Academic literature on the topic 'Ground response spectrum'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Ground response spectrum.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Ground response spectrum"
1
Seifried, A. E., and J. W. Baker. "Spectral Variability and Its Relationship to Structural Response Estimated from Scaled and Spectrum-Matched Ground Motions." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 4 (2016): 2191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/061515eqs094m.
Full textAbstract:
Conditional spectral dispersion ( CSD) is a measure of response spectrum variability that implicitly characterizes the variety of spectral shapes within a suite of ground motions. It is used here to explain the discrepancy between median structural demands estimated from different suites of scaled and spectrum-matched ground motions. Performing response history analyses with spectrum-matched ground motions is known to result in unconservatively biased median demand estimates in some cases. Herein, several suites of scaled ground motions with equivalent median intensities and varying levels of CSD are selected. A single suite of spectrum-matched ground motions is also created. These records are used to analyze the responses of inelastic single-degree-of-freedom and first-mode-dominated multiple-degree-of-freedom structural systems. Collapse capacities are also examined. A consistent trend between CSD and resulting median responses indicates that the bias phenomenon can be fully explained by an asymmetric relationship between conditional spectral ordinates at periods affecting inelastic response.
2
Laminou, Lawali Moussa, and Xinghua Chen. "Spectral Representation-Based Multidimensional Nonstationary Ground Motion Model for Seismic Reliability Analysis of Frame Structures." Shock and Vibration 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5592249.
Full textAbstract:
A framework for a multidimensional nonstationary ground motion model based on spectral representation theory is proposed in this paper. The multidimensional nonstationary ground motion model is built from a local target to fit the multidimensional response spectrum. A four-stage modulation function takes into account the multidimensional intensity correlation and the modified Clough–Penzien (C-P) power spectrum with parameter correlation, which represent the two main aspects, the modulation function and the power spectrum of constructing the multidimensional nonstationary ground motion model. A multidimensional response spectrum constructed according to the standardizing response spectrum is used as the fitting target response spectrum. Samples of random ground motion for random seismic response and dynamic reliability study are finally obtained. The random seismic responses are then combined with the probability density evolution method (PDEM) to carry out the seismic reliability analysis of a randomly base-excited moment-resisting frame structure. In the numerical analysis, the nonlinear seismic responses and reliability of a 10-story reinforced concrete frame structure are carefully investigated in accordance with the Egyptian seismic code. As a result, the effectiveness of the proposed method is fully demonstrated.
3
Ho, Carlton L., Karen Kornher, and George Tsiatas. "Ground Motion Model for Puget Sound Cohesionless Soil Sites." Earthquake Spectra 7, no. 2 (1991): 237–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585627.
Full textAbstract:
Surface response spectra for earthquake events must be based upon proper input seismic modelling. The surface response spectrum can be determined by convoluting a base response spectrum with a spectral amplification for the site. This required that an appropriate base spectrum of the earthquake motion and soil response model must have been used to develop the surface response spectra. Earthquakes in the Puget Sound basin are generally deep focus subduction zone events. These earthquakes are significantly different than the shallow focus strike slip events of California which are commonly used for this purpose. The spectral site amplification must be determined for the soils of the region. This paper considers the cohesionless soil sites only. The computer program SHAKE was used to evaluate the spectral amplification of different sites. Parameters for SHAKE were determined from Standard Penetration Test data. Parametric sensitivity studies were conducted for the spectral site amplification.
4
Wang, Li Ping, and Yao Zhao. "Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Slope Terrain on Characteristics of Horizontal and Vertical Ground Motion Response Spectrum." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 2279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.2279.
Full textAbstract:
All previous earthquake damage show earthquake damage of the buildings on the slope is serious than the buildings on flat ground, so it is important to analyze of the influence of slope terrain on characteristics of horizontal and vertical ground motion response spectrum. The horizontal and vertical seismic elastic responses of 28 viscoelastic rocky slopes by white noises excited, with height of 10m to70m and slope of 15°to 60°, are calculated by numerical finite element analysis method. The influence laws of height and degree of slope on horizontal and vertical ground motion response spectrum and response spectral ratio are analyzed. The distribution laws of the corresponding period of the maximum of response spectral ratios are contrasted. The maximum of amplification factor of design horizontal and vertical ground motion for structures on rock slopes are given to be the references to code for seismic design of building structures.
5
Yuliastuti, Yuliastuti, Heri Syaeful, Arifan J. Syahbana, Euis E. Alhakim, and Tagor M. Sembiring. "ONE DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS AT THE NON-COMMERCIAL NUCLEAR REACTOR SITE, SERPONG - INDONESIA." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 36, no. 2 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2021.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
One dimensional seismic response analysis on the ground surface of the Non-Commercial Power Reactor (RDNK) site based on the mean uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) and disaggregation analysis has been conducted. The study’s objective was to perform an analysis on site-specific response spectra on the ground surface based on existing mean UHS and disaggregation data of the site that correspond to a 1,000 and 10,000 year return period of earthquakes in compliance with the national nuclear regulatory body requirements of Indonesia. Detailed site characterization was defined based on secondary data of a geotechnical drill-hole, seismic cross-hole, downhole data, and microtremor array data. The dynamic site characteristic analysis was presented along with strong motion selection and processing using two types of strong motion datasets. An investigation of strong motion selection, spectral matching, and scaling has been presented as an essential step in ground motion processing. One-dimensional equivalent linear analysis simulation was performed by computing the processed ground motions. A seismic design spectrum and ground surface response spectra from the two datasets of strong motion, both corresponding to a 10,000 and 1,000 year return period, are presented at the end of this study. This study has shown that in order to establish the appropriate seismic response design spectrum, site-specific data and seismic hazard analysis must be immensely considered.
6
Lu, Xinzheng, Qingle Cheng, Yuan Tian, and Yuli Huang. "Regional Ground-Motion Simulation Using Recorded Ground Motions." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 111, no. 2 (2021): 825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200243.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Regional ground-motion simulation is important for postearthquake seismic damage assessment. Herein, a ground-motion simulation method using recorded ground motions is proposed. Inverse-distance-weighted interpolation of the response spectra is performed to obtain the response spectrum at the target location. Then the ground-motion time history for the target location is obtained by correcting the nearest-station records using the continuous wavelet transform. An evaluation measure for the accuracy of the predicted ground motion, that is, the response-spectrum error, is introduced, and its relationship with the seismic damage of regional buildings is determined via a city-scale nonlinear time-history analysis. The response-spectrum errors under different site conditions, distances, and elevation differences are analyzed. The application conditions for the proposed method are subsequently outlined. The Tsinghua campus is examined as a case study to validate the method. Finally, downtown San Francisco under an Mw 7.0 simulated earthquake on the Hayward fault is selected as an example to demonstrate the proposed method. The proposed method overcomes the difficulties in determining the intrastation ground motions and provides valuable input to postearthquake seismic damage assessment.
7
Takewaki, Izuru. "Response Spectrum Method for Nonlinear Surface Ground Analysis." Advances in Structural Engineering 7, no. 6 (2004): 503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1369433042863233.
Full text
8
Poznyak, Elena, Viktor Chirkov, Alexei Bugaevsky, Valery Simbirkin, and Victor Kurnavin. "Response spectrum method for spatial seismic ground motion." Vibroengineering PROCEDIA 38 (June 28, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/vp.2021.22039.
Full text
9
Bhattarai, Shishir, and Prem Nath Maskey. "Effect of Linear Soil Condition on Seismic Inputs." Technical Journal 2, no. 1 (2020): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tj.v2i1.32829.
Full textAbstract:
Seismic inputs to structures in terms of risk consistent response spectrum and seismic hazard curves are developed at bedrock level considering ten independent seismic source zone in the vicinity of the Kathmandu valley. The seismic hazard curve is derived by assuming temporal occurrence of earthquakes to follow Poisson model. Response spectrum is developed using an empirical relationship of spectral ordinates with magnitude of earthquakes and epicentral distance. The seismic risk factor is introduced in response spectrum using conditional probabilities. Power spectral density function consistent with response spectrum is derived and ground acceleration time histories are derived from power spectral density function using Monte Carlo technique. To obtain free field hazard curves and ground motion parameters, one dimensional wave propagation analysis is used for two different underlying soil conditions.
10
Chen, Zhuo Shi, Xiao Ming Yuan, and Shang Jiu Meng. "Ground Response of Seasonal Frozen Site under Moderate Intensity Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.682.
Full textAbstract:
The seasonal permafrost is widely distributed in China. Seismic Design Code (GB50011-2010) assumes that the soil temperature is above 0°C, which lacks the analysis of seasonally frozen soil. This article considered various sources of shear wave velocity variability and the frozen depth variability and calculated the ground response spectrums of the sites with seasonal frozen soil. The results shows that when Class1 and Class2 venues with thinner overlying soil and higher shear wave velocities their peaks of response spectrum with frozen soil will higher than that without permafrost. In the design the spectrums with frozen soil need to be calculated independently. In Class 3 and Class4 venues the response spectrums are essentially coincident, so the design only need calculate the spectrums under normal condition.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ground response spectrum"
1
Rana, Suman. "RISK-TARGETED GROUND MOTION FOR PERFORMANCE- BASED BRIDGE DESIGN." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2137.
Full textAbstract:
The seismic design maps on ASCE 7-05, International Building Code- 2006/2009, assumed uniform hazard ground motion with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years for the entire conterminous U.S. But, Luco et al in 2007 pointed out that as uncertainties in collapse capacity exists in structures, an adjustment on uniform hazard ground motion was proposed to develop new seismic design maps. Thus, risk-targeted ground motion with 1% probability collapse in 50 years is adopted on ASCE 7-10. Even though these seismic design maps are developed for buildings, performance-based bridge design is done using same maps. Because significance difference lies on design procedure of buildings and bridges this thesis suggests some adjustment should be made on uncertainty in the collapse capacity(β) when using for bridge design. This research is done in 3 cities of U.S— San Francisco, New Madrid and New York. Hazard curve is drawn using 2008 version of USGS hazard maps and risk- targeted ground motion is calculated using equation given by Luco et al adjusting the uncertainty in collapse capacity(β) to be 0.9 for bridge design instead of 0.8 as used for buildings. The result is compared with existing result from ASCE 7-10, which uses β=0.6. The sample design response spectrum for site classes A, B, C and D is computed for all 3 cities using equations given in ASCE 7-10 for all β. The design response spectrum curves are analyzed to concluded that adjustment on uncertainty in collapse capacity should be done on ASCE 7-10 seismic design maps to be used for performance-based bridge design.
2
Isbiliroglu, Levent. "Strategy for Selecting Input Ground Motion for Structural Seismic Demand Analysis." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU009/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les signaux accélérométriques enregistrés lors de l’occurrence d’un événement sismique est très large présentent une forte variabilité, par conséquent ils ne sont pas utilisé dans les analyse dynamiques de tenue sismique des structures. En effet, l’utilisation des accélérogrammes réels, pour les analyses dynamiques non linéaires, s’avère couteuse en termes de temps de calcul. La pratique courante prévoit la minimisation (voir suppression) de telle variabilité, mais les conséquences d’une telle opération sur la réponse des structures ne sont pas clairement indiquées. L’étude ci-présente a pour scope la quantification de l’impact des méthodes de sélection qui gardent la variabilité du signal sur les résultats de l’analyse de la réponse des structures (exprimée en termes d’engineering demand parameters EDPs). En particulier les questions suivantes seront investiguées :Quel est le niveau de variabilité des accélérogrammes réels et comment ce niveau est modifié par les techniques couramment utilisées ?Quelle est l’impact de la variabilité sur la réponse de plusieurs types de structures ?Pour un scénario sismique donné, un spectre cible est défini à partir de plusieurs équation de prédiction du mouvement sismique, sélection parmi celles disponibles en littérature. Les accélérogrammes sont sélectionnés à partir de quatre familles d’accélérogrammes, chacune relative à une méthode de modification : réels (enregistrés); mise à l’échelle (multiplication, par un facteur) ; calés aux spectres cibles avec large tolérance ; calés aux spectres cibles dans une plage de tolérance étroite.Chaque jeu de signaux est composé de cinq accélérogrammes et la sélection des signaux est faite en tenant compte de deux sources de variabilité : la variabilité au sein de chaque jeu de données (intraset), et la variabilité entre les différents jeux de données (interset) tous compatibles avec le même spectre cible. Les tests sur les EDPs menés sur les signaux accélérométriques réels mènent à la quantification de la variabilité naturelle (pour le scénario considéré). Les analyses basées sur les signaux réels sont utilisés comme benchmark afin d’évaluer non seulement de combien la distribution des EDPs (en termes de valeur moyenne et variabilité) est réduite par les différentes méthodes testées, mais aussi d’évaluer l’impact des choix de l’équation de prédiction du mouvement, des plages de tolérance, du nombre d’accélérogrammes constituant chaque jeu, du nombre de jeux, de le scope de l’analyse structurale et le modèle de structure.Ce travaille nous conduit à conclure que un seul jeu d’accélérogramme, tel qu’utilisé dans la pratique courante, est insuffisant pour assurer le niveau d’EDPs indépendamment de la méthode de modification utilisés, cela est lié à la variabilité des signaux et entre les jeux d’accélérogrammes. Les signaux réels, compatibles avec le spectre définis pour le scénario sismique, are l’option plus réaliste pour l’analyse dynamique non-linéaire ; si une méthode de modification du signal est nécessaire, la plus adaptées dépend du scope de l’analyse spectrale et du modèle. Le choix de l’équation de prédiction du mouvement sismique utilisée pour définir le spectre cible impacte significativement les caractéristiques des mouvements sismiques et des EDPs. Cette observation ne dépend pas de la stratégie de de modification du signal<br>The observed variability is very large among natural earthquake records, which are not consolidated in the engineering applications due to the cost and the duration. In the current practice with the nonlinear dynamic analysis, the input variability is minimized, yet without clear indications of its consequences on the output seismic behavior of structures. The study, herein, aims at quantifying the impact of ground motion selection with large variability on the distribution of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) by investigating the following questions:What is the level of variability in natural and modified ground motions?What is the impact of input variability on the EDPs of various structural types?For a given earthquake scenario, target spectra are defined by ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Four ground motion modification and selection methods such as (1) the unscaled earthquake records, (2) the linearly scaled real records, (3) the loosely matched spectrum waveforms, and (4) the tightly matched waveforms are utilized. The tests on the EDPs are performed on a record basis to quantify the natural variability in unscaled earthquake records and the relative changes triggered by the ground motion modifications.Each dataset is composed by five accelerograms; the response spectrum compatible selection is then performed by considering the impact of set variability. The intraset variability relates to the spectral amplitude dispersion in a given set, and the interset variability relates to the existence of multiple sets compatible with the target.The tests on the EDPs are performed on a record basis to quantify the natural variability in unscaled earthquake records and the relative changes triggered by the ground motion modifications. The distributions of EDPs obtained by the modified ground motions are compared to the observed distribution by the unscaled earthquake records as a function of ground motion prediction equations, objective of structural analysis, and structural models.This thesis demonstrates that a single ground motion set, commonly used in the practice, is not sufficient to obtain an assuring level of the EDPs regardless of the GMSM methods, which is due to the record and set variability. The unscaled real records compatible with the scenario are discussed to be the most realistic option to use in the nonlinear dynamic analyses, and the ‘best’ ground motion modification method is demonstrated to be based on the EDP, the objective of the seismic analysis, and the structural model. It is pointed out that the choice of a GMPE can provoke significant differences in the ground motion characteristics and the EDPs, and it can overshadow the differences in the EDPs obtained by the GMSM methods
3
Syed, Riaz. "Development of Computational Tools for Characterization, Evaluation, and Modification of Strong Ground Motions within a Performance-Based Seismic Design Framework." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36435.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most difficult tasks towards designing earthquake resistant structures is the determination of critical earthquakes. Conceptually, these are the ground motions that would induce the critical response in the structures being designed. The quantification of this concept, however, is not easy. Unlike the linear response of a structure, which can often be obtained by using a single spectrally modified ground acceleration history, the nonlinear response is strongly dependent on the phasing of ground motion and the detailed shape of its spectrum. This necessitates the use of a suite (bin) of ground acceleration histories having phasing and spectral shapes appropriate for the characteristics of the earthquake source, wave propagation path, and site conditions that control the design spectrum. Further, these suites of records may have to be scaled to match the design spectrum over a period range of interest, rotated into strike-normal and strike-parallel directions for near-fault effects, and modified for local site conditions before they can be input into time-domain nonlinear analysis of structures. The generation of these acceleration histories is cumbersome and daunting. This is especially so due to the sheer magnitude of the data processing involved.
The purpose of this thesis is the development and documentation of PC-based computational tools (hereinafter called EQTools) to provide a rapid and consistent means towards systematic assembly of representative strong ground motions and their characterization, evaluation, and modification within a performance-based seismic design framework. The application is graphics-intensive and every effort has been made to make it as user-friendly as possible. The application seeks to provide processed data which will help the user address the problem of determination of the critical earthquakes. The various computational tools developed in EQTools facilitate the identification of severity and damage potential of more than 700 components of recorded earthquake ground motions. The application also includes computational tools to estimate the ground motion parameters for different geographical and tectonic environments, and perform one-dimensional linear/nonlinear site response analysis as a means to predict ground surface motions at sites where soft soils overlay the bedrock.
While EQTools may be used for professional practice or academic research, the fundamental purpose behind the development of the software is to make available a classroom/laboratory tool that provides a visual basis for learning the principles behind the selection of ground motion histories and their scaling/modification for input into time domain nonlinear (or linear) analysis of structures. EQTools, in association with NONLIN, a Microsoft Windows based application for the dynamic analysis of single- and multi-degree-of-freedom structural systems (Charney, 2003), may be used for learning the concepts of earthquake engineering, particularly as related to structural dynamics, damping, ductility, and energy dissipation.<br>Master of Science
4
Ay, Bekir Ozer. "A Proposed Ground Motion Selection And Scaling Procedure For Structural Systems." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615359/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents a ground-motion selection and scaling procedure that preserves the inherent uncertainty in the modified recordings. The proposed procedure provides a set of scaled ground-motion records to be used in the response estimation of structural systems for a pre-defined earthquake hazard level. Given a relatively larger ground-motion dataset, the methodology constrains the selection and scaling of the accelerograms to the differences between individual records and corresponding estimations from a representative ground-motion predictive model. The procedure precisely calculates the distribution parameters of linear structural systems whereas it provides estimations of these parameters for nonlinear structural response. Thus this method is not only useful for ground-motion selection and scaling but also for probability based performance assessment studies. The proposed procedure is also capable of matching with a pre-defined target elastic response spectrum and corresponding variance over a period range. Case studies that compare the performance of the proposed procedure with some other record selection and scaling methods suggest its usefulness for the accurate verification of structural systems and rapid loss estimation studies.
5
Kinali, Kursat. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of Steel Frames in the Central and Eastern United States." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14528.
Full textAbstract:
The Central and Eastern United States (CEUS) is a region that is characterized by low frequency-high consequence seismic events such as the New Madrid sequence of 18111812. The infrequent nature of earthquakes in the region has led to a perception that the seismic risk in the area is low, and the current building stock reflects this perception. The majority of steel-framed buildings in the CEUS were designed without regard to seismic loads. Such frames possess limited seismic resistance, and may pose an unacceptable risk if a large earthquake were to occur in the region. A key ingredient of building performance and seismic risk assessment is the fragility, a term that describes the probability of failure to meet a performance objective as a function of demand on the system. The effects of uncertainties on building seismic performance can be displayed by a seismic fragility relationship. This fragility can be used in a conditional scenario-based seismic risk assessment or can be integrated with seismic hazard to obtain an estimate of annual or lifetime risk. The seismic fragility analyses in this study focus on steel frames that are typical of building construction in regions of infrequent seismicity; such frames have received little attention to date in building seismic risk assessment. Current steel building stock in Shelby Co., TN has been represented by five code-compliant model frames with different lateral force-resisting systems, i.e., braced-frames, partially-restrained moment frames and a rigid moment frame. The performance of model frames under certain hazard levels was assessed using fragility curves. Different rehabilitation methods were discussed and applied. Results indicate that PR frames behave better than expected and rehabilitated frames perform quite well even under severe earthquakes.
6
Malushte, Sanjeev R. "Prediction of seismic design response spectra using ground characteristics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45802.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The available earthquake records are classified into five groups according to their
site stiffness and epicentral distance as the grouping parameters. For the groups
thus defined, normalized response spectra are obtained for single-degree-ofâ freedom
and massless oscillators. The effectiveness of the grouping scheme is examined by
studying the variance of response quantities within each group. The implicit
parameters of average frequency and significant duration are obtained for each group
and their effect on the response spectra is studied. Correlation analyses between
various ground motion characteristics such as peak displacement, velocity,
acceleration and root mean square acceleration are carried out for each group.</p>
<p>Smoothed design spectra for relative and pseudo velocities and relative
acceleration responses of single degree of freedom oscillators and the velocity and
acceleration responses of massless oscillators are proposed for each group.
Methods to predict relative velocity and relative acceleration spectra directly from the
pseudo velocity spectra are presented. It is shown that the relative spectra can be
reliably estimated from the pseudo spectra. The site dependent design spectra are
defined for a wide range of oscillator periods and damping ratios.</p><br>Master of Science
7
Teng, Thanat Sae. "In-situ shear wave measurement and ground response analysis for developing site-dependent response spectra in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2099641.
Full text
8
Tabatabaei, Araghi Pedram. "Seismic analysis of concrete structures within nuclear industry." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147215.
Full textAbstract:
Earthquake has always been a hazard for civil structures and keeping the structures integrity during and after an earthquake is of vital importance. This phenomenon’s impact is sudden and there is little or no warning to make the preparations for this natural disaster. Much damage has been done on structures which have led to major collapses and loss of many lives. Civil structures such as nuclear power plants are designed to withstand earthquakes and in the event of a major seismic event, to shut down safely. The aim of this thesis is to present the seismic design procedures for concrete structures, in basic and detailed design, according to Eurocode 8. Also to describe and understand the difference between Eurocode 8 and the DNB in seismic analysis of nuclear power plants. To evaluate the use of DNB instead of Eurocode 8 with Swedish seismic conditions is also another aim in this thesis. Loads and actions which apply on a structure in a seismic design and corresponding load combinations are presented for Eurocode 8 and the DNB. An example is also given to clarify the design of primary seismic beams and columns with high ductility class (DCH). A case study of a nuclear structure from a test project named SMART2013 has been made by analyzing and comparing the results from Eurocode 8 and the DNB with a finite element model in FEM-Design software. Natural frequencies of the model are compared with the tested model in SMART2013-project to evaluate the finite element modeling. The model is seismically analyzed with load combinations from Eurocode 8 and the DNB with Swedish elastic ground response spectrum with the probability of 10-5. Results obtained from the primary seismic beams and columns are compared and analyzed. Being on the safe and conservative side of the design values is always preferred in seismic analysis of a vital and sensitive structure such as nuclear power plants. The results from this thesis shows that, purely structural, combination of Swedish elastic ground response spectrum with the Eurocode 8 load combination will give more conservative values than the DNB.<br>I stora delar av världen har jordbävningar alltid varit ett hot för byggnaders integritet. Karaktären av en jordbävning är plötslig och föranleds av små eller inga varningar. Om jordbävningen medför att byggnader kollapsar sker ofta stora förluster av människoliv direkt eller indirekt. Kärnkraftsverk är anläggningar som dimensioneras för att klara jordbävningar och ska kunna gå till säker avställning vid en sådan händelse. Syftet med föreliggande rapport är att presentera hur betongkonstruktioner dimensioneras för jordbävning enligt Eurokod 8. Rapporten redogör även för skillnader mellan att dimensionera enligt Eurokod 8 och DNB (Dimensionering av nukleära byggnadskonstruktioner) samt hur det slår att använda Eurokod med svenska seismiska förhållanden. Laster och lastkombinationer som används vid jordbävningsdimensionering av betongbyggnader är presenterad enligt både Eurokod och DNB. Ett exempel presenteras för att visa hur primära balkar och pelare med hög duktilitetsklass (DCH) dimensioneras för seismisk påverkan. En fallstudie av en nukleär byggnad från ett internationellt projekt, SMART2013, har använts för att analysera och utvärdera resultaten från Eurokod och DNB. Byggnaden har analyserats med finita element med programvaran FEM Design. Modellens riktighet har verifierats genom att jämföra bland annat egenfrekvenser med de från officiella rapporter från SMART2013. Byggnaden är analyserad för seismisk last enligt svenska förhållanden med markresponsspektra 10-5, och primära balkar och pelare har analyserats och utvärderats enligt både Eurokod och DNB.
9
Swain, Deanna. "Impact of Mindfulness-Enhanced Pivotal Response Group Treatment on Parenting Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100948.
Full textAbstract:
One of the core features of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), social communication impairment, presents in a variety of ways, including reduced functional language use and social initiations, which often warrant intensive intervention services. Additionally, parents of children with ASD demonstrate increased levels of parenting stress when compared to parents of typically developing children and children with developmental delays (Hayes and Watson, 2013). Elevated parenting stress has been shown to diminish positive treatment outcomes (Osborne et al., 2008), which lends support to develop methodologies to concomitantly target child and parent behaviors. The current randomized control trial (RCT) uses a dual-pronged approach to directly target both child communication deficits and parenting stress within a group format. This RCT combined an empirically supported behavioral therapy, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), with components from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindful Parenting for reducing parenting stress. Fifteen pairs of caregivers and their minimally or pre-verbal child with diagnosed or suspected ASD were randomly assigned to one of the following supplemental conditions: mindfulness-enhanced PRT (mPRT; n = 8) or psychoeducation-enhanced PRT (pPRT; n = 7) as an active control condition. Of these, five pairs completed each condition. The current study assessed feasibility and acceptability in addition to demonstrating proof of concept in regard to additive effects of mPRT compared to pPRT. Results provided mixed support for feasibility and efficacy of a multi-component group treatment approach. There was a low retention rate and the small sample sizes significantly decreased power. However, parents endorsed high satisfaction, demonstrated fidelity of PRT implementation, and children significantly increased their expressive language abilities. In regard to group-level analyses for primary and exploratory aims, the mPRT group showed significant decreases in parenting stress and increases in mindfulness. At the individual level, some parents in both groups showed positive changes in mindfulness, positive feelings toward child, and child problem behavior. Future directions should continue to explore the additive effects of mindfulness-based intervention on group-based parent-mediated treatments using larger sample sizes.<br>Doctor of Philosophy
10
Kostecki, Jodi. "Comparison of simulated ground motion peak accelerations with the 2006 International Building Code design response spectra for the New Madrid Seismic Zone /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594486011&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBooks on the topic "Ground response spectrum"
1
Williams, J. Corey, and Hanna E. Stevens. Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS) Study. Edited by Ish P. Bhalla, Rajesh R. Tampi, Vinod H. Srihari, and Michael E. Hochman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry that addresses the treatment of youth with psychotic disorders. Are second generation antipsychotics superior to first generation antipsychotics in the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study locations, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints including treatment response and adverse events, results, and criticism and limitations. No differences in symptom change were found between groups, but each group had a specific set of adverse events that distinguished it. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.
2
Bloomer, Kristin C. Rosalind. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190615093.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter introduces Rosalind, her family, and the Jecintho Prayer House in Chennai. It tells the story of how Alex, her cousin, first came to be healed and possessed by Mary (Mātā). The accounts of possession move to Rosalind, and Mary reveals her true name as Jecintho (Queen of Roses). The family founds a prayer house, and a following grows. The chapter offers an account of members’ narratives. It also describes the author’s first visit to the prayer house and her personal responses to being prayed over and investigates what it means to be a participant-observer, a “witness.” It begins to analyze the form of agency involved in possession practices. Roman Catholic priests take note of the group with responses ranging the spectrum.
3
LeMaitre, John, and Jan Kornder. Anti-arrhythmics in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0038.
Full textAbstract:
Anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs) are an important component of the pharmacological arsenal used in the management of the critically-ill patient. The benefits of AADs, as well as their potential disadvantageous side effects, largely depend on their effects upon the cardiac action potential. AADs can be broadly grouped according to their cellular actions, upon which their clinical effects depend. However, there is substantial cross-over amongst the groups in terms of these actions and efficacy for particular arrhythmias, and also for side effects. Amiodarone exhibits a broad spectrum of antiarrhythmic activity and is often the most useful AAD for the critically-ill patient where short-term use reduces concerns relating to toxic side effects associated with chronic administration. However, each of the other available AADs have their uses for particular scenarios in the critically-ill patient, although attention needs to be paid to comorbidities to attenuate the risk of adverse response. AADs are pro-arryhthmic in 5-10% of patients with potential lethal consequences, and the use of AADs in the critically-ill patient should be considered very carefully as correction of the underlying substrate may be sufficient in some circumstances to resolve the index arryhthmia.
4
Martino, Davide, and Gavin Giovannoni. Poststreptococcal Movement Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0095.
Full textAbstract:
The spectrum of “poststreptococcal” movement disorders and other behavioral abnormalities has expaanded and the array of neuropsychiatric features associated with rheumatic fever (RF) has been broadened. However, it is difficult to establish a causal link between Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and neuropsychiatric symptoms beyond RF, which has fuelled a long-lasting, and still unsolved, debate as to whether putative “poststreptococcal” disorders such as the PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infection) phenotype are distinct entities or not. This chapter provides an up-to-date overview of the conditions that are well established (Sydenham’s chorea) or proposed (poststreptococcal tic and obsessive-compulsive disorders) as secondary to an immune response toward GAS.
5
Meyer, Michel. The common operators in figures and arguments. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199691821.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
There are four basic operators common to figurative speech and argumentation—approval, disapproval, and between the two, modification and addition. These operate at different levels: as identity, difference, inference, and opposition; as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony; and they can also define the four possible types of audience responses. Four sets of operators, =, +, ±, and – span the spectrum from acquiescence to rejection, and correspond to four types of audiences which perform these acts of adherence, requalification, addition, and contradiction. These four basic operators can already be found in Aristotle, but they are also present in contemporary rhetoric (e.g. the General Rhetoric of the Group Mu). Figures and arguments, though different, are for the same reason divided into four basic classes.
6
Sharp, Lesley A. Animal Ethos. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520299245.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
What are the moral challenges and consequences of animal research in academic laboratory settings? Animal Ethos considers how the inescapable needs of lab research necessitate interspecies encounters that, in turn, engender unexpected moral responses among a range of associated personnel. Whereas much has been written about the codified, bioethical rules and regulations that inform proper lab behavior and decorum, Animal Ethos, as an in-depth, ethnographic project, probes the equally rich—yet poorly understood—realm of ordinary or everyday morality, where serendipitous, creative, and unorthodox thought and action evidence concerted efforts to transform animal laboratories into moral, scientific worlds. The work is grounded in efforts to integrate theory within medical anthropology (and, more particularly, on suffering and moral worth), animal studies, and science and technology studies (STS). Contrary to established scholarship that focuses exclusively on single professions (such as the researcher or technician), Animal Ethos tracks across the spectrum of the lab labor hierarchy by considering the experiences of researchers, animal technicians, and lab veterinarians. In turn, it offers comparative insights on animal activists. When taken together, this range of parties illuminates the moral complexities of experimental lab research. The affective qualities of interspecies intimacy, animal death, and species preference are of special analytical concern, as reflected in the themes of intimacy, sacrifice, and exceptionalism that anchor this work.
7
Howard, Colin R. Arenaviruses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0032.
Full textAbstract:
There are few groups of viral zoonoses that have attracted such widespread publicity as the arenaviruses, particularly during the 1960’s and 1970’s when Lassa emerged as a major cause of haemorrhagic disease in West Africa. More than any other zoonoses, members of the family are used extensively for the study of virus-host relationships. Thus the study of this unique group of enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses has been pursued for two quite separate reasons. First, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) has been used as a model of persistent virus infections for over half a century; its study has contributed, and continues to contribute, a number of cardinal concepts to our present understanding of immunology. LCM virus remains the prototype of the Arenaviridae and is a common infection of laboratory mice, rats and hamsters. Once thought rare in humans there is now increasing evidence of LCM virus being implicated in renal disease and as a complication in organ transplantation. Second, certain arenaviruses cause severe haemorrhagic diseases in man, notably Lassa fever in Africa, Argentine and Bolivian haemorrhagic fevers in South America, Guaranito infection in Venezuela and Chaparé virus in Bolivia. The latter is a prime example for the need of ever-continuing vigilance for the emergence of new viral diseases; over the past few years several new arenaviruses have been reported as implicated with severe human disease and indeed the number of new arenaviruses discovered since the last edition of this book have increased the size of this virus family significantly.In common with LCM, the natural reservoir of these infections is a limited number of rodent species (Howard, 1986). Although the initial isolates from South America were at first erroneously designated as newly defined arboviruses, there is no evidence to implicate arthropod transmission for any arenavirus. However, similar methods of isolation and the necessity of trapping small animals have meant that the majority of arenaviruses have been isolated by workers in the arbovirus field. A good example of this is Guaranito virus that emerged during investigation of a dengue virus outbreak in Venezuela (Salas et al. 1991).There is an interesting spectrum of pathological processes among these viruses. All the evidence so far available suggests that the morbidity of Lassa fever and South American haemorrhagic fevers due to arenavirus infection results from the direct cytopathic action of these agents. This is in sharp contrast to the immunopathological basis of ‘classic’ lymphocytic choriomeningitis disease seen in adult mice infected with LCM virus and the use of this system for elucidating the phenomenon of H2-restriction of the host cytotoxic T cell response (Zinkernagel and Doherty 1979). Despite the utility of this experimental model for dissecting the nature of the immune response to virus infection and the growing interest in arenaviruses of rodents, there remains much to be done to elucidate the pathogenesis of these infections in humans.
Book chapters on the topic "Ground response spectrum"
1
Cacciola, Pierfrancesco, and Laura D’Amico. "Response-Spectrum-Compatible Ground Motion Processes." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_325-1.
Full text
2
Cacciola, Pierfrancesco, and Laura D’Amico. "Response-Spectrum-Compatible Ground Motion Processes." In Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35344-4_325.
Full text
3
Mohraz, Bijan, and Fawzi E. Elghadarnsi. "Earthquake Ground Motion and Response Spectra." In The Seismic Design Handbook. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9753-7_2.
Full text
4
Mohraz, Bijan, and Fahim Sadek. "Earthquake Ground Motion and Response Spectra." In The Seismic Design Handbook. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1693-4_2.
Full text
5
Sin, Julie. "Spectrum of Effective Preventive Opportunities." In Commissioning and a Population Approach to Health Services Decision-Making. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840732.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter provides a means of looking at a health condition or health issue through the lens of identifying effective preventive opportunities. The concept of an effective preventive opportunity is firstly clarified for use. A ‘spectrum of preventive opportunities’ model is then described which can be used to identify these opportunities for any health condition. In this model, effective opportunities are considered across a whole generic care-pathway chronology, which also acts as a prompt to considering the potential range of health service responses and to help think about the natural development of the health condition or issue. Examples illustrate that the principles can be applied to single conditions, groups of conditions, and system issues. There is also a ‘population health sieve’ summary of the different risk factor types in a population, and a summary of the different types of health service response.
6
Eyres, Ruth M. "Family Perspectives." In Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2987-4.ch013.
Full textAbstract:
The experiences of two families with sexuality education and their children with autism spectrum disorder are explored through a group interview with two moms. Both moms share fears, challenges, and successes as their families navigate providing sexuality education. Participant responses to prompts offer guidance and support for families who face similar circumstances. Family perspectives also offer insight to professionals providing sexuality education to families of children with autism spectrum disorder.
7
Kinders, Mark Allan, Peggy Glenn, and Gregory M. Wilson. "Budgeting in an Era of Political and Institutional Turmoil." In Higher Education Response to Exponential Societal Shifts. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2410-7.ch003.
Full textAbstract:
Higher education has existed in a maelstrom for more than two decades of contentious debates on its costs, outcomes, and value. Critics abound among elected officials and decision-makers. Likewise, there is a drumbeat of criticism from within the academy that orbits around mission drift, leadership failures, and questionable practices in pursuit of new revenue. This political and policy dilemma will remain unresolved over the next decade. Such questions of efficiency and effectiveness ultimately impact college budgetary decisions and pose a threat to financial viability. For each criticism or suggested solution there is quite likely to be an opposing opinion that could be grounded in biases or self-interest. Therefore, institutional leaders must be holistic thinkers whose optimal solutions to budgetary challenges must embrace the best practices that cover the full spectrum of providing equal access to a quality education, discovering new knowledge, and serving as stewards of place within their service areas.
8
Sytnik, Oleg, and Vladimir Kartashov. "Methods and Algorithms for Technical Vision in Radar Introscopy." In Optoelectronics in Machine Vision-Based Theories and Applications. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5751-7.ch013.
Full textAbstract:
Optimization of technical characteristics of radio vision systems is considered in the radars with ultra-wideband sounding signals. Highly noisy conditions, in which such systems operate, determine the requirements that should be met by the signals being studied. The presence of the multiplicative noise makes it difficult to design optimal algorithms of echo-signal processing. Consideration is being given to the problem of discriminating objects hidden under upper layers of the ground at depths comparable to the probing pulse duration. Based upon the cepstrum and textural analysis, a subsurface radar signal processing technique has been suggested. It is shown that, however the shape of the probing signal spectrum might be, the responses from point targets in the cepstrum images of subsurface ground layers make up the texture whose distinctive features enable objects to be detected and identified.
9
Chin, Kin Eng, and Fui Fong Jiew. "Misconceptions or Preconceptions in Making Sense of Decimals." In Theory and Practice: An Interface or A Great Divide? WTM-Verlag Münster, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871129.0.18.
Full textAbstract:
This paper aims to explore the root causes of students’ misconceptions in decimals. A set of decimal tasks and follow-up interviews were used to gather the relevant data. Eight Year Six primary school students participated in this study on a voluntary basis. In this paper, data collected from two students were reported because they showed qualitatively distinct responses and could cover the spectrum of responses of this group of participants. Findings revealed that students’ misconceptions maybe regarded as preconceptions that were developed from work experiences in other contexts such as integers. This shows that the learning experiences from other contexts may impede future learning of students in new contexts.
10
Loehr, Gabrielle T., Lee Shackleford, Karen Elizabeth Dill-Shackleford, and Melody Metcalf. "Sci-Fi Fandoms in the Digital Age." In Handbook of Research on the Impact of Fandom in Society and Consumerism. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1048-3.ch015.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter discusses the evolution of the Doctor Who, Star Wars, and Star Trek fandoms from their beginnings to their current releases. These brief histories highlight how fans communicated with each other before social media and how those communications changed with the advent of the internet and social media. The dynamics of online groups, individual behavior in online groups, and the life cycle of a group are all discussed before moving onto trolling and the spectrum of online incivility. Overall, most of the trolling that occurs in sci-fi fandoms comes from devotion to the franchise rather than from the desire to be divisive or negative. However, some online incivility is solely guided by sexism, racism, and the desire to sow social discord. Two examples of sexist and racist fan behavior from Star Wars: The Last Jedi illustrates the different motivations of fandom trolls as well as ways to respond. Although every fandom is different, group behavior is predictable thus insights from these iconic sci-fi fandoms can be applied to many different fandoms.
Conference papers on the topic "Ground response spectrum"
1
Lucchini, Andrea, Paolo Franchin, and Fabrizio Mollaioli. "A Spectrum-to-Spectrum Method for Calculating Uniform Hazard Floor Response Spectra." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65293.
Full textAbstract:
In codes’ provisions and design procedures for acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components, seismic demand is commonly defined by means of floor response spectra expressed in terms of pseudo-acceleration. Depending on the considered analysis method, floor response spectra may be derived from floors’ acceleration histories, based on structural response-history analysis, or calculated using a predictive equation from a given input ground motion spectrum. Methods for estimating floor response spectra that are based on the second alternative are commonly called spectrum-to-spectrum methods. The objective of this paper is to briefly review these methods, and to discuss the main assumptions they are based on. Both predictive equations from selected seismic codes and proposals from the literature are included in the review. A new probability-based method, recently developed by the Authors for generating uniform hazard floor response spectra, namely, floor response spectra whose ordinates are characterized by a given target value of the mean annual frequency of being exceeded, is also described. By using this method floor spectra are determined through closed-form equations, given the mean annual frequency of interest, the damping ratio of the spectra, the modal properties of the structure, and three uniform hazard ground spectra. The method is built on a proposal for a probabilistic seismic demand model that relates the ground spectral acceleration with the floor spectral acceleration, and is able to explicitly account for the ground motion variability of the nonstructural response. Results for a case study consisting of a service frame of a visbreaking unit in an oil refinery are presented to show the good predictive accuracy of the method with respect to exact uniform hazard floor response spectra obtained through a standard probabilistic analysis.
2
Jayamon, J. R., and F. A. Charney. "Multiple Ground Motion Response Spectrum Match Tool for Use in Response History Analysis." In Structures Congress 2015. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479117.216.
Full text
3
Morris, Jordan, Leonel Almanzar, and Ronnie Chu. "Seismic Analysis of Ground-Supported Tanks Using the Vertical Response Spectrum." In Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479742.089.
Full text
4
Antaal, Bikramjit Singh, Yogeshwar Hari, and Dennis K. Williams. "Implementation of Fourier Series in the Seismic Response Spectrum Analysis of Ground Supported Tanks." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27257.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the finite element considerations employed in a seismic response spectrum analysis of a ground supported, liquid containing tank. Like many axisymmetric cylindrical vessels, the gross seismic response to an input response spectrum can be categorized by a simplified lumped mass model that includes both the mass of the tank proper in combination with the associated mass of multiple fluid levels. This simplified response may be utilized to determine the initial sizing of the supporting configuration, but lacks the ability to properly address the fluid-structure interaction that creates sloshing loads on the tank walls. The most obvious method to address the fluid-structure interaction when considering the finite element method is to build a three-dimensional model of the tank, including, but not limited to the shell courses, the top and bottom heads (for a vertical vessel), and any tank supports. The inclusion of the fluid effects may now be incorporated with “contained fluid” finite elements, however, for tanks of any significant volume, the number of finite elements can easily exceed 100,000 and the number of degrees of freedom can sore from as few as 300,000 to as many as 500,000 or more. While these types of finite element analysis problems can be solved with today’s computer hardware and software, it is not desirable in any analysis to have that volume of information that has to be subjected to the nuclear QA environment (if at all possible). With these items in mind, the methodology described in this paper seeks to minimize the number of degrees of freedom associated with a response spectrum analysis of a liquid filled, vertical cylindrical tank. The input response spectra are almost always provided in Cartesian coordinates, while many, if not most liquid containing pressure tanks are almost always axisymmetric in geometry without having benefit of being subjected to an axisymmetric load (acceleration in this case) due to the specified seismic event. The use of harmonic finite elements for both the tank structure and the contained fluid medium permit the efficiencies associated with an axisymmetric geometry to be leveraged when the seismic response spectrum is formulated in terms of a Fourier series and combined to regain the effects of the two orthogonal, horizontally applied accelerations as a function of frequency. The end result as discussed and shown in this paper is a finite element model that permits a dense mesh of both the fluid and the structure, while economizing on the number of simultaneous equations required to be solved during the chosen finite element analysis.
5
Sanni, Shankar H., and Ratnakala S. Bidreddy. "Response Spectrum Analysis of Multi Storied Building on Sloping Ground with Ground, Middle and Top Soft Storey." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.51.
Full textAbstract:
In the concrete era of construction activities, there is scarcity of land especially in metro cities. Even though if there is availability of land it may in the sloping ground, hillocks or on land filled areas, in such areas there will be difficulty in the construction and design aspects. To maintain the slope of the strata, different degrees of such buildings step back towards the slanting slope and may likewise also have set back simultaneously. Hence in the present paper, an attempt has been made to study, G+12 storey building assumed to be in flat ground and also on sloping ground with 20 degree inclination. The model considered to be a soft storey with infill walls and two different shear wall arrangements. The building has been modelled in ETABS software with response spectrum method of analysis. The study reveals that model with shear wall improves the performance of the structure in terms of displacement, drift and time period apart from the fact that the structure being constructed in normal ground or sloping ground.
6
Chatterjee, Payel, and Abhinav Gupta. "Seismic Qualification of Equipment: A PRA-Consistent Framework." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60674.
Full textAbstract:
The seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA) for a nuclear power plant involves the estimation of fragility curves for plant equipment. The seismic qualification of an equipment based on testing requires the equipment to continue to function when subjected to a specific test response spectrum (TRS). Broad banded ground motions have been found to cause more damage to equipment than the filtered narrow banded excitations. As a result, the definition of acceleration capacity used in the fragility models use clipped response spectra for both test response spectrum (TRS) and required response spectrum (RRS). The main purpose of the clipping factors is to convert a narrow banded response spectrum to a broad banded spectrum. The broadband correction factor and the modal interaction correction factors together contribute to the definition of clipping factor. The current study involves reconciliation with previous research by generating the mean response factor for different waveforms and subsequently the root-mean-square (RMS) severity ratio as a function of bandwidth. This ratio can be estimated for real earthquakes from their peak-to-rms values and the peak spectral values. In addition it can be shown that in case of real narrow banded earthquakes, this ratio is even lower and therefore the clipping would be greater. The modal interaction correction factor which considers the effect of interaction between different modes in case of broad banded time histories has also been investigated. The primary objective of this work is to study the existing Conservative Deterministic Failure Margin (CDFM) and Probabilistic approaches for estimating these factors as per the guidelines of EPRI [2] and apply the same to real life ground motions. It has been observed that the recommended practices are based on studying the behavior of random ground motions generated artificially for different bandwidths and center frequencies. The present study aims towards a more realistic fragility estimation of equipment by studying the spectral response of equipment based on actual ground motions. The purpose is to evaluate clipping factors that are consistent with Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment.
7
Taniguchi, Tomoyo, and Mitsuru Takeshita. "Effects of Coincident Response of Structures Subjected to Horizontal and Vertical Ground Motions on Evaluation of Peak Response." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2903.
Full textAbstract:
A response spectrum rule, which considers the coincidence between horizontal and vertical responses, for dynamic analysis of structures subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motions is developed. The ratio of response coincidence, the vertical response to its absolute maximum at the maximum horizontal response, is introduced to express the intensity and direction of the coincident vertical response. It forms a certain normal distribution and is independent of types of earthquake, soil, structure and linearity/non-linearity of structural response. The combination of the maximum expected value of the ratio based on the allowable probability of exceedance and the modal responses gives the maximum expected coincident vertical response at the maximum horizontal response. Comparison of the combined response by the proposed method with the conventional methods highlights the conservativeness of conventional methods in evaluating the vertical response 38% and the combined response 7%.
8
Chakrabarti, Partha, and Atul Rikhy. "Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Jacket Structures Using Response Spectrum and Time Domain Procedures." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10112.
Full textAbstract:
In seismically active areas of the world an offshore jacket structure has to be designed for seismic loads. Since the structure must meet both strength and ductility requirements, a two stage design for Strength Level Earthquake (SLE) and Ductility Level Earthquake (DLE) is generally used. Normal procedure for designing such a structure for SLE condition is to use Response Spectrum method of analysis (RSA). The main advantage of RSA is that it is computationally very efficient. Time Domain Analysis (TDA) is used mostly to analyze DLE condition. A response spectrum depicts the maximum response to a ground motion of a single degree of freedom system having different natural periods but the same degree of damping. A design response spectrum is a smoothened average of several earthquake motions. It is a property of the ground motion with a given recurrence interval at the particular region of interest. RSA is a frequency domain analysis technique based on mode superposition approach. API RP 2A specifies that the modal responses be combined using a Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC) of modal responses. For the directional response combination, API RP 2A recommends applying 100% of the spectral acceleration for the two orthogonal lateral directions and 50% for the vertical and using the Square Root of Sum of Squares (SRSS) combination to obtain the maximum response. With this approach it is possible to conduct only one analysis, with any reference system, and the resulting structure will have all members that are designed to equally resist earthquake motions from all possible directions. RSA based on mode superposition is valid strictly for a linear system. A jacket structure with its pile-soil system is not truly a linear system due to soil nonlinearity. Therefore, linearization of the pile-soil system is necessary. The stiffness of a pile is dependent on the pile head loads. Thus the response from the RSA will be very much load or deformation dependent for the pile-soil stiffness. Software used here for the analyses has an iterative analysis option for obtaining the appropriate linearized stiffness. TDA is a step by step time integration procedure for the entire system including the piles and there is no linearization involved for the foundation stiffness as the pile-soil stiffness at discrete points of the pile are calculated at each time instant within the program. The TDA is more precise for the given time history but more time consuming as a series of ground acceleration time histories are normally required for the TDA approach. The results from RSA are expected to be conservative especially for the design of piles. However, this can only be confirmed from a series of TDA performed using ground acceleration time histories. This paper demonstrates that more accurate and less conservative results can be obtained by using a combination of RSA and TDA even for SLE condition. However, several simulations for TDA are required for confidence in the design to ensure that all structural elements have achieved the maximum conditions. Essentially, RSA can be used for jacket member design and TDA can be used specifically for pile design. Thus the authors believe the design of an entire jacket could be more economical if this combined approach is judiciously used.
9
Ichihashi, Ichiro, Akira Sone, Arata Masuda, and Daisuke Iba. "A Study of Elasto-Plastic Response of Single Degree of Freedom System Using Artificial Ground Motions With Given Time-Frequency Characteristics." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25381.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a number of artificial earthquake ground motions compatible with time-frequency characteristics of recorded actual earthquake ground motion as well as the given target response spectrum are generated using wavelet transform. The maximum non-dimensional displacement of elasto-plastic structures excited these artificial earthquake ground motions are calculated numerically. Displacement response, velocity response and cumulative input energy are shown in the case of the ground motion which cause larger displacement response. Under the given design response spectrum, a selection manner of generated artificial earthquake ground motion which causes lager maximum displacement response of elasto-plastic structure are suggested.
10
Scavuzzo, Rudolph J., George D. Hill, and Peter Saxe. "The “Spectrum Dip”: Dynamic Interaction of System Components." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26757.
Full textAbstract:
In the early 1960s, many full sized surface combatants, submarines and structural models were tested with underwater explosive in order to evaluate the shock load to the ship and internal equipment and structures. Initially, shock spectra were calculated from base motion measurements of internal equipment and components. Attempts were made to envelop these spectra to develop shock design spectra inputs. At that time, earthquake engineers were using this enveloping method to develop design procedures from ground motion measurements to protect structures from earthquakes. However, for the measurements on ships, this procedure resulted in calculated loads that would have caused catastrophic failure of the equipment; yet the equipment had not failed on the ship tests. As a result, the data was reanalyzed over a period of over a year. It was concluded that the dynamic interaction of each component or structure reduced the measured spectral motion at the fixed-base frequencies of the structure by about an order of magnitude. In many cases, there was a dip in the shock spectra at the fixed-base frequencies: the “spectrum dip” phenomenon. This reanalysis led to shock spectra design curves for navy ships. This paper will present a review of an experimental study and an analytical model to explain the effect of dynamic interaction on the shock or response spectrum. In addition, a practical example of interaction of four single mass dynamic systems mounted on a realistic deck and subjected to a high impact shock input was studied by the authors.
Reports on the topic "Ground response spectrum"
1
Wei, X., J. Braverman, M. Miranda, M. E. Rosario, and C. J. Costantino. Depth-dependent Vertical-to-Horizontal (V/H) Ratios of Free-Field Ground Motion Response Spectra for Deeply Embedded Nuclear Structures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1176998.
Full text
2
Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, et al. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.
Full textAbstract:
The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.