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1
Wu, Peipeng, Lijuan Zhang, Bin Chang, and Shuhong Wang. "Effects of Decaying Hydraulic Conductivity on the Groundwater Flow Processes in a Managed Aquifer Recharge Area in an Alluvial Fan." Water 13, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121649.
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Groundwater artificial recharge and medium characteristics represent the major factors in controlling the groundwater flow processes in managed aquifer recharge areas. According to the depositional features of alluvial fans, an analogous homogeneous phreatic sand tank aquifer and the corresponding inhomogeneous scale numerical models were established to investigate the groundwater flow under the combined influence of artificial recharge (human activities) and decaying hydraulic conductivity (medium characteristics). In this study, groundwater flow through a managed aquifer recharge area in an alluvial fan was analyzed under the conditions of decaying hydraulic conductivity (K) with depth or length from apex to apron. The results showed that groundwater flow processes induced by artificial recharge were significantly controlled by the increasing decay exponents of K. The decaying K with depth or length in alluvial fan areas expanded the degree of influence of artificial recharge on groundwater flow. With the increase of decay exponents, the flow directions gradually changed from a horizontal to vertical direction. Groundwater age and spatial variability could also be increased by the increasing decay exponents. The residence time distributions (RTDs) of ambient groundwater and artificially recharged water exhibited logarithmic, exponential, and power law behavior. Penetration depth and travel times of ambient groundwater flow could be affected by artificial recharge and decay exponents. Furthermore, with the increase of decay exponents, the thickness of the artificially recharged water lens and travel times of artificially recharged water were increased. These findings have important implications for the performance of managed aquifer recharge in alluvial fan areas as well as the importance of considering the gradual decrease of K with depth and length.
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Anonymous. "Artificial recharge of groundwater." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 66, no. 33 (1985): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo066i033p00596-04.
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Anonymous. "Artificial recharge of groundwater." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 70, no. 3 (1989): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/89eo00016.
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Peters, H. J. "Artificial Recharge of Groundwater Symposium." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 67, no. 8 (1986): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo067i008p00092-04.
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Asano, T. "Artificial Recharge of Groundwater with Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater: Current Status and Proposed Criteria." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 12 (June 1, 1992): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0340.
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Current status and the proposed criteria for artificial recharge of groundwater with reclaimed municipal wastewater are discussed with special reference to controlling microbial pathogens and trace organic contaminants. The draft criteria have been developed by the State of California Interagency Water Reclamation Coordinating Committee, followed by the Groundwater Recharge Committee of the Department of Health Services (DHS). The proposed criteria are in the final review process and are expected to be adopted in late 1992 by the DHS as a part of the revised, state-wide Wastewater Reclamation Criteria. The discussions and the draft criteria presented in this paper facilitate the approval of groundwater recharge projects by identifying the nature and characteristics of groundwater recharge projects that do not jeopardize the public water supply systems including use of groundwater for potable water supply. These criteria are intended to provide uniform state-wide application of regulations on which to regulate and design groundwater recharge projects using reclaimed municipal wastewater as a source of recharge water.
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Jarraya Horriche, Faten, and Sihem Benabdallah. "Assessing Aquifer Water Level and Salinity for a Managed Artificial Recharge Site Using Reclaimed Water." Water 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020341.
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This study was carried out to examine the impact of an artificial recharge site on groundwater level and salinity using treated domestic wastewater for the Korba aquifer (north eastern Tunisia). The site is located in a semi-arid region affected by seawater intrusion, inducing an increase in groundwater salinity. Investigation of the subsurface enabled the identification of suitable areas for aquifer recharge mainly composed of sand formations. Groundwater flow and solute transport models (MODFLOW and MT3DMS) were then setup and calibrated for steady and transient states from 1971 to 2005 and used to assess the impact of the artificial recharge site. Results showed that artificial recharge, with a rate of 1500 m3/day and a salinity of 3.3 g/L, could produce a recovery in groundwater level by up to 2.7 m and a reduction in groundwater salinity by as much as 5.7 g/L over an extended simulation period. Groundwater monitoring for 2007–2014, used for model validation, allowed one to confirm that the effective recharge, reaching the water table, is less than the planned values.
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D, Karunanidhi, Suresh M, Subramani T, and Anand B. "Targeting groundwater potential zones using Electrical resistivity and GIS techniques in Kadavanar Sub-basin, South India." International Journal of Civil, Environmental and Agricultural Engineering 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijceae2024.
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Geographical Information System techniques are widely used to determine suitable sites for groundwater recharge through artificial recharge techniques. The present research work is to identify suitable locations for constructing artificial recharge structures in the Kadavanar Sub-basin, South India. People in the Sub-basin mainly depend on the groundwater resources for drinking and irrigation purposes. Groundwater resources are often overexploited in many parts of this Sub-basin to meet the water demand leading to groundwater consumption. A lot of surfaces and sub-surface information and criteria are required for mapping the groundwater recharge zone. This is where the geographic information system [GIS] provides the right impetus besides the groundwater prospective zone to harness multilayered spatial data so that multi-criteria analysis is possible. This analysis integrates historic rainfall data analysis, groundwater level fluctuation, stream network, aquifer thickness, land use/land cover and basin slope. Drainage map, slope map and land use/land cover maps were prepared from satellite imageries. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) geophysical survey with Schlumberger electrode configuration was also conducted in the basin at 50 locations to map the aquifer thickness. Spatial variation maps for groundwater level and aquifer thickness were generated using GIS. Weighted aggregation method was used in this study to obtain groundwater recharge maps. Finally, multi-criteria analysis has been carried out to identify and assess the potential sites for groundwater recharge according to the associated weightages. It is established that GIS is best suited for the mapping of groundwater recharge zones. A similar study can be extended to any other hard-rock region facing water crises.
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Zhang, Chun Yan, Long Cang Shu, Bo Liu, Emmanuel Kwame Appiah-Adjei, Su Li, Ran Tang, Chun Long Cheng, and Yumei Wang. "Study on Artificial Regulation of Water Resources in West of Daqing City." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2510.
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Since the development and construction of Daqing City, groundwater resource has been their main water supply source. However, over-exploitation of the groundwater is causing a series of environmental and geological problems. Thus it is essential to ensure sustainable development of groundwater and control the worsening of groundwater related environmental problems in the City. Practical scenarios of groundwater recovery based on several different water resources artificial regulation scenarios are designed to reduce exploitation after the completion of water diversion from Nen River Expansion Project. These scenarios include three different exploitation reducing scenarios and scenarios of artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation. The simulation results of Visual Modflow indicate that both reducing exploitation and artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation can accelerate the recovery of groundwater table in the confined aquifer. Considering the speed of the recovery of groundwater and the impact of reducing exploitation on domestic, industrial and agricultural utilization of water resources, artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation Scenario B is better. Under this condition, the groundwater table of the confined aquifer in the center of depression cone will be recovered by 5 to 8 m up to the end of 2020.
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Mussa, Kassim Ramadhani, Ibrahimu Chikira Mjemah, and Revocatus Lazaro Machunda. "Open-Source Software Application for Hydrogeological Delineation of Potential Groundwater Recharge Zones in the Singida Semi-Arid, Fractured Aquifer, Central Tanzania." Hydrology 7, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7020028.
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This study attempted to delineate and map potential groundwater recharge zones of the Singida, semi-arid, fractured crystalline basement aquifer using open source remote sensing and GIS software. Various thematic maps such as lithology/hydrogeology, soil, land-cover/use, slope, lineament density, drainage density and rainfall distribution were integrated in QGIS software. Vector input layers were rasterized and resampled using QGIS wrap projection function to make sure that the grid cells are of the same size. Reclassification using SAGA and GRASS reclass algorithms in QGIS was carried out to realign the factor classes in a consistent scale, and reclassification to a scale of 1 to 5 was carried out to harmonize the results. The study identified a number of potential areas for groundwater recharge, groundwater exploration, groundwater development and potential areas for artificial groundwater recharge. Potential groundwater recharge zones for the Singida semi-arid fractured aquifer are restricted to areas with high lineament density, cultivated areas, grassland and flat to gentle slopes. The potential of groundwater recharge is also observed in areas with low drainage density. The delineated zones provide a good understanding of the potential recharge zones, which are a starting point for recharge zone protection. This blended approach can be utilized for carrying out suitability analysis using the weighted overlay analysis approach. Areas designated good and very good are recommended for artificial recharging structures as an alternative technique for enhancing groundwater recharge through rainwater harvesting. This will help to augment groundwater storage in this semi-arid environment.
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Wilske, Cornelia, Axel Suckow, Ulf Mallast, Christiane Meier, Silke Merchel, Broder Merkel, Stefan Pavetich, et al. "A multi-environmental tracer study to determine groundwater residence times and recharge in a structurally complex multi-aquifer system." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-249-2020.
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Abstract. Despite being the main drinking water resource for over 5 million people, the water balance of the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system on the western side of the Dead Sea is poorly understood. The regional aquifer consists of fractured and karstified limestone – aquifers of Cretaceous age, and it can be separated into a Cenomanian aquifer (upper aquifer) and Albian aquifer (lower aquifer). Both aquifers are exposed along the mountain ridge around Jerusalem, which is the main recharge area. From here, the recharged groundwater flows in a highly karstified aquifer system towards the east and discharges in springs in the lower Jordan Valley and Dead Sea region. We investigated the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system for groundwater flow, groundwater age and potential mixtures, and groundwater recharge. We combined 36Cl ∕ Cl, tritium, and the anthropogenic gases SF6, CFC-12 (chlorofluorocarbon) and CFC-11, while using CFC-113 as “dating” tracers to estimate the young water components inside the Eastern Mountain Aquifer system. By application of lumped parameter models, we verified young groundwater components from the last 10 to 30 years and an admixture of a groundwater component older than about 70 years. Concentrations of nitrate, simazine (pesticide), acesulfame K (ACE-K; artificial sweetener) and naproxen (NAP; drug) in the groundwater were further indications of infiltration during the last 30 years. The combination of multiple environmental tracers and lumped parameter modelling helped to understand the groundwater age distribution and to estimate recharge despite scarce data in this very complex hydrogeological setting. Our groundwater recharge rates support groundwater management of this politically difficult area and can be used to inform and calibrate ongoing groundwater flow models.
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Chang, Sun Woo, and Il-Moon Chung. "Water Budget Analysis Considering Surface Water–Groundwater Interactions in the Exploitation of Seasonally Varying Agricultural Groundwater." Hydrology 8, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8020060.
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In South Korea, groundwater intended for use in greenhouse cultivation is collected from shallow riverside aquifers as part of agricultural activities during the winter season. This study quantified the effects of intensive groundwater intake on aquifers during the winter and examined the roles of nearby rivers in this process. Observation data were collected for approximately two years from six wells and two river-level observation points on the study site. Furthermore, the river water levels before and after the weir structures were examined in detail, because they are determined by artificial structures in the river. The structures have significant impacts on the inflow and outflow from the river to the groundwater reservoirs. As a result, a decline in groundwater levels owing to groundwater depletion was observed during the water curtain cultivation (WCC) period in the winter season. In addition, we found that the groundwater level increased owing to groundwater recharge due to rainfall and induced recharge by rivers during the spring–summer period after the end of the WCC period. MODFLOW, a three-dimensional difference model, was used to simulate the groundwater level decreases and increases around the WCC area in Cheongwon-gun. Time-variable recharge data provided by the soil and water assessment tool model, SWAT for watershed hydrology, was used to determine the amount of groundwater recharge that was input to the groundwater model. The groundwater level time series observations collected from observation wells during the two-year simulation period (2012 to 2014) were compared with the simulation values. In addition, to determine the groundwater depletion of the entire demonstration area and the sustainability of the WCC, the quantitative water budget was analyzed using integrated hydrologic analysis. The result indicated that a 2.5 cm groundwater decline occurred on average every year at the study site. Furthermore, an analysis method that reflects the stratification and boundary conditions of underground aquifers, hydrogeologic properties, hydrological factors, and artificial recharge scenarios was established and simulated with injection amounts of 20%, 40%, and 60%. This study suggested a proper artificial recharge method of injecting water by wells using riverside groundwater in the study area.
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Heberer, Thomas, and Marc Adam. "Transport and Attenuation of Pharmaceutical Residues During Artificial Groundwater Replenishment." Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 1 (2004): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en04008.
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Environmental Context.The contamination of public water supplies by drug residues is an issue of importance for public health. While soil may act as a natural filter to remove some contaminants from groundwater, there is a lack of information on the fate and transport of pharmaceutical residues during groundwater recharge. In this study, the fate and the transport of eight drug residues during groundwater recharge of contaminated surface water which was investigated at an artificial groundwater replenishment plant in Berlin, Germany, as part of the international collaboration NASRI (Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration). The study shows that some of the contaminants would indeed end up in the water supply if the water only underwent normal groundwater recharge. Abstract.Recently, several new types of organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and their metabolites have been found in sewage or surface waters. Some of the polar pharmaceuticals have also been detected in samples of ground and drinking water, especially when water from induced recharge is used for drinking water production. The fate and the transport of eight drug residues during groundwater recharge (GWR) of contaminated surface water was investigated at an artificial groundwater replenishment plant in Berlin, Germany. After a recharge distance of only a few meters, bezafibrate, a blood lipid regulator, and indomethacin, an analgesic, were removed below their detection limits. Clofibric acid, a metabolite of blood lipid lowering agents, and the analgesic drugs diclofenac and propyphenazone were also attenuated during GWR. However, they were still detectable in the receiving water supply wells at low concentration levels (≤ 40 ng L–1). The anti-epileptic drugs carbamazepine and primidone and the drug metabolite AMDOPH (1-acetyl-1-methyl-2-dimethyl-oxamoyl-2-phenylhydrazide) were not significantly affected by GWR occurring in the water supply wells at mean individual concentrations between 100 and 1570 ng L–1.
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Nainggolan, Lamtupa, Chuen-Fa Ni, Yahya Darmawan, I.-Hsien Lee, Chi-Ping Lin, and Wei-Ci Li. "Data-Driven Approach to Assess Spatial-Temporal Interactions of Groundwater and Precipitation in Choushui River Groundwater Basin, Taiwan." Water 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 3097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113097.
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The scarcity of groundwater and precipitation stations has limited accurate assessments of basin-scale groundwater systems. This study proposes a workflow that integrates satellite and on-site observations to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of the groundwater level and enable recharge estimations for the Choushui River groundwater basin (CRGB) in Western Taiwan. The workflow involves multiple data processing steps, including analysis of correlation, evaluation of residuals, and geostatistical interpolation based on kriging methods. The observed groundwater levels and recharge are then the basis to assess spatial-temporal interactions between groundwater and recharge in the CRGB from 2006 to 2015. Results of correlation analyses show the high correlation between the groundwater level and the land surface elevation in the study area. However, the multicollinearity problem exists for the additional precipitation data added in the correlation analyses. The correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and normalized root mean square parameters indicate that the Regression Kriging (RK) performs better the groundwater variations than the Ordinary Kriging (OK) dose. The data-driven approach estimates an annual groundwater recharge of approximately 1.40 billion tons, representing 37% of the yearly precipitation. The correlation between groundwater levels and groundwater recharge exhibits low or negative correlation zones in the groundwater basin. These zones might have resulted from multipurpose pumping activities and the river and drainage networks in the area. The event-based precipitation and groundwater level have shown strong recharge behavior in the low-land area of the basin. Artificial weir operations at the high-land mountain pass might considerably influence the groundwater and surface water interactions.
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Abraham, Marykutty, and S. Mohan. "Effectiveness of check dam and percolation pond with percolation wells for artificial groundwater recharge using groundwater models." Water Supply 19, no. 7 (June 24, 2019): 2107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.091.
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Abstract Population growth and higher living standards have resulted in ever-increasing demand for water. For the present study natural recharge was computed from a water balance model and daily water level fluctuations were measured to study the increase in water level due to artificial recharge. Numerical models were developed using MODFLOW to analyze the feasibility of different artificial recharge arrangements such as check dam and percolation pond with percolation wells individually and in combination and evaluate the effectiveness of the structures in recharging the aquifer. The maximum increase in water level was found to be 3.46 m, 2.54 m and 4.7 m respectively for the check dam, percolation pond with three percolation wells and combined structure arrangement after 2 years of artificial recharge. The zone of influence was obtained as 400 m, 600 m and 500 m respectively for the check dam, percolation pond and combined structure system. Water level fluctuations also proved the same. Water level increase obtained from the natural recharge study was only of the order of 0.2 m. Artificial recharge is found to be very effective for sustainable development of water resources and the percolation pond was found to be the most appropriate structure for groundwater recharge for the study area.
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Zhu, Meijia, Shiqin Wang, Xiaole Kong, Wenbo Zheng, Wenzhao Feng, Xianfu Zhang, Ruiqiang Yuan, Xianfang Song, and Matthias Sprenger. "Interaction of Surface Water and Groundwater Influenced by Groundwater Over-Extraction, Waste Water Discharge and Water Transfer in Xiong’an New Area, China." Water 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030539.
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Understanding the interaction of surface water and groundwater affected by anthropogenic activities is of great importance for water resource and water quality management. The Xiong’an New Area, located in the North China Plain, has been designated a new building area by China’s government. Groundwater has been over pumped and artificial water was transferred to meet the water supply in this region. Therefore, the natural interaction of surface water and groundwater has been greatly changed and there has been a complex impact of the groundwater from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we used water chemical ions and stable isotopes of δ2H and δ18O to assess the interaction of surface water and groundwater in the Xiong’an New Area. We carried out field surveys and water sampling of the Fu River (domestic waste water discharge), Lake Baiyangdian (artificial water transfer), and the underlying groundwater along the water bodies. Results show that the artificial surface water (discharged and transferred) became the major recharge source for the local groundwater due to the decline of groundwater table. We used groundwater table observations, end-member mixing analysis of the stable isotopic composition and chloride tracers to estimate the contributions of different recharge sources to the local groundwater. Due to the over pumping of groundwater, the lateral groundwater recharge was dominant with a contribution ratio ranging from 12% to 78% in the upper reach of the river (Sections 1–3). However, the contribution of lateral groundwater recharge was estimated to be negligible with respect to the artificial water recharge from Lake Baiyangdian. Seepage from the Fu River contributed a significant amount of water to the connecting aquifer, with a contribution ranging from 14% to 75% along the river. The extent of the river influence into the aquifer ranges as far as 1400 m to the south and 400 m to the north of the Fu River. Estimations based on isotopic fractionation shows that about 25% of Lake Baiyangdian water was lost by evaporation. By using the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in the lake water, an influencing range of 16 km west of the lake was determined. The interaction of the surface water and groundwater is completely changed by anthropogenic activities, such as groundwater over pumping, waste water discharge and water transfer. The switched interaction of surface water and groundwater has a significant implication on water resources management.
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Hashemi, H., C. B. Uvo, and R. Berndtsson. "An extended modeling approach to assess climate change impacts on groundwater recharge and adaptation in arid areas." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 10 (October 24, 2014): 11797–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-11797-2014.
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Abstract. The impact of future climate scenarios on surface and groundwater resources was simulated using a modeling approach for an artificial recharge area in arid southern Iran. Future climate data for the periods of 2010–2030 and 2030–2050 were acquired from the Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM 3.1) for scenarios A1B, A2, and B1. These scenarios were adapted to the studied region using the delta-change method. The modified version of the HBV model (Qbox) was used to simulate runoff in a flash flood prone catchment. The model was calibrated and validated for the period 2002–2011 using daily discharge data. The projected climate variables were used to simulate future runoff. The rainfall–runoff model was then coupled to a calibrated groundwater flow and recharge model (MODFLOW) to simulate future recharge and groundwater hydraulic head. The results of the rainfall–runoff modeling showed that under the B1 scenario the number of floods might increase in the area. This in turn calls for a proper management, as this is the only source of fresh water supply in the studied region. The results of the groundwater recharge modeling showed no significant difference between present and future recharge for all scenarios. Owing to that, four abstraction and recharge scenarios were assumed to simulate the groundwater level and recharged water in the studied aquifer. The results showed that the abstraction scenarios have the most substantial effect on the groundwater level and the continuation of current pumping rate would lead to a groundwater decline by 18 m up to 2050.
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Yeh, Yi-Lung, and Ting-Chien Chen. "Application of grey correlation analysis for evaluating the artificial lake site in Pingtung Plain, Taiwan." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-074.
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The overuse of groundwater in coastal areas of Taiwan has caused serious land subsidence, seawater intrusion, and soil salinification. Artificial lakes are one of the alternatives that increase groundwater water resources. The Pingtung Plain is one of the most bountiful groundwater resource areas in Taiwan. The grey correlation method was used to evaluate the four optimal sites in the Pingtung Plain. Evaluations were based on hydraulic conductivity, the amount and quality of source water, the distance between the potential artificial lake site and the source water intake position, and the quantity and quality of gravel dug from the potential artificial lake site. Based on groundwater recharge and water storage, the grey correlation method showed that site D (Dar-Shiang-Yung) was the best choice.Key words: artificial lake, grey correlation analysis, groundwater recharge, Pingtung Plain.
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Li, Wang Lin, and Ying Te Li. "Influence of Sediments on Permeability of Recharge Well with Filter Layer during Artificial Recharge of Groundwater." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2806.
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A kind of recharge well with filter layer exists in recharge engineering of Wanghe groundwater reservoir in Laizhou city of China. During artificial recharge of groundwater, layered sediments will silt in the surface layer of recharge well with filter layer. Through doing vertical permeability test of combined soil specimen of silt and sand, we simulate permeability influence to filter layer of recharge well with filter layer during artificial recharge of groundwater. The test indicates that silt reduces permeability of filter layer and recharge capacity of recharge well with filter layer. Also we discover that there are errors in theoretical calculated value of coefficient of permeability for combined soil specimen by the formula of equivalent coefficient of permeability in layered soil, which need to be corrected.
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Subramani, T., and K. Rokith. "Application of GIS Techniques to Determine Suitable Areas for Artificial Groundwater Recharge in Kollimalai Hills." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.10 (July 15, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.10.15627.
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The groundwater is taken into consideration because the foremost source of ninety nine % of all retrievable clean water, optimization of its utilization could be very essential. Identity of potential zones for groundwater recharge has end up an essential occasion to fill up the groundwater sources. The recharge ability is ruled by various functions of surface, subsurface and hydro meteorological parameters. Remote sensing approach is observed to be very powerful device for the combination of various functions of these elements. In this work, an try has been made to identify groundwater recharge potential zones in Kollimalai hill. Namakkal district which is located in Tamilnadu , India. Evaluation (WIOA) changed into done in this study using the software Arc GIS by using integrating the thematic layers of geology, soil, geomorphology, land use/ land cowl geology, geomorphology, lineament, land use/ land cowl, groundwater degree and slope, rainfall. The groundwater potentials were described as suitable, moderately suitable and unsuitable.
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Frycklund, C., B. Sundlöf, and G. Jacks. "Limestone Filters in Artificial Recharge of Groundwater." Environmental Technology 21, no. 4 (April 2000): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332108618099.
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Bouwer, Herman. "Artificial recharge of groundwater: hydrogeology and engineering." Hydrogeology Journal 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2002): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-001-0182-4.
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Hashemi, H., R. Berndtsson, M. Kompani-Zare, and M. Persson. "Natural vs. artificial groundwater recharge, quantification through inverse modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 11, 2013): 637–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-637-2013.
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Abstract. Estimating the change in groundwater recharge from an introduced artificial recharge system is important in order to evaluate future water availability. This paper presents an inverse modeling approach to quantify the recharge contribution from both an ephemeral river channel and an introduced artificial recharge system based on floodwater spreading in arid Iran. The study used the MODFLOW-2000 to estimate recharge for both steady- and unsteady-state conditions. The model was calibrated and verified based on the observed hydraulic head in observation wells and model precision, uncertainty, and model sensitivity were analyzed in all modeling steps. The results showed that in a normal year without extreme events, the floodwater spreading system is the main contributor to recharge with 80% and the ephemeral river channel with 20% of total recharge in the studied area. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the river channel recharge estimation represents relatively more uncertainty in comparison to the artificial recharge zones. The model is also less sensitive to the river channel. The results show that by expanding the artificial recharge system, the recharge volume can be increased even for small flood events, while the recharge through the river channel increases only for major flood events.
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Hashemi, H., R. Berndtsson, M. Kompani-Zare, and M. Persson. "Natural vs. artificial groundwater recharge, quantification through inverse modeling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 8 (August 24, 2012): 9767–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-9767-2012.
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Abstract. Estimating the change in groundwater recharge from an introduced artificial recharge system is important in order to evaluate future water availability. This paper presents an inverse modeling approach to quantify the recharge contribution from both an ephemeral river channel and an introduced artificial recharge system based on floodwater spreading in arid Iran. The study used the MODFLOW-2000 to estimate recharge for both steady and unsteady-state conditions. The model was calibrated and verified based on the observed hydraulic head in observation wells and model precision, uncertainty, and model sensitivity were analyzed in all modeling steps. The results showed that in a normal year without extreme events the floodwater spreading system is the main contributor to recharge with 80% and the ephemeral river channel with 20% of total recharge in the studied area. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the river channel recharge estimation represents relatively more uncertainty in comparison to the artificial recharge zones. The model is also less sensitive to the river channel. The results show that by expanding the artificial recharge system the recharge volume can be increased even for small flood events while the recharge through the river channel increases only for major flood events.
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Sakthivel, P., L. Elango, S. Amirthalingam, C. E. Pratap, N. Brunner, M. Starkl, and M. Thirunavukkarasu. "Managed aquifer recharge: the widening gap between law and policy in India." Water Supply 15, no. 6 (June 5, 2015): 1159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.074.
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The past decade has witnessed discussions on various options to overcome groundwater depletion, such as rainwater harvesting (RWH) and ‘artificial recharge’ methods. This paper addresses law and policy issues relating to managed aquifer recharge (MAR). Based on an analysis of the National Water Policy of India and water polices and laws of the Indian states, a concrete case study, namely Chennai metropolitan area, has been studied in detail. The city of Chennai and the State of Tamil Nadu provide a favorable atmosphere for groundwater recharge, making, e.g. RWH mandatory. However, the legal framework does not support more systematic approaches towards MAR and the administrative praxis does not ensure that groundwater recharge is offset by an increase of illegal groundwater extraction.
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Narantsogt, Nasanbayar, and Ulf Mohrlok. "Evaluation of MAR Methods for Semi-Arid, Cold Regions." Water 11, no. 12 (December 2, 2019): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122548.
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Mongolia is a semi-arid, highly continental region with highly variable precipitation and river discharge. The groundwater aquifer located near Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, is the only one source for city water supply consumption, and it is important to ensure that groundwater is available now and in the future. The main watercourse near the capital city is the Tuul River, fed by precipitation in the Khentii Mountains. The semi-arid and cold environment shows high variability in precipitation and river discharge. However, due to absence of precipitation in winter and spring, the riverbed usually runs dry during these times of the year, and weather observations show that the dry period has been extending in recent years. However, in parallel with urban development, the extended groundwater aquifer has shown a clear decline, and the groundwater levels have dropped significantly. Therefore, a groundwater management system based on managed aquifer recharge is proposed, and a strategy to implement these measures in the Tuul River valley is presented in this paper. This strategy consists of the enhancement of natural recharge rates during the wet summer from the northern drainage canal, an additional increase in groundwater recharge through melting the ice storage in the dry period, as well as the construction of underground dams to accumulate groundwater and a surface water reservoir that releases a constant discharge in the outlet. To increase natural recharge rates of groundwater during the early dry period through the melting ice storage period, the MATLAB icing code, which was written for ice storage for limited and unlimited areas, was considered through finite element subsurface FLOW (FEFLOW) simulation scenarios as a water source in ice form on the surface. A study of the artificial permafrost of underground as an ice dam was processed in FEFLOW simulation scenarios for accumulating groundwater resources. The results of these artificial recharging methods were individually calculated, combined, and compared with the surface reservoir, which releases a constant discharge through the dam. In this paper, new ideas are presented involving managed aquifer recharge—MAR methods, and include application to aufeis, a mass of layered ice for groundwater recharge by melting. Additionally, the accumulation of groundwater using artificial permafrost is used as an underground dam. In addition, was considered recharging scenario only with constant release water amount from water reservoir also with all MAR methods together with reservoir combination.
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Abu-Zreig, Majed M., Haruyuki Fujimaki, and Mohamed Abdel Baset. "Enhancing Groundwater Recharge with Sand Ditches." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 4 (2019): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13163.
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Abstract. Localized and artificial groundwater recharge is an important water management strategy in arid regions. However, artificial recharge is limited by the hydraulic characteristics of surface soil which control downward water percolation to the aquifers. In heavy soils with low infiltration and hydraulic conductivity rate, water percolation can be enhanced by constructing deep ditches filled with highly permeable materials, such as sand. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of constructing a deep sand ditch across the slope of a soil box (50 × 20 × 25 cm3) on runoff and deep percolation to the drainage outlet of the soil box. A sandy loam soil packed in two bulk densities (1200 and 1500 kg/m3) was used for the experiments. The experiments were carried out using simulated steady runoff of about 300 mL/min for a duration of 60 min. Experimental results showed that sand ditches greatly enhanced water deep percolation in soils but their relative effect was more profound in compacted high-density soil compared to soil having low-density. The drainage water collected from compacted soil boxes in the presence of sand ditches increased by 10 times compared to control soil without sand ditches. In the case of low-density soil, the presence of sand ditches eliminated the runoff but the increase in drainage water was about 18% compared to control. The experimental results clearly revealed that creating high infiltration zones within the soil matrix, such as sand ditches, significantly increased water deep percolation and herewith groundwater recharge in drylands, especially in heavy soils. Keywords: Arid regions, Groundwater recharge, Percolation, Rapid infiltration.
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Yang, Tianliang, Xuexin Yan, Xinlei Huang, and Jianzhong Wu. "Integrated management of groundwater exploitation and recharge in Shanghai based on land subsidence control." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-831-2020.
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Abstract. Shanghai has a long history of exploitation and utilization of groundwater in order to meet the needs of industrial production and residential water. As a result, serious land subsidence disasters were induced. Land subsidence poses a huge security threat to the low-altitude coastal city of Shanghai. The development of land subsidence in Shanghai is closely related to the exploitation of underground water. In order to control land subsidence disasters, Shanghai has taken three key measures, i.e., the amount of compressed groundwater exploitation, the adjustment of groundwater exploitation level, and the implementation of artificial groundwater recharge, which have become the most effective measures for land subsidence control. However, as the groundwater levels of various aquifers in the region rise sharply, land subsidence is effectively controlled, and the measures of groundwater exploitation and recharge need to be dynamically adjusted to adapt to the current situation. In this context, from the perspective of history, the paper analyzes the long-term groundwater exploitation and recharge process and the development characteristics of land subsidence in Shanghai and studies the evolution process of land subsidence in different stages. From the perspective of land subsidence prevention and control, the paper analyzes the management measures of groundwater exploitation and recharge and the great achievements. The research results can provide a basis for land subsidence control and comprehensive groundwater management in the new period and can also provide a demonstration and reference for groundwater resource management in similar areas.
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Purwoarminta, Ananta, Rachmat Fajar Lubis, and Rizka Maria. "Imbuhan Airtanah Buatan untuk Konservasi Cekungan Airtanah Bandung-Soreang." RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan 29, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2019.v29.1004.
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Airtanah saat ini telah menjadi isu di dunia dan Indonesia akibat terjadinya degradasi airtanah. Tingginya pertumbuhan penduduk dan industri di wilayah kota telah meningkatkan eksploitasi airtanah, sementara laju pengisian airtanah (infiltrasi) terus menurun. Penurunan laju infiltrasi diakibatkan oleh adanya perubahan tutupan lahan. Berdasarkan permasalahan ini maka konservasi airtanah harus dilakukan untuk menjaga ketahanan air. Cekungan Bandung-Soreang sebagai wilayah perkotaan telah mengalami penurunan muka airtanah sebagai akibat adanya pengambilan airtanah yang berlebih. Tulisan ini adalah telaah dari berbagai metode teknis yang telah diterapkan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut di atas khususnya metode imbuhan buatan untuk konservasi airtanah di Cekungan Bandung. Berbagai teknik telah diterapkan baik oleh masyarakat, industri maupun pemerintah dengan sumber utama adalah air hujan. Namun penurunan muka airtanah masih terus terjadi meskipun upaya-upaya tersebut telah dilakukan. Hasil penelitian terakhir menunjukkan bahwa metode imbuhan buatan hanya mampu mengurangi penurunan muka airtanah. Jika hasil yang diharapkan adalah kembalinya muka airtanah ke kondisi awal maka diperlukan pengembangan metode dan atau penambahan jumlah imbuhan buatan yang sangat banyak. Groundwater becomes an issue globally due to groundwater degradation. The high population and industry growth in the cities had increased the exploitation of groundwater. On the other hand, the rate of infiltration is lower due to city development. Therefore, groundwater conservation is required to maintain water resistance. The Bandung-Soreang Basin, as an urban area, has experienced a decline in groundwater as a result of excessive groundwater extraction. This paper presented a review of various technical methods that have been applied to overcome the problem. Artificial recharge method for groundwater conservation in the Bandung-Soreang Basin has been used by the community, industry, and government, with rainwater as the main source. The most recent condition indicated that the groundwater level has been still decreasing despite these efforts. The results of the latest research suggested that artificial recharge has only reduced the groundwater depletion. To restore the groundwater to its initial condition, we need to develop a new method or simply add a lot more artificial recharges.
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Tesfaldet, Yacob T., and Avirut Puttiwongrak. "Seasonal Groundwater Recharge Characterization Using Time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography in the Thepkasattri Watershed on Phuket Island, Thailand." Hydrology 6, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6020036.
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Understanding the recharge mechanisms in the vadose zone is crucial to groundwater management and artificial recharge development. In this study, a systematic characterization of seasonal groundwater recharge was done using time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (time-lapse ERT). The objective of this study was to characterize the seasonal groundwater recharge through the vadose zone and streams. A total of six electrical resistivity surveys in two locations were taken during the dry and rainy seasons using an advanced geosciences incorporated (AGI) SuperSting R2 resistivity meter in 2018. Then, time-lapse inversion was calculated using the dry season ERT as the base model and the rainy season ERTs as the monitoring datasets. The results showed a significant decrease in inverted resistivity from the dry season to the rainy season, which suggests rainwater infiltration through the vadose zone. Similarly, significant water level rise was observed in wells monitored during the survey indicating groundwater recharge. The time-lapse ERT showed, in one case, the Nang Dak stream and the unsaturated zones are the preferential groundwater recharge zones throughout the year; in another case, the Rieng stream is the groundwater discharge zone and the vadose zone is the preferential recharge zone. Finally, a simplified conceptual hydrogeological model representing the study area is presented to visualize the recharge mechanisms in the study area.
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Mazariegos, Junior G., Jennifer C. Walker, Xiaomei Xu, and Claudia I. Czimczik. "Tracing Artificially Recharged Groundwater using Water and Carbon Isotopes." Radiocarbon 59, no. 2 (August 11, 2016): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.51.
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AbstractWe conducted an isotopic analysis of groundwater in Orange County, California, USA, around the Talbert Seawater Injection Barrier to determine if recycled water, used to artificially recharge local aquifers, carries a unique isotopic signature that can be used as a tracer. From September 2014 to April 2015, we collected groundwater from six privately owned wells within the coastal groundwater basin, along with various surface waters. All water samples were analyzed for their stable isotopic composition (δ18O, δD), the δ13C and 14C signature of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) pool, DIC concentration, pH, and salinity. The DIC of groundwater mixing with recycled water is enriched in 14C above natural background levels, with varying signal strength through time, depleted in δ13C, and low in DIC concentration. Water isotopes further suggest that recycled water is a mixture of Colorado River water and regional groundwater. In contrast, groundwater found further away from the injection barrier has carbon and water isotope composition consistent with regional groundwater and Santa Ana River water. Our findings imply that recycled water injected through the Talbert Barrier is isotopically unique, and that 14C enrichment may be used as an intrinsic tracer of artificial recharge within the basin.
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Hussain, Fiaz, Riaz Hussain, Ray-Shyan Wu, and Tanveer Abbas. "Rainwater Harvesting Potential and Utilization for Artificial Recharge of Groundwater Using Recharge Wells." Processes 7, no. 9 (September 16, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090623.
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This study devised a practical solution to mitigate urban inundation and artificial recharge of groundwater using recharge wells which is the most viable surface runoff rainwater harvesting (RWH) technique in urban areas. The Rainwater Harvesting Pilot Project at Gaddafi Stadium Lahore was established to deal with urban flooding, artificial recharge of groundwater, and to avoid the mixing of rainwater in municipal sewerage. The study showed that Lahore city has great RWH potential from critical ponding roads that can be utilized to recharge the Lahore aquifer. With that ratio of recharge, the groundwater level can rise to 3.54 ft after every monsoon period if the same recharge wells structure are used, which is a key to groundwater sustainability in Lahore city. Moreover, the maximum recharging capacity of wells was 29.32 m3/h with satisfactory performance. Both recharge wells cleared the ponding volume within 3 to 3.5 h after the rainfall stopped. The filter media performance was also favorable with 25%–30% removal of contamination. All the water quality parameters were within the permissible limit against prescribed standards except coliform count that indicated the presence of sewage. In such a case the mixing of charcoal is recommended to shut up the coliform signals. This study identified that RWH using recharge wells is an alternative freshwater supply source for sustainable development of Lahore city and this technique should be the part of Master Planning and Policy Decision of Lahore as a suggestion.
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Zghibi, Adel, Ali Mirchi, Mohamed Haythem Msaddek, Amira Merzougui, Lahcen Zouhri, Jean-Denis Taupin, Anis Chekirbane, Ismail Chenini, and Jamila Tarhouni. "Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Multi-Influencing Factors to Map Groundwater Recharge Zones in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Coastal Aquifer." Water 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 2525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092525.
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Mapping groundwater recharge zones (GWRZs) is essential for planning artificial recharge programs to mitigate groundwater decline and saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers. We applied two multi-criteria decision-making approaches, namely the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the multi-influencing factors (MIF), to map GWRZs in the Korba aquifer in northeastern Tunisia. GWRZ results from the AHP indicate that the majority (69%) of the area can be classified as very good and good for groundwater recharge. The MIF results suggest larger (80.7%) very good and good GWRZs. The GWRZ maps improve groundwater balance calculations by providing estimates of recharge-precipitation ratios to quantify percolation. Lithology, land use/cover and slope were the most sensitive parameters followed by geomorphology, lineament density, rainfall, drainage density and soil type. The AHP approach produced relatively more accurate results than the MIF technique based on correlation of the obtained GWRZs with groundwater well discharge data from 20 wells across the study area. The accuracy of the approaches ultimately depends on the classification criteria, mean rating score and weights assigned to the thematic layers. Nonetheless, the GWRZ maps suggest that there is ample opportunity to implement aquifer recharge programs to reduce groundwater stress in the Korba aquifer.
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Endo, Takahiro. "Groundwater management: a search for better policy combinations." Water Policy 17, no. 2 (August 11, 2014): 332–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.255.
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Excessive groundwater pumping is now a global concern. There is no panacea for this problem, which needs to be addressed through continual policy improvements based on case studies. Good examples of the diversity of groundwater management are demonstrated by the Tokyo (Japan) and Orange County Water District (OCWD, California, USA) experiences. In Tokyo, excessive groundwater pumping was addressed through technological restrictions, including restrictions on the diameter and depth of wells, and construction of industrial waterworks. On the other hand, in Orange County, OCWD introduced a pump tax to purchase external water for artificial groundwater recharge. These two strategies are in striking contrast, from two perspectives. First, while OCWD's main policy tools were tax and artificial recharge, Tokyo depended on technological restrictions and construction of waterworks. Second, OCWD uses a combination of surface water and groundwater, but water supply in Tokyo has shifted almost completely from groundwater to surface water. What are the strong and weak points of each strategy? What causes such diversity? In this paper, a comparative case study was conducted to clarify (1) the institutional contexts causing the diversity of groundwater management and (2) the advantages and disadvantages of each policy combination.
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Bai, Tao, Wen-Ping Tsai, Yen-Ming Chiang, Fi-John Chang, Wan-Yu Chang, Li-Chiu Chang, and Kuang-Chih Chang. "Modeling and Investigating the Mechanisms of Groundwater Level Variation in the Jhuoshui River Basin of Central Taiwan." Water 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081554.
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Due to nonuniform rainfall distribution in Taiwan, groundwater is an important water source in certain areas that lack water storage facilities during periods of drought. Therefore, groundwater recharge is an important issue for sustainable water resources management. The mountainous areas and the alluvial fan areas of the Jhuoshui River basin in Central Taiwan are considered abundant groundwater recharge regions. This study aims to investigate the interactive mechanisms between surface water and groundwater through statistical techniques and estimate groundwater level variations by a combination of artificial intelligence techniques and the Gamma test (GT). The Jhuoshui River basin in Central Taiwan is selected as the study area. The results demonstrate that: (1) More days of accumulated rainfall data are required to affect variable groundwater levels in low-permeability wells or deep wells; (2) effective rainfall thresholds can be properly identified by lower bound screening of accumulated rainfall; (3) daily groundwater level variation can be estimated effectively by artificial neural networks (ANNs); and (4) it is difficult to build efficient models for low-permeability wells, and the accuracy and stability of models is worse in the proximal-fan areas than in the mountainous areas.
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Chitsazan, M., L. Nozarpour, and A. Movahedian. "Impact of artificial recharge on groundwater recharge estimated by groundwater modeling (case study: Jarmeh flood spreading, Iran)." Sustainable Water Resources Management 4, no. 1 (June 9, 2017): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40899-017-0126-3.
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Hashemi, H., C. B. Uvo, and R. Berndtsson. "Coupled modeling approach to assess climate change impacts on groundwater recharge and adaptation in arid areas." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 10 (October 16, 2015): 4165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4165-2015.
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Abstract. The effect of future climate scenarios on surface and groundwater resources was simulated using a modeling approach for an artificial recharge area in arid southern Iran. Future climate data for the periods of 2010–2030 and 2030–2050 were acquired from the Canadian Global Coupled Model (CGCM 3.1) for scenarios A1B, A2, and B1. These scenarios were adapted to the studied region using the delta-change method. A conceptual rainfall–runoff model (Qbox) was used to simulate runoff in a flash flood prone catchment. The model was calibrated and validated for the period 2002–2011 using daily discharge data. The projected climate variables were used to simulate future runoff. The rainfall–runoff model was then coupled to a calibrated groundwater flow and recharge model (MODFLOW) to simulate future recharge and groundwater hydraulic heads. As a result of the rainfall–runoff modeling, under the B1 scenario the number of floods is projected to slightly increase in the area. This in turn calls for proper management, as this is the only source of fresh water supply in the studied region. The results of the groundwater recharge modeling showed no significant difference between present and future recharge for all scenarios. Owing to that, four abstraction and recharge scenarios were assumed to simulate the groundwater level and recharge amount in the studied aquifer. The results showed that the abstraction scenarios have the most substantial effect on the groundwater level and the continuation of current pumping rate would lead to a groundwater decline by 18 m up to 2050.
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Hammami Abidi, Jamila, Boutheina Farhat, Abdallah Ben Mammou, and Naceur Oueslati. "Characterization of Recharge Mechanisms and Sources of Groundwater Salinization in Ras Jbel Coastal Aquifer (Northeast Tunisia) Using Hydrogeochemical Tools, Environmental Isotopes, GIS, and Statistics." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8610894.
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Groundwater is among the most available water resources in Tunisia; it is a vital natural resource in arid and semiarid regions. Located in north-eastern Tunisia, the Metline-Ras Jbel-Raf Raf aquifer is a mio-plio-quaternary shallow coastal aquifer, where groundwater is the most important source of water supply. The major ion hydrochemistry and environmental isotope composition (δ18O, δ2H) were investigated to identify the recharge sources and processes that affect the groundwater salinization. The combination of hydrogeochemical, isotopic, statistical, and GIS approaches demonstrates that the salinity and the groundwater composition are largely controlled by the water-rock interaction particularly the dissolution of evaporate minerals and the ion exchange process, the return flow of the irrigation water, agricultural fertilizers, and finally saltwater intrusion which started before 1980 and which is partially mitigated by the artificial recharge since 1993. As for the stable isotope signatures, results showed that groundwater samples lay on and around the local meteoric water line LMWL; hence, this arrangement signifies that the recharge of the Ras Jbel aquifer is ensured by recent recharge from Mediterranean air masses.
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Vasudeo, A. D., and R. Srivastava. "INCREASE IN GROUNDWATER LEVEL DUE TO ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 11, no. 3 (January 2005): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2005.10514798.
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Mukherjee, Debu. "A Review on Artificial Groundwater Recharge in India." International Journal of Civil Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488352/ijce-v3i1p108.
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Bao-rui, Yan. "Investigation into Mechanisms of Microbial Effects on Iron and Manganese Transformations in Artificially Recharged Groundwater." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0080.
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After artificial recharging of groundwater some problems occurred, such as changes in groundwater quality, the silting up of recharge (injection) wells, etc. Therefore, the mechanisms of microbial effects on groundwater quality after artificial recharging were studied in Shanghai and the district of Changzhou. These problems were approached on the basis of the amounts of biochemical reaction products generated by the metabolism of iron bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria, Thiobacillusthioparus, and Thiobacillusdenitrificans. The experiments showed that in the transformations occurring and the siltation of recharge wells, microorganisms play an important role, due to the various chemical and biochemical activities. A water-rock-microorganisms system is proposed, and some methods for the prevention and treatment of these effects are given.
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Mirlas, Vladimir, Assyl Makyzhanova, Vitaly Kulagin, Erghan Kuldeev, and Yaakov Anker. "An Integrated Aquifer Management Approach for Aridification-Affected Agricultural Area, Shengeldy-Kazakhstan." Water 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172357.
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Ongoing water-resource depletion is a common trend in southeastern Kazakhstan and in most of Central Asia, making the use of drainage water for freshwater preservation and groundwater recharge a key strategy for sustainable agriculture. Since the Ily River inflow began to decrease, groundwater levels in the Shengeldy study area site have fallen below the drainage pipes. As such, our main research hypothesis was that owing to drainage infiltration, the regional shallow aquifer can be used as an effective additional water source for moistening crop root systems during the irrigation period. The MODFLOW groundwater flow model was used to simulate and quantitatively assess the combined hydrogeological and irrigation conditions of artificial groundwater recharge both from the subsurface drainage and as an additional source for irrigation. The field study showed that the additional groundwater table elevation will reach approximately 1.5 m under the field drainage system and that the additional groundwater recharge influence zone will develop up to 300–350 m from the drains. The MODFLOW simulation together with full-scale experimental studies suggests that under certain conditions drainage water can be applied both as an additional source of irrigation and for aquifer sustainable maintenance.
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Verma, Nishi, Martin Anda, and Yureana Wijayanti. "ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE FOR SUSTAINABLE GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT PLAN IN YOGYAKARTA." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v0i0.4364.
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<strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigates the development of a sustainable groundwater management strategy in Yogyakarta province through groundwater recharge technologies. This study also compares technologies used in the province and the one already implemented in Perth due to its similar nature in site geology and hydrogeology. <strong>Methodology and Results: </strong>Primary and secondary data were collected and analyzed. Water depth and hydraulic conductivity data were analyzed using permeameter and GIS program. GIS image analysis of water depth and hydraulic conductivity suggested that the placement of potential aquifer recharge sites would be best suited in the north-east part of the province, slightly outside the study area, to provide water for all. Two recharge schemes of an infiltration basin and an injection well with storm water detention tank were proposed. The injection well was decided upon, despite its higher cost, due to the impermeability of soils in Yogyakarta and possible water seepage to the environment. Similar to Perth’s Hartfield park scheme, an injection well would directly bypass these soil layers to recharge the aquifers with rainwater and storm water. Hartfield Park injects 4400 kL of water/year. <strong>Conclusion, significance and impact study: </strong>The findings of this study indicate aquifer recharge is a possible solution to overcome Yogyakarta’s high abstraction. Further studies recommend that injection well trials are further developed in terms of location, depth and sizing.
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Hurynovich, Anatoly, and Valiantsin Ramanouski. "Artifisial replenishment of the deep aquifers." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500025.
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On the basis of the analysis, laboratory and pilot studies that have been conducted, schemes of artificial replenishment of deep aquifers are proposed. These schemes allow a groundwater recharge in order to water intake with generate electricity using the energy of the water flow and provide clear water, which serves to replenish underground water. Experimental section of this technological scheme was designed and built in the region of water intake in Brest (Belarus), on which were carried out hydrogeological surveys. Based on the above results, it was suggested to use the energy of the water flow in a water-inject well to convert it into electrical energy. A method for artificial groundwater recharge, which simultaneously allows groundwater recharge to the target groundwater without expending energy, generation of electricity using the power of the water flow and produces high quality water through the use of ozonation, which serves to replenish the groundwater was proposed. This is achieved through the use of hydraulic ram pump water-lifting devices, combined with electric generators, and a device for water purification such as an ozone generator. The proposed scheme and well design also allows the removal of iron and manganese from underground water and can be organized by two options, depending on the water source.
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Du, Shang Hai. "Groundwater Quality Variation Affected by Artificial Recharge in Hutuo River Bed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2158.
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Artificial recharge using outside diversion water is an effective method to solve the water resources shortage, but it’s necessary of groundwater quality analysis during the recharge process. For the parameters acquisition of artificial recharge, a field infiltration test had been taken with the Hutuo River bed, the ions variation had been tested. The results show that, Cl-, SO42-, F- increase but NO3- decreases during the recharge process, then get back after the recharge termination; considering mixture is main factor of Cl- variation, the proportions of different water resource had been calculated, the proportion of recharge water increases during artificial process and decrease after the recharge termination, hysteresis exists between different sampling wells by the responding time and peak time.
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Rajesh Kumar, V. "Remote Sensing and GIS in Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones: A Study at Thirumullaivasal Village, Nagapattinam District, Tamilnadu, India." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 2776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.2776.
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The demand for need of groundwater goes with descending powers, when compared with the available natural resources to meet the expectations of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial needs. Consequently, groundwater is being withdrawn from storage and water levels are declining resulting in crop failures, seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, land subsidence etc. This urges the need of artificial recharge of groundwater by augmenting the natural infiltration of precipitation into subsurface formation by some suitable methods of recharge. This inturns expects the quantitative availability of groundwater in the area, at the earliest, to follow suitable recharge methods. This rapid determination is found possible only when Remote Sensing and GIS approaches are applied in addition to conventional methods, where time frame is lagging. In this study, Remote Sensing and GIS approaches were used to identify groundwater potential zones in Thirumullaivasal village of Nagapattinam district of Tamilnadu. Various thematic maps were prepared for the factors that influence groundwater such as rainfall, soil type, land use, slope and geology using satellite imageries, toposheets and data from Government and other organizations. Ranks and Weightages were assigned for different categories by devising criterion table and Cumulative Suitability Index (CSI) values were found out using Multi-criterion analysis of the prepared thematic maps through GIS. Based on CSI values, the area was prioritized into different groundwater potential zones for future investigation.
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Hama, Takehide, Toshio Fujimi, Takeo Shima, Kei Ishida, Yasunori Kawagoshi, and Hiroaki Ito. "Evaluation of groundwater recharge by rice and crop rotation fields in Kumamoto, Japan." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (September 16, 2019): 1042–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.045.
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Abstract In Kumamoto, Japan, about one million people depend for all their water on groundwater resources. Paddy fields and rice farming in the middle river watershed area make a large contribution to the groundwater recharge. In our research, an environmental measure (artificial flooding for groundwater recharge) conducted by local governments is evaluated. Hydrological measurement was conducted in a paddy plot in the area. A simple model of water distribution was developed on the basis of the field measurement. Then, drought risk in the paddy-field district was estimated using the model and GIS data. The results reveal that the fields with a high percolation rate of more than 30 mm/d result in inefficient use of irrigation water although they have large potential for groundwater recharge. In addition, the water distribution model suggests that environmental measures can increase the risk of water shortage in the paddy-field district due to the farmers' careless use of water.
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Mathenge, Morris W., Dr Gladys M. Gathuru, and Dr Esther L. Kitur. "SPATIAL-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF GROUNDWATER RECHARGE FROM PRECIPITATION IN THE STONY ATHI SUB-CATCHMENT, KENYA." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1079.
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Purpose: Groundwater recharge is an important process for sustainable groundwater development and its quantification is a prerequisite for efficient management of groundwater resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the scale and spatial-temporal variation of groundwater recharge from precipitation in the semi-arid Stony Athi sub-catchment.
Methodology: A descriptive case study approach was used for the evaluation. WetSpass-M, a GIS physically based, spatially distributed watershed model was applied. The model integrates biophysical and climatic characteristics of a watershed to simulate the long term mean groundwater recharge. Grid maps of the sub-catchment characteristics were prepared from primary and secondary data using ArcMap. The model was applied for four periods, namely, 1984, 1995, 2005 and 2017. Besides the average groundwater recharge, other outputs of the model include surface run-off and actual evapotranspiration. The study was carried out between January and December 2018.
Findings: Land cover in the Stony Athi sub-catchment is comprised of built-up area, agricultural land, grassland, shrub-land, mixed forest and bare land. Topography ranges from 1493 m to 2,082 m above sea level with a slope of between 0% and 30%. Soil types include sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam and clay. The mean annual precipitation is about 634 mm while the potential evapotranspiration is about 1,490 mm. Annual temperature averages 19.0°C with a mean maximum of 25°C and a mean minimum of 12.7°C. The results of the simulation indicated that the long-term temporal and spatial average annual rainfall of 634 mm is distributed as 88 mm (14%) recharge, 77 mm (12%) surface runoff while 475 mm (75%) is lost through evapotranspiration.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study demonstrate the importance of physically-based spatially-distributed hydrological models in estimating the water balance. The study provides a theoretical basis for scientific, rational resource allocation and utilization as well as creating awareness of the need to enhance groundwater governance. Results from this study can be used as an input for building an integrated groundwater modelling and for evaluation of potential sites for managed artificial recharge through harvesting runoff to improve groundwater storage.
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Sikdar, P. K., and P. Sahu. "Understanding wetland sub-surface hydrology using geologic and isotopic signatures." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 7 (July 28, 2009): 1313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1313-2009.
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Abstract. This paper attempts to utilize hydrogeology and isotope composition of groundwater to understand the present hydrological processes prevalent in a freshwater wetland, source of wetland groundwater, surface water/groundwater interaction and mixing of groundwater of various depth zones in the aquifer. This study considers East Calcutta Wetlands (ECW) – a freshwater peri-urban inland wetland ecosystem located at the lower part of the deltaic alluvial plain of South Bengal Basin and east of Kolkata city. This wetland is well known over the world for its resource recovery systems, developed by local people through ages, using wastewater of the city. Geological investigations reveal that the sub-surface geology is completely blanketed by the Quaternary sediments comprising a succession of silty clay, sand of various grades and sand mixed with occasional gravels and thin intercalations of silty clay. At few places the top silty clay layer is absent due to scouring action of past channels. In these areas sand is present throughout the geological column and the areas are vulnerable to groundwater pollution. Groundwater mainly flows from east to west and is being over-extracted to the tune of 65×103 m3/day. δ18O and δD values of shallow and deep groundwater are similar indicating resemblance in hydrostratigraphy and climate of the recharge areas. Groundwater originates mainly from monsoonal rain with some evaporation prior to or during infiltration and partly from bottom of ponds, canals and infiltration of groundwater withdrawn for irrigation. Relatively high tritium content of the shallow groundwater indicates local recharge, while the deep groundwater with very low tritium is recharged mainly from distant areas. At places the deep aquifer has relatively high tritium, indicating mixing of groundwater of shallow and deep aquifers. Metals such as copper, lead, arsenic, cadmium, aluminium, nickel and chromium are also present in groundwater of various depths. Therefore, aquifers of wetland and surrounding urban areas which are heavily dependent on groundwater are vulnerable to pollution. In the area south of ECW isotope data indicates no interaction between shallow and deep aquifer and hence this area may be a better location to treat sewage water than within ECW. To reduce the threat of pollution in ECW's aquifer, surface water-groundwater interaction should be minimized by regulating tubewell operation time, introducing treated surface water supply system and artificial recharging of the aquifer.
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Raskar, Trupti, Himanshu Gaikwad, Omkar Kadekar, and Bhavana Umrikar. "Impact Assessment of Water Harvesting Structures in Micro-Watersheds of Nira River Basin, Maharashtra, India." Hydrospatial Analysis 3, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj3.19030203.
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Artificial recharge is highly recommended in declining groundwater level trends as well as partially replenished aquifers. Moreover, the quantification of the recharge to aquifers due to such measures is important in water resource budgeting, development and planning. With this objective nine locations representing varied geomorphology were selected and the groundwater levels from the dug well in the proximity of water harvesting structures were monitored. The plot of monthly groundwater levels versus rainfall depicts that in the month of July high rainfall occurred but the groundwater levels raised in August due to delayed recharge process. The water level data also indicate the availability of water column of about 5m to 6m in most of the wells till the end of February, 2020. Water Harvesting structures overlaid on the Recharge Potential Zone map represent excellent (13.1%), very good (12.3%), good (23.3%), moderate (25.2) and poor (26.1) zones. The computation of artificial recharge from these structures depict that the structures having high storage capacity with a greater number of fillings have higher recharge. Also, the geophysical resistivity surveys were conducted to understand the degree of saturation at each location up to 50m, 100m and 150m distances from the structure. After integrating all datasets, it has been found that the structure at Shivajinagar has highest recharge followed by Pisalwadi, Kanheri, Zagalwadi 2, Kavathe, Ansur, Bholi, Limbachidwadi, Zagalwadi 1 and Kesurdi. Thus, the study concludes that the impact of water harvesting structures varies according to topography, land slope, geomorphology, size of catchment and lithology.
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M., Rajasekhar, Sudarsana Raju G., Imran Basha U., Siddi Raju R., Pradeep Kumar B., and Ramachandra M. "Identification of Suitable Sites for Artificial Groundwater Recharge Structures in Semi-arid region of Anantapur District: AHP Approach." Hydrospatial Analysis 3, no. 1 (July 28, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj3.19030101.
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The conservation and sustainable advancement of soil and water assets is one of the fundamental standards for improvement of arid and semi-arid regions of India. The present study is underway to evaluate the Artificial Groundwater Recharge Zones (AGRZ) in the semi-arid region of Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, India using Remote Sensing (RS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The comparative weights were assigned to different thematic layers with the help of the decision making tool of AHP. A set of eight thematic layers influence groundwater potential (GWP) is determined based on their corresponding weights, which depend on a Saaty’s 9 points scale. These weights are normalized using AHP technique to identify the AGRZs. Five AGRZs were recognized as very low, low, moderate, good and very good, depending on its suitability to identify the sites for groundwater recharge. About 4.29 % (8.96km2) and 17.70 % (36.95km2) area in the region show very good and good potentials of artificial groundwater recharge, respectively. On the other hand 61.59% (128.60km2), 11.94% (24.94km2) and 4.48 % (9.35km2) area showed moderate, poor and very poor potentials. Overall accuracy of AGRZ map is 82.05%. 92 check dams, 19 percolation tanks and 7 check walls were found suitable in the region. The effectiveness and prediction ability of the method depends on integrity of the criterion used. AHP based methodology can be useful for precise and reliable analysis and predictions of groundwater in semi-arid regions of India.