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1
Thompson, Sally, Margaret Shanafield, Ana Manero, and Greg Claydon. "When urban stormwater meets high groundwater." Water e-Journal 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21139/wej.2021.007.
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New land releases in the Perth Region on Western Australia’s Swan Coastal Plain are increasingly constrained by seasonally high groundwater (within 4m of the land surface). The measurement, modelling, and management of the effects of urbanisation in these high groundwater environments remains a challenging problem. To address this problem, the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Sensitive Cities (CRWSC) funded the “Knowledge-based water sensitive city solutions for groundwater impacted developments” Integrated Research Project, IRP5. In 2019, this project convened an Expert Panel to assess best-practice, and make recommendations to land development, engineering consulting, regulatory and advisory stakeholders. The Expert Panel explored strategies for groundwater risk assessment and provided technical guidance for measuring, modelling and predicting changes in groundwater as urbanisation progresses. It also obtained extensive input from stakeholders on the need to reduce the costs and risks of urban development in sites with high groundwater. In this paper, we argue that, by integrating technical best-practice groundwater assessments with design innovations and reforms to governance, urban development on high groundwater sites on the Swan Coastal Plain can minimise the current reliance on large volumes of sand fill. Although challenging, shifting to a low-fill development paradigm would represent a triple-bottom-line “win” for developers, homeowners and the environment.
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Lili, Yu, Ling Minhua, Chen Fei, Ding Yueyuan, and Lv Cuimei. "Practices of groundwater over-exploitation control in Hebei Province." Water Policy 22, no. 4 (June 10, 2020): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.183.
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Abstract Twenty-one provinces in China have the problem of groundwater over-exploitation, and Hebei is the province with the longest-lasting and most severe groundwater over-exploitation problems. In 2014, the Chinese government initiated a pilot project of groundwater over-exploitation control in Hebei Province. Comprehensive measures have been adopted, including replacement of groundwater supply with surface water, development of a water-saving agricultural irrigation system, adjustment of agricultural planting mode, and improvement of water use right and water pricing systems. Pilot projects of groundwater over-exploitation treatment in Hebei Province can provide a good reference for other arid and semi-arid regions to implement and strengthen groundwater management strategies.
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Yuanyuan, GAO, LI Jia, HAO Qichen, YU Chu, and MENG Suhua. "Analysis on the Effect of Groundwater Overexploitation Control in Water receiving region of the First Phase of the South-North Water Transfer Project." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601069.
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The South-North Water Transfer Project is playing a more and more important role in ensuring economic and social development and maintaining a good ecological environment for north of China. However, long-term over-exploitation of groundwater has caused a series of ecological and environmental problems. The first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was successfully passed through in 2013 and 2014. The water supplied by this huge project provided critical water source for implementing groundwater overexploitation control. In order to promote the management and protection of groundwater resources, the overdraft areas had adopted comprehensive measures to reduce groundwater extraction, such as accelerating the construction of supporting projects, shutting down groundwater mining wells, improving the groundwater monitoring station network, and reforming the water resources fees and so on. The urban groundwater overexploitation control work has received good progress. Based on the investigation and statistics of groundwater overexploitation control in the water receiving region of the first phase of the South-North Water Transfer Project, it was found that since the first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project passing though, the water groundwater withdrawal decreased by 15.23×108 m3 by making full use of the water from the South-North Water Transfer Project, including 2.36×108 m3 in Beijing, 0.67×108 m3 in Tianjin, 6.39×108 m3 in Hebei, 3.84×108 m3 in Henan, 1.62×108 m3 in Shandong, and 0.35×108 m3 in Jiangsu, respectively. The number of groundwater withdrawal wells closed was 15202, including 331 wells in Beijing, 582 in Tianjin, 4895 in Hebei, 6213 in Henan, 2012 in Shandong, and 1169 eyes in Jiangsu, respectively. In terms of groundwater level, the trend of continuous decline in groundwater level has been effectively curbed in most areas of the water receiving region, however, in some areas the groundwater level is still declining due to the too large cumulative over-exploitation of groundwater. Shijiazhuang City was selected as typical monitoring site to explain the groundwater overexploitation control effect on groundwater level. The analysis of the monitoring data of typical monitoring sites showed that groundwater overexploitation control has a great influence on the groundwater level change in Shijiazhuang urban area. This study also puts forward some problems and suggestions in promoting the groundwater overexploitation control in the water receiving region, and provides reference for the construction of ecological civilization and national water security.
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YOSHIZAWA, Takuya. "Evaluation of Sustainable Groundwater Development Potential, Case Study on the Groundwater Irrigation Project in Eastern Indonesia." Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology 51, no. 3 (2010): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5110/jjseg.51.130.
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Kim, Sun G., and Gyoo-Bum Kim. "Are Groundwater Monitoring Networks Economical? Cost-Benefit Analysis on the Long-Term Groundwater Supply Project of South Korea." Water 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040753.
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Analyses of the relative economic efficiencies of surface-water and groundwater are important for policy-makers in many water-stressed countries. Groundwater is becoming an increasingly attractive and viable option as a supplementary water source, but its economic background must be understood before implementation. Employing the basic frameworks of the British and US Geological Surveys, we examined the economic viability of groundwater monitoring networks in South Korea, based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), pairwise comparison, and cost–benefit analysis. The total cost including installation, maintenance and servicing over the next 50 years is estimated to be US$ 0.79 billion, while the benefits are valued at US$ 2.31 billion. The monitoring network should provide benefits worth 292% of the costs, with the monitoring project thus clearly being economically viable. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the monitoring project is still economical, even if the network installation schedule is delayed slightly. As this study combines both economic and scientific perspectives, it might provide a concrete economic background for implementing groundwater utilization projects elsewhere.
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Chinnasamy, Pennan, and Surendra Raj Shrestha. "Melamchi water supply project: potential to replenish Kathmandu's groundwater status for dry season access." Water Policy 21, S1 (October 21, 2019): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.080.
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Abstract Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) currently uses 35 surface and 57 groundwater sources to supply water for Nepal's capital, Kathmandu. It is necessary to understand if the Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) can assist lean period water supply by indirectly increasing groundwater storage, through diverting excess water supply to groundwater recharge zones. The current study analyzed long-term groundwater depletion to assess available groundwater storage, followed by assessment of groundwater balance for the Kathmandu Valley. Results show that total groundwater extraction for Kathmandu was 69.44 million cubic meters (MCM) and drawdown of the groundwater surface was 15–20 m since the construction of wells in 1984/85, indicating substantial overexploitation. Results indicate that the ongoing unmet demand of 170 MCM/year can be easily satisfied if groundwater storage is recharged effectively, as underground water storage potential is 246 MCM/year due to a groundwater depletion rate of 2–10 m. From results, it is evident that that the timely implementation of the MWSP can help ease ongoing water stress and aid in reversing the damage caused to groundwater storage. In the long run, MWSP can supply water and recharge groundwater during monsoon periods, thus improving the quality of life and socio-economic status in Kathmandu.
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Borisova, Tatiana, Matthew Cutillo, Kate Beggs, and Krystle Hoenstine. "Addressing the Scarcity of Traditional Water Sources through Investments in Alternative Water Supplies: Case Study from Florida." Water 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082089.
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This paper examines the capital costs for alternative water supply projects in Florida, the third most populous state in the United States. The increasing scarcity of fresh groundwater in Florida has led to investments in alternative water supply sources, including brackish groundwater, surface water capture and storage, reclaimed water, and stormwater. Expenditures to meet the growing water demand for the 20-year planning horizon are estimated using water demand projections and existing supply estimates from Florida’s five water management districts. In the regions where demand projections exceed the existing supply, the districts are required to identify project options to meet the growing water demand while protecting the natural systems. This study uses the database of 645 projects implemented in the past or considered for the future. The Ordinary Least Squares regression model shows that project implementation costs depend on project capacity, type, implementation status, and implementation region. Given the most common project types and project sizes, the total investments to meet the state’s future water demand could reach almost $2 billion in the next 20 years. The expenditures necessitate more cost-effective options (such as expanding stormwater use and water conservation).
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Barker, James, Sanjeev Pandey, Jackie McKeay, Kerynne Birch, and Matthew Paull. "Groundwater management – working with Queensland and EPBC regulation and processes." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18281.
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Onshore gas development projects are often referred for assessment under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), administered by the Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Energy (DOEE), and coal seam gas projects may require additional assessment under the ‘water trigger’ legislation. Queensland Government approval is also required and both governments’ approval processes can intersect. The two processes may have different scope and timeframes, and these are important considerations for proponents bringing forward new gas supply and project expansions. As co-regulators, the Queensland Government and DOEE routinely look for opportunities to better align regulatory practices and ensure they remain contemporary and fit for purpose. In this context, they are exploring opportunities to improve the administration of requirements for Queensland gas projects to enhance the ability of regulators to assess project approvals, ensure compliance, improve process efficiency, and maintain high environmental standards.
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SEBASTIAN CALVO, Carlos. "COORDINATED RESEARCH PROJECT “DEVELOPMENT OF RADIOMETRIC METHODS AND MODELLING FOR MEASUREMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT." Scientia 22, no. 22 (January 1, 2021): 149–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/scientia.v22i22.3574.
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The first case study, namely Evaluation of leakages in Peruvian mining tail deposits by the aid of radiotracers, corresponds to the evaluation of leakages in two tailing deposits have been performed in a Peruvian Mining Company, in Cusco-Peru, through the injection of tritiated water as a proper tracer, and the use of isotope and chemical techniques, in order to confirm the existence of filtrations in the neighborhood of such tailing deposits. The objective of the study was to establish a cause-effect mechanism between the two mineral tailing deposits and its corresponded influence area, as probably receipt bodies of contamination. As a result of the intensive operation, it was established a cause-effect mechanism between the deposits and its corresponded influence area as a receipt bodies of contamination by tailing elements. The second case study, namely “Determination of flow velocities in groundwater by the aid of tracer techniques” corresponds to the evaluation of the groundwater resources in Ica Region at the southern Peru, and reports methodologies andtechniques developed for on-site artificial tracer aided measurements of groundwater flow velocities.
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McCalpin, James. "Surface Flow on Medano, Mosca, and Sand Creeks in Relation to Fault Zones and Water Tables." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 16 (January 1, 1992): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1992.3103.
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This project seeks to determine the relation between surging surface flow and projected groundwater declines at the Great Sand Dunes National Monument. Surging flow in Medano Creek is a unique visitor attraction at the Monument, and is exhibited from April through July at easily accessible sites. Projected water table declines of up to 46 m due to an adjacent groundwater development scheme may increase infiltration rates in Monument creeks, thus leading to diminished or eliminated surge flow. This report covers the third 6-month period of the contract (May 15-Nov. 15, 1992).
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Shen, Huan, Yong Huang, Yuzhou Tang, Huiyang Qiu, and Ping Wang. "Impact Analysis of Karst Reservoir Construction on the Surrounding Environment: A Case Study for the Southwest of China." Water 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112327.
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With the rapid growth of the global demand for low-carbon energy, the development of hydropower has ushered in new development, but the ecological and environmental problems caused by this cannot be ignored. Taking the safe and efficient operation of water conservancy projects as the goal, this paper took the Maling Water Conservancy Project (MWCP) as an example to predict and evaluate the ecological environment risks of water conservancy projects. Based on the on-site geological surveys and experiments, the big well method and the long narrow horizontal tunnel method were used to estimate the water inflow from the underground caverns. The contaminant migration model was used to predict and analyze the groundwater quality. The impact of the MWCP on the surrounding environment was systematically analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the estimated water inflow from the underground powerhouse and the water conveyance pipeline was about 7403.6 m3/d during the construction period. The groundwater level in the reservoir area could recover after a short drop, which had little effect on the surrounding vegetation. The groundwater quality was affected obviously because the migration speed of contaminants was very fast under abnormal conditions. During the operation period, it had little effect on groundwater level and had certain influence on groundwater flow field in local area. The source of sewage was mainly a small amount of domestic sewage, which could be ignored after taking anti-seepage measures. After storing water in the reservoir area, there was a possibility of small-scale immersion on the right bank. Most of the reservoirs had good stability conditions but the stability of the upper fault valley was poor; however, the possibility of leakage was very small. Overall, the project had little impact on the surrounding environment. The research results could also provide some references for other hydroelectric projects within the basin.
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Thapa, Bhesh Raj, Hiroshi Ishidaira, Maksym Gusyev, Vishnu Prasad Pandey, Parmeshwar Udmale, Masaki Hayashi, and Narendra Man Shakya. "Implications of the Melamchi water supply project for the Kathmandu Valley groundwater system." Water Policy 21, S1 (June 7, 2019): 120–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.084.
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Abstract To meet the demand deficit in Kathmandu Valley, the Government of Nepal has planned to supply an additional 510 million liters per day (mld) of water by implementing the Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) in the near future. In this study, we aim to assess the spatial distribution of groundwater availability and pumping under five scenarios for before and after the implementation of the MWSP using a numerical groundwater flow model. The data on water demand, supply infrastructure, changes in hydraulic head, groundwater pumping rates, and aquifer characteristics were analyzed. Results showed that groundwater pumping from individual wells ranges from 0.0018 to 2.8 mld and the average hydraulic head declined from 2.57 m below ground level (bgl) (0.23 m/year) to 21.58 m bgl (1.96 m/year). Model simulations showed that changes in average hydraulic head ranged from +2.83 m to +5.48 m at various stages of the MWSP implementation, and −2.97 m for increased pumping rates with no implementation of the MWSP. Regulation in pumping such as monetary instruments (groundwater pricing) on the use of groundwater along with appropriate metering and monitoring of pumping amounts depending on the availability of new and existing public water supply could be interventions in the near future.
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Al-Mohammed, Fadhil M., Riyadh Jasim Mohammd Al-Saadi, Ali M. Al-Fawzy, Saad H. Mohammed-Ali, Abdul-Khider A. Mutasher, and Ali H. Hommadi. "The Analysis of Water Quality Using Canadian Water Quality Index: Green Belt Project/Kerbala-Iraq." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.160112.
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During the last five decades, a huge amount of water pollutants has been recorded in all water resources around the world. Therefore, the water quality has become an important indicator affecting the vitality and productivity of plants, which requires an effective technique to monitor all these pollutants. The main objective of this study is to assess the validity of groundwater for wells located within the boundaries of the Green Belt area in Karbala city/Iraq for irrigation of palm and olive trees. Whereas, the use of saline groundwater as an alternative to available fresh water will promote the sustainable development of water resources. The technique of Water Quality Index (WQI) is a reliable and widely used tool for assessing water quality for various sources, including groundwater. In this study, the Canadian water quality index (CWQI) model was applied to provide a database for planning and monitoring the quality of groundwater in wells located in the study area. Groundwater samples were taken from these wells and tested to find seven parameters which were; pH, CL, Mg, HCO3, EC, Na and Ca. The CWQI values of groundwater for the studied wells ranged from 30 to 35. According to the CWQI scale, the groundwater of all wells is classified as poor water. Therefore, the groundwater of all wells in the study area must be treated before it is used for the purpose of irrigation of palm and olive trees. This study concluded that to ensure good irrigation management in the study area, future changes of groundwater in the study area must be monitored.
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Ebiegberi, Oborie, and Abam Tamunoene Kingdom Simeon. "CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL AND GROUNDWATER FOR PROJECT DEVELOPMENT IN EKAKPAMRE, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 04, no. 07 (December 25, 2019): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i07.048.
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Rofail, Nabil, and S. I. Asaad. "Integration of surface and groundwater resources for the development of Hamad Basin project." Environmental Geology and Water Sciences 14, no. 3 (November 1989): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01705128.
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Kelley, Van, Michael Turco, Neil Deeds, Christina Petersen, and Chris Canonico. "Assessment of subsidence risk associated with aquifer storage and recovery in the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System, Houston, Texas, USA." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-487-2020.
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Abstract. In the Houston, Texas region, groundwater use is regulated by the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (District) because of historical regional subsidence from groundwater development. The District regulates groundwater production in the Coastal Lowlands Aquifer System (CLAS) to mitigate subsidence through the implementation of District Groundwater Regulatory Plan. The District has successfully reduced groundwater pumping as a percent of demand regionally while controlling subsidence through the implementation of alternative water supplies. Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) is an alternative water supply strategy that provides a means to store water underground and increase water supply more cost effectively than traditional storage expansion strategies. Groundwater users in the District are interested in the many potential benefits of ASR as a water supply strategy. Little is known about the potential effects on compaction and land surface subsidence resulting from ASR operations. Recognizing this, the District funded research on the potential subsidence risk associated with ASR. Two hypothetical, though representative, ASR projects were developed and analysed: (1) an industrial ASR project meant to provide water supply during a drought of record (DOR), and (2) a municipal ASR project designed to provide an annual municipal summer peaking water supply. Simulations of groundwater hydraulics and subsidence were performed at three potential locations within the CLAS to provide insight into variability associated with location and aquifer depth. Theoretical simulations confirmed the potential for subsidence associated with the application of ASR in the CLAS, although operating an ASR for summer peaking needs has less potential risk of subsidence than the DOR scenario in the scenarios simulated. The study simulations provide insight into how an ASR project may be designed and operated to minimize compaction and potential subsidence. Based on this study, ASR operated to address summer peaking showed the greatest potential to reduce additional compaction verses sourcing all water from groundwater. This theoretical study provides a basis for future research on subsidence associated with ASR and provides a framework for consideration for the regulation of ASR within the District.
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Hortle, Allison, Praveen Kumar Rachakonda, Suman George, Matt Myers, and Cameron White. "Baseline characterisation and monitoring protocols for development of shale and tight gas resources, northern Perth Basin." APPEA Journal 57, no. 1 (2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj16171.
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CSIRO, in collaboration with Latent Petroleum, AWE Limited, Origin Energy, Norwest Energy and the WA Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) have established a research program into methods of calculating baseline values of environmental indicators and monitoring techniques during development of tight gas resources in the northern Perth Basin. As part of the project, a desktop review of available groundwater monitoring data around the sponsors’ permit areas was conducted, along with measurements of ambient methane (CH4) concentrations. The groundwater study indicated a lack of monitoring wells within the permit areas, apart from those being monitored by explorers, and provides a valuable update to the regional groundwater models built by the WA Department of Water (DoW). The mobile CH4 survey measured ambient levels of CH4 across the basin, and CH4 concentrations were close to those measured at the Cape Grim atmospheric research station (Tasmania). The soil-gas flux survey measured very low or negative CH4 flux, closely associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, indicating the flux rate was controlled by microbial action. The outcomes of the project are intended to assist operators to address community assurance, adhere to or surpass regulatory requirements and establish industry best practice standards.
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Campanella, R. G., and I. Weemees. "Development and use of an electrical resistivity cone for groundwater contamination studies." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 5 (October 1, 1990): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-071.
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The evaluation of groundwater quality has become increasingly important as more industrial waste and solid domestic refuse come into contact with groundwater. One method of detecting contaminated groundwater is by noting the electrical resistivity of the contaminated soil. This method has been applied at the University of British Columbia by the development and use of a new resistivity cone. The resistivity cone consists of four circumferential surface electrodes contained in a separate module behind a 15 cm2 piezocone. The cone has a capability of providing a continuous record of resistivity with depth.Initially, a laboratory testing program was carried out using a simplified probe design to ensure the feasibility of the project. On the basis of favourable laboratory results the module was constructed, calibrated in the laboratory, and then field tested. The paper describes the design and operation of the resistivity cone, theory and laboratory calibration, and test results from three sites in the lower mainland of British Columbia. The results of the testing program provided evidence of the reliability of the instrument and illustrated its application in determining changes in groundwater quality. Factors affecting results and applications of the resistivity cone in contaminant site investigations are discussed. Key words: electrical, resistivity, cone, groundwater, contamination, plumes, mapping, in-situ testing, soil.
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Kim, Gyoo-Bum. "Large river restoration project and a development of riverside groundwater use and management technology." Journal of the geological society of Korea 52, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.14770/jgsk.2016.52.3.185.
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Fung, Adrienne, and Roger Babcock. "A Flow-Calibrated Method to Project Groundwater Infiltration into Coastal Sewers Affected by Sea Level Rise." Water 12, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12071934.
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Collection systems in coastal cities are often below the groundwater table, leading to groundwater infiltration (GWI) through defects such as cracks and poor lateral connections. Climate-change-induced sea level rise (SLR) will raise groundwater levels, increasing the head and thus the inflow. A method has been developed to predict GWI when groundwater levels change using calibration with sewershed flow monitoring data. The calibration results in a parameter that characterizes the porosity of the collection system. A case study is presented for a coastal city with reliable flow monitoring data for eight days that resulted in a large range of effective defect sizes (minimum 0.0044 to maximum 0.338 radians), however, the range of predicted future GWI in currently submerged pipes varied by only 12% from the mean. The mean effective defect predicts 70 to 200% increases in GWI due to SLR of 0.3 to 0.9 m (1 to 3 ft), respectively, for currently submerged pipes. Predicted additional GWI for pipes that will become submerged due to SLR will increase GWI to values that approach or exceed the current average dry weather flow. This methodology can be used for planning of infrastructure improvements to enhance resiliency in coastal communities.
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Shao, Ai Jun, Zhi Guang Li, and Ying Yuan. "Environmental Effect of Large-Scale Hydropower Project - A Case Study in Three-Gorge Project of China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 1020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.1020.
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The topography is low and flat in the estuarine region of the Yangtze River, where waterlog and salt-affected soil is all through a latent threat to the agricultural development for long time. After the Three-Gorge Project is built up, the Three-Gorge Reservoir adjusts seasonably runoff will impact on the dynamic of soil water and salt in the region. These influence relations are very complicated. In spring, it will make the river water level up that discharge increases, so it will be not in favor of desalting. At the same time, mineralization degree of groundwater will decrease, in favor of desalting. In autumn-winter, it will make the river water level down that the discharge decreases, in favor of desalting. But, the mineralization degree of groundwater will increase, simultaneously salty tide invasion will strengthen, so not in favor of desalting. The elementary predicted result of numerical simulation shows that salification will be bigger in autumn than desalinization in spring. The impact degree of the project on the regime of soil salt will be gradually weakened along the river up from the estuary, the nearer to the sea, the bigger the impact, and from cross profiles, the nearer to the river, the bigger the impact. Especially within the range of 4 kilometers off the river, it is more possible that soil will produce salification or secondary salinization.
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Zhang, Chun Yan, Long Cang Shu, Bo Liu, Emmanuel Kwame Appiah-Adjei, Su Li, Ran Tang, Chun Long Cheng, and Yumei Wang. "Study on Artificial Regulation of Water Resources in West of Daqing City." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2510.
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Since the development and construction of Daqing City, groundwater resource has been their main water supply source. However, over-exploitation of the groundwater is causing a series of environmental and geological problems. Thus it is essential to ensure sustainable development of groundwater and control the worsening of groundwater related environmental problems in the City. Practical scenarios of groundwater recovery based on several different water resources artificial regulation scenarios are designed to reduce exploitation after the completion of water diversion from Nen River Expansion Project. These scenarios include three different exploitation reducing scenarios and scenarios of artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation. The simulation results of Visual Modflow indicate that both reducing exploitation and artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation can accelerate the recovery of groundwater table in the confined aquifer. Considering the speed of the recovery of groundwater and the impact of reducing exploitation on domestic, industrial and agricultural utilization of water resources, artificial recharge based on reducing exploitation Scenario B is better. Under this condition, the groundwater table of the confined aquifer in the center of depression cone will be recovered by 5 to 8 m up to the end of 2020.
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Li, Jia, Yuan-yuan Gao, Liu-qing Yan, Jian-wen Yao, and Gui-fang Chen. "The practice of water operation and groundwater protection in the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601052.
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The South-to-North Water Transfer Project plays an important role in guaranteeing the sustainable development of economy and society in North China. The first phase of the middle route of the South-to- North Water Transfer Project (m-SNWTP) has been running safely in the past three years, and the dispatched water amount is increasing. This paper mainly describes the water operation of the m-SNWTP and the groundwater protection in the water-receiving areas. Up to the end of June 2018, more than 1.4×1010m3water had been supplied to the m-SNWTP benefited regions, including 8.65×108m3environmental water. In addition, the m-SNWTP provides water source guarantee for the environment restoration. Over 1.326 ×109m3overexploited groundwater has been reduced in the urban areas of the water-receiving areas, and the continuous decline of groundwater level has been effectively curbed.
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Deng, Xiyuan, Fawen Li, Yong Zhao, and Shaofei Li. "Regulation of deep groundwater based on MODFLOW in the water intake area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Tianjin, China." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 4 (April 5, 2018): 989–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.126.
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Abstract With the development of economy and society, deep groundwater exploitation has intensified, even to the point of over-exploitation, resulting in multiple geological disasters. Thus, it is essential to regulate the deep groundwater table to a reasonable range. This paper selected the water intake area of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in Tianjin as a case study. First, the groundwater flow and land subsidence model with MODFLOW-2005 and SUB Package were constructed. Second, the regulation schemes were designed based on the corresponding regulation principles. Lastly, the established groundwater model was adopted to forecast and simulate deep water table and land subsidence under different exploitation scenarios, and regulation effects were analyzed from the viewpoints of exploitation total amount, exploitation distribution, and exploited horizon. The results showed that groundwater tables of different layers and land subsidence were effectively controlled and improved under the three exploitation schemes for different planning level years. The exploitation total amount of groundwater, exploitation distribution, and exploited horizon had a direct impact on water table and land subsidence. From the perspective of regulating deep groundwater, all three schemes could achieve this goal, hence the three schemes were reasonable and feasible. The results are of great significance for rational utilization of deep groundwater.
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Zamari, M. A., T. A. Musa, E. T. Mohamad, I. A. Musliman, and W. A. W. Aris. "GEOSPATIAL APPROACH FOR GROUNDWATER EXPLORATION AT UTM JOHOR BAHRU CAMPUS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-711-2019.
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Abstract. A major concern in groundwater exploration is to determine a precise location of the groundwater resources. The geospatial technology such as UAV mapping, precise GPS surveying and GIS data management could be integrated with other geospatial information to augment the groundwater exploration. The aim of this research project is to support groundwater exploration at UTM, Johor Bahru campus by employing the geospatial approach. In doing so, the aerial photo captured by using UAV and GPS will be utilised to support geology and geophysics data collection. Subsequently, subsurface information such as lithology, stratigraphy and geological structures have been used to form the subsurface profile. Afterward, development of the groundwater geospatial database had commenced by using a GIS approach. It is expected that by integration of geospatial technology in groundwater exploration works will help to identify the location of potential groundwater zone in the study area.
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Hu, Rui, Quan Liu, and Yixuan Xing. "Case Study of Heat Transfer during Artificial Ground Freezing with Groundwater Flow." Water 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101322.
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For the artificial ground freezing (AGF) projects in highly permeable formations, the effect of groundwater flow cannot be neglected. Based on the heat transfer and seepage theory in porous media with the finite element method, a fully coupled numerical model was established to simulate the changes of temperature field and groundwater flow field. Firstly, based on the classic analytical solution for the frozen temperature field, the model’s ability to solve phase change problems has been validated. In order to analyze the influences of different parameters on the closure time of the freezing wall, we performed the sensitivity analysis for three parameters of this numerical model. The analysis showed that, besides the head difference, the thermal conductivity of soil grain and pipe spacing are also the key factors that control the closure time of the frozen wall. Finally, a strengthening project of a metro tunnel with AGF method in South China was chosen as a field example. With the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics® (Stockholm, Sweden), a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model was set up to simulate the change of frozen temperature field and groundwater flow field in the project area as well as the freezing process within 50 days. The simulation results show that the freezing wall appears in an asymmetrical shape with horizontal groundwater flow normal to the axial of the tunnel. Along the groundwater flow direction, freezing wall forms slowly and on the upstream side the thickness of the frozen wall is thinner than that on the downstream side. The actual pipe spacing has an important influence on the temperature field and closure time of the frozen wall. The larger the actual pipe spacing is, the slower the closing process will be. Besides this, the calculation for the average temperature of freezing body (not yet in the form of a wall) shows that the average temperature change of the freezing body coincides with that of the main frozen pipes with the same trend.
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Teimoori, Sadaf, Brendan F. O’Leary, and Carol J. Miller. "Modeling Shallow Urban Groundwater at Regional and Local Scales: A Case Study in Detroit, MI." Water 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111515.
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Groundwater plays a significant role in the vitality of the Great Lakes Basin, supplying water for various sections. Due to the interconnection of groundwater and surface water features in this region, the groundwater quality can be affected, leading to potential economic, political, health, and social issues for the region. Groundwater resources have received less emphasis, perhaps due to an “out of sight, out of mind” mentality. The incomplete characterization of groundwater, especially shallow, near-surface waters in urban centers, is an added source of environmental vulnerability for the Great Lakes Basin. This paper provides an improved understanding of urban groundwater to reduce this vulnerability. Towards that end, two approaches for improved characterization of groundwater in southeast Michigan are employed in this project. In the first approach, we construct a regional groundwater model that encompasses four major watersheds to define the large-scale groundwater features. In the second approach, we adopt a local scale and develop a local urban water budget with subsequent groundwater simulation. The results show the groundwater movement in the two different scales, implying the effect of urban settings on the subsurface resources. Both the regional and local scale models can be used to evaluate and mitigate environmental risks in urban centers.
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Liu, Xin, Litang Hu, Kangning Sun, Zhengqiu Yang, Jianchong Sun, and Wenjie Yin. "Improved Understanding of Groundwater Storage Changes under the Influence of River Basin Governance in Northwestern China Using GRACE Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142672.
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Groundwater is crucial for economic development in arid and semiarid areas. The Shiyang River Basin (SRB) has the most prominent water use issues in northwestern China, and overexploited groundwater resources have led to continuous groundwater-level decline. The key governance planning project of the SRB was issued in 2007. This paper synthetically combines remote-sensing data from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and precipitation, actual evapotranspiration, land use, and in situ groundwater-level data to evaluate groundwater storage variations on a regional scale. Terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) and groundwater storage anomalies (GWSA), in addition to their influencing factors in the SRB since the implementation of the key governance project, are analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of governance. The results show that GRACE-derived GWS variations are consistent with in situ observation data in the basin, with a correlation coefficient of 0.68. The GWS in the SRB had a slow downward trend from 2003 to 2016, and this increased by 0.38 billion m³/year after 2018. As the meteorological data did not change significantly, the changes in water storage are mainly caused by human activities, which are estimated by using the principle of water balance. The decline in GWS in the middle and lower reaches of the SRB has been curbed since 2009 and has gradually rebounded since 2014. GWS decreased by 2.2 mm EWH (equivalent water height) from 2011 to 2016, which was 91% lower than that from 2007 to 2010. The cropland area in the middle and lower reaches of the SRB also stopped increasing after 2011 and gradually decreased after 2014, while the area of natural vegetation gradually increased, indicating that the groundwater level and associated ecology significantly recovered after the implementation of the project.
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Chalfen, Mieczysław, Wojciech Łyczko, and Leszek Pływaczyk. "The Prognosis of Influence of The Oder River Waters Dammed by Malczyce Barrage on Left Bank Areas." Journal of Water and Land Development 21, no. 1 (July 29, 2014): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2014-0010.
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Abstract The finalisation of the construction of the Malczyce barrage is planned for 2015. Damming of the river will cause a change in the water and ground conditions in the adjoining areas. The paper analyses the influence of the water level in the Oder River dammed by the barrage on groundwater table level in the left bank valley. A model which allows the prediction of groundwater levels depending on the assumed water level in the Oder was constructed. The analysis was conducted for three different variants: for the initial stage before damming the Oder River and for the conditions after damming the water up with and without the drainage devices included in the project. The calculations were done in several chosen transects across the river valley. The mathematical model of flow in the aquifer based on the Richards equation was applied. The results of calculations were presented as the spatial distribution of piezometric pressures which were used to determine the groundwater table for each of the transects. The calculation results from the vertical models were transposed into a horizontal model. The comparison of appropriate results allowed to positively verify the designed model and to analyse the effectiveness of the realised project solutions.
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Potrykus, Dawid, Anna Gumuła-Kawęcka, Beata Jaworska-Szulc, Małgorzata Pruszkowska-Caceres, and Adam Szymkiewicz. "Assessing groundwater vulnerability to pollution in the Puck region (denudation moraine upland) using vertical seepage method." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400147.
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Degradation of groundwater quality can cause a serious water supply and environmental problems. The identify of potential groundwater pollution can be determined by assessment of groundwater vulnerability method. The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution was based on estimation of migration time of potential conservative contamination through the vadose zone. Area of investigation is a type of denudation moraine upland, which is situated at the eastern part of the Puck Isolated Morainic Plateau (north of Poland). Time of vertical seepage was estimated with four widely use in Poland equations and numerical modelling with HYDRUS 1D numerical code. The results were compared with major groundwater basin (MGWB) vulnerability classification. The calculations indicate variable results of migration times for conservative contamination, depending on the chosen equation. The conducted research is a part of a project which main aim is a development of groundwater contaminant transport model and detailed identification of a potential agriculture pollutant sources in the selected watersheds of the Puck Bay.
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Lee, Jaehyung, and Heesun Jang. "Groundwater Extraction in the South Korea’s Jeju Island: A Real Options Game Approach under Price Uncertainty." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063431.
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This paper uses a standard non-cooperative sequential game with two homogeneous players to analyze investment options of groundwater development project in South Korea’s Jeju island. The model is constructed as an option game taking the uncertainty of water price and the irreversibility of investment into account. The results show that the threshold water price of follower increases with the investment scale of both the leader and the follower while the threshold water price for the leader decreases as the investment scale of the leader increases. This makes the leader choose strategies to maximize the amount of groundwater extraction regardless of the follower’s strategy. Based on the results, it is recommended for policymakers to manage sustainable use of groundwater based on the policy measures such as the groundwater extraction quota system.
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Maxwell, Reed M., and Norman L. Miller. "Development of a Coupled Land Surface and Groundwater Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 6, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm422.1.
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Abstract Traditional land surface models (LSMs) used for numerical weather simulation, climate projection, and as inputs to water management decision support systems, do not treat the LSM lower boundary in a fully process-based fashion. LSMs have evolved from a leaky-bucket approximation to more sophisticated land surface water and energy budget models that typically have a specified bottom layer flux to depict the lowest model layer exchange with deeper aquifers. The LSM lower boundary is often assumed zero flux or the soil moisture content is set to a constant value; an approach that while mass conservative, ignores processes that can alter surface fluxes, runoff, and water quantity and quality. Conversely, groundwater models (GWMs) for saturated and unsaturated water flow, while addressing important features such as subsurface heterogeneity and three-dimensional flow, often have overly simplified upper boundary conditions that ignore soil heating, runoff, snow, and root-zone uptake. In the present study, a state-of-the-art LSM (Common Land Model) and a variably saturated GWM (ParFlow) have been coupled as a single-column model. A set of simulations based on synthetic data and data from the Project for Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS), version 2(d), 18-yr dataset from Valdai, Russia, demonstrate the temporal dynamics of this coupled modeling system. The soil moisture and water table depth simulated by the coupled model agree well with the Valdai observations. Differences in prediction between the coupled and uncoupled models demonstrate the effect of a dynamic water table on simulated watershed flow. Comparison of the coupled model predictions with observations indicates certain cold processes such as frozen soil and freeze/thaw processes have an important impact on predicted water table depth. Comparisons of soil moisture, latent heat, sensible heat, temperature, runoff, and predicted groundwater depth between the uncoupled and coupled models demonstrate the need for improved groundwater representation in land surface schemes.
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Zhang, Jing, Dong Du, Dongli Ji, Yaonan Bai, and Wanjun Jiang. "Multivariate Analysis of Soil Salinity in a Semi-Humid Irrigated District of China: Concern about a Recent Water Project." Water 12, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082104.
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The Chaobai River (CBR) basin in northern China is experiencing an unprecedented continuous inflow of external water via the South–North Water Diversion Project, which has channeled water from the southern part of the country to the north. Consequently, the steady rise of groundwater table in recent years is threatening soil salinity regulation. The purpose of this study was to describe the status of salinity of the surface soil in the CBR basin and to evaluate the impact of environmental factors including groundwater table on the spatial distribution of soil salinity using multivariate analysis (MVA) technique. In this study, 10 chemical variables of soil samples collected in 204 sites along CBR were analyzed, considering their interaction with three environmental factors: the density of irrigation canals, groundwater depth and topography. Statistical analysis mainly consisted of principal component analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA) and clustering analysis (CA). The results allow defining the surface soil in the CBR basin as a slightly saline and moderately alkaline media. The first two axes of multivariate model approximately explains 51% of the observed variability and allows distinguishing two main domains: the saline and the alkaline. The variability of the saline domain, defined by major cations and anions, is obviously controlled by macro environmental factors, of which the density of irrigation canals and groundwater depth contributes 71% and 28%, respectively, while that of the alkaline domain, related to pH and bicarbonate, mainly manifests as singular behaviors of soil groups like rice cultivation or sewage irrigation. The results suggests that more attention should be paid to the ongoing water table rise to help inform future land management decisions and to prevent a double threat of both groundwater and surface water on soil salinization. Meanwhile, this study shows the enormous potential of MVA technique, specifically the complementary duo of RDA and CA, for integrating both global and local information of soil salinity and environmental factors.
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Moghazy, Noha H., and Jagath J. Kaluarachchi. "Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Development in a Closed Groundwater-Driven Basin: A Case Study of the Siwa Region, Western Desert of Egypt." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031578.
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The Siwa region located in the Western Desert of Egypt has 30,000 acres available for reclamation as a part of a national project to increase agricultural production. This study addressed the climate change-driven long-term concerns of developing an agricultural project in this region where groundwater from the non-renewable Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is the only source of water. Different climate models were used under two representative concentration pathways (RCPs); RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Projected seasonal temperatures show that the maximum increase in summer is 1.68 ± 1.64 °C in 2060 and 4.65 ± 1.82 °C in 2100 under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. The increase in water requirement for crops is estimated around 6–8.1% under RCP 4.5 while around 9.7–18.2% under RCP 8.5. Maximum reductions of strategic crop yields vary from 2.9% to 12.8% in 2060 under RCP 4.5, while from 10.4% to 27.4% in 2100 under RCP 8.5. Project goals are feasible until 2100 under RCP 4.5 but only until 2080 with RCP 8.5. When an optimization analysis was conducted, these goals are possible from 2080 to 2100 by modified land allocation. The proposed methodology is useful to project impact of climate change anywhere such that management and adaptation options can be proposed for sustainable agricultural development.
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Gonzalez, Dennis, Sreekanth Janardhanan, Daniel E. Pagendam, and Daniel W. Gladish. "Probabilistic Groundwater Flow, Particle Tracking and Uncertainty Analysis for Environmental Receptor Vulnerability Assessment of a Coal Seam Gas Project." Water 12, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 3177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113177.
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The production of coalbed methane, or coal seam gas (CSG) in Australia increased 250-fold since the 1990s to around 1502 petajoules in 2019 and continues to expand. Groundwater flow in the aquifers intersected by gas wells could potentially facilitate a transport pathway for migration of contaminants or poorer quality water from deeper formations. While regulatory and mitigation mechanisms are put in place to minimize the risks, quantitative environmental impact assessments are also undertaken. When many gas wells are drilled in a wide area where many potential receptors are also spatially distributed, potential source-receptor combinations are too numerous to undertake detailed contamination risk assessment using contaminant transport modelling. However, valuable information can be gleaned from the analysis of groundwater flow directions and velocities to inform and prioritise contamination risk assessment and can precede computationally challenging stochastic contaminant transport modelling. A probabilistic particle tracking approach was developed as a computationally efficient screening analysis of contamination pathways for a planned CSG development near Narrabri in northern New South Wales, Australia. Particle tracking was run iteratively with a numerical groundwater flow model across a range of plausible parameter sets to generate an ensemble of estimated flow paths through the main Great Artesian Basin aquifer in the area. Spatial patterns of path lines and spatial relationships with potential receptors including neighbouring groundwater extraction wells and hydrologically connected ecological systems were analysed. Particle velocities ranged from 0.5 to 11 m/year and trajectories indicated dedicated contaminant transport modeling would be ideally focused at the local scale where wells are near potential receptors. The results of this type of analysis can inform the design of monitoring strategies and direct new data collection to reduce uncertainty and improve the effectiveness of adaptive management strategies and early detection of impacts.
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Jumadi, Jumadi, and Yuli Priyana. "Development and Evaluation of Web GIS Application for Groundwater Management of Karanganyar Regency." Forum Geografi 29, no. 2 (February 10, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v29i2.1482.
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This research aims to develop and evaluate a geospatial application for groundwater resource management at Karanganyar Regency. The system development methodology from Whitten and Bentley (2007) was used in this research. To initiate the project, we discussed with the stakeholders from Karanganyar Regency which came from various related agencies followed by a focus group discussion (FGD) to analyse the system. Computational design and experiment were conducted to design the system prototype. Finally, we implement the system in the Regency. The result shows that the system is complex not only due to the managerial procedures but also the number of involved users (stakeholder) in the system. To address the emerged requirements from the FGD, we propose and develop a web-based GIS application with current open source technology and Google Map API which can be used for collaboration among stakeholders as well as for supporting the decision support purpose in the groundwater management. Currently, Air-tanah, the prototype of the application is available at http://geografi.ums.ac.id/air-tanah/. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the system resulted good responses from the users.
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Boko, Boubacar Abdou, Moussa Konaté, Nicaise Yalo, Steven J. Berg, Andre R. Erler, Pibgnina Bazié, Hyoun-Tae Hwang, et al. "High-Resolution, Integrated Hydrological Modeling of Climate Change Impacts on a Semi-Arid Urban Watershed in Niamey, Niger." Water 12, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020364.
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This study evaluates the impact of climate change on water resources in a large, semi-arid urban watershed located in the Niamey Republic of Niger, West Africa. The watershed was modeled using the fully integrated surface–subsurface HydroGeoSphere model at a high spatial resolution. Historical (1980–2005) and projected (2020–2050) climate scenarios, derived from the outputs of three regional climate models (RCMs) under the regional climate projection (RCP) 4.5 scenario, were statistically downscaled using the multiscale quantile mapping bias correction method. Results show that the bias correction method is optimum at daily and monthly scales, and increased RCM resolution does not improve the performance of the model. The three RCMs predicted increases of up to 1.6% in annual rainfall and of 1.58 °C for mean annual temperatures between the historical and projected periods. The durations of the minimum environmental flow (MEF) conditions, required to supply drinking and agricultural water, were found to be sensitive to changes in runoff resulting from climate change. MEF occurrences and durations are likely to be greater from 2020–2030, and then they will be reduced for the 2030–2050 statistical periods. All three RCMs consistently project a rise in groundwater table of more than 10 m in topographically high zones, where the groundwater table is deep, and an increase of 2 m in the shallow groundwater table.
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Jiang, Mengyao, Shuntao Xie, and Shuixian Wang. "Water Use Conflict and Coordination between Agricultural and Wetlands—A Case Study of Yanqi Basin." Water 12, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113225.
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Increased groundwater extraction leads to the decrease of the extent of wetlands due to the implementation of a water-saving transformation project in an arid irrigation area. The application of integrated mitigation tools and strategies in China have increasing significance. In this study, an integrated approach (SWAT-MODFLOW) was followed; it is based on a soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) coupled with a modular three-dimensional finite difference groundwater model (MODFLOW). Recharge and evaporation values were estimated by SWAT and were then used to simulate groundwater in a MODFLOW model. Calibration (over the years 2000–2010) and validation (over the years 2010–2016) were performed, based on observed groundwater-level data; results showed that the combined SWAT-MODFLOW provides more accurate simulation and prediction of the dynamic changes of surface water and groundwater in irrigation areas than results from individual MODFLOW models. This method was applied to the Yanqi Basin, which is one of the most appropriate arid agricultural basins for modeling lake wetland and groundwater in China. The correlation coefficients (R2) between the simulated and real groundwater level are 0.96 and 0.91 in SWAT-MODFLOW and MODFLOW, respectively. With the gradual increase in the extraction to 248%, 0.62 × 108 m3 of groundwater discharged into the lake became −2.25 × 108 m3. The lake level drops 1.3 m compared with the current year, when the groundwater exploitation increases by 10 × 108 m3/year. Overall, the results of the coupling model offer scientific evidence for agricultural water management and lake recovery, so as to enhance the water use coordination.
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Varouchakis, Emmanouil A., Kaan Yetilmezsoy, and George P. Karatzas. "A decision-making framework for sustainable management of groundwater resources under uncertainty: combination of Bayesian risk approach and statistical tools." Water Policy 21, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 602–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.128.
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Abstract Decision-making is a significant tool in water resources management applications. This work addresses the global management decision dilemma for the sustainability of the groundwater resources of a watershed: should stakeholders use groundwater for irrigation and human consumption or should they construct infrastructure, for example water reservoirs, for irrigation purposes? The former constitutes an easy but non-sustainable solution, while the latter protects the groundwater body from overpumping, avoids the associated overpumping penalties, and utilizes both surface and groundwater watershed resources. The main question arising in the second case relates to the amount of surface water that can be used taking into consideration water scarcity and potentially dry hydrological years. Therefore, this proposed decision-making framework will provide the best management solution for the water needs of an area based on the balanced use of surface and groundwater resources, considering the ecosystem sustainability and the surface and groundwater sustainability. In addition, this work can help decision-makers to examine and compare various scenarios using different approaches before making a decision regarding the cost and the capacity of a hydrologic/hydraulic project, and the varied economic charges that water table limit violations can cause inside an audit interval.
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Crites, Ron, Robert Beggs, and Harold Leverenz. "Perspective on Land Treatment and Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture in the Western United States." Water 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131822.
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The practice of irrigation with municipal wastewater has evolved from avoidance of surface water pollution to beneficial reuse of water and nutrients for crop production. The ability of the soil to filter out pollutants and pathogens has been documented, such that groundwater quality is not degraded where recycled water to irrigate crops used for human consumption. The example of successful practice of the Castroville project in Monterey County, California illustrates safe reuse of recycled water for crop growth, marketing of crops grown into the fresh produce market, and groundwater protection. Impediments to the future more widespread reuse of recycled water for agricultural irrigation are also discussed. Many of the same technological advancements that have supported the development of modern agricultural water reuse projects have also improved the feasibility of various competing urban water reuse applications. The effects from increasing water scarcity has also had an impact on the quality and quantity of water available for agricultural water reuse projects. The historical practice of developing centralized and regional wastewater treatment facilities near a suitable surface water discharge location may need to be modified for better consideration of agricultural irrigation in integrated water resources planning.
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Reynolds, J. M. "The role of surface geophysics in the assessment of regional groundwater potential in Northern Nigeria." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 4, no. 1 (1987): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1987.004.01.22.
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AbstractAn analysis has been made of the usefulness of surface geophysical site investigations as part of a rural water supply programme carried out in southern Kano State, northern Nigeria. Field work was undertaken under the auspices of the Kano State Agricultural Rural Development Project in conjunction with Groundwater Development Consultants (International) Ltd, Cambridge. The database for this study consists of the results of surface geophysical site investigations at over 200 rural villages and comprised electrical resistivity and/or electromagnetic ground conductivity methods together with hydrogeological data from boreholes drilled as tubewells. The groundwater potential of southern Kano State was determined as a result of field studies of hand-dug wells, water table levels, geological and geomorphological mapping, the use of aerial photographs and, in particular, surface geophysics. Areas with poor groundwater potential were successfully highlighted. A drilling programme was planned on the basis of these field studies which allowed the drilling rigs to be used to maximum effectiveness providing successful tubewells whilst the more problematical sites were investigated further. Wildcat wells sited without the aid of geophysics and drilled in the Basement Complex of the Younger Granite terrain in Kano State resulted in unacceptably high failure rates (c. 70%). Once geophysical methods were introduced, the failure rate fell to less than 32% and, following further development of geophysical field and interpretation techniques, the final failure rate was around 17%. For a project whose target was 1000 successful tubewells, each costing of the order of £15,000, the saving to the client as a result of reduced number of failures was of the order of £5 million. The use of resistivity surveys, especially in conjunction with electromagnetic induction methods, has proved invaluable in the evaluation of groundwater potential and the planning of extensive drilling programme in southern Kano State.
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Ataie-Ashtiani, Behzad, and Craig T. Simmons. "The millennium-old hydrogeology textbook <i>The Extraction of Hidden Waters</i> by the Persian mathematician and engineer Abubakr Mohammad Karaji (953 CE–1029 CE)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 2 (February 19, 2020): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-761-2020.
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Abstract. We revisit and shed light on the millennium-old hydrogeology textbook The Extraction of Hidden Waters by the Persian mathematician and engineer Karaji. Despite the nature of the understanding and conceptualization of the world by the people of that time, ground-breaking ideas and descriptions of hydrological and hydrogeological perceptions such as components of hydrological cycle, groundwater quality and even driving factors for groundwater flow were presented in the book. Although some of these ideas may have been presented elsewhere, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a whole book was focused on different aspects of hydrology and hydrogeology. More importantly, we are impressed that the book is composed in a way that covered all aspects that are related to an engineering project, including technical and construction issues, guidelines for maintenance, and final delivery of the project when the development and construction were over. We speculate that Karaji's book is the first of its kind to provide a construction and maintenance manual for an engineering project.
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Luibchyk, O. "THE PROBLEM OF DETERMINATION OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT OF DRINKING SUBSURFACE WATER." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 3 (82) (2018): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.82.12.
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The article analyzes the impact of changes to the Tax Code of Ukraine and the NBU discount rate on extraction, and profitability of enterprises for the use of groundwater for the period 2015-2017. Examples of inaccuracies in the formulation of domestic legislation on rent for the use of groundwater are given. The European experience of similar legislative norms is presented. The author summarized the table of changes in the rate for special use during 2015-2017, a trend was observed on the basis of which a trend line was constructed with the forecast of this rate for 25 years. The trend line equation will help calculate the rate for any period that will better predict the risks of the project when calculating the feasibility study for groundwater extraction. It is revealed that in the national practice of the feasibility study for underground mining, the calculation of net discounted profit (NPV) is based on the method of the weighted average cost of capital of the enterprise. The discount rate (E) is taken in accordance with the discount rate of the NBU. An analysis of changes in the discount rate for the period 2015-2017 was conducted, histogram was constructed for clarity. The histogram analysis showed that the NBU discount rate often changes and, besides, its change is difficult to predict – this situation restricts the use of the method of weighted average cost of capital for the calculation of net discounted profit in the feasibility study of groundwater extraction.
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Wei, Zhengde, and Yanpeng Zhu. "A Theoretical Calculation Method of Ground Settlement Based on a Groundwater Seepage and Drainage Model in Tunnel Engineering." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052733.
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Seepage is ubiquitous during tunneling in areas with high groundwater tables. The ground settlement trough on a single tunnel is well described by Peck’s formula, but it cannot reflect the settlement caused by seepage. In this paper, assuming that the groundwater inside and outside the tunnel is a one-dimensional steady-state seepage condition, the groundwater seepage and drainage model of the tunnel was established. Based on the model and the principle of groundwater dynamics, the seepage flow calculation formula was derived, and the dewatering funnel curve equation of the groundwater level surface of a tunnel aquifer was obtained. A case study of a tunnel project in Gansu Province was carried out, and the influence of seepage on the effective stress of the stratum around the tunnel and the calculation of ground settlement caused by seepage were analyzed. The results show that seepage makes the effective stress of the upper soil layer of the tunnel increase, which leads to an increase in ground deformation; when the groundwater level of the tunnel is greatly lowered, the seepage has a significant influence on the vertical deformation of the stratum.
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Tsangaratos, P., T. Pizpikis, E. Vasileiou, F. Pliakas, C. Schuth, and A. Kallioras. "Development of multi-criteria decision support system (DSS) coupled with GIS for identifying optimal locations for soil aquifer treatment (SAT) facilities." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, no. 2 (January 24, 2017): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11115.
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Managed Aquifer Recharge is a wide-spread well-established groundwater engineering method which is largely seen as an alternative potential major source for water and this conclusion becomes even more pronounced in semi-arid and/or arid areas, such as the Mediterranean Basin. The process of site selection for the installation of a MAR facility is of paramount importance for the feasibility and effectiveness of the project itself, especially when the facility will include the use of waters of impaired quality as a recharge source. The main objective of this study is to present the developed framework of a multicriteria Decision Support System (DSS) that integrates within a dynamic platform: the main groundwater engineering parameters associated with MAR applications together with the general geographical features which determine the effectiveness of such a project. The proposed system will provide an advanced coupled DSS-GIS tool capable of handling local MAR-related issues -such as hydrogeology, topography, soil, climate etc., and spatially distributed variables -such as societal, economic, administrative, legislative etc., with special reference to Soil-Aquifer- Treatment technologies. The new SAT-selection tool in question is integrated in ArcGIS software -within a user friendly environment- where data can be processed and displayed using Arc tools for spatial analysis.
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Williamson, Max. "General financial environment 2014." APPEA Journal 54, no. 1 (2014): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj13045.
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Research available from oil and gas industry commodity traders and bankers suggests relatively stable pricing of key commodities for the next two to three years. Barring another oil shock, or similar major international event, that will mean a positive atmosphere for longer term decision making by project developers and regulators. With a new, stable Federal Government and similar persuasion State Governments focused on repealing the carbon tax and developing key infrastructure around Australia including ports, it is not unreasonable to expect a period of real growth and project development, including a resurgence of interest in oil and gas exploration. Doubtless continuing pressure from political lobby groups and parties to try and claim some ground in areas like groundwater re-treatment and usage, and the repeal of the Mineral Resource Rent Tax and the carbon tax legislation packages, will be apparent. How the government may achieve these legislation changes will have significant impact on project feasibility and how projects are designed, operated and managed. Some of the fascinating developments in researching aspects of how the Australian industry will achieve its technical objectives and how they are supported by the research and development tax incentives are worth more than a cursory financial review. With a historically cheap cost of capital there will be increased focus on borrowing methodologies and supporting techniques, with equity only being freely available to the majors. The funding of exploration programs and the determination of what is research and development in those programs will be critical for smaller companies.
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Moghazy, Noha H., and Jagath J. Kaluarachchi. "Sustainable Agriculture Development in the Western Desert of Egypt: A Case Study on Crop Production, Profit, and Uncertainty in the Siwa Region." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 13, 2020): 6568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166568.
Full textAbstract:
The Egyptian government initiated a development project in 2015 to reclaim 1.5 million acres with the primary goal of increasing agricultural production. Siwa is one of these areas in the Western Desert of Egypt, with 30,000 acres using groundwater from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS). This study investigates if government goals are achievable in the next 20 years to secure the food and water needs of the Siwa region. Results show that total required crop areas are 7154 and 6629 acres in winter and summer, respectively. These areas are less than 17,010 acres of available area for cultivation (Av). The estimated total water use is 40.6 million cubic meters (MCM), which is less than the 88 MCM that is considered available groundwater in the Nubian Aquifer System (NAS). Due to available capacity in Siwa, an optimization model is used to maximize crop production considering government policies. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was applied to predict production costs and sell prices of cultivated crops. Analysis included different scenarios beyond government-recommended approaches to identify ways to further expand agriculture production under sustainable conditions. Results provide valuable insights to the ability to achieve government goals from the project and changes that may be required to enhance production.
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Ilie, Codrina Maria, and Radu Constantin Gogu. "Current trends in the management of groundwater specific geospatial information." E3S Web of Conferences 85 (2019): 07020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20198507020.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to present the state-of-art of groundwater geospatial information management, highlighting the relevant data model characteristics and technical implementation of the European Directive 2007/2/EC, also known as the INSPIRE Directive. The maturity of the groundwater geodata management systems is of crucial importance for any kind of activity, be it a research project or an operational service of monitoring, protection or exploitation activities. An ineffective and inadequate geodata management system can significantly increase costs or even overthrow the entire activity ([1-3]). Furthermore, following the technological advancement and the extended scientific and operational interdisciplinary connectivity at national and international scale, the interoperability characteristics are becoming increasingly important in the development of groundwater geospatial information management. From paper recordings to digital spreadsheets, from relational database to standardized data models, the manner in which the groundwater data was gathered, stored, processed and visualized has changed significantly over time. Aside from the clear technical progress, the design that captures the natural connections and dependencies between each groundwater feature and phenomena have also evolved. The second part of our paper address the variations that occurred when outlining the different groundwater geospatial information management models, differences that depict the complexity of hydrogeological data.
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Panagopoulos, Yiannis, and Elias Dimitriou. "A Large-Scale Nature-Based Solution in Agriculture for Sustainable Water Management: The Lake Karla Case." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 6761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176761.
Full textAbstract:
This study demonstrates a new nature-based solution (NBS) project in agriculture, the ‘Karla’ reservoir in Central Greece, a unique example at European scale, of a lake ecosystem which was dried and is now restored with the purpose to maximize the efficiency of water provision in agriculture and biodiversity enhancement. In this article, we present: (a) The historical developments from the existence of the old natural Lake Karla until the reconstruction of the homonymous artificial reservoir, (b) the environmental and economic benefits that the new project delivers, and (c) the governance and management mechanisms that can ensure the efficient operation of the project. The analysis shows that the reconstructed Lake Karla can serve as a multi-purpose project to combat water scarcity, achieving a twofold crop yield production and respective agricultural income in the surrounding area, securing the coverage of the water supply needs of the closest city, improving the status of groundwater resources, developing a natural shelter for biodiversity and emerging recreation and touristic opportunities. At the same time, its construction and operation costs can be recovered, and the proposed governance plan can ensure the viability of the whole project inspiring similar multi-purpose water retention projects for investment in agriculture and the environment in southern Europe but also in other water scarce regions.
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Fu, Hao, and Xiaoliu Yang. "Effects of the South-North Water Diversion Project on the Water Dispatching Pattern and Ecological Environment in the Water Receiving Area: A Case Study of the Fuyang River Basin in Handan, China." Water 11, no. 4 (April 22, 2019): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040845.
Full textAbstract:
Inter-basin water transfer projects are widely used in water-stressed areas. North China is facing severe imbalance between water demand and water supply. The South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) Project was built to transfer water from the Yangtze River Basin to the Hai River Basin. The Fuyang River Basin in the southern part of the Hai River Basin, passing through the Handan city, was chosen as the study area. To identify the effects of the SNWD Project on the water-receiving area, this paper used the decision support system AQUATOOL to simulate the water-dispatching scheme while using the water from the SNWD Project for domestic need in different level years. The results indicate that the SNWD Project provided 128.32 × 106 m3 of water in a wet year, 109.88 × 106 m3 in a normal year and 135.14 × 106 m3 in a dry year to this area. The added quantity of recycled water is 56.75 × 106 m3, 50.59 × 106 m3 and 57.52 × 106 m3, respectively. The water shortage in normal years was covered by the SNWD Project and the water shortage in dry years was reduced by 62.4%. Local environment was improved because of the SNWD Project, i.e., the SNWD water replaced and reduced the use of groundwater and increased the inflow to the Fuyang River and the Yongnian Wetland by increasing the recycled water. This research has demonstrated the SNWD Project has started to play a key role in securing water use and improving the environment in the water-receiving area since its completion in 2014.