Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ground transportation systems and equipment'

We have come a long way in the pursuit of reducing our carbon footprint from our way of living, bycontinuously development of batteries and charging infrastructure for electric vehicles to decrease thedemand for fossil fuels, improving the overall energy efficiency and to increase awareness of the problemto the population. One of the industries, that during the last decades has undergone vast improvements,is the development of the airplane engines due to increased emission regulations, for the aviationindustry, and to reduce the costs of air travel. Despite tighter regulations, global impact from travellingby air is increasing due to the explosive increase in number of travels and travellers. In order to copewith the situation, it is of course necessary to further develop fuel and emission effective airplanes, butalso to study the whole chain of emission sources correlated to the air transport industry. So, whilewaiting for improved airplanes there are well known emission effective technologies that can beimplemented already today – implement electric vehicles as support vehicles at airports.Today, and throughout history, most of the focus of air travel has been on the airplane itself. This thesis,that was carried out at KTH Royal Institute of Technology during late spring and autumn 2018, didinstead study the support vehicles used in airports. In this thesis, a generic economic model wasdeveloped in order to estimate the costs involved when replacing traditionally vehicles to suggestedelectrically propelled alternatives. To test and support the development of an economic model, a casestudy has been carried out at Stockholm Arlanda Airport. This case study included a field study to thementioned airport, and in combination with interviews with former employees from one of the groundhandling companies that are currently active in the airport. Raw data was collected over the equipmentand vehicles currently in use. This data was used to describe the vehicles purpose, requirements and toensure that the alternative electric vehicles proposed would offer at least the same performance as thetraditional vehicles. The developed generic economic model was modulated with five stages thatrepresented a selection of input parameters. The collected data became a result in itself and was used asinput to three concurrent theses.The results from the five stages presents the costs during an investment period of between of one tofifteen years. One of the most significant result could be seen from Stage V. This stage showed that thecombined cost to replace all vehicles currently used, with either all new diesel vehicles or electricalternative vehicles, are lower for electric vehicles than for diesel vehicles. Another significant resultcould be seen from the investigation of Stage IV, Stage IV-B, were the model was modulated to representthe case of replacing a vehicle. The results showed that the Letter and Cargo procedures, that travel thefarthest and has the highest fuel consumption of the investigated vehicles, had negative costs throughthe whole investment period. This means that the expenses will always be lower when these vehicles arereplaced. The model was validated through a sensitivity analysis, performed on the discount rates,depreciation rates and as well as costs for battery replacement during the depreciation period.
Vi har kommit långt i vår strävan att minska vårt koldioxidavtryck genom vårat sätt att leva, genom attkontinuerligt utveckla batterier och laddningsinfrastruktur för elfordon med syftet att minskaefterfrågan på fossila bränslen, förbättra den totala energieffektiviteten och öka befolkningensmedvetenhet om problemet. En av de branscher, som under de senaste decennierna har genomgått storaförbättringar, är utvecklingen av flygplansmotorer och regler för flygplan. Men eftersom antaletflygresenärer fortsätter att öka årligen krävs ytterligare arbete för att förbättra den totala effektivitetenoch minska det negativa globala avtrycket från flygresor. Medan väntan på att morgondagens flygplanska utvecklas så finns det teknik som redan kan appliceras idag – elfordon.I dag, och genom historien, har det mesta av all fokus för flygresor varit på flygplanen själva. Dettaexamensarbete, som genomfördes på KTH, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, under den senare delen avvåren och hösten 2018, utredde istället de fordon som omger ett flygplan, under den tid flygplanet stårstilla på en flygplats. Under denna uppsats utvecklades en generisk ekonomiskmodell, med syftet attestimera kostnaderna att ersätta och använda elfordon istället för de nuvarande fordonen. För attutveckla den ekonomiska modellen genomfördes en fallstudie på Stockholm Arlanda Airport.Fallstudien innehöll en fältundersökning till den nämnda flygplatsen, och i kombination med intervjuermed tidigare anställda från ett av de marktjänstföretag som är verksamma på flygplatsen, insamladesrådata om vilken utrustning och fordon som vid tillfället användes. Denna data användes för att beskrivafordonens syfte, vilka krav som ställs på fordonen. Detta var för att säkerställa att det valda elfordonetkunde utföra uppgiften. Den utvecklade generiska ekonomiska modellen modulerades med fem steg,som representerade vilka indataparametrar som bör väljas. De insamlade uppgifterna blev ett resultat isig och användes som indata till tre samtidiga avhandlingar.Den generiska modellen resultat presenterade kostnaderna från de fem stegen under en varierandeinvesteringsperiod på ett till femton år. Ett av de viktigaste resultaten var från Steg V, som visade attden sammanlagda kostnaden för att ersätta alla de fordon som för närvarande används, med antingenalla nya dieselfordon eller elektriska alternativa fordon, är lägre för elfordon än för dieselfordon. Detandra betydande resultatet kommer från undersökningen av Steg IV, Steg IV-B. I Steg IV-B moduleradesmodellen i syfte att representera scenariot då ett fordon ska ersättas, där Letter och Cargo procedurernavar de som färdades längst och även har den högsta bränsleförbrukningen utav de undersökta fordonen,hade en negativ kostnad under hela investeringslängden. Detta betyder att kostnaderna alltid är lägre,om fordonet ersätts. Modellen har validerats med hjälp utav en känslighetsanalys som utfördes pådiskonteringsräntan, avskrivningssatsen och kostnader för ersättningsbatterier.

Thesis (Civil Engineering)--École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, 2002.
PDF document ; contains 333 pages, with illustrations and charts (some col.). "Thèse no. 2568 (2002)." Includes bibliographical references.

ITC/USA 2008 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fourth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 27-30, 2008 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California
As satellite ground systems migrate toward network-centric, distributed architectures, controlling remote ground equipment becomes a central issue. While many protocols and approaches exist that address remote control and status, there is little agreement on a common solution. Device vendors and system integrators commonly find themselves integrating multiple protocols to meet a wide range of requirements. Technologies change and new protocols evolve that result in yet more options to be considered. However, the fundamental aspects of device control remain constant. The Ground Equipment Monitoring Service (GEMS) seeks to define a standard model for device control independent of the underlying protocols and technologies. Using this approach, a wide range of protocols can be mapped to the GEMS model. Systems using different protocols can then rely on the common mapping and utilize translators to connect heterogeneous components with little integration costs. This paper describes the state of the specification and potential uses of the GEMS specification in Satellite Ground Systems. Interactions between the GEMS specification and other standards such as the CCSDS SLE Complex Management services are also presented.

Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-78).
Many of the nation's largest airports, including Los Angeles International Airport, the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Chicago O'Hare International Airport and Washington Dulles International Airport are located within areas designated by the EPA as having ambient particulate matter concentrations that exceed National Ambient Air Quality standards. When inhaled, fine particulate matter can enter the blood stream from the lungs and increase the risk of illness and premature mortality. This thesis examines the potential of two jet fuel types, ultra low sulfur jet fuel and synthetic paraffinic kerosene, to reduce aviation's contribution to ambient particulate matter concentrations. Scaling factors were developed for airport criteria pollutant emissions to model alternative jet fuels in aircraft and ground support equipment. These linear scaling factors were based on currently published studies comparing standard diesel and jet fuels with alternative jet fuels. It was found that alternative jet fuels lower or maintain all air pollutant emissions considered (primary particulate matter, sulfur oxides, nitrous oxides, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) for both aircraft and ground support equipment. To quantify the potential benefits of changing fuel composition on ambient particulate matter concentrations, a study of the Atlanta Hartsfield Jackson International Airport was completed using both emissions inventory analysis and atmospheric modeling. The atmospheric modeling captures both primary particulate matter and other emissions that react in the atmosphere to form secondary particulate matter. It was found that the use of an ultra low sulfur jet fuel in aircraft gas turbines could reduce the primary particulate matter inventory by 37% and synthetic paraffinic kerosene could reduce the primary particulate matter inventory by 64%. The atmospheric modeling predicts that an ultra low sulfur jet fuel in aircraft could reduce ambient particulate matter concentrations due to aircraft by up to 57% and synthetic paraffinic kerosene could reduce particulate matter concentrations due to aircraft by up to 67%. Thus, this study indicates that the majority of air quality benefits at Atlanta Hartsfield Jackson International Airport that could be derived from the two fuels considered can be captured by removing the sulfur from jet fuel through the use of an ultra low sulfur jet fuel.
by Pearl Donohoo.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

This project develops a quantitative method to evaluate the seismic risk for portable GSE at Vandenberg Air Force Base. Using the latest probability data available from the USGS, risk thresholds are defined for portable GSE having the potential to cause a catastrophic event. Additionally, an example tool for design engineers was developed from the seismic codes showing the tipping hazard case can be simplified into strict geometrical terms. The misinterpretation and confusion regarding the Range Safety 24 Hour Rule exemption can be avoided by assessing seismic risk for portable GSE. By using the methods herein to quantify and understand seismic risk, more informed risk decisions can be made by engineering and management. The seismic codes and requirements used and referenced throughout include but are not limited to IBC, ASCE 7, EWR 127-1, and AFSPCMAN 91-710.

Convective weather and other constraints create uncertainty in air transportation, leading to costly delays. A Ground Delay Program (GDP) is a strategy to mitigate these effects. Systematic decision support can increase GDP efficacy, reduce delays, and minimize direct operating costs. In this study, a decision analysis (DA) model is constructed by combining a decision tree and Bayesian belief network. Through a study of three New York region airports, the DA model demonstrates that larger GDP scopes that include more flights in the program, along with longer lead times that provide stakeholders greater notice of a pending program, trigger the fewest average arrival delays. These findings are demonstrated to result in a savings of up to $1,850 per flight. Furthermore, when convective weather is predicted, forecast weather confidences remain the same level or greater at least 70% of the time, supporting more strategic decision making. The DA model thus enables quantification of uncertainties and insights on causal relationships, providing support for future GDP decisions.

Ground transportation systems are essential for the mobility of people, goods and services. Thus, making sure these systems are resilient to the impact of natural and man-made disasters has become a top priority for engineers and policy makers. One of the major obstacles for increasing the resilience of ground transportation systems is the lack of a measuring framework. Such measuring framework is critical for identifying needs, monitoring changes, assessing improvements, and performing cost-benefit analysis. This research addresses this problem by developing a traffic-based framework for measuring the resilience of ground transportation systems under normal and extreme conditions. The research methodology consisted of: (1) creating a microscopic traffic model of the road under study, (2) simulating different intrusions and interventions, and (3) measuring the resilience of the system under the different scenarios using the framework developed. This research expanded the current definition of infrastructure resilience, which includes the assessment of system performance versus time, to add a third dimension of resilience for ground transportation system's applications, namely: location. This third dimension considers how the system changes along the different locations in the network, which reflects more accurately the continuous behavior of a ground transportation network. The framework was tested in a 24 km segment of Interstate 95 in Virginia, near Washington, D.C. Four hazard conditions were simulated: inadequate base capacity, traffic incidents, work zones, and weather events. Intervention strategies tested include ramp meters and the use of the shoulder lane during extreme events. Public policy was also considered as a powerful intervention strategy. The findings of this research shed light over the current and future resilience of ground transportation systems when subject to multiple hazards, and the effects of implementing potential interventions.
Ph. D.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Caterpillar Inc. has over 25 years of experience using instrument vans equipped with telemetry to support product testing. These vans provide the capability to instrument the product, to acquire telemetered data, and to analyze the data. They are being used in tests performed on construction and mining equipment at Caterpillar's proving grounds and at customer job sites throughout North America. This paper presents a design summary of the newest generation vans. It starts with an overview of the major subsystems and concentrates on the Caterpillar developed software that tightly integrates the various hardware and software components. This software greatly enhances the productivity of the system and makes it possible for the van to perform a large variety and quantity of tests required by our internal customers.

Many Climate Scientists believe that global warming will produce more extreme weather events such as tropical storms, hurricanes, intense rainfall, and flooding. These events are considered to be the most catastrophic natural events for transportation systems especially in coastal areas. Due to the severe damage from storm surge and flooding. Evaluating the magnitude of possible storm surges and their impacts on transportation systems in coastal areas is fundamental to developing adaptation plans and impact assessments to mitigate the damage. This thesis focuses on existing transportation systems in the Georgia coastal area that could be affected by several storm surges. An existing storm surge model is used to estimate the storm surges and the surge heights based on the category, direction, and forward speed of a storm. The ground elevation of the ports, interstates, state roads, railroads, and the principal airports on the Georgia coast are identified through a GIS analysis using the national elevation data set. Having the storm surge elevation and the elevation of the existing infrastructure, a GIS study is performed to identify those parts of the transportation system that will be affected by each type of storm giving results such as the length or sections of transportation assets under or above the surge elevation. A literature review of storm surge, rising sea levels, and their impacts on coastal bridges, roads, airports, ports, and railroads is presented in the thesis. Also, a description of the software used to analyze and estimate the impacts of climate change on transportation systems is described.

The rapid growth of E-commerce around the world has prompted related stakeholders to place a greater emphasis on automation. Catastrophes like pandemics are boosting the public demand for quick and efficient transportation, among others. Automated vehicle technologies are associated with the last-mile delivery operations that lead to improving sustainability and Smart Cities. In this context, Autonomous Vehicles are being explored as a viable urban logistics solution.This empirical thesis conducts a feasibility study to investigate the feasibility of incorporating an Autonomous Vehicle into E-commerce operations in Stockholm, Sweden. A case study is analyzed by foodora AB, a German company that operates as a distributor of food and goods in the Swedish market. The study provides a framework that depicts the issues faced by Q- commerce, Operational Planning, and Stakeholders, respectively when introducing Autonomous Vehicles. The results of the study’s qualitative and quantitative approach show that Stockholm's infrastructure is in line with the sustainability plans and is considered ready for droid operations. According to the findings, the utilization rate that is defined as the number of orders delivered per hour can be as high as 2.4 resulting in a high degree of customer satisfaction. However, regulations, classifications, weather conditions, and internet connectivity continue to be major challenges. Autonomous Vehicles must be included in legislative consideration as a mode of transportation in the future to facilitate operations and safety measures.
Den snabba tillväxten av e-handel runtom i världen har fått närstående intressenter att lägga större vikt vid automatisering. Katastrofer som pandemier ökar allmänhetens krav på bland annat snabba och effektiva transporter. Autonoma fordon är förknippade med ”last-mile” transporter av gods som leder till förbättrad hållbarhet och smarta städer. I detta sammanhang utforskas autonoma fordon som en livskraftig citylogistik-lösning.Denna empiriska avhandling genomför en genomförbarhetsstudie för att undersöka möjligheten att integrera ett autonomt fordon i e-handelsverksamheten i Stockholm, Sverige. I synnerhet analyseras en fallstudie av foodora AB, ett tyskt företag som är verksamma som distributör av matvaror på den svenska marknaden. Studien ger ett ramverk som visar de frågor som Q-handel, operativ planering respektive intressenter står inför vid ett införande av autonoma fordon. Resultaten av studiens kvalitativa och kvantitativa tillvägagångssätt visar att Stockholms infrastruktur är i linje med hållbarhetsplanerna och till synes redo för droid leveranser. Enligt resultaten kan utnyttjandegraden, definierad som antal utförda orderleveranser inom en timme, vara så hög som 2,4, vilket resulterar i en hög grad av kundtillfredsställelse. Regler, klassificeringar, väderförhållanden och internetanslutning är dock fortfarande stora utmaningar. Autonoma fordon måste tas med i lagstiftningen som ett transportmedel i framtiden för att underlätta drift och säkerhetsåtgärder.

[ES] Para proporcionar un entorno de tráfico vial más seguro y eficiente, los sistemas ITS o Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte representan como una solución dotada de avances tecnológicos de vanguardia. La integración de elementos de transporte como automóviles junto con elementos de infraestructura como RoadSide Units (RSUs) ubicados a lo largo de la vía de comunicación permiten ofrecer un entorno de red conectado con múltiples servicios, incluida conectividad a Internet. Esta integración se conoce con el término C-ITS o Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte Cooperativos. La conexión de automóviles con dispositivos de infraestructura permite crear redes vehiculares conectadas (V2X) vehículo a dispositivos, que ofrecen la posibilidad de nuevos despliegues en aplicaciones C-ITS como las relacionadas con la seguridad. Hoy en día, con el uso masivo de teléfonos inteligentes y debido a su flexibilidad y movilidad, existen varios esfuerzos para integrarlos con los automóviles. De hecho, con el soporte adecuado de unidad a bordo (OBU), los teléfonos inteligentes se pueden integrar perfectamente con las redes vehiculares, permitiendo a los conductores usar sus teléfonos inteligentes como dispositivos de bordo a que participan en los servicios C-ITS, con el objeto de mejorar la seguridad al volante entre otros. Tópico este, que hoy día representa un tema relevante de investigación. Un problema a solucionar surge cuando las comunicaciones vehiculares sufren inferencias y bloqueos de la señal debidos al escenario. De hecho, el impacto de la vegetación y los edificios, ya sea en áreas urbanas y rurales, puede afectar a la calidad de la señal. Algunas estrategias para mejorar la comunicación vehicular en este tipo de entorno consiste en desplegar UAVs o vehículo aéreo no tripulado (drones), los cuales actúan como enlaces de comunicación entre vehículos. De hecho, UAV ofrece importantes ventajas de implementación, ya que tienen una gran flexibilidad en términos de movilidad, además de un rango de comunicaciones mejorado. Para evaluar la calidad de las comunicaciones, debe realizarse un conjunto de mediciones. Sin embargo, debido al costo de las implementaciones reales de UAV y automóviles, los experimentos reales podrían no ser factibles para actividades de investigación con recursos limitados. Por lo tanto, los experimentos de simulación se convierten en la opción preferida para evaluar las comunicaciones entre UAV y vehículos terrestres. Lograr modelos de propagación de señal correctos y representativos que puedan importarse a los entornos de simulación se vuelve crucial para obtener un mayor grado de realismo, especialmente para simulaciones que involucran el movimiento de UAVs en cualquier lugar del espacio 3D. En particular, la información de elevación del terreno debe tenerse en cuenta al intentar caracterizar los efectos de propagación de la señal. En esta tesis doctoral, proponemos nuevos enfoques tanto teóricos como empíricos para estudiar la integración de redes vehiculares que combinan automóviles y UAVs, así mismo el impacto del entorno en la calidad de las comunicaciones. Esta tesis presenta una aplicación, una metodología de medición en escenarios reales y un nuevo modelo de simulación, los cuales contribuyen a modelar, desarrollar e implementar servicios C-ITS. Más específicamente, proponemos un modelo de simulación que tiene en cuenta las características del terreno en 3D, para lograr resultados confiables de comunicación entre UAV y vehículos terrestres.
[CAT] Per a proporcionar un entorn de trànsit viari més segur i eficient, els sistemes ITS o Sistemes Intel·ligents de Transport representen una solució dotada d'avanços tecnològics d'avantguarda. La integració d'elements de transport com auto móvils juntament amb elements d'infraestructura com Road Side Units (RSUs) situats al llarg de lav via de comunicació permeten oferir un entorn de xarxa connectat amb multiples serveis, inclusa connectivitat a Internet. Aquesta integració es connex amb el terme C-ITS o Sistemes Intel·ligents de Transport Cooperatius , com ara els automòbils, amb elements d'infraestructura, com ara les road side units (RSU) o pals situats al llarg de la carretera, per a aconseguir un entorn de xarxa que oferisca nous serveis a més de connectivitat a Internet. Aquesta integració s'expressa amb el terme C-ITS, o sistemes intel·ligents de transport cooperatius. La connexió d'automòbils amb dispositius d'infraestructura permet crear xarxes vehiculars connectades (V2X) vehicle a dispositiu, que ofreixen la possibilitat de nous desplegaments en aplicacions C-ITS, com ara les relacionades amb la seguretat. Avui dia, amb l'ús massiu dels telèfons intel·ligents, i a causa de la flexibilitat i mobilitat que presenten, es fan esforços per integrar-los amb els automòbils. De fet, amb el suport adequat d'unitat a bord (OBU), els telèfons intel·ligents es poden integrar perfectament amb les xarxes vehiculars, permetent als conductors usar els seus telèfons intel·ligents com a dispositius per a participar en els serveis de C-ITS, a fi de millorar la seguretat al volant entre altres. Tòpic est, que hui dia representa un tema rellevant d'investigació. Un problema a solucionar sorgeix quan les comunicacions vehiculars ateixen inferències i bloquejos del senyal deguts a l'escenari. De fet, l'impacte de la vegetació i els edificis, tant en àrees urbanes com rurals, pot afectar la qualitat del senyal. Algunes estratègies de millorar la comunicació vehicular en aquest tipus d'entorn consisteix a desplegar UAVs o vehicles aeris no tripulats (drones), els quals actuen com a enllaços de comunicació entre vehicles. De fet, l'ús d'UAVs ofereix importants avantatges d'implementació, ja que tenen una gran flexibilitat en termes de mobilitat, a més d'un rang de comunicacions millorat. Per a avaluar la qualitat de les comunicacions, s'han de realitzar mesures en escenaris reals. No obstant això, a causa del cost de les implementacions i desplegaments reals d'UAV i el seu ús combinat amb vehicles, aquests experiments reals podrien no ser factibles per a activitats d'investigació amb recursos limitats. Per tant, la metodologia basada en simulació es converteixen en l'opció preferida entre els investigadors per a avaluar les comunicacions entre UAV i vehicles terrestres. Aconseguir models de propagació de senyal correctes i representatius que puguen importar-se als entorns de simulació resulta crucial per a obtenir un major grau de realisme, especialment per a simulacions que involucren el moviment d'UAV en qualsevol lloc de l'espai 3D. En particular, cal tenir en compte la informació d'elevació del terreny per a intentar caracteritzar els efectes de propagació del senyal. En aquesta tesi doctoral proposem enfocaments tant teòrics com empírics per a estudiar la integració de xarxes vehiculars que combinen automòbils i UAV, així com l'impacte de l'entorn en la qualitat de les comunicacions. Aquesta tesi presenta una aplicació, una metodología de mesurament en escenaris reals i un nou model de simulació, els quals contribueixen a modelar, desenvolupar i implementar serveis C-ITS. Més específicament, proposem un model de simulació que té en compte les característiques del terreny en 3D, per a aconseguir resultats fiables de comunicació entre UAV i vehicles terrestres.
[EN] To provide a safer road traffic environment and make it more convenient, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) are proposed as a solution endowed with cutting-edge technological advances. The integration of transportation elements like cars together with infrastructure elements like Road Side Units to achieve a networking environment offers new services in addition to Internet connectivity. This integration comes under the term Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS). Connecting cars with surrounding devices forming vehicular networks in Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) open new deployments in C-ITS applications like safety-related ones. With the massive use of smartphones nowadays, and due to their flexibility and mobility, several efforts exist to integrate them with cars. In fact, with the right support from the vehicle's On-Board Unit (OBU), smartphones can be seamlessly integrated with vehicular networks. Hence, drivers can use their smartphones as a device to participate in C-ITS services for safety purposes, among others, which is a quite interesting research topic. A significant problem arises when vehicular communications face signal obstructions caused by the environment. In fact, the impact of vegetation and buildings, whether in urban and rural areas, can result in a lower signal quality. One way to enhance vehicular communication networks is to deploy Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to act as relays for communication between cars, or ground vehicles. In fact, UAVs offer important deployment advantages, as they offer great flexibility in terms of mobility, in addition to an enhanced communications range. To assess the quality of the communications, a set of measurements must take place. However, due to the cost of real deployments of UAVs and cars, real experiments might not be feasible for research activities with limited resources. Hence, simulation experiments become the preferred option to assess UAV-to- car communications. Achieving correct and representative signal propagation models that can be imported to the simulation environments becomes crucial to obtain a higher degree of realism, especially for simulations involving UAVs moving anywhere throughout the 3D space. In particular, terrain elevation information must be taken into account when attempting to characterize signal propagation effects. In this research work, we propose both theoretical and empirical approaches to study the integration of vehicular networks combining cars and UAVs, and we study the impact of the surrounding environment on the communications quality. An application, a measurement framework, and a simulation model are presented in this thesis in an effort to model, develop, and deploy C-ITS services. More specifically, we propose a simulation model that takes into account 3D terrain features to achieve reliable UAV-to-car communication results.
I want to thank the Spanish government through the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Union Commission through the European Social Fund (ESF) for co-financing and granting me the fellowship to fund my studies in Spain and my research stay in Russia. In addition, I would to thank the National Institute of Informatics for granting me the internship fund and the Japanese government through the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) for supporting my research work in Japan.
Hadiwardoyo, SA. (2019). Modelling and Real Deployment of C-ITS by Integrating Ground Vehicles and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/118796
TESIS

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
This thesis evaluates the Acquisition Plans of two US Army Command, Control and Communications (C3) systems: Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE) and the Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS), both of which are components of the Army Tactical Command and Control System (ATCCS). The study examines the defense acquisition process through the comparison of the Acquisition Plans and lessons learned for these two programs, and determines if there is an optimal strategy for the Army to use when acquiring tactical C3 systems. An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the two Acquisition Plans, and an evaluation of the similarities and differences of two programs, concludes that the MSE Acquisition Plan proved more successful than its SINCGARS counterparts because of its Non-Developmental Item approach. This study recommends maximum use of the NDI strategy for acquiring C3 systems whenever possible

After decades of standstill in intercity passenger rail in the United States, the Obama administration recently started major initiatives to implement high-speed ground transportation projects that are expected to improve the nation's transportation system significantly, addressing most prevailing issues like congestion and energy prices while having positive effects on the economy. This study evaluates and compares two high-speed ground transportation systems that have the potential to improve intercity passenger transportation in the United States significantly: the wheel-on-rail high-speed system and the high-speed maglev system. Both high-speed ground transportation systems were evaluated with respect to 58 characteristics organized into 7 categories associated with technology, environmental impacts, economic considerations, user-friendliness, operations, political factors, and safety. Based on the performance of each system in each of the 58 characteristics, benefit values were assigned. In order to weight the relative importance of the different characteristics, a survey was conducted with transportation departments and transportation professionals. The survey produced weighting factors scoring each of the 58 characteristics and the 7 categories. Applying a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, the overall utility values for either system were calculated based on the benefit values from the systems comparison and the weighting factors from the survey. It was shown that the high-speed maglev system is generally slightly superior over the wheel-on-rail high-speed system. Because the magnitude of the difference in the overall performance of both transportation systems is not very big, it is recommended that every project in the high-speed intercity passenger transportation market consider both HSGT systems equally.

碩士
義守大學
土木與生態工程學系碩士班
94
Intelligent Transportation Systems have been going through a phase of an all-out promotion in Taiwan. Every kind of ITS equipment procurement is already in full swing. This study proposes a strict selection model to prevent problems from occurring during the tender process for construction and the evaluation procedure of ITS equipment procurement. This model adopts Modified Delphi Method to set up effective evaluation criteria, and makes the most of Analytic Hierarchy Process to determine each criterion’s weight through a consistent analysis by surveying a number of experts. Then this study simulates a tender event, referring to AHP weighted criteria and the selection committee’s standards for evaluation, respectively using the General Score Technique, Ranking Method and Price Per Score Point Method of The Most Advantageous Tender evaluation system to analyze each bidder’s performance according to Simple Additive Weighting Method. This study, based on AHP, divides the criteria into three levels. Intelligent Traffic Equipment Effective Decision Evaluation Criteria level is the target level. There are five criteria at the first level, and 24 evaluation criteria at the second level. After the calculation with the decision analysis software, Expert Choice 2000, the study finds that at the first level, the criterion Effectiveness (34.8%) takes the first place. From second to fifth are User (25.7%), Manager (16.6%), Equipment (12.5%) and Economics (10.4%). Meanwhile, at the second level, the criteria Traveling Time and Cost Reduction (10.8%) are the most urgently important. Next two are Safety Improvement (10.3%) and Road Efficiency Increase (9.3%). The simulated tender event is operated by referring to Kaohsiung City’s ATMS construction to simulate a tender invitation document and three bidders’ service proposals for experts to evaluate. After adopting the three methods, the General Score Technique, Ranking Method and Price Per Score Point Method, of The Most Advantageous Tender evaluation system for assessment, all of the results show that bidder B wins. Hence, it is apparent that the application of this study’s model is stable. Moreover, most of the results of the professional evaluation members are tending to be consistent except the one from the governmental evaluation members shows difference. This present study establishes an objective and strict ITS Equipment Procurement Model, proposes criteria to set up the regulation, weighting method and selection method, and simulates a tender event for an experiment on selecting the assistant service supplier and the host service supplier. This model can solve problems which may occur in the modern Most Advantageous Tender evaluation system, such as eliminating the disturbances for the committee to evaluate the suppliers’ proposals, reducing the difficulties for the authorities to determine the weighting and evaluation categories, and removing the influences of the experts during evaluation. Furthermore, this study deals with the ITS tender case according to multi-target evaluation criteria, hoping to meet the needs of the system much better in order to prevent controversies from happening in the future.

Lau Wai Hung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
abstract --- p.I
摘要 --- p.II
acknowledgement --- p.III
table of contents --- p.IV
list of figures --- p.VI
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- introduction --- p.1
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- literature review --- p.4
Chapter 2.1 --- Traffic data collection methods --- p.4
Chapter 2.2 --- Vision-based traffic monitoring techniques --- p.6
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Vehicle tracking approaches --- p.7
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Image processing techniques --- p.10
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- methodology --- p.15
Chapter 3.1 --- Solution Concept --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- System Framework --- p.18
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Edge Detection Module --- p.20
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Background Update Module --- p.22
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Feature Extraction Modules --- p.25
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- experiments and evaluation --- p.41
Chapter 4.1 --- Setup and Data Collection --- p.41
Chapter 4.2 --- Evaluation Criteria --- p.42
Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.44
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparing overall accuracies --- p.44
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Accuracies for different traffic conditions --- p.46
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Comparing balanced sampling and random sampling --- p.48
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Comparing day and night conditions --- p.50
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Testing on time-series of images --- p.52
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- analysis --- p.54
Chapter 5.1 --- Strengths and Weaknesses --- p.54
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Sobel Edge Histogram --- p.54
Chapter 5.1.2 --- Horizontal Line Detection --- p.55
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Block Detection --- p.56
Chapter 5.1.4 --- Combined Learning --- p.57
Chapter 5.1.5 --- Overall Framework --- p.58
Chapter 5.2 --- Future Research --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Static image based monitoring combined with other traffic monitoring approaches --- p.59
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Horizontal Line Detection as tracked features of vehicles --- p.60
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Application in aerial image-based system --- p.60
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- conclusion --- p.62
bibliography --- p.63
appendix a sobel edge detection --- p.66
appendix b neural network setup --- p.67
appendix c numerical results --- p.69

Competitive and high-risk environments require complex high technology systems, which need to be supported and maintained over their respective life cycles. These systems often have a significant consequence of failure, and require complex management systems to achieve their operational objectives. Significant leadership and management challenges exist, not only in South Africa, but also in other developing countries, where systems may be utilised beyond the lifespan they were designed for and are susceptible to obsolescence. This study was conducted by following a structured process; the research consisted of three stages. The first stage dealt with the research problem, including the delimitations of the study. The second stage was further divided into three phases. The first phase deconstructed the appropriate literature, which included the interpretation of numerous definitions of logistics, integrated logistics support, and the integrated logistics support elements. In addition, the research was grounded in the fields of operations management, supply chain management and integrated logistics support. The second phase focused on the deconstruction of six case studies from four different high technology complex systems. From the analysis of the first two phases followed the third phase of research, which focused on the identification of areas requiring further research. Further research was conducted by means of a questionnaire, the results of which were analysed for variable dependency and variable association. The third stage of the research included the collation and analysis of the findings of the first two stages of research. The analysis utilised the principles of Mode 2 research and design science research, whereby an ILS framework and associated grounded technological rules have been recommended. These recommendations are robust in nature, as they can be applied in the most challenging environment and circumstances as identified. Furthermore, by grounding the theory in the disciplines of operations management, supply chain management and integrated logistics support, the reliability, validity, relevance, and applicability of the study could be substantiated. This implied that the generated theoretical knowledge could be transferred to and applied in practice, and as such, an organisation can reap substantial value added benefits, and gain considerable competitive advantage in the market place by applying this developed ILS framework and associated ILS grounded technological rules.
Business Leadership
D. BL.