Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ground loops

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ground loops'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ground loops"

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Bellan, P. M. "Simple system for locating ground loops." Review of Scientific Instruments 78, no. 6 (June 2007): 065104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2745242.

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Zhou, Xiang, Ying Ying Ma, and Xiao Feng Liu. "Research on Dual Ground Loop Vehicle Detection System of Intelligent Transportation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 491–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.491.

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To against the inadequate of current gateway detection device in parking lots, toll stations and other public places, the paper provides the program of the use of two ground loops to detect and judge the vehicle entrance and exit actions, designs the dual ground loop vehicle detection system correspondingly, and analyzes how the system works. According to the findings, recommendations will be given to the application scope of the system.
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Yin, Changchun, and Ruo Wang. "Power line ground resistance detection using helicopter electromagnetic systems." GEOPHYSICS 80, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): E125—E133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0421.1.

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Power line grounding can be a serious concern for the power supply industry. Only a small amount of ground resistance is acceptable because a good electric contact of power line towers with the earth reduces the possibility of the natural hazard associated with lightning. We investigated the possibility of using helicopter-borne electromagnetic (HEM) apparatus to detect the ground resistances of power line towers. Two induction systems were considered: a transmitter-earth-receiver system and a power line loop-earth-receiver system. The transmitter-earth-receiver system built the background signal in the HEM receiver, whereas the power line loop-earth-receiver system produced the signal used for resolving the power line ground resistances. By ignoring the mutual coupling between the two systems, we calculated the induced electromotive forces in the power line loop above which the HEM bird was flown and its two immediate neighbor loops. We replaced other loops along the power line with the Norton-Thevinin equivalence and solved the current flow in the power line loop by the mesh current method. Using the current in the power line loop as induction source, we calculated the electromagnetic responses in the HEM receiver from the power line loop-earth-receiver system. For identification of the poorly grounded towers, we introduced ratios of in-phase and quadrature to signal amplitude and the HEM phase. We evaluated numerical experiments showing that these parameters can well identify power line towers with high ground resistances, and they were insensitive to the flight altitude and direction. Moreover, we also took the catenaries of the power line into consideration so that the elevation differences between towers resulting from rugged mountains could be easily incorporated into the interpretation. We considered vertical coaxial (VCA) and horizontal coplanar (HCP) coil configurations. It was found that the signal for HCP coil has multiple peaks, whereas the VCA coil signal has only a single peak, so we recommend the VCA coil array for power line ground resistance detection. The inversion of synthetic data showed that the power line ground resistances can be resolved from the HEM survey.
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Davis, Aaron, and James Macnae. "Measuring AEM waveforms with a ground loop." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 6 (November 2008): F213—F222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2976791.

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Measuring a transmitter-current waveform provides critical data unavailable for some airborne electromagnetic (AEM) systems yet needed to model AEM data quantitatively. We developed a novel experimental method of measuring an airborne transmitter waveform by monitoring the current induced in a closed, multiturn, insulated ground loop of known inductance [Formula: see text] and resistance [Formula: see text]. The transmitter waveform of five different time-domain systems is deconvolved from the measured ground-loop response when excited by the primary electromagnetic field of the AEM system. In general, our measurements agree well with contractor-described transmitter current waveforms, although crucial differences exist between our deconvolved waveforms and those described in the literature. Using the pulse-per-second feature of a GPS antenna, the ground loop can monitor the frequency drift of a frequency-domain system. The ground loop behaves like a lossy electric-field antenna when the resistance closing the ground loop is too large. This leads to negatives in the response of coincident-loop systems without including induced polarization effects. After observing exponentially decaying, oscillating-current responses in high-resistance ground loops, we model the observed current with an LRC circuit whose resistance and capacitance represent generalized effective antenna and free-space values. Our model predicts responses that closely match the damped oscillations seen in the airborne response during flyover; however, it does not work well on conductive ground.
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Bellina, F., N. Pomaro, and F. Trevisan. "The Ground Loops Detection System in the RFX Machine." Fusion Technology 30, no. 3P2B (December 1996): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst96-a11963114.

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Qu, L., R. Zhang, H. Lee, and H. Kim. "Compact triple‐band ground radiation antenna using two inner rectangular loops enclosed by two outer loops." Electronics Letters 52, no. 10 (May 2016): 790–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.3867.

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Shin, Jeong Soo, Jong Woo Park, and Sean Hay Kim. "Measurement and Verification of Integrated Ground Source Heat Pumps on a Shared Ground Loop." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 6, 2020): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071752.

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We propose an integrated geothermal system that consists of air-conditioning and hot water service ground source heat pumps, both of which share a ground water loop. The proposed system increases the COP of the service hot water ground source heat pump by recovering the condensation heat of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump as an evaporator heat source for the hot water service ground source heat pump. Eventually this integration expands the scope and capacity of the evaporator source in addition to the underground water of heat exchangers, which also leads to increase the COP of the air-conditioning ground source heat pump. The integrated geothermal heat pump system was installed in a hotel, and then data were measured for a limited period due to the hotel’s ongoing business activities. A TRNSYS simulation model has been developed as a baseline, and the baseline has been calibrated with the measured data. By running one-year simulations, it turns out that the annual electricity use for heating and cooling, and service hot water was reduced by 19.1% in the cooling season, and by 9.6% in the heating season, with respect to the conventional configuration in which the air-conditioning heat pump and hot water service heat pump work individually on their own ground loops.
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Ali Hamed, S. M., and A. A. Osman. "Design Formulas for Broadband Concentric Circular-Loops Antennas." Advanced Electromagnetics 4, no. 1 (June 11, 2015): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7716/aem.v4i1.277.

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This paper presents a simple formulas for designing broadband concentric circular-loops antennas (CCLAs). The loop dimensions for widest bandwidth are expressented in terms of the resonance frequency of the driven loop. The analysis addresses both cases CCLAs with and without ground planes. The presented formulas are employed to design multiple CCLAs. For example, a 3-elements CCLA of a maximum radius of 6.34 cm can be designed to operate with a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2 over a frequencies band of a fractional bandwidth of 16.9% with a minimum directivity of 3.9 dB. Addionationally, a 4-elements CCLA of maximum radius of 15 cm can be design to operate in the frequency band extending from 825 MHz to 991 MHz (fractional bandwidth of 18.3%) with a VSWR < 2 and directivity higher than 5.2 dB over the entire band. Furthermore, the analysis shows that a 3-elements CCLA backed with a conducting ground plane improves the fractional bandwidth to 19.6% and directivity to 9.15 dB over the band of interest. The analytical results on designed antennas are validated with simulation results obtained by using the AN-SOF antenna simulation software. An excellent agreement is observed between analytical and AN-SOF simulations results.
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Durr, V. "Stereotypic leg searching movements in the stick insect: kinematic analysis, behavioural context and simulation." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 9 (May 1, 2001): 1589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.9.1589.

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Insects are capable of efficient locomotion in a spatially complex environment, such as walking on a forest floor or climbing in a bush. One behavioural mechanism underlying such adaptability is the searching movement that occurs after loss of ground contact. Here, the kinematic sequence of leg searching movements of the stick insect Carausius morosus is analysed. Searching movements are shown to be stereotypic rhythmic movement sequences consisting of several loops. The typical loop structure allows the mean tarsus trajectory to be calculated using a feature-based averaging procedure. Thus, it is possible to describe the common underlying structure of this movement pattern. Phase relationships between joint angles, analysed for searching front legs, indicate a central role for the thorax-coxa joint in searching movements. Accordingly, the stereotyped loop structure of searching differs between front-, middle- and hindlegs, with leg-specific patterns being caused by differing protraction/retraction movements in the thorax-coxa joint. A simple artificial neural network that had originally been devised to generate simple swing movements allows two essential features of empirical searching trajectories to be simulated: (i) cyclic movements and (ii) the smooth transition into a search trajectory as a non-terminated swing movement. It is possible to generate several loops of a middle-leg search, but the precise size and shape of the loops fall short of a real-life approximation. Incorporation of front-leg retraction or hind-leg protraction during searching will also require an extension to the current model. Finally, front-leg searching occurs simultaneously with antennal movements. Also, because leg searching movements are a local behaviour, the legs remaining on the ground continue their stance phase, causing a forward shift of the body, including the searching leg. As a result of this shift, the centre of the searched space is close to the anterior extreme position of the tarsus during walking, representing the location of most likely ground contact according to past experience. Therefore, the behavioural relevance of searching movements arises from the combined actions of several limbs.
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O'Brien, D. M., and R. S. Smith. "Transient electromagnetic response of a layered conducting medium at asymptotically late times." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 27, no. 1 (July 1985): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000004732.

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AbstractIn this paper we consider a pair of horizontal conducting loops in the air above a horizontally layered ground. The transmitting loop is driven by a current source which rises from zero at time zero to a final constant value at time τ. We first compute the e.m.f. induced in the receiving loop and derive an asymptotic series for the e.m.f. at late times. Secondly, we estimate the error in truncating the asymptotic series at N terms and design a reliable numerical algorithm for summing the asymptotic series.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground loops"

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Myllylä, K. (Kari). "On the solvability of groups and loops." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514269055.

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Abstract The dissertation consists of three articles in which the solvability of groups and the solvability of loops are considered. The first parts of the thesis survey some basic information and results on transversals and loops. The summarizing parts provide the three main results for the solvability of groups and loops.
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Bauer, Sven. "Loops on real Stiefel-manifolds." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367371.

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The central object of the study in this thesis is ΩO(n), the space of closed continuous loops on an orthogonal group O(n) based at the identity-element 1 Ε O(n). The space ΩO(n) carries a group structure given by pointwise multiplication of paths in the group O(n). This makes it an infinite dimensional Lie group. A filtration of ΩO(n), more precisely of the subspace of 'polynomial' loops, is constructed. This can be thought of as the 'real' analogue of the Mitchell-Richter filtration of ΩSU(n). Our filtration of ΩO(n) splits stably and O(n)-equivariantly in the cases n = 3, 4. We obtain: In contrast to the complex case no general splitting result can hold (this follows from work by Hopkins on stable indecomposability of ΩSp(2)). The thesis also investigates the topology of the loopspace of a real Stiefel-manifold. A stable O(n)-equivariant splitting for the fibrewise loop-space of a projective bundle is used to give a splitting for the free loop-space LRPn on a real projective space.
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Pacheco, Rui. "Harmonic maps and loop groups." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404621.

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Zhou, Yongxin. "Alternative algebras and RA loops." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/NQ42490.pdf.

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Souaid, Charbel. "Identification and characterization of Polycomb repressed gene-enhancer loops." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS015.

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Dans les cellules souches embryonnaires de souris (mESCs), le groupe de protéines Polycomb (PcG) répriment les gènes de développement en participant ainsi à la maintenance de l’état de pluripotence. Ce complexe dépose la H3K27me3au niveau des éléments régulateurs induisant une compaction de la chromatine. Cette marque forme en plus des marquesactives H3K4me3 présentes des domaines bivalents. Etrangement, des boucles d’ADN dites entre le promoteur et enhancer, généralement associé à l’activation du gènes, sont observées au niveau des gènes bivalents avant leur activation.On suppose que la fonction du PcG pourrait être de neutraliser l'enhancer conférant une future activation rapide des gènes.Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai identifié les boucles d’ADN formé par les réprimés par PcG dans les mESCs. Pour cela,j’ai effectué un profilage épigénomique de 4 marques d'histones et identifié près de 2500 promoteurs bivalents et 13000enhancers. En utilisant des données publiées de Hi-C à haute résolution, j’ai identifié toutes les boucles formées par les domaines bivalents. Etonnement, j’ai pu identifier que de nombreux gènes réprimés par PcG interagissent avec des enhancers actifs. Cette observation a été suivie d'une validation par le 4C-seq. De plus, j’ai effectué une caractérisation fonctionnelle des boucles en utilisant deux approches. Tout d'abord, j'ai mis en place, en collaboration avec D. Bourc'his(Institut Curie), un système de culture de mESCs (2i + VitC) où le taux de H3K27me3 est réduit. J'ai effectué un profilage épigénomique similaire révélant que les promoteurs réprimés par PcG ont perdu la marque H3K27me3. En RNA-seq, j’ai démontré que l’expression des gènes ne change pas après le PcG soit détacher des promoteurs.. Ensuite, par la réalisation de plusieurs validations en 4C-seq j’ai démontré que les interactions avec les enhancers ne sont pas affecté alors que la moitié des enhancers interagissant perdent leurs marques activatrices. Dans le système 2i+VitC, ces gènes semblent être réprimés par un autre mécanisme suite à la perte du PcG. De plus, j’utilise une approche ciblée pour enlever localement laH3K27me3 de deux gènes bivalents en utilisant le système Cette technique est en cours d’optimisation.Notre étude est la plus systématique au niveau génomique des boucles d'ADN dans le cadre de la régulation des gènes PcG. Notre étude révèle une nouvelle fonction du PcG qui est la répression de boucle d’ADN déjà établies entre promoteurs et enhancers
In the mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), Polycomb Group Proteins (PcG) repress developmental genes and thereby participating in the maintenance of the pluripotency. PcG repress genes by depositing the H3K27me3 histone marks on their regulatory elements, followed by chromatin compaction. In addition to the H3K27me3 marks, those genes carry H3K4me3 active marks and were characterized as bivalent. Intriguingly, at many PcG repressed genes, DNA loops can be observed with enhancer elements, which are normally thought to have an activating function. The aim of my project is to both describe and mechanistically dissect the function of Polycomb repressed promoter – enhancer loops.During my PhD, I aimed firstly to identify all promoter–enhancer loops involved by PcG repressed genes in mESCs. I have performed ChIP-seq profiling of 4 histone marks and identified around 2500 PcG repressed promoters and 13000 enhancers. Using a recently published high-resolution Hi-C data in mESCs, I have identified all DNA loops that are formed by PcG repressed promoters. Surprisingly, a high percentage of bivalent promoters were found to contact active enhancers. The presence of those loops were validated by ultra-high 4C-seq on selected genes and imply a small significant increase of the gene expression without leading to a complete activation of the gene. I have established a more physiological ESC model (2i+VitC) where H3K27me3 is reduced at all promoters. I have performed ChIP-seq, where bivalent promoters were all classified as H3K27me3 negative. RNA-seq experiments have showed that those genes do not become activated. 4C-seq experiments have revealed that those loops do not disappear after PcG removal, whereas the half of interacted enhancer loose their H3K27ac active marks. Those genes seem to remain repressed by an unknown mechanism. These results argue for a possible role of PcG in preparing the gene for their activation by blocking the productivity of such DNA loops. Secondly, I aimed to functionally characterize those DNA loops by using a CRISPR/dCas9 approach to completely remove H3K27me3 from two PcG repressed genes that contact active enhancers Pax6 and Nkx1-1 genes. This system is still under optimization steps.My project revealed the most systematic characterization of DNA loops under the regulation of PcG, providing important insight how PcG function to inactivate such loops. I have highlighted an additional function of PcG which the involvement in the repression of already establish loops between active enhancers and promoters and thereby blocking the productivity of such activating loops. This function is an addition to the already described repressive function of PcG on both promoters and poised enhancers
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Kim, Yunhyong. "Smooth cochain cohomology of loop groups." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621575.

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Raynor, Sophia C. "Compact symmetric multicategories and the problem of loops." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=236493.

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The compact symmetric multicategories (CSMs) introduced by Joyal and Kock in their 2011 note 'Feynman Graphs, and Nerve Theorem for Compact Symmetric Multicategories' [JK11] directly generalise a number of unital operad types, such as wheeled properads, that admit a contraction operation as well as an operadic multiplication. These structures are known to exhibit strange behaviour related to the contraction of units, and this is problematic for [JK11]. In this thesis, I modify the construction of [JK11] to obtain non unital (coloured) modular operads as algebras for a monad defined in terms of connected graphs, and use this as a foundation for a new construction of CSMs based on special graph morphisms. A corresponding nerve theorem characterises CSMs in terms of a Segal condition. This construction sheds light, and provides some control, on the behaviour of the contracted units.
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Kim, Jeong I. "Log-Periodic Loop Antennas." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34392.

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The Log-Periodic Loop Antenna with Ground Reflector (LPLA-GR) is investigated as a new type of antenna, which provides wide bandwidth, broad beamwidth, and high gain. This antenna has smaller transverse dimensions (by a factor of 2/pi) than a log-periodic dipole antenna with comparable radiation characteristics. Several geometries with different parameters are analyzed numerically using ESP code, which is based on the method of moments. A LPLA-GR with 6 turns and a cone angle of 30* offers the most promising radiation characteristics. This antenna yields 47.6 % gain bandwidth and 12 dB gain according to the numerical analysis. The LPLA-GR also provides linear polarization and unidirectional patterns.

Three prototype antennas were constructed and measured in the Virginia Tech Antenna Laboratory. Far-field patterns and input impedance were measured over a wide range of frequencies. The measured results agree well with the calculated results. Because of its wide bandwidth, high gain, and small size, the LPLA is expected to find applications as feeds for reflector antennas, as detectors in EMC scattering range, and as mobile communication antennas.
Master of Science

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Blomqvist, Mikael. "Construction and evaluation of a magnetoresistive ground penetrating radar system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ångström Space Technology Centre (ÅSTC), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159904.

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This Master Thesis examines the possibility to apply a magnetometer developed by the Ångstöm space technology center to a small magnetic ground penetrating radar system with dimension in the order of one dm³. The magnetometer is broadband (DC-1GHz) and miniaturized. Loop antennas are used to transmit the signal.    A series of experiments have been performed in order to characterize the system, mainly examining the ability to determine distance to a target, using continuous sine wave signals and pulse trains. Standing wave patterns are formed between antenna and target and can be used for determining distance in the continuous case. When using a pulse train, the echo from the target could not be resolved using the current experiment set up, distance could therefore not be determined.
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Aloi, Daniel N. "Electromagnetic analysis of ground multipath for satellite-based positioning systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1178816934.

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Books on the topic "Ground loops"

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Karl, Strambach, ed. Loops in group theory and lie theory. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2002.

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Vesanen, Ari. On connected transversals in PSL (2, g). Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1992.

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Ismagilov, R. S. Representations of infinite-dimensional groups. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1996.

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Heinrich, Hofmann Karl. Lie groups and subsemigroups with surjective exponential fuction. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1997.

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Pflugfelder, Hala O. Quasigroups and loops: Introduction. Berlin: Heldermann, 1990.

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Sabinin, Lev V. Smooth quasigroups and loops. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1999.

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Baker, C. A. An affine characterization of Moufang projective Klingenberg planes. Toronto: Dept. of Mathematics, University of Toronto, 1989.

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Graeme, Segal, ed. Loop groups. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

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Sabinin, Lev V. Smooth Quasigroups and Loops. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999.

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Schreiber, Robert. Automatic blocking of nested loops. [Moffett Field, Calif.?]: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ground loops"

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Weik, Martin H. "ground loop." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 694. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_8080.

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Kiechle, Hubert. "7. Frobenius Groups with Many Involutions." In Theory of K-Loops, 83–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45817-3_8.

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Booth, Geoffrey L., and Nico J. Groenewald. "Special Radicals of Ω-Groups." In Nearrings, Nearfields and K-Loops, 211–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1481-0_12.

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Lockhart, Bob. "Products on Products on Groups." In Nearrings, Nearfields and K-Loops, 311–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1481-0_24.

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Scott, Stuart D. "The Structure of Ω-Groups." In Nearrings, Nearfields and K-Loops, 47–137. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1481-0_4.

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Kiechle, Hubert. "9. K-Loops from Classical Groups over Ordered Fields." In Theory of K-Loops, 107–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45817-3_10.

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Kiechle, Hubert. "11. K-loops from the General Linear Groups over Rings." In Theory of K-Loops, 143–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45817-3_12.

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Segal, G. B. "Loop groups." In Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 155–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0084589.

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Birkenmeier, Gary F., Henry E. Heatherly, and Günter F. Pilz. "Near-Rings and Rings Generated by Homomorphisms on Groups." In Nearrings, Nearfields and K-Loops, 199–210. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1481-0_11.

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Magill, Kenneth D. "Topological N-Groups Where the Nearrings are Real Nearrings." In Nearrings, Nearfields and K-Loops, 325–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1481-0_25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ground loops"

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Dufilie, P., and J. Desbois. "Modeling of feedthrough and ground loops in SAW filters." In 1993 IEEE Ultasonics Symposium. IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1993.339673.

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Bukhari, H., and K. Sarabandi. "Directional coupled sectorial loops antenna for Ground Penetrating Radars applications." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2010.5562308.

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Kriz, Alexander. "Ground Loops During Site Validation of Anechoic Rooms Below 30 MHz." In 2018 IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility & Signal/Power Integrity (EMCSI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emcsi.2018.8495323.

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Helwig, S. L., and N. O. Kozhevnikow. "Signal propagation at early times in transmitter-loops laying on top of conducting ground." In 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2006.1711720.

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Rayno, Jennifer, and Magdy F. Iskander. "Novel 3D loops and coils utilizing fourier series for low frequency AMC ground planes." In 2016 IEEE/ACES International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems (ICWITS) and Applied Computational Electromagnetics (ACES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ropaces.2016.7465349.

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Osman, Ashraf A., and Sameir M. Ali Hamed. "Exact field expressions for a concentric circular-loops antenna above a PEC ground plane." In 2015 International Conference on Computing, Control, Networking, Electronics and Embedded Systems Engineering (ICCNEEE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccneee.2015.7381432.

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Getchell, Jill, and J. Matthew Davis. "THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER FLOW ON THE DESIGN OF VERTICAL GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP GROUND LOOPS." In Joint 52nd Northeastern Annual Section and 51st North-Central Annual GSA Section Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017ne-291151.

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Wang, Yanan, Junwei Tian, Haoyu Niu, Peng Wang, Xiaozhong Liao, and Yangquan Chen. "Multi-Resolution Energy Strategy for Battery Management System of Unmanned Ground Vehicles in Agriculture." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97666.

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Abstract This paper has proposed a multi-resolution energy strategy for battery management system (BMS) of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) in farming. On the basis of “Smart Farm” definition, battery energy consumption and management have been taken into consideration during the working process and system control. A battery energy controller has been proposed for the low-cost ($1000) UGVs designed by our lab for farming usage. Moreover, three levels of energy control loops have been developed, that is, motor control, path planning, and mission arrangement. In this way, an energy-efficient UGV can prolong its working time and also decrease the cost. The three closed-loop energy strategy of BMS provides not only separate working methods for the three levels, but also a weights way to adjust the influence of three levels on the performance of the UGV in different tasks.
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Aoun, Youssef, Maya Kadi, and Charbel Bou-Mosleh. "Thermal Foundation Benefits and Efficiency." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71359.

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In this paper, a novel type of ground heat exchanger for geothermal applications is introduced. This heat exchanger is installed in the foundations of a commercial and residential building that has piles and diaphragm walls. This dramatically reduces the cost of the ground heat exchanger and makes the application more cost efficient with a payback period of 1–2 years compared to 10 years with the conventional vertical loops. The system will be detailed and its basic operation will be explained. In addition, test results of an in-situ thermal test response of a loop that is already installed in a foundation of a building in Beirut, Lebanon will also be presented. This test allows the approximation of the thermal conductivity of the ground and the amount of heat that is absorbed and extracted from and to the ground. The preliminary tests have given very promising results, since the ground is water dense and has a high thermal conductivity which increases the heat transfer between our heat exchanger installed in the foundation and the ground. In addition, in the current application, and around the foundation, there exists a lot of circulating water. This renders the application more and more efficient since the ground temperature will not fluctuate in the next 10 years.
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Fukasawa, Tsuyoshi, Shigeki Okamura, Tomohiko Yamamoto, and Tomoyoshi Watakabe. "Development on Rubber Bearings for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor: Part 6 — Proposal of New Type of Hysteresis Model for Ultimate Behavior." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65557.

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This paper describes a new type of hysteresis model applied for seismic response analysis, which provides restoring force characteristics containing various types of hysteresis loops generated by calculating differential equations, based on static breaking tests regarding thick rubber bearings. In order to reduce residual risk, there is increasing necessity to accurately predict seismic response against both design-basis ground motion and ground motion exceeding design-basis. This process of seismic response prediction is called seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA). In general, a restoring force of rubber bearing under large deformation due to a major earthquake has strong non-linear characteristics containing the hysteresis loops. To improve the accuracy of seismic response predictions up to the ultimate behavior in PRA, a new hysteresis model to be applicable up to the breaking point in horizontal and vertical directions is proposed by the authors. The features of the proposed hysteresis model are as follows: (1) The hysteresis characteristics obtained by the proposed model have smooth curves as substantive hysteresis loops measured in breaking tests. (2) The various types of hysteresis characteristics can be captured efficiently as initial value problems since the proposed model, consisting of differential equations, directly allows the skeleton function, and unaffected by hysteresis law such as Masing law. This paper indicates applicability of the proposed hysteresis model to seismic response analysis through comparison of results of the static breaking test with results of analytical, and also describes the breaking mode obtained by the seismic response analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Ground loops"

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Jarrell, Mark. Recovery Act: Cedarville School District Retrofit of Heating and Cooling Systems with Geothermal Heat Pumps and Ground Source Water Loops. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113632.

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Debroux, Patrick S. A Calibrated, Omnidirectional, LF Loop Antenna for GWEN (Ground Wave Emergency Network). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211264.

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Mittereder, N., and A. Poerschke. Ground Source Heat Pump Sub-Slab Heat Exchange Loop Performance in a Cold Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1111203.

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Mittereder, Nick, and Andrew Poerschke. Ground Source Heat Pump Sub-Slab Heat Exchange Loop Performance in a Cold Climate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220905.

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Palacky, G. J., and A. K. Sinha. Results of Ground Magnetic and Electromagnetic [Multifrequency, Horizontal - Loop] Measurements At Joannie Options, Snow Lake, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133232.

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Sinha, A. K., and G. J. Palacky. Ground Electromagnetic [Multifrequency, Horizontal - Loop] and Magnetic Survey Results Over the Linda-2 Deposit, Snow Lake, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133230.

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Palacky, G. J., and A. K. Sinha. Results of Ground Magnetic and Electromagnetic [Multifrequency, Horizontal - Loop] Measurements in the Cook Lake North area, Snow Lake, Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/133231.

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Price, Roz. Inclusion of Marginalised Groups in Sensitive Programming in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.090.

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This rapid review focuses on the different variations of discrimination against marginalized groups, with a focus on the effect of intersecting and overlapping inequalities and the different experiences and outcomes they have on the varied groups. It highlights how marginalized groups have been included in interventions addressing issues of discrimination in Pakistan. The review also looks into different change interventions that deliver inclusive outcomes for women, girls and persons with disabilities with a focus on preventing violence against those groups. The review notes that intersecting inequalities have led to different experiences and outcomes relating to discrimination. It states that there is a need to address the different groups facing discrimination in a way that addresses their specified experiences because the effects of discrimination are not the same for every person. The review states that in addressing discrimination for the different groups, programmes should pursue multiple entry points to promote non-discrimination, they should work in multiple sites within and across countries and they should work with multiple partners who play different roles in communities.
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Idris, Iffat. Increasing Birth Registration for Children of Marginalised Groups in Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.102.

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This review looks at approaches to promote birth registration among marginalised groups, in order to inform programming in Pakistan. It draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature, in particular reports by international development organizations. While there is extensive literature on rates of birth registration and the barriers to this, and consensus on approaches to promote registration, the review found less evidence of measures specifically aimed at marginalised groups. Gender issues are addressed to some extent, particularly in understanding barriers to registration, but the literature was largely disability-blind. The literature notes that birth registration is considered as a fundamental human right, allowing access to services such as healthcare and education; it is the basis for obtaining other identity documents, e.g. driving licenses and passports; it protects children, e.g. from child marriage; and it enables production of vital statistics to support government planning and resource allocation. Registration rates are generally lower than average for vulnerable children, e.g. from minority groups, migrants, refugees, children with disabilities. Discriminatory policies against minorities, restrictions on movement, lack of resources, and lack of trust in government are among the ‘additional’ barriers affecting the most marginalised. Women, especially unmarried women, also face greater challenges in getting births registered. General approaches to promoting birth registration include legal and policy reform, awareness-raising activities, capacity building of registration offices, integration of birth registration with health services/education/social safety nets, and the use of digital technology to increase efficiency and accessibility.
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Li, Howell, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza, Jijo K. Mathew, Woosung Kim, Jairaj Desai, Timothy Wells, and Darcy M. Bullock. Extraction of Vehicle CAN Bus Data for Roadway Condition Monitoring. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317212.

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Obtaining timely information across the state roadway network is important for monitoring the condition of the roads and operating characteristics of traffic. One of the most significant challenges in winter roadway maintenance is identifying emerging or deteriorating conditions before significant crashes occur. For instance, almost all modern vehicles have accelerometers, anti-lock brake (ABS) and traction control systems. This data can be read from the Controller Area Network (CAN) of the vehicle, and combined with GPS coordinates and cellular connectivity, can provide valuable on-the-ground sampling of vehicle dynamics at the onset of a storm. We are rapidly entering an era where this vehicle data can provide an agency with opportunities to more effectively manage their systems than traditional procedures that rely on fixed infrastructure sensors and telephone reports. This data could also reduce the density of roadway weather information systems (RWIS), similar to how probe vehicle data has reduced the need for micro loop or side fire sensors for collecting traffic speeds.
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