Academic literature on the topic 'Groundnut Productivity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Groundnut Productivity"
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Njoki, Loise, Sheila Okoth, Peter Wachira, Abigael Ouko, and Victor Kagot. "Status of Groundnut Production in Africa: A Review From 2012 to 2022." Journal of Agricultural Science 16, no. 10 (2024): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n10p50.
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Food safety, and security remains a major concern in developing nations. Groundnuts rank the second globally in oil seed production after soya beans and the 11th most important crop for human intake. Limited productivity against the potential of existing crops due to biotic, abiotic, market, and policy factors causes the poor food production trends. This work uses a systematic review approach to determine the productivity of groundnut as a major food crop in Africa for the last 10 years based on the trend of declining yields of groundnut in this duration, and the role of influencing factors. The extracted data is summarized creating a feasible proposal on how the productivity, and quality of the crop could be improved to meet the food security need. Among the top 11 producers of groundnuts in Africa, West Africa accounts for 55% with regions like Nigeria, and Senegal having the highest productivity of 3.3 t, and 1.1 t respectively over the last ten years. In East Africa, Sudan has the highest production of 2.04 t over the 10 years. Despite being the second continent in the size of area under production of groundnut, Africa has the lowest average yields per hectare (1 t/ha), compared to America (3 t/ha), and Asia (1.8 t/ha). Regions that used improved varieties had higher yield than those using local varieties, and less technologies. High disease infestation shows a direct correlation with declining yields of groundnut. Therefore, the low productivity of groundnuts could be associated with social, cultural, and economic factors that create disparities in accessing improved technologies, farming, production and marketing resources. Development of improved varieties and policies in the region that support improved agronomic inputs are feasible practices for attaining cultivars that resist the yield, and quality limiting parameters.
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J, Ronak, and Yadav R. "Efficient Groundnut Destoner: Enhancing Farm Productivity." Ergonomics International Journal 8, no. 2 (2024): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000325.
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GHOSH, P. K., M. C. MANNA, D. DAYAL, and R. H. WANJARI. "Carbon sequestration potential and sustainable yield index for groundnut- and fallow-based cropping systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 144, no. 3 (2006): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006046.
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Soil organic carbon storage encompasses both soil productivity and environmental capabilities. The influence of fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels (0 NP, 0·5 NP, 1·0 NP (recommended standard) or 1·5 NP) on total system productivity, sustainable yield index and soil organic carbon storage in Vertisols (Typic Haplustert) under groundnut and fallow-based cropping systems were examined in a field experiment over 6 years. The aim was to identify a system that provided an acceptable balance between total system productivity and soil organic carbon restoration. The experiment comprised two rainy season crops (groundnut or fallow) and five post-rainy season crops (wheat, mustard, chickpea, sunflower or summer groundnut), each post-rainy season crop with four levels of NP fertilizer. The total system productivity was 130% higher in the groundnut-based than in the fallow-based system and was in the order: groundnut–groundnut>groundnut–chickpea>groundnut–wheat>groundnut–mustard>groundnut–sunflower. The sustainable yield index was highest in the groundnut–groundnut system. The gross C input was relatively higher in the groundnut-based system but the C loss rate was greater. The amount of residue needed per ha per year to compensate for loss of soil organic carbon was estimated to be 4·3 t in the fallow-based and 7·6 t in the groundnut–based cropping system. Though the total system productivity was greater in groundnut–groundnut and groundnut–chickpea systems, soil organic carbon declined. The groundnut–wheat system contributed more C, particularly root biomass C, than other systems, improved the restoration of soil organic carbon and maintained total system productivity. It was concluded that current fertilizer recommendations are adequate for maintaining yields in groundnut-based systems but the addition of crop residues at regular intervals along with fertilizer is necessary to maintain restoration of soil organic carbon.
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Sagar, K. G. "Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separation Machine." Research and Development in Machine Design 6, no. 3 (2023): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10212710.
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<i>The majority of land in India is used for agriculture, which generates commodities or semi-finished products. Additionally, peanuts are an agricultural semi-finished product. The process of groundnut shelling is characterised by its labour-intensive nature and the considerable amount of time it requires, frequently necessitating human intervention. This phenomenon has the potential to result in decreased productivity and provide a risk of harm to employees. Groundnut is grown on small-scale farmers in developing countries, such as India. The average kernel price is approximately twice the price of pod. Lack of groundnut processing machines, especially groundnut Sheller, is a major problem in groundnut production, particularly in India. In order to tackle these issues, a groundnut shelling and separation machine was conceptualised and constructed. The machine is comprised of many components, including a hopper, shelling chamber, separation chamber, and blower unit. The groundnuts are introduced into the hopper and then transported to the shelling chamber by a screw auger mechanism. The shelling chamber is comprised of a drum that rotates and has shelling ribs, as well as a stationary drum that features perforated holes. The process involves the use of shelling ribs to effectively remove the shells from the groundnuts by a rubbing action. The shelled groundnuts thereafter descend through the perforated apertures into the separating chamber. This work focused on the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine electrically powered by a ½ hp motor. The machine is capable of processing 400 kilograms of ground peanuts per day with shelling and separation efficiencies of 95.25 percent and 91.65 percent, respectively. This paper describes on the design of various components of the groundnut shell and separation machine. During the process of testing, it was observed that majority of the groundnut pods that came out unshelled or partially shelled were the ones with one seed per pod and those with two small seeds in their pods. The use of a groundnut shelling and separation machine has the potential to enhance the efficacy and security of groundnut processing operations. Additionally, it has the potential to reduce the expenses associated with groundnut goods</i>
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Abdulai, Haruna, Raphael Adu-Gyamfi, Vicent K. Avornyo, et al. "Enhancing Indigenous Cropping Systems under Climate Change: A Case Study of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) in Northern Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Science 17, no. 1 (2024): 84. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v17n1p84.
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Due to the continuous cropping of maize and groundnuts on the same land in northern Ghana for livelihood, production yields have declined significantly below potential levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological limitations affecting maize and groundnut productivity in northern Ghana and also to analyze the socioeconomic constraints impacting the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Five cropping systems (viz. sole continuous maize (SCM), sole continuous groundnut (SCG), maize-groundnut intercrop (MGI), groundnut/maize rotation (GMR) and maize/groundnut rotation (MGR)), each with or without fertilizer were established under RCBD at Nyankpala during the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons. For the fertilized rotation treatments, the maize crop received 60-N, 40-P2O5, and 40-K2O, kg/ha, while the groundnut crop received 20-N, 40-P2O5, and 40-K2O, kg/ha using NPK 11, 22, 21, kg/ha with trace elements S, Zn and B. The cropping systems were characterised on grain yields, yield related parameters, resource use and economic returns on investments. The results showed that intercrop and rotation treatments gave better yields. Their land equivalent ratios (LER) were 1.2 and 1.09 respectively, in the two seasons. Maize grain yield under the rotation increased from 2.5 to 3.8 t/ha while groundnut pod yield increased from 0.6 to 0.9 t/ha. The system with highest economic returns was recorded for the rotation systems either with or without fertilizer application. To improve livelihoods and productivity, smallholder farmers in northern Ghana should adopt intercrop and rotation systems, incorporate fertilizer application, and consider soil fertility management practices. Policy support and extension services can facilitate the adoption of these sustainable agricultural practices.
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Terna, Tersoo Paul, Nathaniel Joseph, and James Inam Okogbaa. "Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungi Responsible for Foliar Diseases of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Lafia." Proceedings of the Faculty of Science Conferences 1 (March 26, 2025): 89–92. https://doi.org/10.62050/fscp2024.508.
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Foliar diseases of groundnuts are important determinants of yield and productivity of the crop. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the pathogenicity of fungi responsible for foliar diseases of groundnut in Lafia. Tissues of groundnut leaves showing signs of discoloration, and spots, were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for isolation of in-dwelling fungi. A total of 48 isolates belonging to five genera, namely Fusarium, Rhizomucor, Curvularia, Epicoccum, and Aureobasidium were recovered. The identified species were Fusarium incarnatum, Rhizomucor spp., Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum nigrum, and Aureobasidium pullulans. Results of pathogenicity test showed that Rhizomucor spp. produced the highest leaf spots (60.00%), followed by Aureobasidium pullulans (55.00%), Epicoccum nigrum (30.00%), Curvularia lunata (16.67%), and Fusarium incarnatum (12.33%). However, differences in the severity of leaf spots caused by the different fungal pathogens were not significant (P>0.05). The study revealed that fungi isolated from symptomatic leaves of groundnuts were pathogenic, producing varying percentages of leaf spots on inoculated leaves. Therefore, there is a need to control fungal contamination of groundnut leaves in order to improve crop health and enhance yield of groundnuts.
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Chakraborti, Mandira, and A. K. Singh. "Impact of frontline demonstration on groundnut productivity in South Tripura district." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 20, no. 1 (2024): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/20.1/187-190.
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In South Tripura district groundnut is grown in very small pocket using local varieties. In general, farmers do not follow scientific package of practices and not using the improved variety due to which the productivity of groundnut is only 1200 kg/ha. With a view to increase the productivity level of groundnut in the district total 80 numbers of demonstration has been taken covering 17 ha area in six selected villages during Kharif and Rabi season of 2011and 2012 by KVK, South Tripura. The objective of the FLD on groundnut was to demonstrate the potential of improved varieties and technologies to the farmers. Awareness programme and training on scientific cultivation practices of groundnut was conducted before starting the demonstration programme. Besides imparting training, printed leaflets on groundnut were distributed among the farmers for their ready reference. Field day programme was also conducted in the farmer’s field in standing crop. Improved variety of groundnut viz. GG-7 and GG- 20 were demonstrated for obtaining higher yield as compared to local varieties and traditional method of cultivation. Increase in yield percentage varies from 26.83 to 50.43% for both the varieties over the local check. Farmers earned upto Rs. 38550/- for both the varieties by selling the groundnut in the local market.
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P, DEVASENAPATHY, MYLSWAMI V, CHRISTOPHER LOURDURAJ A, and RABINDRAN R. "INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINED PRODUCTIVITY." Madras Agricultural Journal 82, April (1995): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01194.
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Studies conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Aliyarnagar to evaluate the integrated farming system revealed that by adoption of integrated farming system with groundnut - black gram maize/ groundnut - gingelly ragi with integration of other enterprises Viz, dairy, fish culture, poultry and rabbit rearing resulted in higher net income, benefit cost ratio and higher employment opportunities as compared to conventional cropping system.
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Desai, Chetan, A.L. JAT, S.K. SHAH, and A.G. DESAI. "Effect of relay intercropping of castor in kharif groundnut on system productivity and economic returns." Indian Journal of Agronomy 69, no. 4 (2024): 439–42. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i4.406.
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Castor and groundnut are important oilseed crop in India. Groundnut crop is sown at the onset of monsoon and while castor is grown in September in Gujarat. Hence, castor crop can be sown as relay intercrop in groundnut. It may increase crop production and profitability of farmers. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Centre for Oilseeds Research, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the feasibility of castor as relay intercropping in kharif groundnut during 2019–20 to 2021–22. Significantly higher groundnut equivalent yield (4,479 kg/ha) was found with groundnut + castor (4:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (180 cm × 120 cm)] relay inter cropping which was at par with groundnut + castor (3:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (150 cm × 120 cm)].
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Desai, Chetan, A.L. JAT, S.K. SHAH, and A.G. DESAI. "Effect of relay intercropping of castor in kharif groundnut on system productivity and economic returns." Indian Journal of Agronomy 69, no. 4 (2024): 439–42. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i4.5548.
Full textAbstract:
Castor and groundnut are important oilseed crop in India. Groundnut crop is sown at the onset of monsoon and while castor is grown in September in Gujarat. Hence, castor crop can be sown as relay intercrop in groundnut. It may increase crop production and profitability of farmers. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Centre for Oilseeds Research, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the feasibility of castor as relay intercropping in kharif groundnut during 2019–20 to 2021–22. Significantly higher groundnut equivalent yield (4,479 kg/ha) was found with groundnut + castor (4:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (180 cm × 120 cm)] relay inter cropping which was at par with groundnut + castor (3:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (150 cm × 120 cm)].
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Groundnut Productivity"
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Marshall, Fiona M. "Resource partitioning and productivity of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12206/.
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The productivity of two spatial arrangements of a perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry system was examined in relation to the capture and use of light and water and alterations in microclimatic conditions. Line planted (5.4 m alleys) and dispersed arrangements (1.8 x 1.2 m spacing) of pigeonpea were compared, using populations of 0.5 plants m2 for pigeonpea and 33 plants m2 (0.3 x 0.1 m spacing) for groundnut in both treatments. Sole pigeonpea and groundnut treatments were included for comparison. The experiment was conducted between July 1989 and March 1991 on a 0.6 ha plot of Alfisol at ICRISAT Center, Andhra Pradesh, India, using a randomised block design with four replications. The first groundnut harvest took place in October 1989, while pigeonpea was harvested for grain and fodder in January 1990, and was cut to a height of 0.5 m during the 1990 dry season and again in August 1990 after a second groundnut crop was sown. The second groundnut harvest took place in November 1990 and the final pigeonpea grain harvest was in January 1991. Light interception, soil and leaf temperatures and saturation deficit were continuously monitored in all treatments and at various distances from the pigeonpea in the line and dispersed treatments, whilst windspeed was monitored at a single location in each treatment. Regular destructive samples of groundnut were used to establish effects on growth and development and the results were considered in relation to the concurrent physical measurements to determine the environmental factors influencing productivity. In order to establish a water balance, rainfall records were maintained, runoff plots were installed and soil moisture content was measured regularly throughout the drying cycle. Transpiration by pigeonpea was monitored using a heat balance technique, while transpiration by groundnut and soil surface evaporation were estimated from micrometeorological data. As pigeonpea is initially slow growing, there was little reduction in groundnut yield in either the line or dispersed treatments in 1989 and there was a slight intercrop advantage in overall biomass production when expressed in the terms of the land equivalent ratios. In 1990, groundnut pod yield was reduced by 20 and 44 % in the line and dispersed treatments relative to the sole crop, despite substantial increases in the light conversion coefficient for the shaded groundnut. The lower pod yield resulted from the delayed onset of pod initiation and a slower rate of development, and was mainly due the effects of shading by the pigeonpea canopy, although mild water stress may have been a minor contributory factor. The small reductions in saturation deficit and soil and leaf temperatures experienced by the shaded groundnut had a negligible effect on growth and development. There was a considerable increase in overall biomass production in the line and dispersed treatments as compared with 1989 due to rapid pigeonpea growth, which reflected an increase in overall resource use rather than in the light conversion coefficient or water use ratios of the systems. The influence of spatial arrangement on the growth and productivity of pigeonpea became apparent after the 1990 dry season. Biomass production by pigeonpea in the dispersed treatment was approximately double that of the line planting between August 1990 and January 1991. This was entirely due to increased transpiration by the dispersed pigeonpea as a result of greater utilisation of stored soil moisture and reduced losses by surface evaporation and deep drainage. There was no difference in the water use ratio. To examine further the mechanisms responsible for the differences in productivity and water use by the line and dispersed pigeonpea, trench profile methodology was used to examine the root systems in December 1990. The root system of the dispersed pigeonpea was distributed over the entire 2.0 m depth x 2.7 m width exposed soil profile, whilst that of the line arrangement occupied no more than 50 % of the same area. The results of this work are discussed in relation to previous studies of resource use and productivity in intercropping and agroforestry systems, and possible applications and future developments are considered. Finally, the major physical and socioeconomic factors determining the potential of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems for adoption by farmers in semi-arid India are discussed.
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Deiveegan, M. "Mapping and modeling groundnut growth and productivity in rainfed areas of Tamil Nadu." Thesis, 2017. http://oar.icrisat.org/10268/1/Deiveegan_Ph.D_Thesis.pdf.
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A research study was conducted at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
during kharif and rabi 2015 to estimate groundnut area, model growth and productivity and
assess the vulnerability of groundnut to drought using remote sensing techniques.
Multi temporal Sentinel 1A satellite data at VV and VH polarization with 20 m spatial
resolution was acquired from May, 2015 to January, 2016 at 12 days interval and processed
using MAPscape-RICE software. Continuous monitoring was done for ground truth on crop
parameters in twenty monitoring sites and validation exercise was done for accuracy
assessment. Input files on soil, weather and management practices were generated and crop
coefficients pertaining to varieties were developed to assess growth and productivity of
groundnut using DSSAT CROPGRO-Peanut model. Outputs from remote sensing and
DSSAT model were assimilated to generate LAI thereby groundnut yield spatially and
validated against observed yields. Being a rainfed crop, vulnerability of groundnut to drought
was assessed integrating different meteorological and spectral indices viz., Standardized
Precipitation Index (SPI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Water
Requirement Satisfaction Index (WRSI).Spectral dB curve of groundnut was generated using temporal multi date Sentinel 1A
data. A detailed analysis of temporal signatures of groundnut showed a minimum at sowing
and a peak at pod development stage and decreasing thereafter towards maturity. Groundnut
crop expressed a significant temporal behaviour and large dynamic range (-11.74 to -5.31 in
VV polarization and -20.04 to -13.05 in VH polarization) during its growth period.
Groundnut area map was generated using maximum likelihood classifier integrating
multi temporal features with a classification accuracy of 87.2 per cent and a kappa score of
0.74. The total classified groundnut area in the study districts was 88023 ha covering 17817
and 22582 ha in Salem and Namakkal districts during kharif 2015 while Villupuram and
Tiruvannamalai districts accounted for 22722 and 24903 ha respectively during rabi 2015.
Blockwise statistics on groundnut area during both seasons were also generated.
To model growth and productivity of groundnut in DSSAT, weather and soil input
files were generated using weatherman and ‘S’ build respectively besides deriving genetic
coefficients for CO 6, TMV 7 and VRI 2 varieties of groundnut.
Growth and development variables of groundnut were simulated using CROPGROPeanut
model i.e., days to emergence (7-9 days) and anthesis (25-32 days), canopy height
(63 to 70 cm), maximum LAI (1.12 to 3.07) and biomass (4176 to 9576 kg ha-1 across twenty
monitoring locations spatially. The resultant pod yield was simulated to be 1796 to 3060 kg
ha-1 with a harvest index of 0.28 to 0.43.
On comparison of LAI between observed (2.01 to 4.05) and simulated values
(1.12 to 3.07) the CROPGRO-Peanut model was found to under estimate the values with R2,
RMSE and NRMSE of 0.82, 1.10 and 34 per cent. However, the model predicted the biomass
of groundnut with an agreement of 89 per cent through the simulated values of 4176 to9576
kg ha-1 as against the observed biomass to 4620 to 9959 kg ha-1.
The simulated pod yields of groundnut in the study area were 1796 to 3060 kg ha-1 as
compared to the observed yields of 2115 to 2750 kg ha-1. The overall agreement between
simulated and observed yields was 84 per cent with the average errors of 0.81, 342 kg ha-1
and 16 percent for R2, RMSE and NRMSE respectively.
LAI values of groundnut, generated spatially through suitable regression models using
dB from satellite images and LAI from DSSAT, ranged from 1.31 to 3.23 with R2, RMSE
and NRMSE of 0.86, 0.78 and 24 per cent respectively on comparison with observed values.
Remote sensing based spatial estimation resulted in groundnut pod yields of 1570 to 3102 kg
ha-1 across the study districts of Salem, Namakkal, Tiruvannamalai and Villupuram. In the
20 monitoring locations, the pod yields were estimated to be 1912 to 2975 kg ha-1 as against
the observed pod yields of 1450 to 2750 kg ha-1 with a fairly good agreement of 80 per cent.
The vulnerability of groundnut was assessed using different drought indices viz., SPI,
NDVI and WRSI. Considering SPI, out of the total groundnut area of 88023 ha, an area of
86607 ha was found to be under near normal condition based on deviation of rainfall received
during cropping season from historical precipitation. Similarly NDVI, an indicator of
vegetation condition during the cropping season, showed that 14272 ha of groundnut area
were under stressed condition during 2015.
An area of 40981 ha in Villupuram and Tiruvannamalai districts was found to be
under chances of crop failure based on Water Requirement Satisfaction index (WRSI). Major
groundnut areas of Salem district (14188 ha) was under medium risk zone.
Considering overall vulnerability, whole district of Villupuram was adjudged as
highly vulnerable to drought with regard to groundnut cultivation whereas four blocks of
Salem, eight blocks of Namakkal and all the blocks of Tiruvannamalai were found to be
moderately vulnerable to drought.
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Basavaraj, Baraker. "Effect of improved management practices on factor of productivity on groundut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivation." Thesis, 2017. http://oar.icrisat.org/10108/1/Thesis%20Basavaraj%20Baraker.pdf.
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The present investigation entitled" Effect of improved management pratices on factor of productivity on groundnut(Arachis hypogaea L.)cultivation" was conducted at farmer's field i.e.in five loction of the same village Hiregundgal,District Tumkur (Karnataka)under the project of Bhoo Samruddhi collaboration between KSDA(Karnataka State Department of Agriculture) and ICRISAT (Internatoinal Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics Agriculture),Hyderabad during kharif season 2016. The Soil of the experiment plots was sandy to sandy loam. Medium available nitrogen in three plots were recorded lower available nitrogen, phosphorus was medium at all polt, potassium was high in one plot and medium in remaining plots,relatively lower available sulphur recorded in all plots,Zinc and boron were recorded relatively optimum.
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Sarvamangala, C. "Construction of Genetic Linkagemap and QTL Analysis for Foliar Disease Resistance, Nutritional Quality and Productivity Traits in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L)." Thesis, 2009. http://oar.icrisat.org/133/1/Report.pdf.
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A mapping population consisting of 146 Recombinant Inbred Lines obtained
from the cross TG 26 x GPBD 4 (F9 generation) was used in order to identify
microsatellite markers/QTLs associated with foliar disease resistance, nutritional quality
and productivity traits.
Phenotyping for various traits viz., rust (three stages), late leaf spot (LLS) (two
stages), protein and oil content, eight fatty acids (Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic,
arachidic, eicosenoic, behenic and lignoseric fatty acids), four derived traits for fatty
acids (O/L ratio, Iodine value, U/S ratio and %S), two agronomic (Plant height and
number of branches) and four productivity traits (no. of pods, pod yield, shelling % and
100-seed weight) were carried out in five different seasons (Rainy 2005, 2006, 2007 and
Post-rainy 2007 and 2008) at U.A.S., Dharwad. Parental screening (1043 SSR primers)
and genotyping of 53 polymorphic markers for the mapping population was carried out
at ICRISAT, Patanacheru, Andhra Pradesh. Phenotypic and genotypic data were
subjected statistical analyses for establishingmarker-trait association....
Book chapters on the topic "Groundnut Productivity"
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Rao, R. C. Nageswara, M. S. Sheshshayee, N. Nataraja Karaba, et al. "Groundnut: Genetic Approaches to Enhance Adaptation of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea, L.) to Drought." In Improving Crop Productivity in Sustainable Agriculture. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527665334.ch14.
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Pandya, Urja, and Meenu Saraf. "Integrated Diseases Management in Groundnut for Sustainable Productivity." In Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Productivity. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37241-4_15.
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Bikketi, Edward, Esther Njuguna-Mungai, Leif Jensen, and Edna Johnny. "Kinship structures, gender and groundnut productivity in Malawi." In Gender, Agriculture and Agrarian Transformations. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429427381-13.
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Sako, Dramane, Mamary Traoré, Folocoum Doumbia, Fodé Diallo, Moussa Fané, and Issoufou Kapran. "Kolokani Groundnut Innovation Platform Activities and Achievements Through TL III Project in Mali." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_4.
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AbstractGroundnut productions have been declining in Mali in spite of several new improved varieties being released, the key problem being inadequacy of the seed supply system. To solve this problem, Kolokani MSP was established in 2012 and reorganized with support from TL III in 2015 to include more stakeholders in the groundnut value chain—farmers particularly women, farmer associations, cooperative societies, seed producers, agro-dealers, grain traders, processors, research and extension. Four new varieties Fleur11, ICGV 86124, ICGV 86015, and ICGV 86024 were supplied to the platform for FPVS and among them two, Fleur 11 and ICGV 86124 were preferred for their high yields and large grain size under farmer conditions. Through training of trainers, the different members of the platform reached 1246 farmers among them 928 women with improved groundnut seed production, aflatoxin management, seed business plans, and small-scale mechanization. A total 47 FPVS, 50 Demonstrations, and three multi-locational variety trials were conducted annually from 2016 to 2018. Kolokani platform have played an important role in groundnut value chain by producing and marketing 85 tons groundnut certified seed of these varieties annually for farmers. This is expected to stop the national productivity decline while improving platform members’ livelihoods and nutrition status.
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Abdalla, Elgailani, Tarig Ahmed, Omar Bakhit, et al. "Groundnut mutants with end-of-season drought tolerance for the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State, Sudan." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), produced in the traditional small-scale rainfed sector of Western Sudan, accounts for 80% of the total annual groundnut acreage, producing 70% of the total production. Low productivity of groundnut is a characteristic feature in North Kordofan State, which is characterized as the most vulnerable state to the impact of climate change. Terminal drought stress resulting from reduction in rainfall amount and distribution at the end of the season is the most deleterious drought period, as it coincides with groundnut pod filling and maturation periods. High and stable yields under subsistence farming conditions in North Kordofan State could be realized only by using adapted high-yielding, drought-tolerant genotypes. Mutation induction by gamma-rays of 200 and 300 Gy was utilized to irradiate 500 dry seeds of the Spanish-type groundnut genotypes, Barberton, Sodari, ICGV 89104, ICGV 86743, ICGV 86744 and ICG 221, aiming at increasing the chances of obtaining genotypes with the desired drought-tolerant traits. Mutants were selected from the M<sub>3</sub> plants using visual morphological traits. Groundnut mutants at the M<sub>4</sub> and M<sub>5</sub> generations, advanced by single seed descent, were evaluated for end-of-season drought tolerance. A terminal drought period of 25 days was imposed after 60 days from planting, using a rainout shelter. Mutants that survived 25 days of terminal drought stress were further evaluated for agronomic performance under rainfed field conditions. The groundnut mutant, Barberton-b-30-3-B, produced 1024 kg/ha, a significantly higher mean pod yield over 12 seasons compared with 926 kg/ha for 'Gubeish', the widely grown released check cultivar, showing overall yield advantage of 11%. Under 5 years of participatory research, Barberton-b-30-3-B was ranked the best with yield increment of 21% over 'Gubeish' under the mother trials. The GGE biplot analysis for 12 and five seasons, respectively, showed that Barberton-b-30-3-B was stable and produced a good yield in both high and low rainfall situations. Hence, Barberton-b-30-3-B was found to be a suitable mutant for sustainable profitable yields in the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State and was officially released as 'Tafra-1' by the National Variety Release Committee during its second meeting of April 2018.
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Puozaa, Doris K., Alhassan Nuhu Jinbaani, Desmond S. Adogoba, et al. "Enhancing Access to Quality Seed of Improved Groundnut Varieties Through Multi-Stakeholder Platforms in Northern Ghana." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_5.
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AbstractOne of the main constraints to groundnut production has been the use of low yielding varieties, susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses. Multi-stakeholder platforms (MSPs) have been used by agricultural research organizations to help make their research more relevant and to facilitate the adaptation and dissemination of findings. In the implementation of TLIII project in Ghana, eight MSPs were set up with the objective to improve groundnut productivity among actors through improved access to varieties and related technologies. Through trainings, demonstrations and field days, the platform members totalling 347 (55% being female) were exposed to two existing improved groundnut varieties and several candidate varieties which were yet to be released. The actors have become important sources of high-quality groundnut seed in their communities and beyond with the production of 5 tons of seed of the new varieties. The seed farms where improved varieties were planted and managed using good agronomic practices (GAPS) yielded up to 1.6 tons/ha, 70% higher than the use of their old varieties and practices on their personal farms which gave less than 0.5 tons/ha. This form of experiential learning was observed to be very useful in the willingness of platform members to uptake technology. As unintended benefits, through the use of funds raised by the associations, the sanitation and health of some members and their households were improved, and many engaged in non-farm businesses. Going forward, good conflict resolution skills and access to funds for supporting platform activities and members’ individual interests would be very important in the sustainability of these platforms.
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Chikowo, Regis, Rowland Chirwa, and Sieglinde Snapp. "Cereal-legume cropping systems for enhanced productivity, food security, and resilience." In Sustainable agricultural intensification: a handbook for practitioners in East and Southern Africa. CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621602.0003.
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Abstract This chapter presents four approaches to the integration of legumes (such as soyabean, groundnut, and cowpea) in maize-dominated systems, through intercropping, efficient spatial arrangements, and legume-cereal sequences: (i) grain legume-maize rotations for increased yield stability on smallholder farms, (ii) 'doubled-up' legume technology for soil fertility maintenance and human nutrition, (iii) innovative maize-common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) intercropping and fertilizer application for improved productivity, (iv) targeted cropping sequences (rotations adapted to farm size limitations and farmer goals) and associated elements for sustainable intensification on small farms. The first three technologies are based specifically on legumes that smallholder farmers can introduce to increase the productivity of their farms. The fourth demonstrates how different legume-based technologies can be integrated on farms with different resources, allowing farmers to diversify and intensify their production in a sustainable manner.
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Mohammed, S. G., M. Halliru, J. M. Jibrin, I. Kapran, and H. A. Ajeigbe. "Impact Assessment of Developing Sustainable and Impact-Oriented Groundnut Seed System Under the Tropical Legumes (III) Project in Northern Nigeria." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_6.
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AbstractTropical Legumes III project as a development intervention focused on enhancing smallholder farmers’ access to seeds of improved groundnut varieties using multi-stakeholder platforms. Open Data Kit was used to collect information from the platform members using structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive statistics and adoption score were used to analyze the data. Selection of appropriate project location, reliable beneficiaries, timely supply of seeds, and training on good agronomic practices (GAPs) and effective supervision on production were the major thrusts of the TL III project. The results indicated that the IP members accrued additional income ranging from $214 to $453 per hectare for wet season. The same increase in beneficiaries’ income was reported per hectare for dry season from $193 to $823, respectively; all due to the TL III intervention. The results further indicated increasing access by farmers to services (e.g., improved seeds, extension, credit facilities, market, etc.) and enhanced productivity (farm size, pod and haulm yields). Findings further revealed an average increased market price of 21.5% and 18% for dry and wet season groundnut production, respectively. There was high adoption score (78%) of improved seeds and other GAPs. The study recommends the need to replicate similar interventions in other areas. Continued capacity building on GAPs and improved business management skills to Extension Agents and farmer groups will sustain the successes achieved by the TL III project.
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Parasuraman, Malathy, and Priyantha Weerasinghe. "Application of mutation breeding techniques in the development of green crop varieties in Sri Lanka: the way forward." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0008.
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Abstract The Department of Agriculture (DOA) in Sri Lanka initiated mutation breeding in the 1960s with the introduction of a cobalt-60 source. The first rice mutant variety, MI 273, was released for general cultivation in 1971. M1 273, derived from irradiation of the H-4 variety, was identified as a drought-tolerant variety. An indirect rice mutant variety, developed by crossing the short mutant line BW267-3 with a highly adaptable variety, was released as BW 372 in 2013. It is moderately tolerant to blast, bacterial leaf blight, brown plant hopper, gall midge and iron toxicity, and thus increases productivity to 3-4 t/ha on lands prone to iron toxicity. The most popular groundnut variety cultivated in the country, 'Tissa', is a mutant developed by irradiation with gamma-rays at 200 Gy. It showed attributes of high yield, medium maturity (90-100 days) and high oil content (42%). 'Tissa' presently covers 80% of the groundnut cultivated area in Sri Lanka. A sesame mutant line, derived from the variety MI-3 irradiated at 200 Gy with 60Co gamma-rays, was released as 'Malee' (ANK-S2) in 1993. It is a high-yielding variety (1.1-1.8 t/ha) resistant to Phytophthora blight. A cherry-type mutant tomato variety, developed by irradiation of seeds with gamma-rays (320 Gy), was released as 'Lanka Cherry' in 2010. Improved attributes are pear-shaped fruits and bacterial wilt resistance. Narrow genetic variability in many crops is a constraint to the development of new varieties adapted to the changing climate. Hence, the DOA is emphasizing integration of induced mutagenesis in conventional breeding programmes to develop resistant/tolerant varieties having high yield, quality and health-promoting functional properties in field and horticultural crops. The newly installed gamma irradiation chamber facilitates the creation of genetic variability in food crops, thus paving the way for the development of greener varieties.
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Shanthala, J., S. Gazala Parveen, and Bharath Kumar P. Jambagi. "Genomic-Assisted Breeding for Enhanced Harvestable (Pod) and Consumable (Seed) Product, Yield Productivity in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." In Accelerated Plant Breeding, Volume 4. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81107-5_7.
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