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1
Njoki, Loise, Sheila Okoth, Peter Wachira, Abigael Ouko, and Victor Kagot. "Status of Groundnut Production in Africa: A Review From 2012 to 2022." Journal of Agricultural Science 16, no. 10 (2024): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n10p50.
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Food safety, and security remains a major concern in developing nations. Groundnuts rank the second globally in oil seed production after soya beans and the 11th most important crop for human intake. Limited productivity against the potential of existing crops due to biotic, abiotic, market, and policy factors causes the poor food production trends. This work uses a systematic review approach to determine the productivity of groundnut as a major food crop in Africa for the last 10 years based on the trend of declining yields of groundnut in this duration, and the role of influencing factors. The extracted data is summarized creating a feasible proposal on how the productivity, and quality of the crop could be improved to meet the food security need. Among the top 11 producers of groundnuts in Africa, West Africa accounts for 55% with regions like Nigeria, and Senegal having the highest productivity of 3.3 t, and 1.1 t respectively over the last ten years. In East Africa, Sudan has the highest production of 2.04 t over the 10 years. Despite being the second continent in the size of area under production of groundnut, Africa has the lowest average yields per hectare (1 t/ha), compared to America (3 t/ha), and Asia (1.8 t/ha). Regions that used improved varieties had higher yield than those using local varieties, and less technologies. High disease infestation shows a direct correlation with declining yields of groundnut. Therefore, the low productivity of groundnuts could be associated with social, cultural, and economic factors that create disparities in accessing improved technologies, farming, production and marketing resources. Development of improved varieties and policies in the region that support improved agronomic inputs are feasible practices for attaining cultivars that resist the yield, and quality limiting parameters.
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J, Ronak, and Yadav R. "Efficient Groundnut Destoner: Enhancing Farm Productivity." Ergonomics International Journal 8, no. 2 (2024): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000325.
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GHOSH, P. K., M. C. MANNA, D. DAYAL, and R. H. WANJARI. "Carbon sequestration potential and sustainable yield index for groundnut- and fallow-based cropping systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 144, no. 3 (2006): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006046.
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Soil organic carbon storage encompasses both soil productivity and environmental capabilities. The influence of fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) levels (0 NP, 0·5 NP, 1·0 NP (recommended standard) or 1·5 NP) on total system productivity, sustainable yield index and soil organic carbon storage in Vertisols (Typic Haplustert) under groundnut and fallow-based cropping systems were examined in a field experiment over 6 years. The aim was to identify a system that provided an acceptable balance between total system productivity and soil organic carbon restoration. The experiment comprised two rainy season crops (groundnut or fallow) and five post-rainy season crops (wheat, mustard, chickpea, sunflower or summer groundnut), each post-rainy season crop with four levels of NP fertilizer. The total system productivity was 130% higher in the groundnut-based than in the fallow-based system and was in the order: groundnut–groundnut>groundnut–chickpea>groundnut–wheat>groundnut–mustard>groundnut–sunflower. The sustainable yield index was highest in the groundnut–groundnut system. The gross C input was relatively higher in the groundnut-based system but the C loss rate was greater. The amount of residue needed per ha per year to compensate for loss of soil organic carbon was estimated to be 4·3 t in the fallow-based and 7·6 t in the groundnut–based cropping system. Though the total system productivity was greater in groundnut–groundnut and groundnut–chickpea systems, soil organic carbon declined. The groundnut–wheat system contributed more C, particularly root biomass C, than other systems, improved the restoration of soil organic carbon and maintained total system productivity. It was concluded that current fertilizer recommendations are adequate for maintaining yields in groundnut-based systems but the addition of crop residues at regular intervals along with fertilizer is necessary to maintain restoration of soil organic carbon.
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Sagar, K. G. "Design and Fabrication of Groundnut Shelling and Separation Machine." Research and Development in Machine Design 6, no. 3 (2023): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10212710.
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<i>The majority of land in India is used for agriculture, which generates commodities or semi-finished products. Additionally, peanuts are an agricultural semi-finished product. The process of groundnut shelling is characterised by its labour-intensive nature and the considerable amount of time it requires, frequently necessitating human intervention. This phenomenon has the potential to result in decreased productivity and provide a risk of harm to employees. Groundnut is grown on small-scale farmers in developing countries, such as India. The average kernel price is approximately twice the price of pod. Lack of groundnut processing machines, especially groundnut Sheller, is a major problem in groundnut production, particularly in India. In order to tackle these issues, a groundnut shelling and separation machine was conceptualised and constructed. The machine is comprised of many components, including a hopper, shelling chamber, separation chamber, and blower unit. The groundnuts are introduced into the hopper and then transported to the shelling chamber by a screw auger mechanism. The shelling chamber is comprised of a drum that rotates and has shelling ribs, as well as a stationary drum that features perforated holes. The process involves the use of shelling ribs to effectively remove the shells from the groundnuts by a rubbing action. The shelled groundnuts thereafter descend through the perforated apertures into the separating chamber. This work focused on the design and fabrication of a groundnut shelling and separating machine electrically powered by a ½ hp motor. The machine is capable of processing 400 kilograms of ground peanuts per day with shelling and separation efficiencies of 95.25 percent and 91.65 percent, respectively. This paper describes on the design of various components of the groundnut shell and separation machine. During the process of testing, it was observed that majority of the groundnut pods that came out unshelled or partially shelled were the ones with one seed per pod and those with two small seeds in their pods. The use of a groundnut shelling and separation machine has the potential to enhance the efficacy and security of groundnut processing operations. Additionally, it has the potential to reduce the expenses associated with groundnut goods</i>
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Abdulai, Haruna, Raphael Adu-Gyamfi, Vicent K. Avornyo, et al. "Enhancing Indigenous Cropping Systems under Climate Change: A Case Study of Maize (Zea mays L.) and Groundnut (Arachis hypogea) in Northern Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Science 17, no. 1 (2024): 84. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v17n1p84.
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Due to the continuous cropping of maize and groundnuts on the same land in northern Ghana for livelihood, production yields have declined significantly below potential levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological limitations affecting maize and groundnut productivity in northern Ghana and also to analyze the socioeconomic constraints impacting the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Five cropping systems (viz. sole continuous maize (SCM), sole continuous groundnut (SCG), maize-groundnut intercrop (MGI), groundnut/maize rotation (GMR) and maize/groundnut rotation (MGR)), each with or without fertilizer were established under RCBD at Nyankpala during the 2021 and 2022 cropping seasons. For the fertilized rotation treatments, the maize crop received 60-N, 40-P2O5, and 40-K2O, kg/ha, while the groundnut crop received 20-N, 40-P2O5, and 40-K2O, kg/ha using NPK 11, 22, 21, kg/ha with trace elements S, Zn and B. The cropping systems were characterised on grain yields, yield related parameters, resource use and economic returns on investments. The results showed that intercrop and rotation treatments gave better yields. Their land equivalent ratios (LER) were 1.2 and 1.09 respectively, in the two seasons. Maize grain yield under the rotation increased from 2.5 to 3.8 t/ha while groundnut pod yield increased from 0.6 to 0.9 t/ha. The system with highest economic returns was recorded for the rotation systems either with or without fertilizer application. To improve livelihoods and productivity, smallholder farmers in northern Ghana should adopt intercrop and rotation systems, incorporate fertilizer application, and consider soil fertility management practices. Policy support and extension services can facilitate the adoption of these sustainable agricultural practices.
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Terna, Tersoo Paul, Nathaniel Joseph, and James Inam Okogbaa. "Identification and Pathogenicity of Fungi Responsible for Foliar Diseases of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Lafia." Proceedings of the Faculty of Science Conferences 1 (March 26, 2025): 89–92. https://doi.org/10.62050/fscp2024.508.
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Foliar diseases of groundnuts are important determinants of yield and productivity of the crop. The aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the pathogenicity of fungi responsible for foliar diseases of groundnut in Lafia. Tissues of groundnut leaves showing signs of discoloration, and spots, were cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for isolation of in-dwelling fungi. A total of 48 isolates belonging to five genera, namely Fusarium, Rhizomucor, Curvularia, Epicoccum, and Aureobasidium were recovered. The identified species were Fusarium incarnatum, Rhizomucor spp., Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum nigrum, and Aureobasidium pullulans. Results of pathogenicity test showed that Rhizomucor spp. produced the highest leaf spots (60.00%), followed by Aureobasidium pullulans (55.00%), Epicoccum nigrum (30.00%), Curvularia lunata (16.67%), and Fusarium incarnatum (12.33%). However, differences in the severity of leaf spots caused by the different fungal pathogens were not significant (P>0.05). The study revealed that fungi isolated from symptomatic leaves of groundnuts were pathogenic, producing varying percentages of leaf spots on inoculated leaves. Therefore, there is a need to control fungal contamination of groundnut leaves in order to improve crop health and enhance yield of groundnuts.
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Chakraborti, Mandira, and A. K. Singh. "Impact of frontline demonstration on groundnut productivity in South Tripura district." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 20, no. 1 (2024): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/20.1/187-190.
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In South Tripura district groundnut is grown in very small pocket using local varieties. In general, farmers do not follow scientific package of practices and not using the improved variety due to which the productivity of groundnut is only 1200 kg/ha. With a view to increase the productivity level of groundnut in the district total 80 numbers of demonstration has been taken covering 17 ha area in six selected villages during Kharif and Rabi season of 2011and 2012 by KVK, South Tripura. The objective of the FLD on groundnut was to demonstrate the potential of improved varieties and technologies to the farmers. Awareness programme and training on scientific cultivation practices of groundnut was conducted before starting the demonstration programme. Besides imparting training, printed leaflets on groundnut were distributed among the farmers for their ready reference. Field day programme was also conducted in the farmer’s field in standing crop. Improved variety of groundnut viz. GG-7 and GG- 20 were demonstrated for obtaining higher yield as compared to local varieties and traditional method of cultivation. Increase in yield percentage varies from 26.83 to 50.43% for both the varieties over the local check. Farmers earned upto Rs. 38550/- for both the varieties by selling the groundnut in the local market.
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P, DEVASENAPATHY, MYLSWAMI V, CHRISTOPHER LOURDURAJ A, and RABINDRAN R. "INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINED PRODUCTIVITY." Madras Agricultural Journal 82, April (1995): 306–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01194.
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Studies conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Aliyarnagar to evaluate the integrated farming system revealed that by adoption of integrated farming system with groundnut - black gram maize/ groundnut - gingelly ragi with integration of other enterprises Viz, dairy, fish culture, poultry and rabbit rearing resulted in higher net income, benefit cost ratio and higher employment opportunities as compared to conventional cropping system.
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Desai, Chetan, A.L. JAT, S.K. SHAH, and A.G. DESAI. "Effect of relay intercropping of castor in kharif groundnut on system productivity and economic returns." Indian Journal of Agronomy 69, no. 4 (2024): 439–42. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i4.406.
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Castor and groundnut are important oilseed crop in India. Groundnut crop is sown at the onset of monsoon and while castor is grown in September in Gujarat. Hence, castor crop can be sown as relay intercrop in groundnut. It may increase crop production and profitability of farmers. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Centre for Oilseeds Research, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the feasibility of castor as relay intercropping in kharif groundnut during 2019–20 to 2021–22. Significantly higher groundnut equivalent yield (4,479 kg/ha) was found with groundnut + castor (4:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (180 cm × 120 cm)] relay inter cropping which was at par with groundnut + castor (3:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (150 cm × 120 cm)].
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Desai, Chetan, A.L. JAT, S.K. SHAH, and A.G. DESAI. "Effect of relay intercropping of castor in kharif groundnut on system productivity and economic returns." Indian Journal of Agronomy 69, no. 4 (2024): 439–42. https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v69i4.5548.
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Castor and groundnut are important oilseed crop in India. Groundnut crop is sown at the onset of monsoon and while castor is grown in September in Gujarat. Hence, castor crop can be sown as relay intercrop in groundnut. It may increase crop production and profitability of farmers. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Centre for Oilseeds Research, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the feasibility of castor as relay intercropping in kharif groundnut during 2019–20 to 2021–22. Significantly higher groundnut equivalent yield (4,479 kg/ha) was found with groundnut + castor (4:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (180 cm × 120 cm)] relay inter cropping which was at par with groundnut + castor (3:1) [groundnut (30 cm) + castor (150 cm × 120 cm)].
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Dash, Abhiram, Madhuchhanda Kishan, S. N. Mishra, and Nirakar Bhol. "Assessment of Growth Rate and Instability of Groundnut Production in Odisha, India: A Statistical Modelling Approach." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 7 (2023): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i72862.
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Oilseeds in Odisha has a major contribution in increasing the income of farmers which is due to their greater economic value. The important oilseed crops grown in Odisha are groundnut, mustard, sunflower, sesamum and castor. Groundnut shares 34% of total area under oilseeds in Odisha and 64% of total production of oilseeds in the state. The present makes an attempt to explore the best fit model on area, productivity and production of groundnut in Odisha and use the selected best fit model to estimate the growth rate of the variables. The instability of area, productivity and production of groundnut in Odisha is also studied with help of coefficient of variation.
 Data from 1970-71 to 2019-20 have been used to estimate the growth rate and instability by dividing the whole period of study in two periods - pre-liberalisation period (1970-71 to 1995-96) which is referred as period I and post-liberalisation (1996-97 to 2019-20) which is referred as period II. Models considered in the analysis are linear model, logarithmic model, quadratic model, compound model and power model. Durbin-Watson test, Shapiro-wilk’s test and park’s test are used for testing error assumption. By testing the significance of parametric coefficient, residual diagnostics and the model fit statistics, the best fit model for the variable have been selected. Using the best fit model, the growth rate of area, productivity and production of groundnut in Odisha has been estimated. The measure of instability of area, productivity and production of groundnut is given by Coefficient of Variation.
 The study reveals that different models have been found to be the best fit for different variables in different periods. The study of growth rate using the best fit model reveals that area and production of groundnut decrease in post-liberalisation period than pre-liberalisation period. The growth rate of productivity of groundnut increases in post-liberalisation period as compared to pre-liberalisation period. The situation is reverse with respect to instability. The study comes with the conclusion that as compared to pre-liberalisation period, the productivity performance of groundnut in Odisha has enhanced in post-liberalisation period. The poor performance in area under groundnut results in poor performance in production of groundnut during post-liberalisation period as compared to pre-liberalisation period. The appropriate model building technique helps in depicting a proper scenario of groundnut production in the state of Odisha.
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S, Sowmya priya, Boominathan P, Jeyakumar P, and Manivannan N. "Physiological Effect of Trifloxystrobin and Tebuconazole on Nutrients Uptake in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Madras Agricultural Journal 103, December (2016): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.001041.
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Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed cash crop for farmers of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Various environmental factors affect the productivity of groundnut and one of the options available for enhancing the productivity is the use of agro-chemicals with growth promoting activity that enhance the growth and development in turn productivity. With the modern agro-chemicals such as fungicides belonging to strobilurins (trifloxystrobin) and triazoles (tebuconazole), the concept of disease control gained new perspectives, especially when it showed positive physiological effects in the plants. Field experiments were conducted in groundnut to study the effects of various combinations of trifloxystrobin + tebuconazole (Nativo) @ 250, 300, 350 g ha-1 and carbendazim @ 500 g ha-1 at 35 and 50 days after sowing. Among the different concentrations, Nativo @ 300 g ha-1 performed better by increasing the productivity in groundnut.
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HUSSAINY, SYED ABUL HASSAN, and R. VAIDYANATHAN. "Production potential of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) based intercropping system as influenced by different levels of irrigation." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 2 (2020): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i2.99024.
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A field experiment was conducted at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam during 2017–18 to evaluate the production potential of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) based intercropping under different levels of irrigation. Groundnut when grown in intercropping systems can provide scope for improving the productivity and monetary return per unit area per unit time. As different crops have different water requirement which could be a main hurdle in intercropping system, the present study was conducted to identify the consumptive water use, water use efficiency and water productivity under intercropping system. Study revealed that, groundnut intercropped with blackgram was superior in number of nodules/plant, root depth and root volume and registered yield of 10.5% over sole crop of groundnut. Irrigation scheduling at 0.50 IW/CPE ratio recorded higher root depth and root volume but, yielded 26.5 and 18.4% lesser over IW/CPE ratio of 0.75 and 1.0, respectively. Higher net return and B: C ratio was recorded in groundnut + blackgram intercropping system with 0.75 IW/CPE ratio. The soil moisture extraction pattern varied under different intercropping systems and the frequency of irrigation. Groundnut + blackgram intercropping system utilised lesser consumptive water compared to the sole crop. Thus, from the study it may be inferred that, groundnut + blackgram intercropping system with irrigation scheduling at 0.75 IW/CPE ratio enhances the productivity with better water use efficiency and water productivity.
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Bhusanar, S. B., and Satyveer Singh Meena. "Forecasting Groundnut Area, Production and Productivity in Rajasthan, India using ARIMA Model." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 5 (2023): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i51905.
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This paper presents an analysis of the area, production and productivity of groundnut in Rajasthan over the last thirty years and a forecast of these variables using the auto regressing integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Descriptive statistics show that there was a large fluctuation in the lowest and maximum values of area, production, and productivity of groundnut in Rajasthan over the period of last thirty years. The ARIMA model was used to forecast the area, production, and productivity of groundnut in Rajasthan. The parameter estimates of the ARIMA model were used to determine the model fit statistics, including the R-squared value, which indicates how well the model fits the data. The Ljung-Box Q Statistics and the corresponding Sig. indicate that there is no significant autocorrelation in the residuals of the model. Finally, forecasts for 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025 are presented, along with their corresponding upper and lower confidence limits. The results indicate that there is a considerable upward trend in area, production, and productivity of groundnut in Rajasthan over the last thirty years. The ARIMA model was found to be successful in forecasting the area, production, and productivity of ground. The findings of this paper can help in the formulation of better policies for groundnut production in Rajasthan.
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Agyare, Wilson Agyei, and Eliasu Salifu. "Spatiotemporal Analysis of Potential Impact of Soil Erosion on Maize and Groundnuts Yield in Northern Ghana." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 5, no. 2 (2021): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v5i2.3271.
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Abstract
 Soil erosion is a threat to the viability of arable land, which has a relationship with crop productivity. This study was carried out in the Northern, North-East and Savannah Regions of Ghana, which have a high agricultural potential. The study examined erosion-yield relationship by comparing estimated erosion rates with maize and groundnut yields in a GIS environment. The study also projected soil erosion and determined its potential effect on the yield of maize and groundnuts. The soil erosion rates were found to be 4.2 t ha-1y-1, 5.1 t ha-1y-1 and 7.1 t ha-1y-1 for the Northern, North-East and Savannah Regions respectively.
 Projections for the next 10 years showed that, soil erosion will averagely increase by about 12 %, which could reduce the yield of maize and groundnut by 21 % and 16 % respectively by the year 2031, should the current trend continue. The study also found out that crop (maize and groundnut) yield per land area is relatively lower in areas severely affected by soil erosion. Farmers in the study area and areas of similar ecology must be encouraged to adopt Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) strategies to enhance and sustain productivity.
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Kale, Govind Vinayakrao. "Development of power operated Groundnut stripper." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 9, no. 2 (2024): 50–59. https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2024.9.2.10.
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Stripping is one of the most important operations in groundnut harvesting. The primary objective of developing a power operated groundnut stripper is to alleviate the physical efforts required by farmers and minimize the time needed for separating groundnuts. This machine can help to reduce the physical effort of farmers, increase work efficiency and enhance overall productivity. The machine operated by 1 hp single phase electric motor. The main components of the developed power operated groundnut stripper are stripping unit, separator unit, stripping unit safety cover. The power operated groundnut stripper has dimension 920 mm × 650 mm × 700 mm. Four labors can do stripping on machine simultaneously. The performance evaluation of machine was conducted with two independent parameters i.e. feed rate (kg-h-1) and rotor peripheral speed (rpm) with three replications and dependent parameters i.e. percentage of unstripped pod (%), percentage of stripped pod (%), cleaning efficiency (%), stripping capacity (kg-h-1), stripping efficiency (%). At feed rate 420 kg-h-1 and at rotor speed 350 rpm minimum unstripped pod percentage 1.44 %, minimum damaged pod percentage 0.98 %, maximum stripping efficiency 97.61 %, maximum cleaning efficiency 94.25 % were observed. The average stripping capacity of the machine 178.73 kg-h-1 was obtained. This machine is suitable for small and medium farmers, for groundnut stripping with an operating cost of Rs-Kg-11.11 of groundnut pods. The developed machine saved operating cost and time by 82.24 % and 96.64 % comparatively to conventional method of groundnut pod stripping.
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J B DELVADIYA, G K CHAUDHARY, and P B MARVIYA. "Evaluation of statistical models for forecasting area, production and productivity of groundnut in Gujarat." Journal of Oilseeds Research 40, no. 03 (2023): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56739/k8fsng02.
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Groundnut is one of the most important oilseed crops in India. Forecasting is used to provide decision making and planning for the future effectively and efficiently. The study was carried out to estimate the trends of area, production and productivity of groundnut crop in Gujarat for the period of 1991-92 to 2019-20. The data were collected from the Directorate of Agriculture, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The linear, quadratic and cubic models were fitted on original data along with moving average method. The ARIMA models were also developed to forecast area, production and productivity of groundnut. Among the fitted polynomial and ARIMA models, the suitable model was identified on basis of significance of regression coefficient, AR and MA, AIC and SBC values, adjusted R2, RMSE, MAE, normality and randomness test etc. The study revealed that, for the area, cubic model on five year moving average and for production and productivity, linear model on five year moving average were found best in Gujarat. The ARIMA(2,1,0) model wasfound suitable to forecast and explain the pattern of groundnut area in Gujarat. It was also observed that none of the ARIMA models tested was suitable for predicting groundnut production and productivity in Gujarat.
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Senthilnathan, S., T. Elenchezhian, M. Mathiyazhini, et al. "Growth Performance of Groundnut in India-An Instability and Decomposition Analysis." Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, no. 12 (2023): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i122340.
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Measuring the trends of growth and variability in agricultural production is important to understand how outputs change over time. The present study analyzed the growth and instability index of groundnuts. The study depends on secondary data, which was collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare [1] for the period 1950-2022. The entire study period is divided into three sub-periods: 1950-51 to 1969-1970, 1971-1972 to 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 to 2021-2022. The compound annual growth rate, instability Index and decomposition analysis were used for the analysis. The compound annual growth rates for production, area, and yield are -0.14 percent, 1.05 percent, and 1.2 percent, respectively, groundnut production and yield are increasing and the area in India has changed throughout time. The decomposition of groundnut production in area, yield, and interaction effect showed that the yield effect was responsible for increasing the production of groundnut in India followed by the interaction effect and area effect. The results revealed that the level of instability was high in yield while it was lowest in area. The findings showed that the annual growth rate of productivity of groundnuts also shows an increasing trend during the recent period due to the availability of high-yielding cultivars and the deployment of innovative cultivation technologies. From the result, it is concluded that including the non-traditional areas increases the area under cultivation to sustain and improve groundnut production.
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Birbal, Moti Lal Soni, Vinay Nangia, Anurag Saxena, Narendra Dev Yadava, and Subbulakshmi V. "Performance of Kinnow (<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco) based Agri-horticultural Systems during Intermediate Stage of Fruiting in Light Textured Soil of Arid Rajasthan." Annals of Arid Zone 63, no. 3 (2024): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/aaz.v63i3.146162.
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Kinnow (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cultivation is increasing in IGNP area due to its profitability and good market value. It is cultivated as sole crop and the interspaces are left unutilized. Growing suitable intercrops in the left over spaces of kinnow may generate extra income to the farmers. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the productivity and profitability of kinnow based intercropping systems in hyper arid partially irrigated zone of western Rajasthan.The study was conducted during rabi and kharif seasons of 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively in seven years old plantations of kinnow with five treatments viz (i) kinnow + wheat - groundnut, (ii) kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean, (iii) sole wheat -groundnut, (iv) sole fenugreek - cluster bean and (v) sole kinnow. Intercropping showed positive effect on growth and yield of kinnow with highest yield in kinnow + wheat -groundnut followed by kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean. However, the yield of intercrops decreased by 37-42 % when grown in association with kinnow as compared to their sole cropping. The annual system productivity in terms of cluster bean equivalent yield (CEY) was minimum in sole kinnow (1.15 t ha-1) and increased when kinnow was intercropped with fenugreek-cluster bean (2.95 t ha-1) and wheat-groundnut (4.97 t ha-1). There were 2.56 and 4.33 times higher annual system productivity of kinnow + fenugreek-cluster bean and kinnow + wheat - groundnut intercropping system as compared to sole kinnow. The share of kinnow in system productivity was 42.0 and 24.4% and in net return was 43.5 and 18.0% in kinnow + fenugreek-cluster bean and kinnow + wheat - groundnut intercropping system, respectively. Intercropping systems of kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean and kinnow + wheat - groundnut showed higher physical as well as economic water productivity as compared to sole kinnow. The water productivity in terms of gross return (WPGR) increased from Rs. 4.99 m-3 in sole kinnow to Rs.7.94 and 9.89 m-3 in kinnow + fenugreek - cluster bean and kinnow + wheat -groundnut intercropping systems, respectively. Net return and BCR of intercropping systems were more as compared to sole kinnow which indicated that the intercropping systems of kinnow provides higher economic benefits through additional return from crop produce
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Sujatha, Dr P., Dr M. C. Subanki, ,Mr S. Mohammed Sharukh, Ms T. S. Mohana Kirthiga, Ms P. Mathumitha, and Ms A. Maria Nilofer. "Review on: Groundnut and its Production Status in Tamil Nadu." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 12 (2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem39635.
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We studied various research articles related to trend analysis area, production and productivity in relation to climate change of Groundnut in Tamil Nadu. These articles explained about the importance of groundnut and its cultivation over a period of time. It is the third-largest oilseed crop in the world. India ranks second in terms of output and first in terms of crop area in the world. The major groundnut growing districts in Tamil Nadu are North Arcot, South Arcot, Salem, and Coimbatore. Drawing statistical data on production of groundnut during the year 2018-2019, it states that the area and production in Tamil Nadu is decreasing. Research articles were mostly based on the statistical data collected from various primary and secondary sources. These data were helpful to predict the future trend in area, production and productivity of groundnut in relation to climate change over Tamil Nadu. Key Words: Groundnut, DSSAT(Decision Support System for Agrotechnolgy Transfer), Production, ARIMA.
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Soni, M. L., Birbal Birbal, V. Nangia, et al. "Yield, water productivity and economics of legume based agri-horti systems during establishment phase of pomegranate (Punica granatum) in hyper arid partially irrigated zone of western Rajasthan." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 8 (2020): 1482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105946.
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Field experiment was carried out at farmer’s field in pre-bearing orchard of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) during rabi and kharif season of 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively in Bikaner district of Rajasthan to study the yield, water productivity and return of legume based intercropping during the establishment phase of pomegranate. There were five treatment combinations, i.e sole pomegranate, pomegranate + (fenugreek–clusterbean), pomegranate + (wheat-groundnut), sole fenugreek –clusterbean and sole wheat-groundnut. Pomegranate planted at 4m × 3m was maintained with drip and intercrops with mini-sprinkler irrigation system. Intercrops showed positive effect on height, girth and canopy spread of pomegranate over sole plantation. In agri-horti systems, the productivity of fenugreek, wheat, clusterbean and groundnut were higher by 20.5, 15.1, 16.4 and 14.9 %, respectively in grain and 18.0, 15.0, 31.6 and 12.4 %, respectively in straw/stover, as compared to sole cropping. The increase in productivity in agri-horti systems may compensate the area sacrificed by canopy coverage of trees up to some extent. Wheat-groundnut intercropped with pomegranate produced higher system productivity (5376 kg /ha) over fenugreek-clusterbean intercropped with pomegranate as well as sole fenugreek-clusterbean. Water productivity of sole orchard can be improved to 0.21 and 0.39 kg /m3 in terms of economic yield (WPEY), 0.64 and 0.99 kg/m3 in terms of biological yield (WPBY) and ₹ `108.8 and ₹ 151.1 /ha/mm, respectively in monitory terms by incorporating fenugreek–clusterbean and wheat-groundnut intercropping systems, respectively.
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Jemal M., Hassen, Adugna ondimu T., Sori Nigusie A., Borena Fikadu R., and Tufa Kebede N. "Determination of Optimal Soil Moisture Depletion Level for Groundnut at Amibara, Middle Awash, Ethiopia." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 432–35. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2019.4.101419185.
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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of Groundnut to different allowable soil moisture depletion levels. From the three consecutive years of combined data analyses, the effect of different allowable soil moisture depletion level on the yield of groundnut and other yield components was not significantly different. However, there was a statistically significance difference on crop water productivity. Among the five treatments, SMD3, which is had 50% allowable soil moisture depletion level gave the highest mean unshelled yield. Whereas, SMD4, which is had 60% allowable soil moisture depletion level, gave the lowest unshelled yield. 30% allowable soil moisture depletion level gave the highest crop water productivity. Even if the different allowable soil moisture depletion level didn’t did not show a significant difference on yield of Groundnut, 50% allowable soil moisture depletion level gave relatively the highest yield and optimum crop water productivity. Therefore, for Amibara and other similar agroecological areas irrigating Groundnut at 50% allowable soil moisture depletion level will provide an optimum yield.
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Degu, Teshome Kassa, and Feyissa Desiso Kebeto. "Pre-scaling up of Groundnut (Arachishypogaea L) Technology in mid and lowlands of West Guji Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia." International Journal of Horticulture, Agriculture and Food science 8, no. 3 (2024): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijhaf.8.3.5.
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Though groundnut is largely produced in the mid and low lands of West Guji Zone, its productivity was below expectation due to biotic and abiotic factors, lack of improved varieties and appropriate production and post-harvest practices, and diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to solve three objectives: (1) to improve the productivity of groundnut technology (2) to improve farmers’ knowledge of application of the improved groundnut technology (3) to develop local capacity for further promotion of groundnut technology. Abaya district was selected purposively with two kebeles based on the potentiality of groundnut production. Two farmers’ research groups consisting of 10 members were established. Among the members, a total of 8 trial farmers were used whereby a land size of 0.25ha was used for each. Based on recommendation, a seed rate of 90kg/ha Tole-1 was used with a fertilizer rate of 100kg NPS/ha for the selected trial field. Both priāmary and secondary data were used where quantitative and qualitative data were generated. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and narration. The result showed that the pooled mean yields of Tole -1 technology was 26.92qt/ha where the yield across the production years was significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that the productivity of improved groundnut could be enhanced through capacity building, access to farm inputs, and linkage formation. Therefore, Tole-1 groundnut variety was recommended for further promotion in Abaya district and similar agro-ecology until alternative variety released.
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Arivazhagan, M., C. Harisudan, R. Baskaran, AP Mohankumar, and K. Bharathi Kumar. "Does groundnut mechanization improve the energy use efficiency and productivity of groundnut?" Pharma Innovation 12, no. 10S (2023): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpi.2023.v12.i10sd.23330.
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Samant, TK, LM Garnayak, and RK Paikaray. "Improvement of Productivity, Agro-Meteorological Indices, Energetics and Nutrient Balance of Rice-Groundnut Cropping System." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, no. 3 (2022): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i3.61994.
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Effects of two rice establishment methods namely, direct seeding (DSR) and transplanting (TPR) and three nutrient management practices in rice and three nutrient management practices in groundnut of rice (Oryza sativa L.)- groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) system were investigated. TPR produced 7.1 and 5.6% higher grain (5.75 t/ha) and straw (6.81 t/ha) yields than DSR with superior yield attributing characters. INM (green manuring + 50% STBN + 100% P2O5 + 100% K2O) enhanced grain and straw yields of rice by 13.3 and 10.0% over inorganic (100% STBF) and by 15.2 and 8.2% over organic (green manuring + 1/3rd STBN through vermicompost + 1/3rd STBN through neem oil cake) management practices, respectively. INM practice in groundnut (75% STBN + 25% STBN (FYM) + lime 0.2 LR + biofertilizers (Rhizobium + PSB) + 100% P2O5 + 100% K2O) also produced the highest pod (2.74 t/ha) and haulm (3.62 t/ha) yield, which were, respectively, 39.8 and 5.5% higher over 75% STBF and 20.2 and 1.4% more than 100% STBF. But, DSR resulted in higher system yield (12.7 t REY/ha), system productivity (34.7 kg REY/ha/day), energy productivity and accumulated heat use efficiency than TPR system. INM practice in rice showed maximum system yield, productivity and P and K balance whereas, organic approach resulted in higher N balance. INM in groundnut produced the maximum system yield, productivity, HUE and N balance, but 75% STBF showed maximum agro-meteorological indices, P and K balance in spite of lowest system yield and system productivity. Energy productivity and efficiency were higher with 100% STBF in groundnut. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(3): 477-486, 2022 (September)
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Dey, Soumik, Saikat Biswas, Shubhadeep Maity, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Pramit Pandit, and Swati Chakraborty. "Supply response of major oilseeds in India: A mix of price and non-price factors." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 16, no. 2 (2024): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i2.5531.
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Oilseeds are one of the most important determinants of India’s agricultural economy, next only to cereals and pulses. The self-sufficiently in oilseed obtained during the early 1990s could not be sustained sufficiently. Despite, being the fourth largest oilseed crop-producing nation in the world, India is also one of the largest importers of vegetable oils. This study appraises the relationship between price and non-price factors to understand the behaviour of major oilseeds (mustard/rapeseed and groundnut) cultivated in India from 1997-98 to 2019-2020. Supply response is the responsiveness of supply, which can be identified using production response to different determining factors. Mustard/rapeseed and groundnut are the oilseeds that are mainly produced in India. This study specifically attempted to quantify the relationship between oilseed production and different factors, such as annual rainfall, annual temperature, yield, and revenue difference for both crops. The findings suggested that yield and revenue difference of mustard with wheat are the most determining factors for mustard production, whereas annual rainfall, the temperature during the growing season, and revenue difference between groundnut with rice and soyabean are the most significant determinants of groundnut’s production response. Crop equivalent productivity further validated that groundnut competed and outperformed the two promising crops (soybean and paddy). The trend analysis (1997-98 to 2019-2020) also indicated that wheat was the dominant crop over mustard from 1997-98 to 2013-14. Afterwards, i.e., from 2014-15 to 2019-20, mustard surpassed wheat productivity (on equivalent terms) and outperformed cereal.
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Mamatha, K., K. Sravanthi, G. Seshu, Ch V. Durga Rani, and K. Avil Kumar. "Impact of Improved Crop Management Practices in Rabi Groundnut through Frontline Demonstrations in Nagarkurnool District, Telangana, India." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 12 (2024): 882–88. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i123204.
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Frontline Demonstrations were conducted in the rabi, 2020-21 in bijinepally mandal of nagarkurnool district. Groundnut is a major crop in nandivaddeman village having 70-80% of the area under groundnut in rabi season. A total of 25 demonstrations allotted were conducted in nandivaddeman village of bijinepally mandal in nagarkurnool district. The study aims to demonstrate improved crop management practices in groundnut to increase the productivity and profitability of groundnut crop. The study revealed that improved crop management practices enhanced groundnut production and profitability to groundnut farmers. The results indicate that, demonstrated ICM practices increased the pod yield (2762 kg ha-1) over the conventional method of farming (farmer's practice) (2276 kg ha-1) with 17.4% increase in the pod yield. The technology gap ranged from 250 kg ha-1 and the extension gap ranged from 486 kg ha-1 with an average technology Index of 49.5%. In conclusion, The ICM practices have reduced the cost of cultivation by Rs.2807/- per hectare and increased the gross returns by 17.3%, net returns by 26% over farmer's practice. The study revealed that, improved crop management practices can enhance productivity and profitability of rabi groundnut.
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PIARA SINGH, N. P. SINGH, K. J. BOOTE, S. NEDUMARAN, K. SRINIVAS, and M. C. BANTILAN. "Management options to increase groundnut productivity under climate change at selected sites in India." Journal of Agrometeorology 16, no. 1 (2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v16i1.1486.
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Climate change is projected to alter the growing conditions of groundnut crop differently in different regions of India. The CROPGRO-Groundnut model was used to quantify the impact of climate change on the productivity of groundnut at three sites (Anantapur, Mahboobnagar and Junagadh) in India.Increase in temperature significantly (p<0.05) decreased pod yield of groundnut at all the sites by 2050. But the net effect of changes in temperature, rainfall and CO2 was 4% decrease in yieldat Anantapur and 11% increase at both Mahboobnagar and Junagadh. A number of agronomic practices evaluated under climate change atAnantapur showed that the maximum increase in yield was simulated with supplemental irrigation, followed by delay in sowing and growing a longer maturity variety. At Mahboobnagar, the maximum yield gain was with delayed sowing, followed by growing a longer maturity variety, supplemental irrigation and application of crop residues. At Junagadh, the yield increase was the maximum with supplemental irrigation, followed by application of crop residues. It is concluded that the relative contribution and prioritization of agronomic practices to increase groundnut yield under climatechange varied with the region and the CROPGRO-Groundnut modelwas useful in quantifying such benefits.
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Kumari, Nikita, and D. L. Yadav. "Seed biopriming with different bioagents to minimize collar rot disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Ecology 18 (June 26, 2024): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58628/jae-2418-111.
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The present studies investigate the effectiveness of various bioagents, namely Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzenium and Bacillus subtilis in promoting the growth, productivity and minimize the collar rot disease incidence in groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) under in vitro and controlled pot conditions (upto 60 per cent disease control). Groundnut is a globally important oilseed crop known for its nutritional value and oil content. However, the sustainable production of groundnuts faces increasing challenges due to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Among the biotic diseases, collar rot disease of groundnut caused by Aspergillus niger is more extensive in kharif season and causes more damage in sandy loam soils. Bioagents like Trichoderma harzenium, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis are very helpful in increasing plant growth and controlling collar rot disease in groundnut. This study aims to elucidate the physiological mechanism underlying these interactions and provide practical insights into the application of this environmentally friendly approach for sustainable groundnut cultivation. Under pot condition treatment integration of seed treatment with Trichoderma viride and enriched vermicompost significantly shows minimum per cent disease incidence 6% and maximum plant vigour (2000) obtained from the treatment integration of Seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum and enriched Vermicompost. Our finding reveals that the application of integration of seed treatment with Trichoderma viride and enriched vermicompost significantly shows 57.14% disease control under pot conditions, outperformed the other bioagents in sustainable management of collar rot disease of groundnut and Pseudomonas fluorescens outperformed other bioagents in enhancement of growth of plant due to their PGPR activity.
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R.S. JAT, DEVI DAYAL, H.N. MEENA, VIRENDRA SINGH, and M.V. GEDIA. "Long-term effect of nutrient management and rainfall on pod yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) in groundnutbased cropping systems." Indian Journal of Agronomy 56, no. 2 (2001): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v56i2.4672.
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A field experiment was conducted from 1999 to 2008 on fixed site at the research farm of Directorate of Groundnut Research, Junagadh (Gujarat) to develop a sustainable nutrient management schedule for groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea L.)based cropping systems, and to find out the influence of seasonal rainfall on pod yield of groundnut. Combination of 14 treatments of inorganic nutrients (100% RDF and 50% RDF) and farmyard manure (5 t/ha) were applied to groundnut and the component crops of groundnut-wheat and groundnut-wheat [ Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol]-greengram [ Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] cropping systems. Integrated use of or- ganic and inorganic nutrients (FYM 5 t/ha+50% RDF) to kharif groundnut recorded significantly higher pod yield (1,037 kg/ha) and the total system productivity in terms of groundnut equivalent yield (2,187 kg/ha) over the use of inorganic nutrients. This combination also recorded higher sustainable yield index and predictability over the use of inorganic nutrients across the experimental period. Among cropping systems, the total system productivity was significantly higher in groundnut-wheat-green gram cropping systems 2.34 + GPEY/ha with the integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrients. The rainfall in June had a significant effect on pod yield of groundnut when sup- plied with both organic and inorganic nutrients (FYM 5 t/ha+50% RDF). Depending upon the amount and period, rainfall received in the months of June and July had a positive effect on pod yield of groundnut, however, August and September rainfall showed negative effect.
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Monika, A. K. Dhaka, Bhagat Singh, Kamal, Ram Prakash, and Aarzoo. "Dry Matter Accumulation and Biomass Partitioning of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Genotypes and Sulphur Levels." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 8 (2024): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i84896.
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Groundnut is an important oilseed crop and belongs to the family Fabaceae. However, the productivity of groundnut in India is less as compared to average productivity of the world. Variety is a key factor that affects the development, productivity, and quality of groundnut. The main cause of the low groundnut production is an unbalanced and insufficient usage of nutrients. Because groundnut is a legume-oilseed crop, it has a high phosphorus, calcium, and Sulphur demand. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023 at Crop Physiology Field Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four genotypes (G1-MH 4, G2-HNG 10, G3-HNG 69 and G4- GNH 804) in main plots and four sulphur levels (S1-Control, S2-20 kg S/ha, S3-40 kg S/ha and S4-60 kg S/ha) in sub-plots with three replications. The results revealed that among genotypes GNH 804 recorded significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and its partitioning into different plant parts at different growth stages in groundnut. This was followed by HNG 69. Among the sulphur levels, the 60 kg S/ha treatment recorded the highest dry matter accumulation, and this was closely followed by the sulphur level 40 kg S/ha. So, to obtain higher total dry matter accumulation and its partitioning, the genotype GNH 804 may be fertilized with 40 kg S/ha.
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B.Sanjeeva Reddy, R.V. Adake, C.R. Thyagaraj, and K. Srinivas Reddy. "Utilization Pattern of Power sources on Productivity of Groundnut and Cotton Dryland Production Systems." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 46, no. 4 (2009): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2009464.1388.
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A field study was conducted in groundnut and cotton production systems under dry farming conditions to assess the utilization of different power sources and energy use pattern. Ninety farms were studied using a structured questionnaire. The mechanization in the groundnut system in Anantapur was observed to be higher than the other dry farming production systems. The mean annual working hour of tractors in groundnut and cotton production system was 1,015 and 1,080 hours, respectively. The tractors owned were used for custom hiring for 58 and 69 % of annual usage in groundnut and cotton based production systems, respectively. The total energy used in rain fed groundnut production system was in the range of 4,299 to 9,572 MJ/ha and rain fed cotton system was 7,240 to 10,724 MJ/ha. Small and marginal resource poor farmers were unable to make proper investment to increase the crop productivity. Interventions like custom hiring centres managed by local community and cooperative farming at cluster level could ensure increased use of farm machinery, reducing farm drudgery.
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Burigi, Sushmitha, K. N. Selvaraj, R. Senthil Kumar, S. Senthilnathan, S. Moghana Lavanya, and U. Arulanandu. "Assessment of Growth Pattern and Intervention’s Effects of Oilseeds Mission on Groundnut Production in Andhra Pradesh, India." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 45, no. 7 (2023): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i72136.
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High instability in crop area and yield resulted in production shortfall in Andhra Pradesh. As groundnut is raised mostly as rainfed kharif crop, yield during this season is half of the yield attained during rabi/summer season. State’s average productivity is also lower than the national average necessitating the importance of improving the oilseeds production in the state since the state contributing 8 % to India’s groundnut production. Oilseeds mission was implemented in all the districts of the state to scale up the production through various technological interventions. Therefore, understanding the pattern of production before and after the intervention is critically important for future directions and strategies required to scale up the groundnut production in the state. The present paper aims at assessing the district-wise growth performance of groundnut and examining the sustained effects of oilseeds mission. Using the time series data on area, production, and productivity (1997-98 and 2019-20), growth analysis and interrupted time series segmented regression analyses were employed. Groundnut area tended to decline in all the districts of the state. The rate of decline was higher in Cuddapah (7.47%) followed by Kurnool (3.82 %), Chittoor (3.79%) and Anantapur (2.13%) and the state recorded a negative growth rate of 3.49 % per annum. Production growth was found low in Anantapur district (1.39%) though the yield registered a 3.63 % growth per annum. Similarly, production in Chittoor district declined by 2.1% per annum though yield grew by 4 % annum due to higher fall in area. The Cuddapah also witnessed a negative growth in production and production decline was around 2% per annum. However, productivity in the Cuddapah district grew at faster rate compare to other major districts and the productivity has grown at the rate 6% per annum. Groundnut production in the state declined by 0.4% per annum due to decline in both productivity and area by 3% and 3.4% respectively. It is alarming to note that the maximum decline in production was 12.38% in the State mainly due to the maximum decline in production in major groundnut producing districts namely Anantapur (76%) followed by Kurnool (32.32%), Cuddapah (22.19%) and Chittoor (13.40%). The model results of interrupted time series show that though there is no significant intervention effect, there is sign of productivity improvement after the intervention. The coefficient of sustained effect for yield turned to positive from negative though not significant (immediate effect) for the major growing districts, indicating the long-term effect of the oilseeds mission. Constraints relating to adoption of improved technology, non-suitability of improved technology, and lack of technical guidance were identified by studies affecting groundnut production in the state. Therefore, addressing these issues through policy and technological interventions are crucial for sustaining the productivity and increasing the production in the major districts.
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Chibarabada, Tendai P., Albert T. Modi, and Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi. "Options for improving water productivity: A case study of bambara groundnut and groundnut." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 115 (February 2020): 102806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2019.10.003.
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Akuo, Ruth, Latif Aisu Okiria, Brian Ssemugenze, Costa Gumisiriya, Fred Peter Kabaale, and Akasairi Ocwa. "Assessment of electrical conductivity and germinability of groundnut genotype seeds." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (June 8, 2025): 5–10. https://doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/15269.
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Seed quality affects crop establishment and productivity. In addition, the use of good-quality seed is an essential prerequisite for sustainable crop production including groundnuts. Assessing germinability and electrical conductivity provides early evidence of the production potential of a given crop variety or genotype. Therefore, this study assessed the germinability and electrical conductivity of seeds of three groundnut genotypes. A laboratory experiment arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), replicated three times, was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyambogo University, in 2020. Seeds of Igola, Serenut 1, and Serenut 2 groundnut varieties were tested, and data was collected on germination percentage and electrical conductivity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using GenStat and means were separated using the least significant difference test at a 5% probability level. Germination percentage and electrical conductivity significantly (p<0.05) differed among the groundnut varieties, with Igola recording the highest germination percentage, followed by Serenut 1, and the lowest was in Serenut 2. The highest electrical conductivity was recorded in Serenut 1 and the lowest in Igola. Since Igola had one of the lowest electrical conductivity and the highest germination percentage, it was concluded that Igola genotype retained higher quality attributes.
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MANDEEWAL, RAMESHWR LAL. "Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on yield and water productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) and clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba)." ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH 24, no. 2 (2022): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10162.
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An experiment was carried out at village Bajju, Bikaner, (Rajasthan) during kharif season of 2016 to evaluate the effect of irrigation and nitrogen levels on groundnut and clusterbean. The treatments comprised of 3 levels of irrigation i.e. 250, 500 and 700 mm for groundnut and 100, 200 an 300 mm for clusterbean and 4 levels of nitrogen i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg N ha-1 for both the crops. These treatments were evaluated in split plot design with four replications. The results showed that increasing levels of irrigation had significant beneficial influence on the kernel/pod/seed and haulm/stover yield, nitrogen uptake by kernel/seed and haulm/stover and water productivity of groundnut and clusterbean. Application of nitrogen levels significantly enhanced the kernel/pod/seed and haulm/stover yield, nitrogen uptake by both the crops and total water productivity of groundnut and clusterbean. The increase in kernel, pod and haulm yield of groundnut with 40 kg N ha-1 were 49.6, 57.0 and 39.3 per cent over control and 15.9, 15.6 and 14.7 per cent over 20 kg N ha-1, respectively. Similarly, the increase in seed and straw yield of clusterbean with 40 kg N ha-1 were 47.3 and 37.2 per cent over control and 14.0 and 14.1 per cent over 20 kg N ha-1, respectively. Interaction of irrigation and nitrogen had significant beneficial effect on yield, nitrogen uptake and water productivity of groundnut and clusterbean and maximum values of these parameters were recorded under I3 N3 treatment in both the crops.
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Patel, V. P., M. S. Shitap, and D. V. Patel. "INSTAILITY ANALAYSIS OF GROUNDNUT CROP IN GUJARAT: BEFORE AND AFTER Bt-COTTON." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 37, no. 1 (2024): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2024.37.1.0034.
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The time series data on area, production and productivity of groundnut crop for 31 years were collected for major groundnut growing districts and Gujarat state for the period 1985-86 to 2015-16 from Directorate of Agriculture, Gandhinagar, Gujarat State. The entire study period was divided into two sub-periods on the basis of introduction of Bt- cotton as pre Bt-cottoni.e.period I (1985-1986 to 2001-2002) and post Bt- cottoni.e.period II (2002-2003 to 2015-2016).Instability in the area, production and productivity of groundnut was analyzed using the Cuddy Della Valle Index (CDVI).The results revealed that the majority of the districts showed medium level of variability for area except Ahmedabad, Banaskantha, Kheda and Surat (High variability), Rajkot (Low variability), all the districts showed high level of variability for production and high level of variability for productivity except Kheda, Surat and Surendranagar which showed medium level of variability.
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Joe-Nkamuke, Uzoamaka, Kehinde Oluseyi Olagunju, Esther Njuguna-Mungai, and Kai Mausch. "Is there any gender gap in the production of legumes in Malawi? Evidence from the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition model." Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies 100, no. 1-4 (2019): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41130-019-00090-y.
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AbstractUnderstanding the gender differences in agricultural productivity is crucial for formulating informed and effective policies to sustainably improve low productivity which characterises agriculture in Sub-Sahara Africa. Using a panel dataset from the ICRISAT led Tropical Legumes project III (2008–2013), we analyse the gender gap in the production of legumes in Malawi. Employing the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition method allows decomposition of gender gap into the following: (i) the portion caused by observable differences in the factors of production (endowment effect) and (ii) the unexplained portion caused by differences in return to the same observed factors of production (structural effect). We conducted the empirical analysis separately for pigeonpea and groundnut. Our findings reveal that for groundnut cultivated plots, women are 28% less productive than men after controlling for observed factors of production; however, the gender gap estimated in the pigeonpea cultivated plots are not statistically significant. The decomposition estimates reveal that the endowment effect is more relevant than the structural effect, suggesting that access to productive inputs contributes largest to the gender gap in groundnut productivity, and if women involved had access to equal level of inputs, the gap will be reduced significantly. The variation in the findings for groundnut and pigeon plot suggests that policy orientation towards reducing gender productivity gap should be crop specific.
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Yasmin, M. "VERMICOMPOST WITH CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IMPACT ON GROUNDNUT YIELD AND SOIL FERTILITY IN CHARLAND." Journal of Wastes and Biomass Management 4, no. 1 (2022): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jwbm.01.2022.41.44.
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A field experiment was conducted on the growth of groundnuts in a farmers’ field in Nouvanger Char, Jamalpur, Bangladesh by combining vermicompost with chemical fertilizer during the rabi season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The goals were to increase groundnut yield, to boost soil fertility and to improve the stock of organic carbon in soil. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was employed to set up the experiment and the test crop was BARI Chinabadam-9.There were seven different treatments: T1 was100 % RDCF (control), T2 was 100 % RDCF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1, T3 was 100 % RDCF + vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, T4 was 85% RDCF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1, T5 was 85% RDCF + vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, T6 was 70% RDCF + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 and T7 was 70% RDCF + vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1. According to two years’ worth of average data, the combined use of vermicompost and chemical fertilizer boosted groundnut output and BCR compared to the solitary application of chemical fertilizers. T5 treatment (85% RDCF + VC @ 3 t ha-1) provided the highest average groundnut yield (2.16 t ha-1) out of all the treatments, which was 19.33% greater than 100% RDCF dose. On the other side, groundnut yield gradually dropped as chemical fertilizers were reduced. The T6 treatment (70% RD + vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1) had the lowest average ground nut yield which was 1.55 t ha-1. Integrated treatment outperformed sole chemical treatment in terms of soil organic matter and N, P, and K contents of post-harvest soils. The amount of organic carbon in the soil as well as its stock and buildup increased as a result of integrated treatment. Given the overall results, farmers can be encouraged to grow groundnuts in charland using 85% chemical fertilizer with vermicompost @ 3 t ha−1 application. With this combination, farmers would be able to boost groundnut productivity, improving their income and way of life.
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G, Shanthi Priya, Sagar Maitra, Sairam Masina, and Sumit Ray. "Spatial Arrangement in Pearl Millet-groundnut Intercropping System Influences Productivity, Competition and Economics." International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 47 (April 30, 2025): 108–19. https://doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2025.v47.009.
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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is the sixth major grown crop next to wheat, rice, corn, barley and sorghum in the world. Pearl millet has a wider adaptability for different agroclimatic conditions and seasons, and it is even suitable for an intercropping system. Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is Leguminous oilseed crop that can be cultivated as an intercrop with various crops for enhancement of productivity and efficient resource use. Based on the above facts, the present study was conducted at Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management during summer season of 2022 to assess the effect of summer pearl millet + groundnut intercropping system on growth, productivity, and competitive ability of crops under south Odisha conditions. The treatments were, T1: Pearl millet (PM) sole (45cm x10cm), T2: Groundnut (GN) sole (30cm x 10cm), T3: PM (45cm x 10cm) + GN (1:1), T4: PM (45cm x 10cm) + GN (2:2), T5: PM (30cm x 10cm)+ GN (1:1), T6: PM (30cm x 10cm) + GN (2:2) , T7: PM (60cm x 10cm) + GN (1:1), T8: PM (60cm x 10cm) + GN (1:2) and T9: PM (60cm x 10cm)+ GN (1:3). The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) and replicated thrice. The Results revealed that the maximum values of growth-attributing characters of both pearl millet and groundnut during sole cropping were observed. However, Among the yield attributes of pearl millet, 1000 grain weight showed a non-significant difference. Moreover, the treatment pearl millet (60 cm x 10 cm) + groundnut (1:1) obtained the highest yield attributing characters and yield. The results concluded that pearl millet and groundnut could be intercropped with 1:1 row proportion with pearl millet spacing of 45 cm x 10 cm in south Odisha conditions for a greater resource use, higher total productivity and economic benefit.
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RATHORE, V. S., N. S. NATHAWAT, B. MEEL, B. M. YADAV, and J. P. SINGH. "RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CROPPING SYSTEMS IN HOT ARID INDIA." Experimental Agriculture 50, no. 4 (2014): 549–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000052.
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SUMMARYThe choice of an appropriate cropping system is critical to maintaining or enhancing agricultural sustainability. Yield, profitability and water use efficiency are important factors for determining suitability of cropping systems in hot arid region. In a two-year field experiment (2009/10–2010/11) on loam sandy soils of Bikaner, India, the production potential, profitability and water use efficiency (WUE) of five cropping systems (groundnut–wheat, groundnut–isabgol, groundnut–chickpea, cluster bean–wheat and mung bean–wheat) each at six nutrient application rate (NAR) i.e. 0, 25, 50, 75, 100% recommended dose of N and P (NP) and 100% NP + S were evaluated. The cropping systems varied significantly in terms of productivity, profitability and WUEs. Averaged across nutrient application regimes, groundnut–wheat rotation gave 300–1620 kg ha−1 and 957–3365 kg ha−1 higher grain and biomass yields, respectively, than other cropping systems. The mean annual net returns were highest for the mung bean–wheat system, which returned 32–57% higher net return than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat and cluster bean–wheat systems had higher WUE in terms of yields than other cropping systems. The mung bean–wheat system recorded 35–63% higher WUE in monetary terms compared with other systems. Nutrients application improved yields, profit and WUEs of cropping systems. Averaged across years and cropping systems, the application of 100% NP improved grain yields, returns and WUE by 1.7, 3.9 and 1.6 times than no application of nutrients. The results suggest that the profitability and WUEs of crop production in this hot arid environment can be improved, compared with groundnut–wheat cropping, by substituting groundnut by mung bean and nutrients application.
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Nasir, Abaid Ur Rehman, Gill Ammara, Muhammad Zeeshan Hussain, et al. "Economic Analysis, Yield Optimization, and Competition Dynamics of Groundnut/Cereal Fodder Intercropping Systems in Pakistan's Semi Arid Tropics." Asian Plant Research Journal 12, no. 6 (2024): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2024/v12i6281.
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This research focuses on the intercropping management options including aspects of yield performance, nitrogen contribution to groundnut and economical considerations through the usage of intercrop Maize, Sorghum and Pearl Millet under varying cuttings treatments. Intercropping is effective in increasing land productivity and efficiency in nutrient use and provides economic returns yet the best combinations have not been well explored. Randomised complete block design was used to assess the growth characteristics of plant height, modulation and nitrogen in sole cropping and intercropping treatments in which they make cuts. For sole crop, both, maize and pearl millet produced the highest green fodder yields of 13.40 t ha⁻¹ and 19.10 t ha⁻¹, respectively, and intercropping reduced the productivity for both crops but it was statistically significant, yield recorded in Maize (one cut) groundnut = 3.10 t ha⁻¹. Both nodulation and nitrogen content were maximum in sole groundnut, but they were lower when groundnut was grown in association with other crops. Among all competitive indices, the LER was the highest on maize (LER=1.72), pearl millet and sorghum indicated that intercropping enhances land use efficiency. This was facilitated by the Monetary Advantage Index (MAI) that provided much support to maize-groundnut intercrop, which was easily identified as the most appropriate option for inter-crop revenue generation with an MAI of Rs. 17,800. These results provide evidence for the suitability of maize as the best intercrop for the enhancement of productivity and profitability in groundnut based intercropping systems. This study adds valuable input to sustainable agriculture, particularly in that it expresses the yields and profits from distinct intercrop associations as numeral digits deemed useful by both the scientific and agricultural communities.
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Monika, A. K. Dhaka, Bhagat Singh, Kamal, Aarzoo, and Kanika. "Growth of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as Influenced by Genotypes and Sulphur Levels." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 8 (2024): 1190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i81242.
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Groundnut is an important oilseed crop and belongs to the family Leguminosae. However, the productivity of groundnut in India is less as compared to average productivity of the world. The type of variety and nutrient, especially sulphur is crucial for the physiological growth and yield of crops like groundnut. Because groundnut is a legume-oilseed crop, it has a high phosphorus, calcium and sulphur demand. Therefore, this field experiment was conducted during the Kharif season of 2023 at crop physiology field lab, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four genotypes (G1-MH 4, G2-HNG 10, G3-HNG 69, G4- GNH 804) in main plots and four sulphur levels (S1-Control, S2-20 kg S/ha, S3-40 kg S/ha, S4-60 kg S/ha) in sub-plots with three replications. Among the groundnut genotypes, GNH 804 found best in respect to the studied growth parameters followed by HNG 69. Among the sulphur levels, application of 60 kg S/ha recorded significantly higher variation for most of the studied parameters closely followed by sulphur levels of 40 kg/ha.
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Wajahat, Muhammad, Muhammad S. Mushtaq, Umer Farooq, and Rubina Kousar. "Optimal Economic and Resource Use Efficiency Analysis of Groundnut Production in Punjab, Pakistan." International Journal Social Studies 2, no. 2 (2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/ijss.02.2.0263.
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This study was carried out to investigate resource use efficiency in groundnut production and to identify and analyze groundnut production and marketing constraints in district Attock. This study was based on the primary data of 150 groundnut growers for the year 2021-22. The Cobb-Douglas production function has been carried out in the functional analysis and resource use efficiency has been used to measure the productivity of resources used in groundnut production. The results of the Cobb-Douglas production function analysis revealed that there are 64.6 percent variations in Groundnut yield collectively explained by all eight independent variables. The model obtained an F-value of 32.145, which was highly significant. The results of resource use efficiency revealed that the ratio of MVP to MFC was less than 1 for human labor X1, machinery power X2, transportation X4, manures X5, and fertilizer X6. The ratio of MVP to MFC for farm X3 was greater than 1 which shows the under-utilization of resources. The significant constraints of the production and marketing of groundnut are lack of adaptability of improved varieties, climate change, high input cost, no support price mechanism, limited markets, and lack of processing units, etc. On the basis of the results, the study recommends using an optimum level of inputs and using improved technology, and HYVs. Initiatives should be taken to raise the area of groundnut crops, and plant processing units and assure better support price mechanisms to achieve maximum productivity.
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Kumar Naik A. H., Shivanand Goudra, Sumana, D. A., and Kiran Emmiganur. "Affirmation of Experimental Results on Groundnut-Based Millet Intercropping System at Farmers Field under Rainfed Condition." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 24 (2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i244291.
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The research aims to tackle the issue of low groundnut productivity in rainfed areas and low-fertility marginal lands, which is below the national average, leading to economic constraints for farmers. Millets, known for their resilience, are considered suitable for cultivation in challenging environments. Intercropping, growing multiple crops simultaneously, is recognized as an essential system to mitigate erratic climatic conditions and act as insurance against uncertainties. The experiment evaluates the productivity and profitability of an intercropping system combining groundnut and millets in a rainfed ecosystem. The goal is to provide a sustainable and economically viable option for farmers in such areas by leveraging the robustness of millets and improving agricultural outcomes and resilience to climate-related risks. A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Babbur farm, Hiriyur. An experiment was laid out with randomized complete block design (RCBD) with ten treatments and was replicated thrice. Treatments comprises of testing of sole groundnut, finger millet and foxtail millet against intercropping of groundnut with finger millet, little millet and foxtail millet at 5:2 and 6:1 row proportion. The results of pooled data indicated that significantly higher groundnut pod equivalent yield (2123 kg/ha) was recorded with Groundnut + finger millet (5:2) as compared to other treatments. However, significantly higher net returns (Rs. 58532/ha) and B:C ratio (2.55) were recorded with Groundnut + foxtail millet (6:1) as compared to other treatments.
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Hossain, Akbar, Sunil Kumar Gunri, Manashi Barman, Ayman EL Sabagh, and Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva. "Isolation, characterization and purification of Rhizobium strain to enrich the productivity of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (2019): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0040.
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AbstractGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food legume in tropical and subtropical areas because of its ability to adapt to a wide range of agro-climatic regions. Groundnut is usually cultivated in nutrient-poor soil and rain-fed conditions, so average yield tends to be very low relative to potential yield. Even though the nitrogen (N) requirement of groundnut is much higher than cereals due to its high protein content, it has the capacity to meet 60-80% of N-based requirements through symbiotic N fixation via its root nodules. In its symbiotic relationship with legumes, Rhizobium fixes N, thereby positively impacting the content of this nutrient. This study aimed to isolate, characterize and purify microbial strains of Rhizobium specific to groundnut in a bid to increase this legume’s productivity. The research was conducted in the AICRP-Groundnut laboratory and greenhouse of the Directorate of Research, BCKV, in Kalyani, India during October 2016 to March 2017. Two Rhizobium isolates (RhBC and NRA1) were isolated and selected from groundnut pot cultures. After 45 days, NRA1 produced higher plant biomass, longer roots and shoots, more nodules and higher nodule dry weight than RhBC. NRA1 was selected for a future field trial. The two isolated microbial strains will aid in the screening of additional local isolates to test their effectiveness when co-cultured with local groundnut cultivars to increase yield in soil with low fertility.
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J. R., Patel,, Chaudhary, M. G., Patel, D. M., and Patel, J. C. "Effect of Organic Manures on Productivity in a Groundnut-Wheat Sequence under Organic Farming." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 7 (2024): 464–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i72162.
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An experiment was conducted during two consecutivekharif and rabi season from the year 2016-17 to 2018-19 for three years on to evaluate different organic sources performance on groundnut and wheat sequence under organic farming at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar. The soil of experiment was loamy sand. Experiment was carried out in Large plot technique design and with eight replication for four treatments. From three years experiment result revealed that in kharif season, application of 100% nitrogen through castor cake sequring higher pod yield of groundnut and application of 75% nitrogen through castor cake for succeding wheat in rabi season for getting higher seed yield. Application of castor cake in both season sequred higher groundnut equivalent yield. Maximum gross (Rs 150300/ha) and net neturn (Rs 67922/ha) with BCR of 1.82 was obtained under Treatment T3 (100% RDN through castor cake in groundnut and 75% RDN through castor cake in succeeding wheat) under organic farming under North Gujarat Agro climatic conditions.
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Biradar, Sampatkumar S., Ragini H. R., and Harshith K. V. "Modeling and Optimization of Groundnut Production in Vijayapura District of Karnataka, India." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 46, no. 5 (2024): 202–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2024/v46i52371.
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Groundnut is a significant oilseed crop in India, with Karnataka being one of the largest producers. The agricultural economy of Vijayapura district relies heavily on crop production, including groundnut. Understanding the production patterns and forecasting future yields is crucial for agricultural planning and economic sustainability. The study aimed to investigate the production patterns and forecast the groundnut yield in Vijayapura district, Karnataka. The research problem focused on understanding the trends in groundnut area, production, and productivity over time and developing a forecasting model for future yields. Secondary data from 1966-67 to 2020-21 was collected from various sources. Statistical models including linear, quadratic, cubic, exponential, log-logistic and GAM were used to analyze the trends. The ARIMA method was employed for forecasting. The models' adequacy was assessed using MAPE, R2, AIC, and BIC criteria. The log-logistic model was found to be the best fit for groundnut area trends, while the cubic model and GAM were best for productivity and production, respectively. Forecasting using ARIMA initially indicated a slight increase in groundnut yield, but the GAM model predicted a decrease in future production. The findings provide insights for policymakers, agricultural extension services and farmers to make informed decisions regarding crop planning, resource allocation and economic sustainability. Understanding the production patterns and forecasting future yields is crucial for agricultural planning and economic sustainability in Vijayapura district.
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Himani, Vikram Yogi, and Vandana Kumari. "Instability Analysis and Decomposition of Output of Major Oilseeds Crops in Rajasthan and India." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 10 (2024): 1021–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i102524.
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Aim: The study deals with analysis of instability of area production and productivity of major oilseeds in Rajasthan and India. It also includes calculation of sources of growth of production over the period of study. Area effect, yield effect and interaction effect for crop production were calculated. Place and Duration: The time series data of thirty years, 1990-91 to 2019-20, was analyzed. The data were further divided into Three decades, period I(1990-91 to 1999-2000), period II (2000-01 to 2009-10) and period III (2010-11 to 2019-20). Area production and productivity of major oilseed crops (Rapeseed-mustard, groundnut and soybean) for all three decade in Rajasthan and India were analyzed. Methodology: This paper deals with the analysis of instability in area production and productivity of major oilseed crops in Rajasthan and India. The Cuddy Della Vella Index has been used for instability analysis. It also includes the decomposition analysis to determine factors that were responsible for the change in production of the crops. The additive decomposition method has been used to determine area, yield and interaction effect. Results: Calculations revealed that the magnitude of instability in Rajasthan during period II (2000-01 to 2009-10) remained high for all the selected crops. There was instability of 32.49 percent and 34.40 percent for area and production, respectively, while 13.34 percent of variation was found in productivity. In Rajasthan, the lowest instability was observed during period III (2010-11 to 2019-20) with variation of 7.44 percent, 9.47 percent and 6.62 percent for area production and productivity of groundnut. In India, the highest instability was during period II. The area of Rapeseed-mustard has shown the highest (17.72%) instability compared to the instability of the area of other crops. Variation of production and productivity of groundnut was recorded at 24.79 and 21.88 percent, respectively, which is highest among the selected crops. The decomposition analysis revealed that the area effect was a major source for the growth of production of oilseed in Rajasthan as compared to the yield effect and interaction effect. During period I (1990-91 to 1999-2000), the area effect for rapeseed mustard, groundnut and soybean was 68.08, 87.97 and 91.35 percent. In India, both area and yield effect have a major contribution to the growth of production. During period I, the yield effect (57.50 %) was responsible for growth of rapeseed-mustard production, while groundnut and soybean had a high contribution of area effect with magnitudes of 70.86 percent and 84 percent. Area effects for groundnut and soybean were 118.44 percent and 58.06 percent during period II, respectively. Area effect (42.90%) and yield effect (45.76%) were equally responsible for the growth of rapeseed-mustard. During period III, the yield effect for rapeseed-mustard and soybean was 101.34 percent and 257.7 percent, respectively, while the area effect (52.29 %) was responsible for growth in groundnut production. Conclusion: It has been found that groundnut was the most stable crop in term of area production and productivity. The major source for the growth of production was area effect and Yield effect while interaction effect has least impact on production of crops.
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RAMAN JEET SINGH, LP.S. AHLAWAT, and B. GANGAIAH. "Direct and residual effects of nitrogen management in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system." Indian Journal of Agronomy 54, no. 4 (2001): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v54i4.4814.
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A 2-year field investigation was carried out in New Delhi from 2006 to 2008 on a sandy loam soil having 217 kglha of available N. In cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) 8 treatments comprising combination of 4 N management practices {Control, 100% recommended dose of N (1 50 kglha) through urea (RDN), 75% RDN through urea + 25% RDN through FYM N and 50% RDN each through urea and FYM) and 2 cropping systems - sole cotton and cotton + groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) intercropping in 1 :3 additive series. N management in cotton-wheat cropping system were tested in RBD with 3 replications. For comparison, sole groundnut with recommended N and phosphorus fertilizers was also grown. In rabi, cotton plots were sub-divided in to 4 to accommodate levels of N (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ ha) to wheat. Groundnut as an intercrop enhanced the productivity of cotton by 0.25 tonnetha and succeeding wheat by 0.16 tonnetha. These increases in productivity of cotton and wheat coupled with additional intercrop groundnut yield (0.47 tonnelha) together enhanced the productivity of cotton + ground- nut - wheat systems in seed cotton equivalent yield by 0.58 tonnetha and net returns by R s 14,421 /ha over cot- ton-wheat system. Among N management practices, substitution of 25% RDN through FYM in cotton gave the highest system productivity (4.82 tonne seed cotton equivalent yieldlha) and B: C ratio (2.09) than all N through urea and 50% N through each source. However, net returns and soil N balance were in favour of 50% RDN sub- stitution through FYM besides (Rs 72,748 /ha). Wheat crop responded to100 kg N/ha fertilization. It was therefore inferred that integration of groundnut as intercrop along with FYM besides 50% N of cotton along with 100 kg fer- tilizer N/ha to wheat was the most profitable and sustainable N management system.