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Journal articles on the topic 'Ground sample plot'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chen, Zhao, Zhang, Qin, and Yi. "Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Field Quadrat Survey of Alpine Grassland Fractional Vegetation Cover Based on the Satellite Remote Sensing Pixel Scale." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 11 (2019): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8110497.

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The fractional vegetation cover (FVC) data measured on the ground is the main source for the calibration and verification of FVC remote sensing inversion, and its accuracy directly affects the accuracy of remote sensing inversion results. However, the existing research on the evaluation of the accuracy of the field quadrat survey of FVC based on the satellite remote sensing pixel scale is inadequate, especially in the alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, five different alpine grasslands were examined, the accuracy of the FVC obtained by the photography method was analy

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2

Williams, Michael S., Paul L. Patterson, and H. Todd Mowrer. "Comparison of Ground Sampling Methods for Estimating Canopy Cover." Forest Science 49, no. 2 (2003): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.2.235.

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Abstract Knowledge of the canopy structure is essential to improving our understanding of forest structure. While numerous sampling techniques have been developed to estimate attributes of the forest canopy, these require either additional measurements or a sampling design and measurement techniques that differ substantially from the ones that are used to estimate more traditional forest attributes, such as basal area, number of stems, or volume. The root of the problem is that the sample element for a design that estimates canopy attributes is the tree crown, whereas the sample element is the

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Leboeuf, Antoine, Martin Riopel, Dave Munger, Marie-Soleil Fradette, and Jean Bégin. "Modeling Merchantable Wood Volume Using Airborne LiDAR Metrics and Historical Forest Inventory Plots at a Provincial Scale." Forests 13, no. 7 (2022): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13070985.

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So far, large-scale projects aiming to map forest attributes using aerial LiDAR data have been developed using ground sample plots acquired synchronously with LiDAR. No large projects have been developed using aerial LiDAR acquired independent of ground sample plot datasets. The goal of this study was to develop and validate large-scale parametric merchantable wood volume estimation models using existing historical ground sample plots. The models can be applied to large LiDAR datasets to map merchantable wood volume as a 10 × 10 m raster. The study demonstrated that a relative density index (R

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4

Warkentin, Dennis. "Small Plot Aphicide Testing, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (1989): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.320.

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Abstract Chrysanthemums were grown from unrooted cuttings in sand ground beds at a density of 12 plants/ft2, in 1.5- by 3.5-ft plots. Plots were maintained under a 7-d harvest schedule until a pretreatment sample indicated an adequate aphid infestation. Treatments were assigned according to a randomized complete block design, with 6 replicate plots/treatment. Foliar sprays were applied to the point of leaf wetness with a Geerpress hand pump sprayer directly after the pretreatment count and after each of the next 3 evaluations (7 day intervals). Triton AG-98 was added to each tank mixture at 0.

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Nelson, Ross F., Timothy G. Gregoire, and Richard G. Oderwald. "The Effects of Fixed-Area Plot Width on Forest Canopy Height Simulation." Forest Science 44, no. 3 (1998): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/44.3.438.

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Abstract Mapped-stand data which includes tree location and mensuration data may be used to simulate the height characteristics of a forest canopy in a computer. The dimensions of the rectangular, fixed-area ground plot which is used to collect the tree location and mensuration data can profoundly affect the accuracy of the resultant computer reconstruction of forest canopy heights. Thin fixed-area plots result in forest canopy height constructs (i.e., canopy height models, or CHMs) which are shorter and less dense than the actual forest stand. Ninety-nine 0.405 ha forest stands in the southea

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Parker, Robert C., and Patrick A. Glass. "High- Versus Low-Density LiDAR in a Double-Sample Forest Inventory." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 4 (2004): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/28.4.205.

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Abstract Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data at 0.5- and 1-m postings were used in a double-sample forest inventory on Louisiana State University's Lee Experimental Forest, Louisiana. Phase 2 plots were established with DGPS. Tree dbh (>4.5 in.) and two sample heights (minimum and maximum dbh) were measured on every 10th plot of the phase 1 sample. Volume was computed for natural and planted pine and mixed hardwood species. LiDAR trees were selected with focal filter procedures and heights computed as the height difference between interpolated canopy and DEM surfaces. Dbh-height and gr

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7

Hoxha, Besim. "Two-phased inventory of standing volume in mountain forests with the use of aerial photographs." Folia Forestalia, Series A - Forestry 54(2) (July 1, 2012): 123–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.30736.

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This study aimed to elaborate and develop the existing methods used in inventorying lowland forest and adapt them for mountainous forests. The inventory of mountain forests with the use of CIR aerial photographs in this study relied on the implementation of the 3D (three-dimensional) methods and it was characterised by two phases. In the 1st p hase the auxiliary variables (e.g. crown cover, height of dominant trees, density) were measured on the aerial photographs (355 circular plots). Variable of interest (standing volume) was recorded during the terrestrial survey on the corresponding ground

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Scrinzi, Gianfranco, Fabrizio Clementel, and Antonio Floris. "Angle count sampling reliability as ground truth for area-based LiDAR applications in forest inventories." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 4 (2015): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0408.

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LiDAR-based techniques to estimate forest variables at the stand level require accurate calibration through ground truth data. One purpose of this study was to verify whether angle count samples can be used as suitable ground truth to calibrate LiDAR-based models for timber volume estimation. Volume data were acquired on the ground for 79 plots in the Latemar forest (province of Bolzano, Italian Alps). A simple linear regression model, using the sum of all of the tree canopy heights in the plot as the explanatory variable, was adopted. As angle count samples have no fixed area, three different

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9

Parker, Robert C., and A. Lee Mitchel. "Smoothed Versus Unsmoothed LiDAR in a Double-Sample Forest Inventory." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 29, no. 1 (2005): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/29.1.40.

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Abstract Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data at 0.5- and 1-m postings were used in a double-sample forest inventory on Louisiana State University's Lee Experimental Forest, Louisiana. Phase 2 plots were established with differential global positioning system (DGPS). Tree dbh (>4.5in.) and two sample heights were measured on every 10th plot of the Phase 1 sample. Volume was computed for natural and planted pine and mixed hardwood species. LiDAR trees were selected with focal filter procedures from smoothed and unsmoothed LiDAR canopy surfaces. Dbh-height and ground-LiDARheight models we

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Budiaman, Ahmad, Noor Farikhah Haneda, and Laela Nurahma. "Tebang Pilih Mengubah Keanekaragaman Semut Tanah Hutan di Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 2 (2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.2.251.

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 This study assesses the short-term effects of selective cutting on the diversity of ground ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the secondary rainforest. Ground ants were collected using a pitfall trap in a circular sample plot of 0.5 ha. A total of nine sample plots were randomly placed in a 98-ha cutting compartment. Fifteen pitfall traps were planted in each circular plot. A total of 135 pitfall traps were established in the cutting compartment. The average cutting intensity of 8 trees/haas applied in the cutting compartment. Insect sampling and measurement of environmental factors were

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Miścicki, Stanisław, and Krzysztof Stereńczak. "A two-phase inventory method for calculating standing volume and tree-density of forest stands in central Poland based on airborne laser-scanning data." Forest Research Papers 74, no. 2 (2013): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0013.

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Abstract This paper describes a method of determining the stocking density and volume of forest stands based on airborne laser-scanning data. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ground-based measurements of standing volume and tree-density, and those acquired based on the Crown Height Model (CHM) interpolated from airborne laser scanning data. Data were collected from 34 sample plots of two sizes for the CHM analysis: 500 m2 (radius 12.61 m) and 1963.5 m2 (radius of 25.0 m): Trees for sampling were selected using two methods, those whose “centroid” was fully within

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Miścicki, Stanisław, and Krzysztof Stereńczak. "A two-phase inventory method for calculating standing volume and tree-density of forest stands in central Poland based on airborne laser-scanning data." Forest Research Papers 74 (2) (March 1, 2013): 127–36. https://doi.org/10.2478/frp-2013-0013.

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This paper describes a method of determining the stocking density and volume of forest stands based on airborne laser-scanning data. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ground-based measurements of standing volume and tree-density, and those acquired based on the Crown Height Model (CHM) interpolated from airborne laser scanning data. Data were collected from 34 sample plots of two sizes for the CHM analysis: 500 m<sup>2</sup> (radius 12.61 m) and 1963.5 m<sup>2</sup> (radius of 25.0 m): Trees for sampling were selected using two methods, those whose “centroid

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13

Hu, Yang, and Zhongqiu Sun. "Assessing the Capacities of Different Remote Sensors in Estimating Forest Stock Volume Based on High Precision Sample Plot Positioning and Random Forest Method." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 3 (2022): 1113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i03.016.

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Forest stock volume (FSV) is an important forest resource indicator. Satellite images from various sensors have been used to estimate FSV. However, there is still a lack of comparative studies on the estimation of FSV with remote sensing data obtained by different sensors. In addition, there is a lack of high-precision ground sample positioning methods, which can improve the matching of ground data and remote sensing data to a certain extent, and improve the estimation accuracy. In this research, a new ground sample plot positioning method was proposed, which could achieve sub-meter positionin

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14

Parker, Robert C., and David L. Evans. "Stratified Light Detection and Ranging Double-Sample Forest Inventory." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 31, no. 2 (2007): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/31.2.66.

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Abstract An industrial application of a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) individual-tree, stratified double-sample forest inventory of approximately 18,000 ha of southeastern pine plantations was accomplished with an 9:1 ratio of 0.02-ha phase 1 LiDAR and phase 2 ground plots in ages 6 to 28 years. Phase 2 ground inventory data of tree dbh and sample tree heights for 2 trees per plot were used to obtain dbh-height relationships and volumes of standing trees. Phase 1 LiDAR data with 1.9 points per m2 were used to obtain ground–LiDAR height relationships for phase 2 matching LiDAR trees and p

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15

Nowak, David, Jeffrey Walton, Jack Stevens, Daniel Crane, and Robert Hoehn. "Effect of Plot and Sample Size on Timing and Precision of Urban Forest Assessments." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 34, no. 6 (2008): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2008.052.

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Accurate field data can be used to assess ecosystem services from trees and to improve urban forest management, yet little is known about the optimization of field data collection in the urban environment. Various field and Geographic Information System (GIS) tests were performed to help understand how time costs and precision of tree population estimates change with varying plot and sample sizes in urban areas using random sampling approaches. Using one-tenth acre (0.04 ha) plots, it is estimated that, on average, approximately three plots per day can be measured with plot data collected on s

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16

Parker, Robert C., and David L. Evans. "An Application of LiDAR in a Double-Sample Forest Inventory." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 2 (2004): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.95.

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Abstract Multireturn LiDAR data (2-m posting) were used in a double-sample forest inventory in central Idaho. Twenty-four 15-plot (0.2 ac) strips were established with a real-time Differential Global Positioning System. Tree dbh and height were measured on every 5th plot. Volume and basal area were computed for eight encountered species. LiDAR trees were selected with a focal max filter and height computed as the z-difference between interpolated canopy and DEM surfaces. LiDAR-derived trees/ac, height, and dbh had mean differences of −4.4 trees, −10.7 ft, and −1.01 in. from ground values. Four

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17

Gobakken, Terje, and Erik Næsset. "Assessing effects of positioning errors and sample plot size on biophysical stand properties derived from airborne laser scanner data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 5 (2009): 1036–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-025.

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Canopy height distributions were created from small-footprint airborne laser scanner data with an average sampling density of 1.1 points·m–2 collected over 132 sample plots and 61 stands. Field measurements of each plot were carried out within two concentric circles (200 m2 and 300 or 400 m2). The plot positions were altered randomly with Monte Carlo simulations. For various metrics derived from the canopy height distributions, the mean and the standard deviation (SD) of the differences between incorrect plot positions and ground-truth positions were compared. In general, SD was smaller for la

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18

Heyojoo, B. P., and S. Nandy. "Estimation of above-ground phytomass and carbon in tree resources outside the forest (TROF): A geo-spatial approach." Banko Janakari 24, no. 1 (2015): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v24i1.13488.

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This study aims to estimate above-ground phytomass and carbon of TROF ecosystem in part of Bijnor district in Uttar Pradesh state of India using IRS P6 LISS-IV satellite image by geo-spatial approach coupled with field sampling. Chacko’s formula was referred to compute number of samples in each TROF types and the sample plot size in each stratum was adopted from Vegetation Carbon Project (VCP) under National Carbon Project (NCP). With the help of field data consisting mainly the height and girth information, volume of each individual tree per plot was obtained using site and tree species-speci

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Hernández-Stefanoni, José, Gabriela Reyes-Palomeque, Miguel Castillo-Santiago, et al. "Effects of Sample Plot Size and GPS Location Errors on Aboveground Biomass Estimates from LiDAR in Tropical Dry Forests." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10 (2018): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101586.

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Accurate estimates of above ground biomass (AGB) are needed for monitoring carbon in tropical forests. LiDAR data can provide precise AGB estimations because it can capture the horizontal and vertical structure of vegetation. However, the accuracy of AGB estimations from LiDAR is affected by a co-registration error between LiDAR data and field plots resulting in spatial discrepancies between LiDAR and field plot data. Here, we evaluated the impacts of plot location error and plot size on the accuracy of AGB estimations predicted from LiDAR data in two types of tropical dry forests in Yucatán,

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20

Patterson, Paul L., and Michael S. Williams. "Effects of Registration Errors Between Remotely Sensed and Ground Data on Estimators of Forest Area." Forest Science 49, no. 1 (2003): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.1.110.

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Abstract The estimation of area by land cover type is a key component of most large-scale forest inventories. Historically, these estimates were derived from a large sample of points, taken from aerial photos, followed by a smaller sample of ground points, which were used to correct errors in the classification of the aerial photo points. There has been interest in replacing aerial photography with satellite imagery. One problem with using satellite imagery is the registration errors between a pixel and a plot or a point on the ground. The estimators and modes of inference can differ substanti

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Parker, Robert C., and David L. Evans. "LiDAR Forest Inventory with Single-Tree, Double-, and Single-Phase Procedures." International Journal of Forestry Research 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/864108.

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Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data at 0.5–2 m postings were used with double-sample, stratified procedures involving single-tree relationships in mixed, and single species stands to yield sampling errors ranging from % to %. LiDAR samples were selected with focal filter procedures and heights computed from interpolated canopy and DEM surfaces. Tree dbh and height data were obtained at various ratios of LiDAR, ground samples for DGPS located ground plots. Dbh-height and ground-LiDAR height models were used to predict dbh and compute Phase 2 estimates of basal area and volume. Phase 1 esti

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22

Higley, L. G., L. P. Pedigo, G. D. Buntin, W. C. Bailey, and S. H. Hutchins. "Evaluation of Insecticides Treatments for Control of Green Cloverworm on Soybean, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (1985): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.244.

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Abstract Plots measuring 4 rows (30-inch centers) by 50 ft, with 2 border rows between plots, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 blocks, near Ames, IA. Treatments were applied on 9 Aug ‘84, when plants were in the full pod stage (R4). Weather conditions at application were overcast, winds 0-5 mph, temperature ca. 75° F, and ca. 50% RH. The single in-furrow treatment was applied at planting; all other treatments were applied with a 4-row, CO2-charged (38 psi) bicycle-wheel sprayer equipped with Delevan BC 10-70 No. 6 hollow-cone sprayer nozzles. Ground speed was 1.7 mph

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Baral, SK, R. Malla, S. Khanal, and R. Shakya. "Trees on farms: diversity, carbon pool and contribution to rural livelihoods in Kanchanpur District of Nepal." Banko Janakari 23, no. 1 (2013): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v23i1.9462.

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Trees and shrubs are important component of rural farming system in Nepal. This paper assesses tree diversity and carbon pool of trees and shrubs outside forests as well as their contribution in the rural economy of the study area. In the land use classification map derived from the high resolution ALOS Pan-sharpened imagery, random selection was made among systematic grid in the agriculture class to find out the inventory plot. The plot was designed as nested plot. Firstly, tree measurement was done and then leaves, branch samples as well as soil samples were collected from each sample plot.

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Zhao, Chenhao, Yan Zhu, and Jinghui Meng. "Effects of Plot Design on Estimating Tree Species Richness and Species Diversity." Forests 13, no. 12 (2022): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122003.

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Species richness and diversity substantially affect forest structures and function and are critical indicators of sustainable forest management. Sampling surveys are widely used in forest inventories because they efficiently assess forest characteristics. However, an appropriate sample plot design is required. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of plot design on estimating species richness and species diversity using a simulation. A 20 ha census plot was established in a temperate forest to obtain the true values of species richness and species diversity. One single plot

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Yulia, Meinilwita, Aniessa Rinny Asnaning, and Diding Suhandy. "The Influence of Particle Size of Ground Roasted Coffee in Discrimination of Decaffeinated Coffee Using Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy and PLS-DA Method." Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan 18, no. 1 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/jppt.v18i1.1226.

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This present research is an application of UV-VIS spectroscopy and SIMCA method toÂ distinguish robusta ground roasted coffee from Sumatera and Java. Spectral dataÂ measurement of the filtered and diluted aqueous coffee samples was performed using a UV-VIS spectrometer (Genesys â„¢ 10S UV-Vis, Thermo Scientific, USA). SIMCA model was constructed for each class, SIMCA model of Sumatera robusta coffee and SIMCA model of Java robusta coffee. Prediction results show that all predictive samples are successfully grouped correctly according to their classes using the developed SIMCA model, except for

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Gobakken, Terje, and Erik Næsset. "Assessing effects of laser point density, ground sampling intensity, and field sample plot size on biophysical stand properties derived from airborne laser scanner data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, no. 5 (2008): 1095–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-219.

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Canopy height distributions were created from small-footprint airborne laser scanner data with an average sampling density of 1.13 points·m–2 collected over 132 sample plots and 61 forest stands. Field measurements of each plot were carried out within two concentric circles corresponding to fixed areas of 200 m2 and 300 or 400 m2. The laser point clouds were thinned to approximately 0.25, 0.13, and 0.06 point·m–2. For all comparisons, the maximum values of the first as well as last return canopy height distributions differed significantly between the full density and the thinned data. The comb

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Nugraini, R. A., and A. B. Sekaranom. "Estimation of Above and Below Ground Carbon Stock in Baros Mangrove Conservation Area, Bantul Regency – Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1443, no. 1 (2025): 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1443/1/012030.

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Abstract Mangroves are vital coastal ecosystems that provide numerous ecological benefits, including carbon sequestration, which plays a crucial role in mitigating climate change. The Baros Mangrove Conservation Area in Bantul Regency is an essential site for studying these valuable ecosystems, given its diverse mangrove species and varying age structures. This study aims to determine the distribution of mangrove species and estimate the above-ground carbon (AGC) and below-ground carbon (BGC) stock values in the Baros Mangrove Conservation Area, Bantul Regency. Data were collected using purpos

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28

Wynholds, Paul F., Thomas F. Leigh, and Bai Li Xin. "Control of Spider Mites and L. Hesperus on Cotton, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (1988): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.264.

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Abstract Pesticides were applied to 'Acala SJ-2' cotton near Shafter and Five Points, Calif., planted 15 Apr and 17 Apr, respectively. Individual plots were 16 and 24 rows wide, respectively (1.02 m/row), and 46 m long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied by high-clearance ground sprayer equipped with drop booms using 3 or 5 hollow-cone nozzles/row, depending on plant size, delivering 140 or 234 liters/ha at 2.8 kg/cm2. Mainstem leaves (25/plot, 8th unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 5 or 6 posttreatment dates and proces

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Benedict, J. H., J. C. Segers, M. F. Treacy, M. H. Walmsley, R. D. Parker, and B. R. Maher. "Efficacy of Vydate for Control of Boll Weevil and Cotton Fleahopper, 1983." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (1987): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.225a.

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Abstract A large-plot field test was conducted on the Kocurek Farm near Corpus Christi, TX, to evaluate the efficacy of Vydate for control of boll weevil. Cotton was planted the first week in Mar on rows spaced 38 inches apart. Field plots (8 acre/plot) were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Applications were made in 5 gal total spray/acre with a John Deere high clearance ground machine on 20, 25, and 30 May. The entire test was oversprayed with Bidrin on 5 and 24 May at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre. Boll weevil damage was determined by collecting 3 samples of 50 squares (1/3 grown and

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Drees, Alissa, Bernadette Bockmayr, Michael Bockmayr, and Markus Fischer. "Rapid Determination of Nutmeg Shell Content in Ground Nutmeg Using FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning." Foods 12, no. 15 (2023): 2939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12152939.

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Nutmeg is a popular spice often used in ground form, which makes it highly susceptible to food fraud. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect adulteration of ground nutmeg with nutmeg shell via Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy. For this purpose, 36 authentic nutmeg samples and 10 nutmeg shell samples were analyzed pure and in mixtures with up to 50% shell content. The spectra plot as well as a principal component analysis showed a clear separation trend as a function of shell content. A support vector machine regression used for shell content prediction achie

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Palma, Roxanna Patricia, João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da Cunha, and Denise Garcia de Santana. "Leaf Sample Size for Pesticide Application Technology Trials in Coffee Crops." Plants 12, no. 5 (2023): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051093.

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Plot size, sample sufficiency, and number of repetitions are factors that affect the experimental errors or residuals and the expression of true differences among treatments. The objective of this study was to determine, using statistical models, the appropriate sample size for application technology experiments in coffee crops through the evaluation of foliar spray deposition and soil runoff in the ground-based application of pesticides. In the first stage, we determined the quantity of leaves per set and the volume of the solution for washing the leaves and extracting the tracer. We analyzed

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Obabko, R. P., and A. M. Kryshen. "STRUCTURE OF THE EPIPHYTE MOSS COVER ON THE TREES IN MIDDLE TAIGA BLUEBERRY SPRUCE FOREST." Ботанический журнал 108, no. 2 (2023): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0006813623020084.

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The paper presents the results of a study of the spatial structure of the distribution of epiphytes on the sample plot, and on the trunk of Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. The distribution of all trees and individual species on the sample plot, as well as most species of epiphytic mosses, does not differ from random. Only one species, namely Dicranum fuscescens Turner, which in this community grows only on the trunks of living trees, has an aggregated distribution, while all other epiphytic moss species are also found in the ground cover and their distribution in the communities is random. The epip

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Saukkola, Atte, Timo Melkas, Kirsi Riekki, et al. "Predicting Forest Inventory Attributes Using Airborne Laser Scanning, Aerial Imagery, and Harvester Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 7 (2019): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070797.

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The aim of the study was to develop a new method to use tree stem information recorded by harvesters along operative logging in remote sensing-based prediction of forest inventory attributes in mature stands. The reference sample plots were formed from harvester data, using two different tree positions: harvester positions (XYH) in global satellite navigation system and computationally improved harvester head positions (XYHH). Study materials consisted of 158 mature Norway-spruce-dominated stands located in Southern Finland that were clear-cut during 2015–16. Tree attributes were derived from

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Ihinmikaiye, Samuel Olatokunbo, Bernard Edache Ochekwu, Josiah Muonam Ikuli, Doris Akinjagunla Atinuke, and Abel Zikenal Keresinbofa. "Forest Tree Composition: A Comparative Study of Timber Species in Bayelsa State Nigeria." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 2, no. 2 (2020): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.2.2.258.

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Measuring tree species diversity is critical for forest management, particularly where timber species suffer undue anthropogenic pressure. This study was carried out in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A sample plot was systematically chosen from randomly selected communities in each of the three senatorial districts Bayelsa West (BW), Bayelsa East (BE) and Bayelsa Central (BC) of the State. Each sample plots measured 25 m x 25 m and all timber tree species that were at least six feet above ground level within each sample plot were identified, counted and measured. Fifty individual timbers were encount

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Kadetov, Nikita G., Svetlana P. Urbanavichute, Angelina E. Gnedenko, and Ekaterina N. Andryushkevich. "Dynamics of plant species number in postpyrogenic phytocoenoses of the Kerzhensky reserve." Anthropogenic Transformation of Nature 10, no. 2 (2024): 6–12. https://doi.org/10.17072/2410-8553-2024-2-6-12.

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An overview of changes in the herb-shrub layer number of species on permanent sample plots established in the Kerzhensky Reserve after the wildfires of 2010 is provided. It is shown that the nature of the change in this indicator is influenced by both the type of fire and the shape of the mesorelief to which the permanent sample plot is confined. The presence of maxima and minima in the number of species was noted. The similarity in the type of changes in the number of species for areas with crown and intense ground fires is shown.

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Shrestha, Bishnu Prasad, and B. P. Devkota. "Carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests in Salyan District, Nepal." Banko Janakari 23, no. 2 (2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v23i2.15478.

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Forests play an important role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Broadleaf Forests absorb more carbon as compared to the Pine Forests. Quantification of carbon in any vegetation and soil type is a basic step for evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of an ecosystem. To quantify the vegetation and soil carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests, above and below-ground biomass of both forests were estimated using stratified random sampling. Individual trees in the sample plots of both forest types were measured. Above-ground biomass of trees and saplings were estimated by using differe

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Hsu, Chia-Chun, Fu-Wen Horng, and Chen-Meng Kuo. "Epiphyte biomass and nutrient capital of a moist subtropical forest in north-eastern Taiwan." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 5 (2002): 659–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002432.

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A plot of 1200 m2 was selected to represent the average epiphyte abundance of a moist subtropical broadleaved forest at Fushan in north-eastern Taiwan. In this plot, all epiphytes of 18 sample trees with dbh > 5 cm were removed and weighed to estimate their biomass and nutrient content. We found that the biomass of epiphytes and their associated detrital matter in this plot was 3360 kg ha-1. The nutrient capital of the epiphytes (kg ha-1) was: N = 42.4, P = 1.9, Mg = 5.5, Na = 1.3, Ca = 14.5 and K = 28.9. Although the epiphytic biomass constituted less than 2% of the total above-ground biom

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McPherson, Robert M., and Robert B. Moss. "Soybean Looper and Velvetbean Caterpillar Control, 1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.219.

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Abstract Thirty-two insecticidal treatments were evaluated to determine their efficacy in controlling soybean loopers and velvetbean caterpillars in soybean. Insecticides were foliar-applied on 5 Sep in Test I and 7 Sep in Test II on 'Thomas' soybeans. The field was planted on 15 May in conventionally prepared seedbeds on 30 inch row spacings at the University of Georgia Southwest Branch Experiment Station at Plains, Ga. Individual plots were 5 rows × 20 ft long with 3-ft alleys at the beginning and end of plots. Each plot consisted of 3 treated rows with an untreated border row on each side.

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García, Oscar. "Scale and spatial structure effects on tree size distributions: implications for growth and yield modelling." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 11 (2006): 2983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-116.

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Diameter and other size distributions are extensively used in growth modelling. These are usually obtained from sample plot data and assumed to apply both at the stand level, of interest for production planning, and at the forest patch level, the level relevant for tree growth interactions. However, spatial correlation can cause distribution parameters and their estimates to vary with the extent of ground considered. Using mapped tree data from four forest stands in central Canada, it is shown that differences in DBH variance with plot size can be substantial. In addition, size correlations be

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Stephan, Konrad, Felix Weidinger, and Nils Boysen. "Layout Design of Parking Lots with Mathematical Programming." Transportation Science 55, no. 4 (2021): 930–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2021.1049.

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There is a vivid debate in cities all over the world on how to distribute the restricted space in urban areas among stakeholders. Urban design movements such as new pedestrianism or Copenhagenization advocate that too much space is attributed to cars. In this context, our research investigates the optimization of parking lots with the help of mathematical programming. For the given ground plot of a parking lot, we maximize the number of parking spaces each reachable via a driving lane, so that the urban space attributed to the parking of cars is efficiently used. Based on a grid of squares in

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Abd-Elrahman, Amr, Feng Wu, Shinsuke Agehara, and Katie Britt. "Improving Strawberry Yield Prediction by Integrating Ground-Based Canopy Images in Modeling Approaches." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040239.

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Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are highly perishable fruit. Timely prediction of yield is crucial for labor management and marketing decision-making. This study demonstrates the use of high-resolution ground-based imagery, in addition to previous yield and weather information, for yield prediction throughout the season at different intervals (3–4 days, 1 week, and 3 weeks pre-harvest). Flower and fruit counts, yield, and high-resolution imagery data were collected 31 times for two cultivars (‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Florida Beauty’) throughout the growing season. Orthorectified mosaic

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Fu, Liyong, Guangshuang Duan, Qiaolin Ye, et al. "Prediction of Individual Tree Diameter Using a Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Modeling Approach and Airborne LiDAR Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (2020): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071066.

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Rapidly advancing airborne laser scanning technology has become greatly useful to estimate tree- and stand-level variables at a large scale using high spatial resolution data. Compared with that of ground measurements, the accuracy of the inferred information of diameter at breast height (DBH) from a remotely sensed database and the models developed with traditional regression approaches (e.g., ordinary least square regression) may not be sufficient. Thus, this regression approach is no longer appropriate to develop accurate models and predict DBH from remotely sensed-related variables because

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Wang, Chu, Wangfei Zhang, Yongjie Ji, et al. "Estimation of Aboveground Biomass for Different Forest Types Using Data from Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, ALOS PALSAR-2, and GEDI." Forests 15, no. 1 (2024): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15010215.

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Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) is integral to the global carbon cycle and climate change study. Local and regional AGB mapping is crucial for understanding global carbon stock dynamics. NASA’s global ecosystem dynamics investigation (GEDI) and combination of multi-source optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) datasets have great potential for local and regional AGB estimation and mapping. In this study, GEDI L4A AGB data and ground sample plots worked as true AGB values to explore their difference for estimating forest AGB using Sentinel-1 (S1), Sentinel-2 (S2), and ALOS PALSAR-2 (PALSAR

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Tavella, L. B., P. S. L. Silva, V. R. Oliveira, P. L. O. Fernandes, and R. P. Sousa. "Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations." Planta Daninha 32, no. 1 (2014): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000100006.

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The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowin

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Akoteyon, Isaiah S. "Hydrochemical Studies of Ground Water in Parts of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria." Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series 6, no. 1 (2013): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bgeo-2013-0002.

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Abstract Groundwater samples were randomly collected from forty-five protected dug wells and thirteen boreholes in parts of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. Samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in situ. Cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate and carbonates) were determined in the laboratory after standard procedure. The study is aimed at examining the extent of groundwater pollution and its possible sources using multivariate and graphical techniques. Rockware software was used to characterize groun

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Brach, Michał, Wiktor Tracz, Grzegorz Krok, and Jakub Gąsior. "Feasibility of Low-Cost LiDAR Scanner Implementation in Forest Sampling Techniques." Forests 14, no. 4 (2023): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040706.

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Despite the growing impact of remote sensing technology in forest inventories globally, there is a continuous need for ground measurements on sample plots. Even though the newest volume assessment methodology requires fewer sample plots, the accuracy of ground-recorded data influences the final accuracy of forest stand modeling. Therefore, effective and economically justified tools are in the continuous interest of foresters. In the presented research, a consumer-grade light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor mounted on iPad was used for forest inventory sample plot data collection—including

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Asrijal, Asrijal, and Ambo Upe. "APLIKASI MULSA DI LAHAN SAWAH TADAH HUJAN TERHADAP SERAPAN HARA NITROGEN DAN POSFOR TANAMAN KEDELAI DAN JAGUNG." Journal TABARO Agriculture Science 1, no. 1 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tabaro.v1i1.12.

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Experiment research will be executed farm of rice field of sample of BPP Palaguna of Regency Wajo. Obstetrical Analysis hara of crop and land;ground in Laboratory of Fertility of Land;Ground of Faperta Unhas. This Research aim to to analyse the ability of absorption hara of crop of good maize and soy singlely with the Application Mulsa Wet ricefield dependant to rain Farm. Research will be done/conducted by using Factorial Device in Group ( RDG). First Factor that is crop type with three treatment level that is L1 = Soy; L2 = Maize; and L3 = Maize + Soy. Second Factor that is gift mulsa (M1) a

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Pfannenstiel, R. S., R. L. Meagher, and R. R. Saldana. "Aerial Insecticide Evaluation Against Mexican Rice Borer on Sugarcane, 1989." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, no. 1 (1990): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.291.

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Abstract Foliar spray concentrates were applied aerially to a field of 4th ratoon sugarcane in Cameron Co., near Bluetown, TX. The field was sectioned in plots consisting of 33 rows (60-inch centers) × 1530 ft, with the 11 treated rows in the center, and 11 buffer rows on either side. Insecticide treatments were randomly assigned to plots in a complete block design with 4 replications. Each spray was applied to the crop canopy on 55-ft swath widths (11 rows) at a rate of 5 gal finished formulation (material + water)/acre. Prespray counts of above-ground bored internodes and stalks containing i

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Yang, Jinming, Wenwen Yuan, Huicui Lu, et al. "Assessing the Performance of Handheld Laser Scanning for Individual Tree Mapping in an Urban Area." Forests 15, no. 4 (2024): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15040575.

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Precise individual tree or sample-based inventories derived from 3D point cloud data of mobile laser scanning can improve our comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, resilience, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of urban forests. This study assessed the performance of a handheld laser scanning system (HLS) for the extraction of tree position, diameter at breast height (DBH), and tree height (H) in an urban area. A total of 2083 trees of 13 species from 34 plots were analyzed. The results showed that the registration of tree positions using ground control points (GCPs) demons

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Magar, Lilu Kumari, and Gandhiv Kafle. "Assessing Carbon Sequestration in Agroforestry Systems in Churiya Range of Nepal." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 13, no. 4 (2025): 842–48. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v13i4.842-848.5826.

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Agroforestry is a system that combines household and community level food production ecosystem services along with income security. It has potential of carbon sequestration and puts a positive impact on balancing greenhouse gases. The research was carried out to assess the variability of carbon stock under the agro-forestry systems in Churiya range at Rakshirang Rural Municipality of Makwanpur district of Nepal. Thirty households were sampled for this study; ten households from each of three different systems namely, Agrisilviculture, Silvopasture and Homegarden for data collection. Simple ran

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