Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ground heat exchanger

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ground heat exchanger'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ground heat exchanger"

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Zhelykh, Vasyl, Olena Savchenko, and Vadym Matusevych. "Horizontal earth-air heat exchanger for preheating external air in the mechanical ventilation system." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 13, no. 1 (2018): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2018-0021.

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Abstract To save traditional energy sources in mechanical ventilation systems, it is advisable to use low-energy ground energy for preheating or cooling the outside air. Heat exchange between ground and outside air occurs in ground heat exchangers. Many factors influence the process of heat transfer between air in the heat exchanger and the ground, in particular geological and climatic parameters of the construction site, parameters of the ventilation air in the projected house, physical and geometric parameters of the heat exchanger tube. Part of the parameters when designing a ventilation system with earth-air heat exchangers couldn’t be changed. The one of the factors, the change which directly affects the process of heat transfer between ground and air, is convective heat transfer coefficient from the internal surface of the heat exchanger tube. In this article the designs of a horizontal earthair heat exchanger with heat pipes was proposed. The use of heat pipes in designs of a horizontal heat exchanger allows intensification of the process of heat exchange by turbulence of air flow inside the heat exchanger. Besides this, additionally heat transfer from the ground to the air is carried out at the expense of heat transfer in the heat pipe itself.
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Wang, Geng, Nai Rong, Xuefei Li, et al. "Coaxial Pipes Used as Ground Buried Heat Exchangers—A Review of Research in Recent Years." Buildings 15, no. 2 (2025): 243. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15020243.

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The efficient utilization of geothermal energy depends heavily on high-performance ground heat exchangers. Coaxial pipe is a high-efficiency heat exchanger composed of two nested tubes of different diameters. In this paper, the structure and thermal exchange characteristics of coaxial pipe geothermal exchangers are introduced, which are superior to single-U and double-U geothermal exchangers in respect of installation, heat transporting, and deep geothermal application. Thermal test research of coaxial pipe geothermal exchangers is investigated. Relevant studies in recent years on the factors affecting the thermal performance of coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers, including exchanger configurations, circulating fluids, subsurface conditions, flow patterns, and operational modes, are reviewed. In addition, research on the impact of coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers on the ground, as well as applications for coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers, is summarized. Recommendations are made for potential future research on coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers. It is believed that the results of these studies will help to raise awareness of coaxial pipe ground heat exchangers and to continue to promote their application.
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Grzywacz, Robert, and Mikołaj Teper. "Experimental validation of a CFD model of a ground heat exchanger with slinky coils." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 26, no. 2 (2024): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2024-0022.

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Abstract Rising energy prices have increased the popularity of many renewable energy sources including heat pumps. In the case of ground heat pumps research related to the analysis of the operation and selection of ground heat exchangers as a heat source are insufficient. With this in mind, on the operation of the horizontal slinky coil heat exchanger research work has been undertaken. As a research tool, the Computational Fluid Dynamics has been used. To check the adequacy of the CFD model, a validation of the model was carried out using the results of research on a real heat exchanger. Comparison was made: values of ground temperatures, outlet temperatures from the exchanger, and heat flux exchanged by the heat exchanger. In the opinion of the authors, the validation of the CFD model was successful.
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Šeďová, M., R. Adamovský, and P. Neuberger. "Analysis of ground massif temperatures with horizontal heat exchanger." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, No. 3 (2013): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/30/2012-rae.

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The paper is aimed at specification of ground massif temperatures in the horizontal heat exchanger area in both the heating season and during heat exchanger stagnation. The energetic potential of the ground massif was evaluated using the difference of temperatures of the ground massif in the area of the heat exchanger at the beginning and at the end of the heating season. Specific heat rates of the ground heat exchanger were also determined, and the influence of the ground massif thermal resistance and coefficient of heat transfer between the inner wall of the heat exchanger pipe and the heat-carrying liquid were analysed.  
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Hu, Ying Ning, Ban Jun Peng, Shan Shan Hu, and Jun Lin. "Experimental Study of Heating-Cooling Combined Ground Source Heat Pump System with Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.398.

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A hot-water and air-conditioning (HWAC) combined ground sourse heat pump(GSHP) system with horizontal ground heat exchanger self-designed and actualized was presented in this paper. The heat transfer performance for the heat exchanger of two different pipe arrangements, three layers and four layers, respectively, was compared. It showed that the heat exchange quantity per pipe length for the pipe arrangement of three layers and four layers are 18.0 W/m and 15.0 W/m. The coefficient of performance (COP) of unit and system could remain 4.8 and 4.2 as GSHP system for heating water, and the COP of heating and cooling combination are up to 8.5 and 7.5, respectively. The power consumption of hot-water in a whole year is 9.0 kwh/t. The economy and feasibility analysis on vertical and horizontal ground heat exchanger were made, which showed that the investment cost per heat exchange quantity of horizontal ground heat exchanger is 51.4% lower than that of the vertical ground heat exchanger, but the occupied area of the former is 7 times larger than the latter's.
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Basok, Borys, Borys Davydenko, Hanna Koshlak, and Volodymyr Novikov. "Free Convection and Heat Transfer in Porous Ground Massif during Ground Heat Exchanger Operation." Materials 15, no. 14 (2022): 4843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144843.

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Heat pumps are the ideal solution for powering new passive and low-energy buildings, as geothermal resources provide buildings with heat and electricity almost continuously throughout the year. Among geothermal technologies, heat pump systems with vertical well heat exchangers have been recognized as one of the most energy-efficient solutions for space heating and cooling in residential and commercial buildings. A large number of scientific studies have been devoted to the study of heat transfer in and around the ground heat exchanger. The vast majority of them were performed by numerical simulation of heat transfer processes in the soil massif–heat pump system. To analyze the efficiency of a ground heat exchanger, it is fundamentally important to take into account the main factors that can affect heat transfer processes in the soil and the external environment of vertical ground heat exchangers. In this work, numerical simulation methods were used to describe a mathematical model of heat transfer processes in a porous soil massif and a U-shaped vertical heat exchanger. The purpose of these studies is to determine the influence of the filtration properties of the soil as a porous medium on the performance characteristics of soil heat exchangers. To study these problems, numerical modeling of hydrodynamic processes and heat transfer in a soil massif was performed under the condition that the pores were filled only with liquid. The influence of the filtration properties of the soil as a porous medium on the characteristics of the operation of a soil heat exchanger was studied. The dependence of the energy characteristics of the operation of a soil heat exchanger and a heat pump on a medium with which the pores are filled, as well as on the porosity of the soil and the size of its particles, was determined.
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Huang, Xue Ting, Yan Ling Guan, and Chao Jiang. "Research on the Initial Operating Performance of Ground Heat Exchangers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 2897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.2897.

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Focus on the unfavorable effects of initial operation to the performance of ground heat exchangers, a three-dimensional CFD simulation of full-scale ground heat exchanger under dynamic load was established to investigate the heat transfer performance of a 120-meter vertical U-Tube ground heat exchanger under different initial operating time. The results show that initial operation has influence on the performance of ground heat exchangers.
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Ahammad, Raju, Al Rashedin Kawser, Adnan Abedeen, and Mohammad Ariful Islam. "Thermal Performance Evaluation of a Double Tube Ground Coupled Heat Exchanger in the Climate of Bangladesh." SciEn Conference Series: Engineering 1 (May 7, 2025): 145–48. https://doi.org/10.38032/scse.2025.1.27.

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The ground-coupled heat exchanger (GCHE) is used in space heating and cooling systems to exchange heat with ground soil as a heat source/sink to reduce energy consumption. An experimental investigation is performed in this work to assess the thermal performance of a double tube ground coupled heat exchanger in the climate condition of Bangladesh. A double tube heat exchanger is fabricated using two PVC pipes of different diameter and inserted into 9.14 m depth of the ground. To measure the performance of the heat exchanger, water is circulated through the heat exchanger and temperatures and flow rate of the circulated water are measured. By altering the flow rate, the heat exchanger's rate of heat transfer can be determined. For a period of 12 hours, the water flow rates were 3 lit/min and 5 lit/min. The experiment shows that a flow rate of 3 lit/min gives a higher heat transfer rate per unit length than a flow rate of 5 lit/min. The average rate of heat transfer for the double tube GCHE was 82.36 W/m and 93.28 W/m for the flow rate of 5 lit/min and 3 lit/min, respectively, for the duration of 12 hours.
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Hu, Ping Fang, Zhong Yi Yu, Fei Lei, Na Zhu, Qi Ming Sun, and Xu Dong Yuan. "Performance Evaluation of a Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger Using a Numerical Simulation Approach." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.909.

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A vertical U-tube ground heat exchanger can be utilized to exchange heat with the soil in ground source heat pump systems. The outlet temperature of the working fluid through the U-tube not only accounts for heat transfer capacity of a ground heat exchanger, but also greatly affects the operational efficiency of heat pump units, which is an important characteristic parameter of heat transfer process. It is quantified by defining a thermal effectiveness coefficient. The performance evaluation is performed with a three dimensional numerical model using a finite volume technique. A dynamic simulation was conducted to analyze the thermal effectiveness as a function of soil thermal properties, backfill material properties, separation distance between the two tube legs, borehole depth and flow velocity of the working fluid. The influence of important characteristic parameters on the heat transfer performance of vertical U-tube ground heat exchangers is investigated, which may provide the references for the design of ground source heat pump systems in practice.
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Kuzmenko, Oleksandra, Kostiantyn Dikarev, Daniil Rodionov, Oleksandra Martysh, Anar Iskenderov, and Maryna Babenko. "Geothermal Energy Use for the Additional Heat Supply of a Residential Building." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 28, no. 4 (2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2020-0026.

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Abstract To ensure low-energy consumption in new generation energy-efficient houses, the technology of a ground heat exchanger with a heat recovery system is used almost everywhere. However, this technology has not been widely disseminated in Ukraine. The work is aimed at presenting insights from research on the combination of ground heat exchangers with a heat recovery system for building ventilation by analyzing the operational and techno-economic indicators obtained. Current studies permit revealing the optimal configuration of a ground heat exchanger with a heat recovery system for ventilation in a residential building in order to analyze the efficiency of ground heat exchangers with a heat recovery system for ventilation of a residential building in comparison with several conventional ventilation options to assess the main price/ performance ration of the process of constructing a ground heat exchanger with a heat recovery system and to determine the duration of the technological process, the labor-intensive characteristics, and the estimated cost of the technology.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground heat exchanger"

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Morrison, Andrew. "Finite difference model of a spiral ground heat exchanger for ground-source heat pumps." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ43343.pdf.

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Derouet, Marc. "Analysis of borehole heat exchanger in an existing ground-source heat pump installation." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148158.

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Ground-source heat pumps systems (GSHP) are commonly used all over Sweden to supply heat and sometimes cool to different kinds of housings or commercial facilities. Many large installations are by now between 10 and 20 years old. Even when the design of such system has been tackled, rare are the studies that have dealt with following their performance throughout time in detail. Based on conductive heat transfer, the heat extraction process makes the ground temperature decrease when installations are only used for heating. This thesis aims at proposing a method to evaluate how the temperature in a borehole heat exchanger of a GSHP will evolve. The project is focusing on the heat transfer from the ground to the boreholes modelled using Finite Line Source (FLS) based generated g-functions. “g-functions” are non-dimensional parameters characterizing the evolution of the ground thermal resistance enduring variable heat extraction loads. A model using Matlab has been developed and validated against relevant publications. As a case study, the method is applied to an existing 15 years old GSHP installation, composed of 26 boreholes and 3 heat pumps, so as to compare the obtained results with data measured on site. Two sub-borehole fields compose this installation: 14 of them were drilled in 1998 and the remaining 12 in 2009. Measured variable heat extraction loads were superposed using dedicated site g-functions for the two boreholes fields. As a result, a comparison between modelled and calculated heat carrier fluid in the boreholes over the last 6 months is presented here, as well as a 20 years forecast of the ground temperature at the interface with the boreholes.
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BORTOLONI, MARCO. "Experimental analysis and numerical simulation of a flat-panel ground heat exchanger." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2403476.

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Le recenti politiche ambientali, volte alla riduzione del fabbisogno energetico in edilizia ed alla riduzione delle emissioni di gas clima alteranti, hanno supportato il diffondersi delle tecnologie ad energia rinnovabile. Tra queste, le pompe di calore geotermiche si sono affermate come soluzione alternativa ai tradizionali sistemi per il riscaldamento e raffrescamento degli edifici, in virtù della loro provata affidabilità e dell’elevata efficienza. Sono attualmente disponibili diverse tipologie di pompa di calore geotermica che possono essere in primo luogo classificate in due sottocategorie: a circuito aperto e a circuito chiuso. Le pompe di calore geotermiche a circuito chiuso sono maggiormente diffuse e sono termicamente accoppiate al terreno, che è la sorgente/pozzo termico, per mezzo di scambiatori geotermici. Questi sono generalmente costituiti da un sistema di tubazioni in materiale plastico, che può essere installato in perforazioni verticali (fino a 200 m di profondità) o in posizione orizzontale all’interno di appositi sbancamenti e trincee superficiali (solitamente fino a 2 m). Le pompe di calore geotermiche accoppiate a scambiatori verticali beneficiano della favorevole temperatura del terreno alle basse profondità. All’incirca a 10 m dalla superficie infatti il terreno ha una temperatura quasi costante pari alla temperatura media annuale dell’aria, che aumenta all’aumentare della profondità secondo il gradiente geotermico locale. Al contrario, nel caso di scambiatori orizzontali, la pompa di calore è accoppiata termicamente ad una sorgente (il terreno superficiale) la cui temperatura oscilla stagionalmente al variare delle condizioni ambientali. In virtù di ciò, gli scambiatori verticali offrono prestazioni mediamente migliori, tuttavia l’elevato costo, rende comunque competitiva la più economica soluzione orizzontale per applicazioni residenziali di piccola taglia. Negli ultimi decenni, un considerevole sforzo è stato fatto per l’ottimizzazione delle prestazioni delle pompe di calore geotermiche, sia in ambito accademico che industriale. Di recente sono state sviluppate nuove configurazioni e geometrie per gli scambiatori orizzontali con l’obiettivo di aumentarne l’efficienza di scambio termico. Questa tesi si inserisce in questo ambito, essendo dedicata ad un innovativo scambiatore geotermico di tipo Flat-Panel, inventato e sviluppato presso l’Università degli Studi di Ferrara. L’analisi delle prestazioni di scambiatori Flat-Panels è stata condotta sia per via sperimentale sia impiegando tecniche di modellazione numerica, nell’intento di fornire indicazioni approfondite sul loro utilizzo in accoppiamento a pompe di calore geotermiche. Allo scopo è stato allestito un apparato sperimentale equipaggiato con due prototipi di Flat-Panel, presso il Dipartimento di Architettura dell’Università di Ferrara. Sono stati condotti diversi test simulando il funzionamento di una pompa di calore geotermica in differenti condizioni operative (riscaldamento e raffrescamento) e in diverse modalità (funzionamento continuo, discontinuo e pulsato). Con rifermento ai più comuni scambiatori orizzontali, il Flat-Panel ha fornito prestazioni molto buone sia in riscaldamento che raffrescamento. In particolare, un’ottima prestazione è stata ottenuta durante i test estivi, in virtù della maggiore differenza di temperatura tra il fluido termovettore ed il terreno termicamente indisturbato. Come riportato in letteratura in merito agli scambiatori orizzontali, anche per i Flat-Panels non sono stati osservati fenomeni di deriva termica nel terreno superficiale, indipendentemente dall’energia scambiata. L’analisi numerica ha riguardato la modellazione dello scambio termico nel terreno per mezzo di scambiatori di tipo Flat-Panel. Allo scopo è stato impiegato un modello numerico agli elementi finiti risolvendo lo scambio termico in regime transitorio in un dominio bidimensionale. Nel dominio di calcolo la particolare geometria del Flat-Panel è stata ricondotta ad una condizione al contorno. È stato inoltre sviluppato un modello del bilancio di energia alla superficie del terreno (condizione al contorno del terzo tipo) al fine di simulare dettagliatamente la variazione giornaliera e stagionale della temperatura del terreno superficiale, che è determinante per le prestazioni degli scambiatori orizzontali. In considerazione di ciò, l’analisi è stata approfondita con ulteriori simulazioni per valutare l’effetto sulla soluzione numerica di differenti condizioni al contorno alla superficie del terreno: il modello del bilancio di energia, un flusso termico equivalente ed infine una temperatura superficiale equivalente. I risultati indicano che l’utilizzo del modello del bilancio di energia è l’approccio da preferirsi, senza che questo comporti un particolare aggravio in termini di tempo di calcolo. L’utilizzo di una temperatura equivalente è una ragionevole semplificazione, sebbene la sua stima corretta sia piuttosto complessa. I risultati del modello numerico proposto sono stati confrontati con i dati sperimentali ottenuti durante i test in diverse condizioni operative. Complessivamente il modello si è dimostrato affidabile nel calcolo della variazione di temperatura nel terreno determinato dall’effetto combinato dello scambio termico alla superficie del terreno e allo scambiatore. Infine, è stata svolta un’analisi di sensitività per valutare l’effetto della variazione della conduttività termica del terreno.<br>Worldwide, the innovation and environmental policies for energy saving in buildings and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have widely supported renewable energy technologies. Ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) are regarded as a reliable technology and may represent an efficient and cost-effective solution for space heating and cooling, when the investment for ground heat exchangers is reasonable. In ground-coupled heat pump (GCHPs), a subset of GSHPs, a ground heat exchanger is required to thermally couple a heat pump with the ground. The ground heat exchanger usually consists of a piping system installed in vertical boreholes or in shallow diggings. Vertically coupled heat pumps benefit from the relatively stable temperature in the deep ground and uses geothermal energy from the earth. A horizontally coupled heat pump uses the seasonal heat storage in shallow soil therefore, the performance of horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs) is strongly dependent on climatic conditions due to the low installation depth. A considerable amount of research has been devoted to the performance optimisation of GCHPs, in the last decades. More recently, a number of studies have dealt with the development of new configurations and new geometries for HGHEs, aiming to improve their efficiency. As part of these efforts, this thesis was dedicated to an innovative HGHE, called Flat-Panel, which was invented and developed at the University of Ferrara. This study dealt with the experimental analysis and the numerical simulation of Flat-Panels and it was intended to provide guidance on the behaviour and the performance of this novel HGHEs. The experimental analysis was carried out by means of a dedicated experimental setup equipped with two FlatPanel prototypes. Tests were conducted simulating the operation of a GCHP in different operating conditions (heating and cooling) and modes (continuous, discontinuous and pulsed). Very good performance was reached for both heating and cooling mode in comparison with the widespread installations of straight pipes or slinky coils. The performance was higher in heating mode due to the higher temperature difference between the working fluid and the undisturbed soil in summer. Moreover, according to other studies, seasonal thermal drifts were not measured for HGHEs, regardless of the amount of energy exchanged. The numerical analysis dealt with the simulation of heat transfer in soil due to Flat-Panels. A finite element numerical code was applied solving the unsteady-state heat transfer problem in a 2D domain. In view of this, the FlatPanel shape was modelled as a boundary condition. In order to further delve into particular aspects of HGHEs behaviour, the different heat transfer processes at the ground surface were modelled on the basis of the surface properties and a comprehensive weather dataset. Furthermore, the effect on numerical simulation of HGHEs of different boundary conditions at the ground surface was analysed. The ground surface energy balance model (GSEB), the equivalent surface heat flux and temperature were assigned as boundary conditions of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd kind in three different simulations, respectively. The results indicate that the use of the GSEB model is the preferable approach to the problem, not affecting the calculation time. The equivalent surface temperature could be considered as a reasonable simplification, although its correct estimation is a major issue. The results of the numerical simulation were compared with multiple experimental data sets in different operating conditions. Overall, the model produced a good agreement in terms of ground temperature variation due to the combined effect of the HGHE operation and the heat transfer process at the ground surface. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of variations in soil thermal conductivity.
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Ali, Mohamed. "Modelling the performance of horizontal heat exchanger of ground-coupled heat pump system with Egyptian conditions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-the-performance-of-horizontal-heat-exchanger-of-groundcoupled-heat-pump-system-with-egyptian-conditions(4512120a-422c-464f-b2d9-7bccb68c2a37).html.

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The aim of this work was to investigate the effect on horizontal ground heat exchanger performance of changing soil and load parameters, and pipe horizontal separation distance for ground-coupled heat pumps under Egyptian conditions.Egypt possesses a variety of energy resources; namely fossil and renewable. The amount of renewable energy available is significant and must be utilized perfectly for the sake of achieving sustainable use of energy resources. Soils in Egypt vary widely from being clay with its thermal conductivity of 1.11 (for clay particles) to sand with its thermal conductivity of 5.77 (for sand particles). Two soil samples were chosen from the literature to be used in the investigation held in this work with boundary conditions that match the weather and ground temperature distribution conditions in Egypt.Conduction heat transfer in soils is a very complicated process especially when it is combined with time dependant boundary conditions and temperature dependent thermophysical properties of the medium. A MATLAB code was used to estimate thermophysical properties of the soil samples with three different moisture contents (0, 0.2, and saturation %) and the upper boundary condition bases on two surface dryness conditions (dry and wet). The results of the code were fed to Abqaus/CAE to analysis and predict the temperature distribution in these soils with implementing the time dependant boundary conditions to investigate the ground thermal behaviour of these soils. Also the temperature distribution around two pipes per trench of horizontal ground heat exchanger with applying synthetic load based on estimated cooling and heating degree days for one set of weather conditions. The horizontal separation distance between pipes was investigated by changing it to be 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 metres.Both the MATLAB code and Abaqus environment were validated against measured data published in the literature and their results agreed well with this data.The results of the simulation showed that the ground thermal behaviour depends mainly on the boundary conditions applied on the model. Dry soils are the worst being affected by the variation of the boundaries, because of its low volumetric heat capacities. The moisture content in the soil should be kept around 0.2 or above to get the most benefits from the presence of moisture in the vicinity of ground heat exchangers. The effect of the soil surface dryness is less significant than that of the moisture content of the entire system but it is more controllable than the moisture content. Also it was found that the horizontal separation distance (HSD) between pipes must be selected on the bases of prior knowledge of the site parameters soil type and moisture level. The results showed that the 0.4m HSD is the optimum HSD for the conditions and load profile included in this study.
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Righi, Alexandro. "Numerical models and simulations of geothermal heat exchangers." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185816.

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Ramanathan, Sriram. "Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization of the Vertical GSHP (Ground source heat pump)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanisk värmeteori och strömningslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171867.

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GSHP (Ground source heat pump), uses geothermal energy which is a form of green and sustainable energy.  Geothermal energy is also a continuous source of energy, unlike wind energy. The results from this thesis work will be applicable for both GSHP that are being used for space heating, and the ones which have a bottom organic Rankine cycle. The bottom organic Rankine cycle and continuous energy production of GSHP make it a potential source for electricity generation.  The GSHP is of various types, in regard to the configuration of the pipe and their setup in the ground and also based on their grouting. In this study only vertical GSHP and with a single u-tube and water filled grout will be analyzed. The GSHP performance is based on a number of parameters including, the depth of the heat exchanging unit in the ground, other key dimensions of the unit like diameter and outer wall thickness, the fluid flow, and the type of working fluid. Therefore it becomes necessary to study the effect of all of these parameters individually and their individual effect on the energy output and the performance of the BHE. One of the thesis objectives is to establish a sensitivity analysis of the BHE based on the above mention parameters and then further optimize the design with the heat enhancement devices. The major findings of this thesis work are how shank spacing (spacing between the inlet and the outlet pipe) affects the heat transfer in the BHE. The shank spacing seems to reduce the energy output of the GSHP, this is contrary to the high conductive solid grout, where the shank spacing doesn't affect the BHE so much. The diameter of the BHE in the water-filled grout has a completely opposite effect from the solid grout. Increasing the depth of the BHE after a certain length only increases the entropy of the system which reduces the energy output. The working fluid with a higher Prandtl number helps in higher energy output. The optimization results suggest that having a deeper borehole is not very energy efficient in spite of the greater thermal gradient available at a higher depth.
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Alfadil, Mohammad Omar. "Design Tool for a Ground-Coupled Ventilation System." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100604.

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Ground-coupled ventilation (GCV) is a system that exchanges heat with the soil. Because ground temperatures are relatively higher during the cold season and lower during the hot season, the system takes advantage of this natural phenomenon. This research focused on designing a ground-coupled ventilation system evaluation tool of many factors that affect system performance. The tool predicts the performance of GCV system design based on the GCV system design parameters including the location of the system, pipe length, pipe depth, pipe diameter, soil type, number of pipes, volume flow rate, and bypass system. The tool uses regression equations created from many GCV system design simulation data using Autodesk Computational Fluid Dynamics software. As a result, this tool helps users choose the most suitable GCV system design by comparing multiple GCV systems' design performances and allows them to save time, money, and effort.<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Wajman, Michal. "Technical and Economical Analysis of Ground Source Heat Pump Systems with BHE in Poland." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33642.

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Nowadays, Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) are more frequently acting as a main or the only device covering the building heat/cool demand. The most efficient way to extract/dissipate the low-temperature heat from/to the ground is by means of Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE). In this Master of Science Thesis various aspects related to this technology are studied, focused on summarizing the possibilities of installing this tech-nology in Poland. Borehole drilling methods used in Poland and Sweden are analyzed and the most proper and economical ones according to Polish geological structure are proposed. Approximately for 80 % of Poland the ground should be penetrated with Mud Rotary Drilling, while for the rest 20 % DTH Air or Water driven hammer should be used. Solutions of Thermal Insulated Leg (TIL) Borehole Heat Exchanger cooperation with mechanical ventilation system are proposed and simple preliminary estimations show higher Coefficient of Performance (COP) in comparison to normal, common situation, where standard U-pipe BHE works. The possibility of using a new product (Energy Capsule - EC) in Polish conditions is surveyed, found hard to prosper at Polish market according to its high costs. Profitability of Ground Source Heat Pumps with Borehole Heat Exchanger in different geological regions of Poland is investigated. After conducted simulations it occurred that Polish lowland regions are cheaper in exploita-tion, while uplands regions are less expensive at investment level. Finally, the most ef-ficient BHE conception from those currently available at market as well as recently in-vented is suggested. Annular coaxial BHE in a form of Energy Capsule seems to be the most beneficial from all designs taken into account during performed simulations because of its low price and good thermal properties.
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Kamarad, Anthony. "Design and construction of a mobile equipment for thermal response test in borehole heat exchangers." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99558.

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In 2010, the Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) market in the European Union went up over one million (1 014 436 units at the end of 2010 according to EUROBSERV’ER 2011). In 2011, it was estimated around 1.25 million according to Bayer et al. (2012). With more than 378 000 units installed in 2010, according to the Swedish heat pump association (SVEP), the Swedish GSHPs market was the first in the EU. As for the French GSHPs market, it was estimated to 151 938 units in service in 2010, which propelled France at the third rank in the EU. However, despite a relatively important number of GSHPs installed in the whole EU, since 2008 GSHP sales have shrank. Even Sweden which has been the most competitive country sees its GSHP sales decline in the first quarter of 2012 (EUROBSERV’ER 2011). This report is the achievement of my Master of Science Thesis project. It also represents the end of my studies at INSA Lyon in France and concludes my degree in Energetic and Environment Engineering. This report deals with the improvement of a heat injection apparatus which is available at KTH (Royal Institute of Technology). This equipment is better known as Thermal Response Test (TRT) apparatus. This kind of equipment improves Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHE) design in terms of size and cost benefits. This technology is generally used to design GSHP installations in both domestic and industrial purposes. It allows to determine really important thermal BHE parameters: the thermal conductivity of the ground and the borehole thermal resistance. The report covers a theoretical description of TRT experiments, the reasons and objectives of such a project, the apparatus design and its construction. The last part is dedicated to a first experimental laboratory results and some problems met during the project course.
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Denker, Richard. "Dimensioning and control for heat pump systems using a combination of vertical and horizontal ground-coupled heat exchangers." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36475.

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A model has been developed which simulates a system consisting of a horizontal and vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger connected in parallel to the same heat pump. The model was used in computer simulations to investigate how the annual minimum and mean fluid temperatures at the heat pump varied as several parameters of the combined system were changed. A comparison was also made between different control settings for fluid flow rate distribution between the two exchangers. For the case when the flow rate distribution was not controlled, the effect of viscosity differences between a colder and warmer exchanger was investigated. The short term effects of letting the vertical heat source rest during the warm summer months was then tested. Lastly, the results of the model was compared to a simple 'rule of thumb' that have been used in the industry for this kind of combined system. The results show that using a combined system might not always result in increased performance, if the previously existing exchanger is a vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger. The effects of viscosity differences on the flow distribution seems to be negligible, especially for high net flows. Controlling the fluid flow rates seems to only be worth the effort if the the pipe lengths of the two combined exchangers differ heavily. Letting the vertical ground-coupled heat exchanger rest during summer was shown to in some cases yield an increased short-term performance in addition to the already known positive long term effects. The rule of thumb was shown to recommend smaller dimensions for combination systems than the more realistic analytical model.
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Books on the topic "Ground heat exchanger"

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Rafferty, Kevin D. Direct use geothermal applications for brazed plate heat exchangers. Geo-Heat Center, Oregon Institute of Technology, 1992.

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Im, Hyo-jae. Chŏka, kohyoyul chijung yŏl kyohwanʼgi kŭrautʻing chaeryo kaebal mit DB kuchʻuk =: Development of highly efficient grouting materials and construction of ground thermal conductivity database. Chisik Kyŏngjebu, 2008.

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Im, Hyo-jae. Chŏka, kohyoyul chijung yŏl kyohwanʼgi kŭrautʻing chaeryo kaebal mit DB kuchʻuk =: Development of highly efficient grouting materials and construction of ground thermal conductivity database. Chisik Kyŏngjebu, 2008.

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Daigaku, Fukui. Kuiuchiki o mochiita ido, netsu kōkankui no kaihatsu to chichūnetsu riyō tō e no tekiyō: Heisei 23-nendo chikyū ondanka taisaku kenkyū kaihatsu jigyō itaku gyōmu seika hōkokusho. Fukui Daigaku, 2012.

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Mei, V. C. Horizontal Ground-Coil Heat Exchanger Theoretical and Experimental Analysis. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1986.

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Nicol, J. L. Heat Pump Experiments Using Crawl Spaces as Ground-to-Air Heat Exchangers. EPRI, 1986.

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Clarke, Andrew. Temperature regulation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0009.

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For many organisms there is a fitness advantage to being warm. Many organisms use behavioural thermoregulation to maintain a high body temperature during the day, basking in the sun to warm up and retreating to the shade to avoid overheating. This option is not open to most aquatic organisms, or those living in soil or sediment. It is also generally not possible for small or nocturnal organisms. A small number of active predatory fish utilise a counter-current heat exchanger (rete mirabile) to retain metabolic heat and warm their muscles, brain or eyes. A few have modified optical muscles as heater organs, and a range of plants generate heat to aid dispersal of scent and attract pollinators. A wide range of larger insects use rapid but unsynchronised muscle contraction to elevate their body temperature prior to flight, or other activity. In hot climates organisms may need to dissipate heat to avoid overheating. The major behavioural mechanism is shade-seeking, or for small organisms stilting or climbing onto objects such as plants to move out of the hottest air net to the ground. Larger mammals may tolerate a limited degree of warming during the day, releasing this in the cool of the night. Evaporative cooling is very effective at losing heat, but because it loses valuable water it can only be used sparingly in arid areas.
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Al-Khoury, Rafid. Computational Modeling of Shallow Geothermal Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Al-Khoury, Rafid. Computational Modeling of Shallow Geothermal Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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On-Line Monitoring of Cooling Waters. AMPP, 2002. https://doi.org/10.5006/nace_rp0189-2002.

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Scope This NACE standard describes a variety of devices used for on-line monitoring of fouling, corrosion, and other parameters in recirculating cooling tower water systems. Methods are presented for collecting test data to determine fouling and corrosion rates that can be used for, but are not limited to, (1) predicting the expected service life of heat-exchange equipment, (2) optimizing the cooling system operation, (3) detecting operating problems and upset conditions, (4) monitoring corrective actions taken when such conditions occur, (5) assisting in problem solving, and (6) evaluating alternate chemical treatment programs. This standard is intended for the use of operators of open recirculating cooling water systems and those organizations that supply treatment materials and consulting services to them. This standard was originally prepared in 1989 by NACE Task Group T-3T-1, a component of Unit Committee T-3T on On-Line Monitoring Technology, and revised in 1995 by T-3T-4. It was revised in 2002 by NACE Task Group (TG) 241 on On-Line Monitoring of Cooling Waters and Cooling Water Test Units. TG 241 is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 11 on Water Treatment. This standard was issued by NACE International under the auspices of STG 11. The purpose of this standard is to describe technologies applicable to the on-line monitoring of cooling water systems. The standard focuses on those technologies that provide data on a short-term basis (minutes to hours) and provide output in a form that may be used by the operator to deal with changing conditions in real time. For the purpose of this standard, an on-line monitor for a cooling water system is defined as a device, or combination of devices, that measures corrosion rates and determines changes in heat transfer coefficients (fouling factors) by measuring pertinent parameters under steady-state conditions that simulate critical conditions in an operating heat exchanger in a reliable and objective manner and with acceptable precision and accuracy. (Nomenclature and abbreviations used in this standard are defined in Appendix A.).
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Book chapters on the topic "Ground heat exchanger"

1

Lamarche, Louis. "Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger." In Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_10.

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Lamarche, Louis. "Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling, Inside the Borehole." In Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_5.

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Lamarche, Louis. "Ground Heat Exchanger Modeling, Outside the Borehole." In Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_4.

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Shi, Zhigang, Shangping Song, and Songtao Hu. "Optimized Design of Ground-Source Heat Pump System Heat Exchanger." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39581-9_71.

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Liao, Quan, and Wenzhi Cui. "Transient Thermal-Resistance-Capacitance Model for U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger." In Geothermal Heat Pump Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24524-4_5.

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Nalepa, Krzysztof, Piotr Sołowiej, Maciej Neugebauer, and Wojciech Miąskowski. "Data Acquisition System for a Ground Heat Exchanger Simulator." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_52.

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Aizzuddin, A. M., A. A. Asrudin, T. M. Yusof, and W. H. Azmi. "Soil Characteristic Study to Improve Heat Conductivity Capability in Ground Heat Exchanger." In Technological Advancement in Mechanical and Automotive Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1457-7_54.

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Lines, Scott Harold, Marcelo A. Llano-Serna, and David J. Williams. "Analysis of Groundwater Advection and Ground-Heat Exchanger Spacing on Intermittent Ground-Source Heat Pump Operation." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99670-7_3.

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Piotrowska-Woroniak, Joanna. "Analysis of a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Operation Cooperating with a Heat Pump." In Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_58.

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Cortes, Douglas D., Ali Nasirian, and Sheng Dai. "Smart Ground-Source Borehole Heat Exchanger Backfills: A Numerical Study." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99670-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ground heat exchanger"

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Tarasova, Victoria, Oleksandr Tarasov, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Andrii Kostikov, Danylo Shaforostov, and Dmytro Hrinchenko. "The Impact of the Heat Pump Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger Operation on the Soil Thermal State." In 2024 IEEE 5th KhPI Week on Advanced Technology (KhPIWeek). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/khpiweek61434.2024.10877984.

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Mesquita, Lucio, Angela Weiss, Jeff Thornton, Lucio Mesquita, and Reda Djebbar. "Solar Radiant Floor and Sub-Surface Ground Heat Exchanger Thermal Storage System: Feasibility and Performance Assessment." In EuroSun 2024: 15th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry. International Solar Energy Society, 2024. https://doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2024.02.11.

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Sabbagh, Gabriel, and Michel Bernier. "Effect of the geothermal heat flux on vertical ground heat exchanger performance." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.24.000037.

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Ground heat exchangers (GHE) are typically modeled using a simplifying assumption: the mean ground and atmospheric temperatures are assumed to be equal to the ground temperature halfway down the length of the borehole. This paper examines the impact of this assumption on vertical ground heat exchanger performance. A numerical model using a finite volume method is developed to simulate the performance of ground heat exchangers. The model takes into consideration the effect of the geothermal gradient, varying surface temperatures, inlet fluid temperatures or energy extraction loads over long periods of time. Results from the first comparison show that the geothermal heat flux provides more energy to the GHE than the outside environment and that over long periods of operation, the geothermal heat flux establishes itself as the main energy source. Moreover, the existence of a geothermal heat flux diminishes the effect of continuous heat extraction on the natural ground heat flux profile and therefore, infers a more sustainable exploitation of the energy resource. Results from the second comparison show that inadequate GHE dimensioning in both cooling and heating can occur if the geothermal heat flux is not considered. However, using simple approximations to the ground temperature profile that consider the geothermal heat flux can lead to accurate heat exchange calculations.
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Chwieduk, Michał, Artur Rusowicz, and Hanna Jędzrzejuk. "Soil Profile and Ground Properties Influence on Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Efficiency." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.253.

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Soil properties have a significant impact on the performance of ground heat exchangers. Exchangers cooperating with heat pumps are a reliable and efficient source of renewable energy. In the article concentric vertical ground heat exchanger is analysed, which is a common application cooperating with heat pumps. Soil and ground properties have great im-portance during sizing the system, i.e.: determining the length, configuration and deployment of ground heat exchangers. With the depth the soil/ground type and its properties can change significantly. In addition, occurrence of a ground water can influence physical and thermal properties. Determination of soil type present at different depths in a specific location is possible by performing a soil profile. The article presents an analysis of the impact of two soil profiles on the efficien-cy of the vertical ground heat exchanger. The analysis was performed based on the model of a single heat exchanger made using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) program. The model is divided into two parts: model of heat ex-changer together with grout filling the borehole, second: axis-symmetric model of the ground surrounding the exchanger. Both models are coupled by first-type boundary condition. Simulations of ground heat exchanger work are made for a part of heating season period. The calculation results were compared to reference one with uniform ground profiles. Dif-ference in heat rejected form ground in two analysed does not show high influence of ground layers on ground heat ex-changer performance. On the other hand, results strongly depends on analysed soil profile.
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"Ground heat exchanger performance with variable speed ground-source heat pumps." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.22.000029.

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Kayaci, Nurullah, Hakan Demir, Ş. Özgür Atayılmaz, and Özden Ağra. "Long Term Simulation of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger for Ground Source Heat Pump." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51552.

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The earth is an energy resource which has more suitable and stable temperatures than air. Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) were developed to use ground energy for residential heating. The most important part of a GSHP is the Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) that consists of pipes buried in the soil and is used for transferring heat between the soil and the heat exchanger of the GSHP. Soil composition, density, moisture and burial depth of pipes affect the size of a GHE. There are plenty of works on ground source heat pumps and ground heat exchangers in the literature. Most of the works on ground heat exchangers are based on the heat transfer in the soil and temperature distribution around the coil. Some of the works for thermo-economic optimization of thermal systems are based on thermodynamic cycles. GHEs is commonly sized according to short time (one year or less) simulation algorithms. Variation of soil temperature in long time period is more important and, therefore, long term simulation is required to be assure the performance of the GSHP system. In this study, long time (10 years) simulation for parallel pipe GHE of a GSHP system was performed numerically with dynamical boundary conditions. In the numerical study ANSYS CFD package was used. This package uses a technique based on control volume theory to convert the governing equations to algebraic equations so they can be solved numerically. The control volume technique works by performing the integration of the governing equations about each control volume, and then generates discretization of the equations which conserve each quantity based on control volume. Thermal boundary conditions can be defined in four different types in ANSYS Fluent: Constant heat flux, constant temperature, convection-radiation and convection. In this study, periodic variation of air temperature boundary at upper surface condition is applied, the lateral and bottom surface of the solution domain are defined as adiabatic wall type boundary condition; the pipe inner surface is taken as wall with a constant heat flux. In order to provide the periodic variation of air temperature boundary at upper surface condition a User Defined Function (UDF) was written and interpreted in ANSYS Fluent. Likewise, a UDF was also written to give constant heat flux intermittently for the pipe inner surface. Constant heat flux of 10, 20, 30 W per unit length of pipe used for calculations. Effects of distance between pipes and thermal conductivity on temperature distribution in the soil were investigated. Heat transfer in the soil is time dependent three dimensional heat conduction with dynamical boundary conditions. Temperature distribution in soil were obtained and storage effect of the soil has also been investigated. An optimization methodology based on long term simulation of GHE was suggested.
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Heim, Elisa, Philippe Pasquier, Gabriel Dion, Phillip Stoffel, and Norbert Klitzsch. "Reconstruction of experimental thermal response functions from monitoring data of a borehole heat exchanger field." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.24.000018.

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Thermal response functions are commonly used to describe the heat exchange capability of ground heat exchangers. When convolved with the ground thermal load, they allow for a quick and efficient prediction of the temperature evolution. Typically, thermal response functions are obtained through physical models of the heat transfer process. However, they can also be reconstructed directly from real experimental data, such as temperature measurements of the fluid leaving the boreholes. Here we reconstruct experimental response functions from monitoring data of 40 borehole heat exchangers. Each borehole is connected through a horizontal pipe to one of three underground vaults, in which sensors for fluid temperature and flow rate are installed. A data period of 27 days is used to deconvolve response functions for each borehole individually. The resulting functions reproduce the measured data with a root mean square error of less than 0.06 K. Moreover, they reveal subtle variations in the heat exchange potential of each individual borehole. Statistical analysis attributes those differences mainly to the length of the horizontal connecting pipes and the distance to neighboring boreholes. However, discrepancies for some boreholes suggest that not all variables affecting the heat transfer were taken into account.
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Shafagh, Ida, and Simon Rees. "Foundation wall heat exchanger model and validation study." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.18.000045.

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Demir, Hakan, Ahmet Koyun, and S¸ O¨zgu¨r Atayılmaz. "Determination of Optimum Design Parameters of Horizontal Parallel Pipe and Vertical U-Tube Ground Heat Exchangers." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88206.

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The most important part of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) is the ground heat exchanger (GHE) that consists of pipes buried in the soil and is used for transferring heat between the soil and the heat exchanger of the ground source heat pump. Soil composition, thermal properties and water content affect the length of ground heat exchanger. Another parameter affects the size of the ground heat exchanger is the shape. There are two basic ground heat exchanger configurations: vertical U-tube and horizontal parallel pipe. There are plenty of works on ground source heat pumps and ground heat exchangers in the literature. Most of the works on ground heat exchangers are based on the heat transfer in the soil and temperature distribution around the coil. Some of the works for thermo-economic optimization of thermal systems are based on thermodynamic cycles. This study covers comparative thermo-economical analysis of horizontal parallel pipe and vertical u-tube ground heat exchangers. An objective function has been defined based on heating capacity, investment and energy consumption costs of ground heat exchanger. Investment and energy consumption costs were taken into account as total cost in the objective function. The effects of the soil thermal conductivity, number of pipes, thermal capacity of ground heat exchanger, pipe diameter and the burial depth on the objective function were examined. The main disadvantage of U-tube ground heat exchanger is higher borehole cost that makes installation cost higher than parallel pipe ground heat exchanger. To make reference functions equal for both type of ground heat exchangers, the borehole cost must be under 20 $/m (now 55 $/m) for a given heating or cooling capacity. The performance of ground heat exchangers depends on the soil characteristics especially the soil thermal conductivity.
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Raymond, Jasmin, Claude Hugo Koubikana Pambou, Nicolò Giordano, Hubert Langevin, Louis Lamarche, and Louis Gosselin. "A review of new methods for in situ assessment of the subsurface heat capacity." In International Ground Source Heat Pump Association. International Ground Source Heat Pump Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22488/okstate.24.000013.

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Heat storage properties can hardly be determined with conventional thermal response tests. New field methods were therefore developed for in situ assessment of thermal diffusivity and heat capacity. The objective of this paper is to review recently developed field methods that can be conducted in either vertical ground heat exchangers or horizontal trenches. The first method consists of reproducing a vertical temperature profile measured in a ground heat exchanger using an empirical formula. The second method is an oscillatory thermal response test made with water circulation in a ground heat exchanger and producing an oscillatory temperature response whose phase and amplitude are affected by the storage of heat in the material surrounding the heat source. The third method relies on a heating cable installed in a horizontal trench and used to inject heat, again with an oscillatory heat injection rate. These new methods can be used in the scope of ground-coupled heat pump projects where there is a need to evaluate the ground thermal diffusivity or heat capacity, for example, to design underground energy storage systems.
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Reports on the topic "Ground heat exchanger"

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Liu, Xiaobing, Yarom Polsky, Defeng Qian, and Josh McDonald. Analysis of Cost Reduction Potential of Vertical Bore Ground Heat Exchanger (Final). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1474649.

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Wilson, D., Steven Peckham, Max Krackow, Sora Haley, Sophia Bragdon, and Jay Clausen. Discriminating buried munitions based on physical models for their thermal response. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49749.

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Munitions and other objects buried near the Earth’s surface can often be recognized in infrared imagery because their thermal and radiative properties differ from the surrounding undisturbed soil. However, the evolution of the thermal signature over time is subject to many complex interacting processes, including incident solar radiation, heat conduction in the ground, longwave radiation from the surface, and sensible and latent heat exchanges with the atmosphere. This complexity makes development of robust classification algorithms particularly challenging. Machine-learning algorithms, although increasingly popular, often require large training datasets including all environments to which they will be applied. Algorithms incorporating an understanding of the physical processes underlying the thermal signature potentially provide improved performance and mitigate the need for large training datasets. To that end, this report formulates a simplified model for the energy exchange near the ground and describes how it can be incorporated into maximum-likelihood ratio and Bayesian classifiers capable of distinguishing buried objects from their surroundings. In particular, a version of the Bayesian classifier is formulated that leverages the differing amplitude and phase response of a buried object over a 24-hour period. These algorithms will be tested on experimental data in a future study.
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Mittereder, N., and A. Poerschke. Ground Source Heat Pump Sub-Slab Heat Exchange Loop Performance in a Cold Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1111203.

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Mittereder, Nick, and Andrew Poerschke. Ground Source Heat Pump Sub-Slab Heat Exchange Loop Performance in a Cold Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220905.

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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, and Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.

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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.
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Jebrail, F. F., and R. S. Kistler. L51753 Natural Draft Aerial Coolers. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010422.

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In recent years, environmental regulations have tightened and community involvement in environmental issues has increased. The pipeline industry has responded by attempting to reduce the negative economic and environmental impact of conventional air-cooled heat exchangers, which are characterized by high noise levels, excessive energy consumption, and high maintenance costs. While industry has had limited success in reducing air cooler noise using silencers and timed variable-speed fans, these solutions are costly. The most effective noise reduction method is to reduce or eliminate noise at its source. The primary goals of this investigation were to address key technical issues and to document natural draft aerial cooler (NDAC) design knowledge. The following objectives were identified: - Form a project team from PRCI-recommended aerial cooler manufacturers to design a quiet aerial cooler - Conduct technical and economic analyses to determine the actual operating needs and constraints of NDACs - Conduct market analyses to evaluate and identify the marketing issues associated with NDACs - Document the results of the project in a final report In recent years, the number of environmental permits mandating the use of natural draft aerial coolers to reduce noise has increased. Natural draft aerial cooler technology can potentially eliminate noise and improve operational energy efficiency. A broad group of applications could benefit from this technology, including natural gas, engine jacket water, auxiliary water, and engine lube oil cooling. With noise regulations and penalties becoming increasingly stringent, natural draft heat transfer technology is becoming more important. No organization has as yet fully investigated it. The technical and economic feasibility of NDACs were investigated for natural gas, engine jacket water, auxiliary water, and lube oil cooler applications.
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2nd Meeting of the Global Coordination Committee on Foot and Mouth Disease (GCC-FMD). Report of the virtual meeting 12 April 2022. Rome. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/gftads.3332.

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The 2nd meeting of the GCC-FMD was organised under the umbrella of the GF-TADs, by its FMD Working Group (WG) on 12 April 2022. The participants included representatives of 11 GCC-FMD Standing Member organisations, and representatives from the FAO and OIE regional offices, the representatives from FAO/WOAH regional Reference Centres, and the head of the FAO/WOAH World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD, The Pirbright Institute, UK). The FMD-WG is looking to this committee to guide in the final phase of the implementation of the FAO/WOAH Global FMD Control Strategy, through sharing information and experiences, improving the alignment and coordination of regional initiatives with the FAO/WOAH Global FMD control strategy and eventually developing a 5-year global FMD action plan. The overall purpose of the GCC-FMD is to: (i) Facilitate the implementation of the Global strategy as it is entering the final phase of its implementation; (ii) Enhance information exchange and coordination at regional level; (iii) Enable replication of success across regions.
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