Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)"

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Sudakova, M. S., and M. L. Vladov. "PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR APPLICATION." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 2 (April 28, 2018): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2018-2-3-12.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) became very popular in the last decade in Russian federation. Not only scientific publications have been devoted to GPR but also articles in the press and TV programs on federal and local channels. Three directions of georadiolocation are considered in the article, which seem promising to the authors and will develop in the future: GPR ray tomography, GPR application with other geophysical methods and GPR using in permafrost regions. Examples of application of different methods of GPR data collection and processing are considered.
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Khan, Zehra, Tarun Sharma, Naiyara Khan, and Adil Ahmad Magray. "Soil exploration using ground penetrating radar." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012009.

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Abstract Geophysical methods are extensively utilized in the field of geology and in geotechnical engineering such as seismic, gravitational, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. These methods are used to locate or to understand conditions below the ground surface, and the physical properties of subsurface. GPR also known as Radio Detecting and Ranging is based on the electromagnetic waves. It is a specially designed radar unit for transmitting electromagnetic pulses below the ground instead of air. In GPR the medium is soil which is heterogeneous and has higher attenuation rate than air. This method is used to measure the length, depth or to locate the soil layers and its deposits. GPR is one of the most versatile sensors; it provides high resolution profiles for shallow depth. GPR has been used in diverse fields such as archaeology, non-destructive testing, probing underground caves, detecting landmines, mapping pipes and conduits, investigating the reinforcement and conditions of roads, bridges and airport runways, to name a few. Use of this technique/method is being extensively adopted from recent years because of its properties and vast applications. The main applications of GPR in subsurface mapping are: mapping of subsurface utility structures, detection and mapping of unexploded ordnance and mines, extraction of hazardous waste containers or unexploded ammunitions, maintenance or repair of subsurface structures. This paper presents an understanding of the concept or the need of GPR dedicated to civil engineering applications in general and in the field of geotechnical engineering in particular.
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Annan, A. Peter, Nectaria Diamanti, J. David Redman, and Steven R. Jackson. "Ground-penetrating radar for assessing winter roads." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): WA101—WA109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0138.1.

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Since its inception, ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been a very effective method for examining ice structure. The vast majority of early GPR use was focused on answering questions related to glaciology and ice sheets. More recently, as more and more activity occurs in arctic areas, managing ice structures for a variety of applications has created new uses for GPR. For the past 30–40 years, GPR use for assessing transportation routes over lakes, rivers, and sea ice has been reported, but, only in the last decade has routine application occurred. We have focused on the application of GPR for winter road safety, explained the operational requirements, discussed the current state of practice, and illustrated modern GPR instrumentation. Based on widespread field observations, we have provided information on the ice-layer thickness variation and the variability on GPR ice bottom reflection. Combining extensive GPR and ice auger data provided insight into the variability of electromagnetic wave velocity in ice. Extensive observations showed that velocity varies with ice thickness, and velocities are often considerably lower than observed in “pure” ice.
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Xiong, Zonghou, and Alan C. Tripp. "Ground‐penetrating radar responses of dispersive models." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 4 (July 1997): 1127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444213.

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Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) has been a very efficient tool for mapping shallow targets for applications such as those in geological engineering and environmental management (Fisher et al. 1992). Since the application of GPR depends on the complex electrical properties of the ground, it is important to study this dependence in all its manifestations. The depth of investigation for GPR applications depends strongly on the conductivity of the ground. If the ground is very conductive, GPR waves will be absorbed before they reach the target region. Earth materials can be dispersive, i.e., the conductivity and permittivity of rocks are frequency dependent (Levitskaya and Sternberg, 1994). This is especially true at high frequencies. GPR waves will also be absorbed in dispersive media. Hence modeling the GPR response in dispersive materials can reveal behaviors of importance in understanding field responses.
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Yuan, Hemin, Mahboubeh Montazeri, Majken C. Looms, and Lars Nielsen. "Diffraction imaging of ground-penetrating radar data." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): H1—H12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0269.1.

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Diffractions caused by, e.g., faults, fractures, and small-scale heterogeneity localized near the surface are often used in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection studies to constrain the subsurface velocity distribution using simple hyperbola fitting. Interference with reflected energy makes the identification of diffractions difficult. We have tailored and applied a diffraction imaging method to improve imaging for surface reflection GPR data. Based on a plane-wave destruction algorithm, the method can separate reflections from diffractions. Thereby, a better identification of diffractions facilitates an improved determination of GPR wave velocities and an optimized migration result. We determined the potential of this approach using synthetic and field data, and, for the field study, we also compare the estimated velocity structure with crosshole GPR results. For the field data example, we find that the velocity structure estimated using the diffraction-based process correlates well with results from crosshole GPR velocity estimation. Such improved velocity estimation may have important implications for using surface reflection GPR to map, e.g., porosity for fully saturated media or soil moisture changes in partially saturated media because these physical properties depend on the dielectric permittivity and thereby also the GPR wave velocity.
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Conyers, Lawrence B. "Ground-penetrating radar for anthropological research." Antiquity 84, no. 323 (March 1, 2010): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00099841.

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During its development years, geophysical survey has served field archaeology by defining possible sites underground, prior to excavation or preservation. Now we can see the art taking off as a research method in its own right. After summarising some recent research applications of magnetic mapping, the author gives us three case studies from USA and Jordan, where ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has produced new interpretations of prehistory and history. Since GPR can map in horizontal slices without damage, it opens up important heritage preservation options. In one case, excavation was discouraged on ethical grounds, in another it was inhibited by the presence of later monuments and in a third, an early agricultural site, the GPR actually saw more than the excavators. This presages a research tool of particular power.
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Maruddani, Baso, and Efri Sandi. "The Development of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Data Processing." International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing 9, no. 6 (December 2019): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmlc.2019.9.6.871.

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Nguyen, Van Thanh, Thuan Van Nguyen, Trung Hoai Dang, Triet Minh Vo, and Lieu Nguyen Nhu Vo. "GPRTVN – Processing ground penetrating radar data software." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, no. 5 (July 2, 2019): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i5.784.

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Designing and mapping underground construction works have been doing for years to meet urgent demands in urbanization process. In this field, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method has shown many advantages in determining underground structures. However, our country has almost no processing program that meets demands of processing and interpretation GPR data. This paper introduced GPRTVN processing program which was the research result of the Department of Geophysics for years. This program could process data of many present GPR equipments and quickly provide cross sections of existing underground constructions. It would be very useful for construction and building investigation companies in Vietnam.
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Slob, Evert, Motoyuki Sato, and Gary Olhoeft. "Surface and borehole ground-penetrating-radar developments." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 5 (September 2010): 75A103–75A120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3480619.

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During the past [Formula: see text], ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has evolved from a skeptically received glacier sounder to a full multicomponent 3D volume-imaging and characterization device. The tool can be calibrated to allow for quantitative estimates of physical properties such as water content. Because of its high resolution, GPR is a valuable tool for quantifying subsurface heterogeneity, and its ability to see nonmetallic and metallic objects makes it a useful mapping tool to detect, localize, and characterize buried objects. No tool solves all problems; so to determine whether GPR is appropriate for a given problem, studying the reasons for failure can provide an understanding of the basics, which in turn can help determine whether GPR is appropriate for a given problem. We discuss the specific aspects of borehole radar and describe recent developments to become more sensitiveto orientation and to exploit the supplementary information in different components in polarimetric uses of radar data. Multicomponent GPR data contain more diverse geometric information than single-channel data, and this is exploited in developed dedicated imaging algorithms. The evolution of these imaging schemes is discussed for ground-coupled and air-coupled antennas. For air-coupled antennas, the measured radiated wavefield can be used as the basis for the wavefield extrapolator in linear-inversion schemes with an imaging condition, which eliminates the source-time function and corrects for the measured radiation pattern. A handheld GPR system coupled with a metal detector is ready for routine use in mine fields. Recent advances in modeling, tomography, and full-waveform inversion, as well as Green’s function extraction through correlation and deconvolution, show much promise in this field.
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Edemsky, Dmitry, Alexei Popov, Igor Prokopovich, and Vladimir Garbatsevich. "Airborne Ground Penetrating Radar, Field Test." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040667.

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Deployment of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) on a flying machine allows one to substantially extend the application area of this geophysical method and to simplify carrying out large surveys of dangerous and hard-to-reach terrain, where usual ground-based methods are hardly applied. There is a necessity to promote investigations in this direction by modifying hardware characteristics and developing specific proceeding algorithms. For this purpose, we upgraded commercial ground-based subsurface sounding hardware and performed corresponding computer simulation and real experiments. Finally, the first experimental flights were done with the constructed GPR prototype mounted on a helicopter. Using our experience in the development of ground-based GPR and the results of numerical simulations, an appropriate configuration of antennas and their placing on the flying machine were chosen. Computer modeling allowed us to select an optimal resistive loading of transmitter and receiver dipoles; calculate radiation patterns on fixed frequencies; analyze the efficiency of different conductor diameters in antenna circuit; calculate cross-coupling of transmitting and receiving antennas with the helicopter. Preliminary laboratory experiments to check the efficiency of the designed system were performed on an urban building site, using a tower crane with the horizontal jib to operate the measuring system in the air above the ground area to be sounded. Both signals from the surface and subsurface objects were recorded. To interpret the results, numerical modeling was carried out. A two-dimensional model of our experiment was simulated, it matches well the experimental data. Laboratory experiments provided an opportunity to estimate the level of spurious reflections from the external objects, which helps to recognize weak signals from subsurface objects in GPR surveys under live conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)"

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Evans, Robert D. "Optimising ground penetrating radar (GPR) to assess pavements." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20465.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology has existed for many decades, but it has only been in the last 20 to 30 years that it has undergone great development for use in near surface ground investigations. The early 1980's saw the first major developments in the application of GPR for pavements (i.e. engineered structures designed to carry traffic loads), and it is now an established investigation technique, with generic information included in several national standard guidance documents. Analysis of GPR data can provide information on layer depths, material condition, moisture, voiding, reinforcement and location of other features. Assessing the condition of pavements, in order to plan subsequent maintenance, is essential to allow the efficient long-term functioning of the structure and GPR has enhanced and improved the range and certainty of information that can be obtained from pavement investigations. Despite the recent establishment of the technique in pavement investigation, the current situation is one in which GPR is used routinely for pavement projects in only a minority of countries, and the specialist nature of the technique and the sometimes variable results that are obtained can mean that there is both a lack of appreciation and a lack of awareness of the potential information that GPR can provide. The fact that GPR is still a developing technique, and that many aspects of its use are specialised in their nature, means that there are also several technical aspects of GPR pavement investigations which have not been fully researched, and knowledge of the response of GPR to some material conditions has not been fully established. The overall aim of this EngD research project was to provide improved pavement investigation capabilities by enhancing the methodologies and procedures used to obtain information from GPR. Several discrete research topics were addressed through various research methods including a literature review, fieldwork investigations, experimental laboratory investigations and a review of previously collected data. The findings of the research allowed conclusions and recommendations to be made regarding improved fieldwork methodologies, enhancing information and determining material condition from previously collected GPR data, assessing the effect of pavement temperature and moisture condition on GPR data and also on managing errors and uncertainty in GPR data. During the EngD project, a number of documents and presentations have been made to publicise the findings both within the EngD sponsoring company (Jacobs) and externally, and an in-house GPR capability has been established within Jacobs as a direct result of the EngD project.
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Chong, Aaron A. "Complementary GPR antennas and watertank testing /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16096.pdf.

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Al-Nuaimy, Waleed. "Automatic feature detection and interpretation in ground-penetrating radar data." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343705.

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Jiang, Wei. "Signal processing strategies for ground-penetrating radar." Thesis, University of Bath, 2011. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538111.

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Interpretation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) signals can be a key point in the overall operability of a GPR system. In stepped-frequency and Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW)GPR systems in particular, the target or object of interest is often located by analysis of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) derived data. Increasing the GPR system bandwidth can improve resolution, but at the cost of reduced penetrating depth. The challenge is to develop high-resolution signal processing strategies for GPR.A number of Fourier based methods are investigated. However, the main response over a target's position can make it difficult to recognise closely spaced targets. The Least-Suare method is found to be the best autoregression-based estimator. However the method requires high Signal-to-Noise ratio to achieve high- resolution. Furthermore a number of subspace-based methods are investigated. Although the MUItiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) method can theoretically offer infinite resolution, they must be seeded with the number of targets actually present. A superimposed MUSIC technique is proposed to suppress false targets. A novel windowed MUSIC (W-MUSIC) algorithm is developed, and it offers high resolution while still able to minimise spurious responses. Since the performance of any FMCW GPR is critically linked to the linearity of the sweep frequency, the non-linearity in the target range estimation is studied. A Novel Short-Time MUSIC method is proposed and higher time and frequency resolution is achieved than the conventional Short-Time Fourier Transform method. In addition a modified Adaptive Sampling method is proposed to solve the non-linear problem by utilising a reference channel in a GPR system.
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SOUZA, MICHELLE MATOS DE. "THE USE OF GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR) IN ENVIRONMENTAL SITE INVESTIGATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7719@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE PETRÓLEO
PROGRAMA DE APOIO A NÚCLEOS DE EXCELÊNCIA
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as potencialidades do método GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) em investigações de campo que englobam estudos hidrogeológicos, geotécnicos e ambientais. Para o alcance deste objetivo foram realizadas investigações de campo na região sudeste do Brasil procurando verificar a aplicabilidade deste método no conhecimento da subsuperfície. Os estudos englobaram a determinação da estratigrafia do solo identificando suas camadas e respectivas profundidades; a determinação da posição do lençol freático; a localização de estruturas enterradas e a detecção de possíveis anomalias decorrentes de contaminações. As seções obtidas com o GPR permitiram identificar com boa resolução os contrastes bruscos, como a posição do lençol freático e a localização das estruturas enterradas. A identificação dos contatos entre as camadas de solo foi possível quando as propriedades elétricas destes materiais se diferiam bastante. Já no que diz respeito ao mapeamento de regiões contaminadas, ainda se faz necessário à realização de uma maior quantidade de estudos para afirmar a eficiência do GPR para este objetivo. A utilização da técnica da reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR) foi muito útil para correlacionar a velocidade de propagação das ondas eletromagnéticas com a profundidade. O seu emprego permitiu aumentar a exatidão da determinação das profundidades dos alvos de interesse.
The present work aims to assess the adequacy of the ground penetrating radar as a screening tool in site in site investigation practice in hydrogeological, geotechnical and environmental studies. An extensive site investigation program was carrid out in Southeast Brazil looking for characterizing the subsurface. Tests were performed to determine the statigraphy of soil profiles, the position of the water level, the detection of buried structures and contamination. The results have shown a great deal of success in identifying water levels and buried structures. Soil surface were only identified when abrupt changes in the dielectric constant of the porous media were observed. Howerer, the results so far do not enable to delineate contamination plumes with the accuracy desired. The accuracy of the target depths were greatly improved by using the result of the dielectric constant measured by the time domain reflectometry (TDR)
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Jazayeri, Sajad. "Full-waveform Inversion of Common-Offset Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7815.

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Maintenance of aging buried infrastructure and reinforced concrete are critical issues in the United States. Inexpensive non-destructive techniques for mapping and imaging infrastructure and defects are an integral component of maintenance. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a widely-used non-destructive tool for locating buried infrastructure and for imaging rebar and other features of interest to civil engineers. Conventional acquisition and interpretation of GPR profiles is based on the arrival times of strong reflected/diffracted returns, and qualitative interpretation of return amplitudes. Features are thereby generally well located, but their material properties are only qualitatively assessed. For example, in the typical imaging of buried pipes, the average radar wave velocity through the overlying soil is estimated, but the properties of the pipe itself are not quantitatively resolved. For pipes on the order of the radar wavelength (<5-35 cm), pipe dimensions and infilling material remain ambiguous. Full waveform inversion (FWI) methods exploit the entire radar return rather than the time and peak amplitude. FWI can generate better quantitative estimates of subsurface properties. In recent decades FWI methods, developed for seismic oil exploration, have been adapted and advanced for GPR with encouraging results. To date, however, FWI methods for GPR data have not been specifically tuned and applied on surface collected common offset GPR data, which are the most common type of GPR data for engineering applications. I present an effective FWI method specifically tailored for common-offset GPR data. This method is composed of three main components, the forward modeling, wavelet estimation and inversion tools. For the forward modeling and iterative data inversion I use two open-source software packages, gprMax and PEST. The source wavelet, which is the most challenging component that guarantees the success of the method, is estimated with a novel Sparse Blind Deconvolution (SBD) algorithm that I have developed. The present dissertation indicates that with FWI, GPR can yield better quantitative estimates, for example, of both the diameters of small pipes and rebar and their electromagnetic properties (permittivity, conductivity). Also better estimates of electrical properties of the surrounding media (i.e. soil or concrete) are achieved with FWI.
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Zhang, Di. "Measurement of Soil Water Content Using Ground Penetrating Radar." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99347.

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Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is an effective tool to measure the geological properties. A lot of information can be interpreted from the GPR data, such as soil water content. One of the common approaches is to determine the apparent electrical permittivity from the transmission velocity of the impulse electromagnetic wave, and to use empirical relationships to estimate the soil water content. For example, Ferre equation & Topp equation are all expressing the relationship between soil water content and electrical permittivity. However, this method has some limitations; most notably the necessity to determine the velocity from a known depth to a reflecting surface. Therefore, another approach using the frequency dependent attenuation represented by a parameter called Q* was tested and studied in this thesis. The Q* method was evaluated using laboratory measurements, which consists of a series of experiments. A new empirical model was established using experiments where Q* was estimated from measurements on a soil sample with known water contents using two types of antennas (1.6 GHz & 2.3 GHz). Finally, the adaptability of Topp equation and Ferre equation were verified, and a new empirical equation was defined. What’s more, the other method using Q* was proved to be feasible.
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Vorster, Daniel Jacobus. "The use of ground penetrating radar for track substructure characterization." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25426.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been used as a railway substructure investigation tool since the late 1990’s and has seen significant development since then. To use GPR as a more effective tool for substructure investigation, a GPR substructure characterization model was developed. This dissertation provides a detailed description of railway track components, track geometry, soil properties and classification and substructure design. The historical background of GPR is discussed together with GPR principles, basic GPR equations, hardware and accessories as well as GPR data collection, processing and interpretation. Other in situ investigation techniques namely the dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP), light weight deflectometer (LWD) , Pencel pressuremeter, surface wave testing, remote video monitoring (RVM), multi-depth deflectometers (MDD) and continuous track modulus measurement techniques are also discussed. A comparison between the different track investigation techniques was also done, with reference to sample rate, cost, effectiveness and value. Two sites in South Africa were selected for the investigation, one with good substructure conditions used for heavy haul coal export close to Vryheid (KN test section) and the other a general freight line with poor substructure conditions near Rustenburg (NT test section). These two sites were selected to develop a GPR substructure characterization model as they provided conditions ranging from poor to very good. This was supported by the analysis of the in situ soil sampling and testing. The calculation of the track substructure modulus from RVM deflection measurements showed three times higher values for the KN test section compared to the NT test section. The subballast and subgrade thickness, the GPR ballast fouling (GBF) index as well as the GPR moisture condition index was used for the classification ranges used in the model. The subballast and subgrade layer roughness values were calculated and used for the substructure classification. The GBF index and the GPR moisture condition roughness were used for the GPR fouling index classification. The GPR deliverables were divided into four classes (i.e. very good, good, moderate and poor). The evaluation of the characterization model showed that a traditional in situ investigation will cost approximately 3.7 times more than that of a GPR investigation. It would also take two thirds of the time to complete the GPR investigation compared to the traditional in situ investigation. The study showed that GPR can be used to develop a substructure characterization model and that it would be more cost effective and efficient than traditional in situ investigation techniques. GPR surveys provide continuous measurements of the track structure condition and can therefore provide a continuous classification unlike the discreet and fragmented nature of in situ investigations. However, in situ tests can be done at certain intervals within the GPR survey or at point where the GPR classification is not clear. The best solution for railway track characterization can therefore be obtained by using GPR and in situ classification in combination.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Civil Engineering
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Wamweya, Amos. "Application of ground penetrating radar (GPR) for bridge deck condition assessment: using a 1.5 GHz ground-coupled antenna." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Wamweya_09007dcc805d2ffd.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2009.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed February 18, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-107).
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Devaru, Dayakar. "Ground penetrating radar (GPR) based system for nondestructive detection of interior defects in wooden logs." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4955.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 128 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-107).
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Books on the topic "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)"

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S, Baker Gregory, and Jol H. M, eds. Stratigraphic analyses using GPR. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 2007.

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K, Koppenjan Steven, Lee Hua 1952-, University of California, Santa Barbara., Bechtel Nevada/Special Technologies Laboratory, GroundProbe (Australia), and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. GPR 2002: Ninth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar : [April 29-May 2, 2002, Santa Barbara, Calif.]. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2002.

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Gołębiowski, Tomisław. Zastosowanie metody georadarowej do detekcji i monitoringu obiektów o stochastycznym rozkładzie w ośrodku geologicznym: Application of the GPR method for detection and monitoring of objects with stochastical distribution in the geological medium. Kraków: Wydawnictwa AGH, 2012.

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Roth, Michelle L. Sample analysis and modeling to determine GPR capability for mapping fluvial mine tailings in the Coeur d'Alene River channel. [Denver, CO]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Sample analysis and modeling to determine GPR capability for mapping fluvial mine tailings in the Coeur d'Alene River channel. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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1971-, Crocco Lorenzo, Orlando Luciana, Persico Raffaele 1969-, Pieraccini Massimiliano, and Curran Associates, eds. 2010 13th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, (GPR 2010): Lecce, Italy, 21-25 June 2010. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE, 2010.

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Radar, International Conference on Ground Penetrating. GPR '94: Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, June 12-16, 1994, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. Waterloo, Ont: Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research, 1994.

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International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar. GPR 2000: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar : [Gold Coast, Australia, 23-26 May, 2000]. Edited by Noon David A, Stickley Glen F, Longstaff Dennis, University of Queensland, Cooperative Research Centre for Sensor Signal and Information Processing., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia), and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 2000.

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C, Slob Evert, Yarovoy Alex G, and Rhebergen Jan B, eds. Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004: 21-24 June 2004, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. Piscataway, N.J: IEEE, 2004.

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Daniels, D. J. Ground penetrating radar. 2nd ed. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)"

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Novo, Alexandre. "Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR)." In Natural Science in Archaeology, 165–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01784-6_9.

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Economou, Nikos, Antonis Vafidis, Francesco Benedetto, and Amir M. Alani. "GPR Data Processing Techniques." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 281–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_11.

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Pajewski, Lara, Fabio Tosti, and Wolfgang Kusayanagi. "Antennas for GPR Systems." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 41–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_2.

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Catapano, Ilaria, Andrea Randazzo, Evert Slob, and Raffaele Solimene. "GPR Imaging Via Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 239–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_10.

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Núñez-Nieto, Xavier, Mercedes Solla, and Henrique Lorenzo. "Applications of GPR for Humanitarian Assistance and Security." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 301–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_12.

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Pérez-Gracia, Vega, and Mercedes Solla. "Inspection Procedures for Effective GPR Surveying of Buildings." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 97–123. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_4.

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Manacorda, Guido, Raffaele Persico, and Howard F. Scott. "Design of Advanced GPR Equipment for Civil Engineering Applications." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 3–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_1.

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Krysiński, Lech, and Johannes Hugenschmidt. "Effective GPR Inspection Procedures for Construction Materials and Structures." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 147–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_6.

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Gustafsson, Jaana. "Case: lake bottom investigations with ground penetrating radar (GPR)." In Engineering Geophysics, 283–85. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003184676-46.

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Stryk, Josef, Amir M. Alani, Radek Matula, and Karel Pospisil. "Innovative Inspection Procedures for Effective GPR Surveying of Critical Transport Infrastructures (Pavements, Bridges and Tunnels)." In Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar, 71–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04813-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)"

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Annan, A. P., and S. W. Cosway. "GPR frequency selection." In Fifth International Conferention on Ground Penetrating Radar. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.300.55.

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Peters Jr., Leon, Michael Poirier, and Mark Barnes. "General Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) concepts." In Fourth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.303.1.

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Berthelier, Jean-Jacques, Richard Ney, A. Meyer, M. Hamelin, C. LeGac, F. Costard, A. Reineix, et al. "GPR on Mars NetLander." In 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, edited by David A. Noon, Glen F. Stickley, and Dennis Longstaff. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.383508.

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Robillard, C., P. Nicolas, P. Amirat, M. Gariepy, and F. Goupil. "Shallow bedrock profiling using GPR." In Fifth International Conferention on Ground Penetrating Radar. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.300.87.

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Van Gestel, Jean-Paul, and Paul L. Stoffa. "Migration using multiconfiguration GPR data." In 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, edited by David A. Noon, Glen F. Stickley, and Dennis Longstaff. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.383610.

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Wang, Huilian. "GPR work in China: in commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the CUG GPR activity." In 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, edited by David A. Noon, Glen F. Stickley, and Dennis Longstaff. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.383599.

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Annan, A. P., S. W. Cosway, and T. Sigurdsson. "GPR for snow pack water content." In Fifth International Conferention on Ground Penetrating Radar. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.300.33.

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Parry, N. S., and J. L. Davis. "GPR systems for roads and bridges." In Fourth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.303.32.

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Chen, How-Wei, and Huei-Chui Kao. "GPR archaeological investigation in central Taiwan." In 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, edited by David A. Noon, Glen F. Stickley, and Dennis Longstaff. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.383536.

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Daniels, David J., C. Martel, and Michael Philippakis. "Progress in GPR for mine detection." In 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, edited by David A. Noon, Glen F. Stickley, and Dennis Longstaff. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.383571.

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Reports on the topic "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)"

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Campos, D. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/291772.

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Cook, Samantha, Marissa Torres, Nathan Lamie, Lee Perren, Scott Slone, and Bonnie Jones. Automated ground-penetrating-radar post-processing software in R programming. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45621.

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Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive geophysical technique used to create images of the subsurface. A major limitation of GPR is that a subject matter expert (SME) needs to post-process and interpret the data, limiting the technique’s use. Post-processing is time-intensive and, for detailed processing, requires proprietary software. The goal of this study is to develop automated GPR post-processing software, compatible with Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc. (GSSI) data, in open-source R programming. This would eliminate the need for an SME to process GPR data, remove proprietary software dependencies, and render GPR more accessible. This study collected GPR profiles by using a GSSI SIR4000 control unit, a 100 MHz antenna, and a Trimble GPS. A standardized method for post-processing data was then established, which includes static data removal, time-zero correction, distance normalization, data filtering, and stacking. These steps were scripted and automated in R programming, excluding data filtering, which was used from an existing package, RGPR. The study compared profiles processed using GSSI software to profiles processed using the R script developed here to ensure comparable functionality and output. While an SME is currently still necessary for interpretations, this script eliminates the need for one to post-process GSSI GPR data.
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Ray, Laura, Madeleine Jordan, Steven Arcone, Lynn Kaluzienski, Benjamin Walker, Peter Ortquist Koons, James Lever, and Gordon Hamilton. Velocity field in the McMurdo shear zone from annual ground penetrating radar imaging and crevasse matching. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42623.

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The McMurdo shear zone (MSZ) is strip of heavily crevassed ice oriented in the south-north direction and moving northward. Previous airborne surveys revealed a chaotic crevasse structure superimposed on a set of expected crevasse orientations at 45 degrees to the south-north flow (due to shear stress mechanisms). The dynamics that produced this chaotic structure are poorly understood. Our purpose is to present our field methodology and provide field data that will enable validation of models of the MSZ evolution, and here, we present a method for deriving a local velocity field from ground penetrating radar (GPR) data towards that end. Maps of near-surface crevasses were derived from two annual GPR surveys of a 28 km² region of the MSZ using Eulerian sampling. Our robot-towed and GPS navigated GPR enabled a dense survey grid, with transects of the shear zone at 50 m spacing. Each survey comprised multiple crossings of long (> 1 km) crevasses that appear in echelon on the western and eastern boundaries of the shear zone, as well as two or more crossings of shorter crevasses in the more chaotic zone between the western and eastern boundaries. From these maps, we derived a local velocity field based on the year-to-year movement of the same crevasses. Our velocity field varies significantly from fields previously established using remote sensing and provides more detail than one concurrently derived from a 29-station GPS network. Rather than a simple velocity gradient expected for crevasses oriented approximately 45 degrees to flow direction, we find constant velocity contours oriented diagonally across the shear zone with a wavy fine structure. Although our survey is based on near-surface crevasses, similar crevassing found in marine ice at 160 m depth leads us to conclude that this surface velocity field may hold through the body of meteoric and marine ice. Our success with robot-towed GPR with GPS navigation suggests we may greatly increase our survey areas.
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Sinfield, Joseph, and Hao Bai. Nondestructive Evaluation of the Condition of Subsurface Drainage in Pavements Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Purdue University, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284315227.

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Campbell, Seth, Rosa Affleck, and Samantha Sinclair. Ground-penetrating radar studies of permafrost, periglacial, and near-surface geology at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45320.

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Installations built on ice, permafrost, or seasonal frozen ground require careful design to avoid melting issues. Therefore, efforts to rebuild McMurdo Station, Antarctica, to improve operational efficiency and consolidate energy resources require knowledge of near-surface geology. Both 200 and 400 MHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected in McMurdo during January, October, and November of 2015 to detect the active layer, permafrost, excess ice, fill thickness, solid bedrock depth, and buried utilities or construction and waste debris. Our goal was to ultimately improve surficial geology knowledge from a geotechnical perspective. Radar penetration ranged between approximately 3 and 10 m depth for the 400 and 200 MHz antennas, respectively. Both antennas successfully detect buried utilities and near-surface stratified material to ~0.5–3.0 m whereas 200 MHz profiles were more useful for mapping deeper stratified and un-stratified fill over bedrock. Artificially generated excess ice which appears to have been created from runoff, water pooling and refreezing, aspect shading from buildings, and snowpack buried under fill, are prevalent. Results show that McMurdo Station has a complex myriad of ice-rich fill, scoria, fractured volcanic bedrock, permafrost, excess ice, and buried anthropogenically generated debris, each of which must be considered during future construction.
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Simms, Janet, Benjamin Breland, and William Doll. Geophysical investigation to assess condition of grouted scour hole : Old River Control Complex—Low Sill Concordia Parish, Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41863.

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Geophysical surveys, both land-based and water-borne, were conducted at the Old River Control Complex‒Low Sill, Concordia Parish, LA. The purpose of the surveys was to assess the condition of the grout within the scour region resulting from the 1973 flood event, including identification of potential voids within the grout. Information from the ground studies will also be used for calibration of subsequent marine geophysical data and used in stability analysis studies. The water-borne survey consisted of towed low frequency (16-80 MHz) ground penetrating radar (GPR), whereas the land-based surveys used electrical resistivity and seismic refraction. The GPR survey was conducted in the Old River Channel on the upstream side of the Low Sill structure. The high electrical conductivity of the water (~50 mS/m) precluded penetration of the GPR signal; thus, no useful data were obtained. The land-based surveys were performed on both northeast and southeast sides of the Low Sill structure. Both resistivity and seismic surveys identify a layered subsurface stratigraphy that corresponds, in general, with available borehole data and constructed geologic profiles. In addition, an anomalous area on the southeast side was identified that warrants future investigation and monitoring.
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He, Rui, Na (Luna) Lu, and Jan Olek. Development of In-Situ Sensing Method for the Monitoring of Water-Cement (w/c) Values and the Effectiveness of Curing Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317377.

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As the most widely used construction material, concrete is very durable and can provide long service life without extensive maintenance. The strength and durability of concrete are primarily influenced by the initial water-cement ratio value (w/c), and the curing condition during the hardening process also influences its performance. The w/c value is defined as the total mass of free water that can be consumed by hydration divided by the total mass of cement and any additional pozzolanic material such as fly ash, slag, silica fume. Once placed, field concrete pavements are routinely cured with liquid membrane-forming compounds. For laboratory study, concrete samples are usually cured in saturated lime water or a curing room with a relative humidity (RH) value higher than 95%. Thus, the effectiveness of curing compounds for field concrete needs to be studied. In this study, the dielectric constant value of plastic concrete was measured by ground penetrating radar (GPR). The w/c value of the plastic concrete was calculated by a mathematical model from the measured dielectric constant value. The calculated w/c value was compared with the microwave oven drying measurement determined result in AASHTO T318. A modified coarse aggregate correction factor was proposed and applied in microwave oven drying measurement to determine the w/c value of plastic concrete in AASHTO T318. The effectiveness of curing compound was evaluated by field concrete slabs by GPR measurement. It was found that GPR can be a promising NDT method for In this study, the dielectric constant value of plastic concrete was measured by ground penetrating radar (GPR). The w/c value of the plastic concrete was calculated by a mathematical model from the measured dielectric constant value. The calculated w/c value was compared with the microwave oven drying measurement determined result in AASHTO T318. A modified coarse aggregate correction factor was proposed and applied in microwave oven drying measurement to determine the w/c value of plastic concrete in AASHTO T318. The effectiveness of curing compound was evaluated by field concrete slabs by GPR measurement. It was found that GPR can be a promising NDT method for w/c determination of plastic concrete and curing effectiveness evaluation method for hardened concrete.
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Lever, James, Allan Delaney, Laura Ray, E. Trautman, Lynette Barna, and Amy Burzynski. Autonomous GPR surveys using the polar rover Yeti. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43600.

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The National Science Foundation operates stations on the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland to investigate Earth’s climate history, life in extreme environments, and the evolution of the cosmos. Understandably, logistics costs predominate budgets due to the remote locations and harsh environments involved. Currently, manual ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys must preceed vehicle travel across polar ice sheets to detect subsurface crevasses or other voids. This exposes the crew to the risks of undetected hazards. We have developed an autonomous rover, Yeti, specifically to conduct GPR surveys across polar ice sheets. It is a simple four-wheel-drive, battery-powered vehicle that executes autonomous surveys via GPS waypoint following. We describe here three recent Yeti deployments, two in Antarctica and one in Greenland. Our key objective was to demonstrate the operational value of a rover to locate subsurface hazards. Yeti operated reliably at −30 ◦C, and it has good oversnow mobility and adequate GPS accuracy for waypoint-following and hazard georeferencing. It has acquired data on hundreds of crevasse encounters to improve our understanding of heavily crevassed traverse routes and to develop automated crevasse-detection algorithms. Importantly, it helped to locate a previously undetected buried building at the South Pole. Yeti can improve safety by decoupling survey personnel from the consequences of undetected hazards. It also enables higher-quality systematic surveys to improve hazard-detection probabilities, increase assessment confidence, and build datasets to understand the evolution of these regions. Yeti has demonstrated that autonomous vehicles have great potential to improve the safety and efficiency of polar logistics.
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Cheng, Peng, James V. Krogmeier, Mark R. Bell, Joshua Li, and Guangwei Yang. Detection and Classification of Concrete Patches by Integrating GPR and Surface Imaging. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317320.

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This research considers the detection, location, and classification of patches in concrete and asphalt-on-concrete pavements using data taken from ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the WayLink 3D Imaging System. In particular, the project seeks to develop a patching table for “inverted-T” patches. A number of deep neural net methods were investigated for patch detection from 3D elevation and image observation, but the success was inconclusive, partly because of a dearth of training data. Later, a method based on thresholding IRI values computed on a 12-foot window was used to localize pavement distress, particularly as seen by patch settling. This method was far more promising. In addition, algorithms were developed for segmentation of the GPR data and for classification of the ambient pavement and the locations and types of patches found in it. The results so far are promising but far from perfect, with a relatively high rate of false alarms. The two project parts were combined to produce a fused patching table. Several hundred miles of data was captured with the Waylink System to compare with a much more limited GPR dataset. The primary dataset was captured on I-74. A software application for MATLAB has been written to aid in automation of patch table creation.
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Cheng, Peng, James V. Krogmeier, Mark R. Bell, Joshua Li, and Guangwei Yang. Detection and Classification of Concrete Patches by Integrating GPR and Surface Imaging. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317320.

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This research considers the detection, location, and classification of patches in concrete and asphalt-on-concrete pavements using data taken from ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the WayLink 3D Imaging System. In particular, the project seeks to develop a patching table for “inverted-T” patches. A number of deep neural net methods were investigated for patch detection from 3D elevation and image observation, but the success was inconclusive, partly because of a dearth of training data. Later, a method based on thresholding IRI values computed on a 12-foot window was used to localize pavement distress, particularly as seen by patch settling. This method was far more promising. In addition, algorithms were developed for segmentation of the GPR data and for classification of the ambient pavement and the locations and types of patches found in it. The results so far are promising but far from perfect, with a relatively high rate of false alarms. The two project parts were combined to produce a fused patching table. Several hundred miles of data was captured with the Waylink System to compare with a much more limited GPR dataset. The primary dataset was captured on I-74. A software application for MATLAB has been written to aid in automation of patch table creation.
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