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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Groundwater vulnerability'
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Maxe, Lena. "Assessing groundwater vulnerability : the acidification case /." Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/maxe0329.html.
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Sorichetta, A. "GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT USING STATISTICAL METHODS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/152913.
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Groundwater vulnerability maps are considered as an essential component for sustainable environmental planning and management.
Statistical methods are increasingly being used to produce scientifically defensible groundwater vulnerability maps which meaningfulness and reliability however must be carefully evaluated before being distributed.
The Weigth of Evidence method (WofE) was used for assessing groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination of two different aquifers with the aim of testing its robustness as exploratory and predictive tool and addressing more general issues related to the use of statistical methods to produce groundwater vulnerability maps.
The spatial variability of different maps showing similar performances in term of predictive power, the influence of using different thresholds in the analysis, and the limits of using statistical methods to assess groundwater vulnerability were the main aspects evaluated in this study.
Results showed that: a) the WofE represents a powerful tool for selecting the appropriate explanatory variables and producing reliable maps; b) different maps, generated using different combinations of explanatory variables, always present some degree of spatial variability that can be analyzed through multiple validation techniques; c) the use of different thresholds produce similar or different results depending on if the spatial distribution of the vulnerability is observed at broad and small scale, respectively.
Furthermore, a new research challenge was identified in trying to integrate the temporal component in the vulnerability analysis.
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Lindström, Riitta. "Groundwater vulnerability assessment using process-based models." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234.
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<p>The focus of this thesis is on groundwater vulnerability assessment by process-based simulation models and data acquisition for these assessments. A modelling system for intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment in water supply areas was developed, consisting of flow- and transport models for the unsaturated zone and the groundwater zone, coupled to a geographical informa-tion system. The system was applied to a water supply area located close to a major road south of Stockholm. Chloride was used as an indicator in determining the vulnerability for groundwater contamination from the road. The approach was useful to illustrate the dynamic change of chlo-ride concentrations both during the stage of continuous application and after the applications was terminated. A structure and content of a database for flow and transport modelling, based on hydrogeological environments, was outlined. An existing hydrogeological parameter database, HPAR at the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU), was examined as a potential source of data for the new database. Values for some important parameters needed for groundwater modelling, such as hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity, were lacking in the three municipal HPAR databases that were studied. It was suggested that these data should be added, together with information on the hydrogeological environments, for all geographical positions of interest. Without such minimum information, the efficient use of modelling tools could not be expected.</p><p>Typical profiles of three common Swedish hydrogeological environments (sand deposits, glacial till and clay covered areas) were used to represent generic input data to model simulations in the unsaturated zone so that the importance of soil, vegetation type and groundwater levels on turn-over times of conservative contaminants transported by natural recharge could be examined. The same profiles were used to predict the penetration depth of accidental liquid spills that occur at the land surface level. In the case of contaminant transport by natural recharge, water storage in the soil profile and vegetation type played an important role for turnover times. For liquid spills, the hydraulic con-ductivity was found to be of major importance, while the water retention properties were of less importance. Modelling, together with available data sources, were successfully used to demon-strate the vulnerability of different environmental conditions.</p>
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Dumont, Pascal. "Error propagation calculation in groundwater vulnerability models." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27212.
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Stenemo, Fredrik. "Vulnerability assessments of pesticide leaching to groundwater /." Uppsala : Dept. of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200757.pdf.
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Lindström, Riitta. "Groundwater vulnerability assessment using process-based models /." Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234.
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Sultana, Sharmin. "Groundwater Quality Vulnerability Assessment in North Dakota." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28374.
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In North Dakota, arsenic and nitrate are two major groundwater contaminants. These contaminants originate from either natural geologic or anthropogenic sources. Differences in geology, hydrology, geochemistry, and chemical use explain how and why concentrations of these groundwater contaminants vary across the regions. Based on these properties, a research was carried out to identify the potential groundwater quality vulnerable regions. For vulnerability assessment, modified DRASTIC-G and Susceptibility Index model were used for arsenic and nitrate, respectively. Our research showed that approximately 21 and 28 % of the study area fall within high arsenic and nitrate vulnerable areas, respectively. Our study also identified 33 out of the 84 high risk arsenic and 16 out of 28 high risk nitrate observation wells fall within the high arsenic and nitrate vulnerability areas, respectively. These developed maps can be used as a starting point for identifying probable groundwater vulnerable areas and future decision making.<br>USDA NIFA (National Institute of Food and Agriculture)
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Graf, Tobias. "Physically-based assessment of intrinsic groundwater resource vulnerability." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26110.
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D’importants efforts ont été menés pour l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité des eaux souterraines grâce à des modèles physiques, adaptables à toutes sortes de contraintes liées aux ressources hydrogéologiques. Une approche nouvelle, fondée sur un modèle de processus pour l’évaluation de la vulnérabilité des ressources en eaux souterraines, est proposée et décrite pour le bassin versant de la rivière Saint-Charles, Québec. Un modèle couplé d’écoulements de surface (2D) et souterrains (3D) est implémenté pour une simulation en régime (quasi) permanent. Le temps de résidence de l’eau souterraine est calculé comme une caractéristique intrinsèque du milieu. Il est utilisé conjointement aux scénarios DPSIR (Driving forces - Pressures - State - Impact - Responses) futurs pour déterminer la sensibilité du système. Un changement climatique (diminution de la précipitation) ainsi qu’un changement d’occupation du sol (urbanisation) sont simulés. La distribution spatiale de la sensibilité du modèle est évaluée grâce à l’étude de différentes variables et forme une base pour la prédiction de la vulnérabilité, présentée en valeurs-seuils de dégâts du système hydrogéologique. Par la suite, les scenarios sont comparés à l’aide d’une analyse de décision multicritères (MCDA) qui fournit une base d’évaluation commune en tenant compte des critères quantitatifs (p.ex. pourcentage du système très vulnérable) et non-quantitatifs (p.ex. importance du scenario/probabilité). La MCDA donne la priorité au scenario de l’urbanisation par rapport à la vulnérabilité et à l’investigation des réponses potentielles. Ce travail fournit un outil puissant pour l’analyse de l’interaction de l’Homme avec son environnement. Une interprétation intégrée (surface/sous-sol) du système est essentielle parce que la vulnérabilité est une fonction de l’origine et de la nature de la pression, ainsi que la variable choisie pour analyser son impact. La plupart des impacts sur un système peuvent être mesurés, analysés et validés dans une modèle calibré en régime permanent. La fiabilité de prédictions de la vulnérabilité principalement souffre du manque d’unicité générale des modèles et l’incertitude des paramètres. Les travaux futurs devraient se concentrer sur l’amélioration de l’approche combinée en fournissant des recommandations claires d’évaluation de la vulnérabilité avec un catalogue de valeurs seuil différenciant les dégâts au système dans l’espace et le temps.<br>Approaches that rely on process-based models to assess groundwater vulnerability, as opposed to empirical relationships, have recently gained more attention as they have the potential to provide a general framework for all types of (re)source and stress relations. A comprehensive and sustainable management system is needed, based on integrated surface and groundwater models, for effective surface and groundwater protection on a scientific defensible basis. Using a process-based model, an approach to assess intrinsic groundwater vulnerability is proposed and demonstrated for the Saint-Charles River catchment, Québec. A fully integrated 2D surface and 3D groundwater flow model is implemented to simulate quasi steady-state flow in the catchment. Groundwater transit times, which represent an intrinsic system characteristic, are simulated with the flow model. They are then combined with future DPSIR (Driving forces - Pressures - State - Impact - Responses) vulnerability scenarios to assess the system sensitivity. Climate change (decreasing precipitation) and land use change (urbanization) scenarios are simulated. Sensitivity coefficients are calculated for multiple state variables and form the basis for the system vulnerability prediction, with system threshold values of well-being. The scenarios are then compared with a MCDA (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis) framework, which provides a common evaluation basis, accounting for quantitative (e.g. highly vulnerable catchment percentage) and non-quantitative (scenario relevance and probability) criteria. The MCDA ranks vulnerability and response investigation for the urbanization scenario with highest priority. When combined, the physical and generic framework-based vulnerability approaches represent a powerful tool for analyzing human- environmental interactions and impacts. An integrated surface and groundwater consideration is essential because the vulnerability is a function of the nature and origin of pressure (i.e. scenario specific) and the state variable chosen. Most system changes and impacts can be measured, analyzed and validated within a calibrated model for (quasi) steady-state conditions. The reliability of predicted system vulnerabilities is mainly subject to conceptual and parameter uncertainties and can suffer from the non-unique model calibration issues. Future work should focus on improving the combined approach by providing a clear guidance for the vulnerability evaluation with a threshold rating system which classifies the system damage state in space and time.<br>Das Hauptaugenmerk rezenter Ansätze zur Grundwasser vulnerabilitäts Kartierung liegt auf Prozessbasierten Modellen auf der Grundlage eines allgemein umfassenden, universellen Rahmenwerkes. Zunehmender Focus liegt dabei auf der Entwicklung eines nachhaltigen Management Systems mit integrierter Betrachtung von Oberflächen- und Untergrundwasser. Ein prozessbasierter Modell Ansatz zur Bestimmung der intrinsischen Grundwasser Vulnerabilität ist hier vorgestellt und dessen Anwendung für das Grundwassereinzugsgebietes des Saint-Charles River, Québec, demonstriert. Ein integriertes, hydrogeologisches 2D Oberflächen und 3D Untergrund Modell wurde zu diesem Zweck erstellt, und auf dessen Basis das quasi stationäre Strömungsregimes des ausgewählten Einzugsgebietes simuliert. Grundwasser Verweilzeiten, als intrinsische System Charakteristik, sind mithilfe des Strömungsmodells berechnet. In Verbindung mit prognostischen DPSIR (Driving forces - Pressures - State - Impact - Responses) Vulnerabilität Szenarien dienen diese zur Berechnung der räumlichen Verteilung der System Sensitivitätskoeffizienten. Als Szenarien sind klimatischer Wandel (Niederschlagsabnahme) und landnutzungs Änderungen (Urbanisierung) betrachtet. Die Berechnung der Sensitivitätskoeffizienten beruht dabei auf verschiedenen System Zustandsvariablen und dient als Grundlage für die darauf aufbauenden, Grenzwert abhängigen Vulnerabilitätskoeffizienten. Ein Vergleich der unterschiedlichen Vulnerabilität Szenarien auf der Grundlage einer gemeinsamen Bewertungsbasis und unter Einbeziehung von quantitativen (z.B. prozentuale Verteilung der Einzugsgebiet Vulnerabilität) sowie nicht-quantitativen (z.B. Szenario Relevanz und Wahrscheinlichkeit) Kriterien ist mithilfe einer Multikriteriellen Entscheidungsanalyse (MCDA) erreicht. Das Urbanisierung Szenario ist dabei als Priorität bezüglich der Vulnerabilitätsbewertung sowie der Notwendigkeit weiterer (Gegenmaßnahmen) Untersuchungen eingestuft.Der kombinierte Ansatz eines physikalisch basierten Models auf der Grundlage eines allgemeinen Rahmenwerkes zeigt großes Potential für die Analyse und Interpretation von Wechselwirkungen zwischen Mensch und Umwelt. Eine integrierte Betrachtung von Oberflächen und Grundwasser erweist sich dabei als Essentiell, da die System Vulnerabilität sowohl von den betrachteten System Zustandsvariablen, als auch vom Szenario spezifischen Ursprung und der Art des betrachteten System Stresses abhängt. Die meisten Szenario abhängigen Systemänderungen innerhalb eines hydrogeologischen Systems können dabei auf der Grundlage eines kalibrierten, (quasi) stationären Models gemessen, analysiert und verifiziert werden. Die Verlässlichkeit der prognostizierten System Vulnerabilitäten ist dabei wesentlich bestimmt durch Faktoren wie dem Model Konzept und Parameter Ungewissheiten, sowie der Model Kalibrierung. Focus zukünftiger Arbeiten sollte auf der Verbesserung des vorgestellten kombinierten Ansatzes liegen, unter Einbeziehung eines Grenzwert Kataloges zur räumlichen und zeitlichen Definition des Systemzustandes.
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Gallagher, Kristopher Craig. "Stormwater Infiltration and Groundwater Integrity: An Analysis of BMP Siting Tools and Groundwater Vulnerability." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6703.
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Nonpoint source pollution captured by urban stormwater runoff is the greatest challenge for surface water quality improvements. Computer-based design tools have been developed to help mediate this issue by guiding end users through the implementation of decentralized stormwater management. The majority of these tools focus on treatment via biofiltration, yet concern regarding this treatment regime is rising. Case studies from research past clearly indicate the susceptibility of groundwater to contamination from extensive anthropogenic activity at the surface. Contaminants, such as nitrates and pathogens, are not completely removed before runoff enters the underground watercourse. Additionally, national and state legislation, which explicitly lists where neglect for groundwater quality is permissible—exacerbate concerns. This research analyzes the efficiency the BMP Siting Tool developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Grey-to-Green Decision Support Tool developed by the University of South Florida. The tools were used to obtain cartographic data illustrating suitable sites for bioswales and infiltration basins throughout northern portion of Hillsborough County, Florida. This data was then integrated with the Karst Aquifer Vulnerability Index (KAVI) groundwater vulnerability model. The area of bioswales and infiltration basins that intersected areas of the KAVI model listed as ‘highly vulnerable’ or ‘moderate-to-highly vulnerable’ was calculated. This permitted an assessment of which BMP facility had the greatest sitings atop vulnerable areas, respective of the tool. The BMP Siting Tool sited 2.80% of all bioswales and 27.89% of all infiltration basins above vulnerable areas. Likewise, the Grey-to-Green Decision Support Tool sited 21.66% of all bioswales and 9.62% of all infiltration basins above vulnerable areas. These results prompted the development of a supplemental groundwater vulnerability framework to be incorporated into both tools’ analytical process.
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Soper, Rodney Craig. "Groundwater vulnerability to agrochemicals a GIS-based DRASTIC model analysis of Carroll, Chariton, and Saline counties, Missouri USA /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4635.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Micella, Ilaria. "Evaluating the risk of groundwater pollution through the combination of hazards and groundwater vulnerability maps." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21192/.
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The objective of the MSc thesis is to develop a systematic framework for groundwater pollution risk evaluation starting from the groundwater vulnerability maps of Wallonia developed through a GIS-based interface. The aim is rather to conduct a first assessment, that could trace the path for further application and be integrated in the existent Apsû methodology for vulnerability assessment. The first phase of the study consisted in undertaking a literature review on regional risk assessment procedures in the other countries and regions of the world, in order to identify the best approach to apply in Wallonia: the “European Approach” is selected. The probability that, following the occurrence of a hazardous event on the surface of the soil, the contamination could reach the water table and have a serious impact on the groundwater status is evaluated. To do so, data on potential pressures on soil is collected, to create an Hazard map. The risk assessment is carried out on a regional scale for groundwater body RWM040, combining the created Hazard Map, Intrinsic Vulnerability map and Consequences. The selected groundwater body has been subject of several studies, due to the peculiar features of the chalks aquifer (e.g. double porosity and dry valleys), that enhance the risk of groundwater pollution. Furthermore, the area, harshly affected by nitrates and pesticides pollution linked to the extensive agricultural practices, is a perfect site to test the strength of the developed method.
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Croskrey, Andrea. "Hydrolgeologic Groundwater Sensitivity and Vulnerability Mapping in South Central Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/450.
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Groundwater sensitivity (Ray and O'dell 1993 a) refers to the inherent ease with which groundwater can be contaminated based on hydrogeologic characteristics. We have developed digital methods for identifying areas of varying groundwater sensitivity for a ten county area of south-central Kentucky relevant to a scale of 1: 24,000. The study area includes extensive limestone karst sinkhole plains, with groundwater that is generally extremely sensitive to contamination. Digitally Vectorized Geologic Quadrangles (DVGQs) were combined with elevation data to both identify hydrogeologic groundwater sensitivity regions and to identify zones of "high risk runoff where contaminants could be transported in runoff from less sensitive to higher sensitivity (particularly karst) areas. This analysis was limited to existing, available digital data sources. While future work will fine-tune these maps with additional layers of data (soils for example) as digital data become available, using DVGQs this method is allowing a relatively rapid assessment of groundwater sensitivity for Kentucky at a larger scale than previously available.
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Stefan, Catalin. "Groundwater vulnerability in Vietnam and innovative solutions for sustainable exploitation." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-176948.
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With an abundant average precipitation rate, Vietnam could be considered water-reach country. Unfortunately, the non-uniform spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, coupled with a demographic and industrial development polarized on the two major river deltas, it makes the water resources extremely vulnerable. As consequence, severe depletions of groundwater table are reported all over the country, often in the range of 1-2 m per year and more. The subsequent land subsidence is just one of the drawbacks, another being the increasing salinity of coastal aquifers as sea water level continues to rise. Under these conditions, the natural groundwater replenishment alone is not anymore able to provide for a safe water supply, different studies indicating that the groundwater exploitation in major urban agglomerations like Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City already passed the sustainability level. The solution presented in this paper implies making use of engineered methods for enhancing the natural groundwater recharge rates by enabling better percolation rates of surface water into subsurface and thus optimizing the regional water cycle. The method known as ‘managed aquifer recharge’ (MAR) is introduced, together with general guidelines and tools for planning of MAR schemes, such as the newly web-based decision support system INOWAS_DSS<br>Với tốc độ lượng mưa trung bình dồi dào, Việt Nam có thể được coi là quốc gia có nguồn nước trong tầm tay. Thật không may, sự phân bố không gian và thời gian không đồng đều của lượng mưa, cùng với sự phát triển dân số và công nghiệp phân cực trên hai vùng châu thổ sông lớn làm cho các nguồn nước rất dễ bị tổn thương. Vì vậy, sự suy giảm nước ngầm nghiêm trọng được báo cáo trên khắp đất nước, thường mỗi năm giảm 1-2 m và nhiều hơn nữa. Hiện tượng sụt lún đất xảy ra sau đó chỉ là một trong những hạn chế, mặt khác là độ mặn ngày càng tăng của các tầng chứa nước ven biển do mực nước biển tiếp tục tăng. Dưới những điều kiện này, việc bổ sung nước ngầm tự nhiên đơn thuần không còn có thể cung ứng cho một nguồn cấp nước sạch an toàn. Các nghiên cứu khác nhau cho thấy rằng việc khai thác nước ngầm tại các đô thị lớn như Hà Nội hay thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đã vượt qua mức độ bền vững. Giải pháp được trình bày trong bài báo này gợi ý việc sử dụng các phương pháp thiết kế để nâng cao tỷ lệ tái nạp nước ngầm tự nhiên bằng cách cho phép tỷ lệ thẩm thấu tốt hơn nước mặt vào dưới bề mặt và do đó tối ưu hóa chu trình nước trong khu vực. Phương pháp được gọi là 'tái nạp nước ngầm có quản lý (MAR) được giới thiệu, cùng với các hướng dẫn chung và các công cụ để lập kế hoạch đề án MAR, ví dụ như hệ thống mớihỗ trợ quyết định dựa trên kết nối mạng INOWAS_DSS
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Posen, Paulette Eugenie. "Groundwater vulnerability mapping : an application to pesticide contamination in England." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427094.
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Abdullah, Twana. "Groundwater Vulnerability Using DRASTIC model Applied to Halabja Saidsadiq Basin, IRAQ." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61783.
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Boy, Roura Mercè. "Nitrate groundwater pollution and aquifer vulnerability: the case of the Osona region." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/124042.
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Nitrate groundwater pollution in the Osona region is a persistent and widespread problem. Nitrate concentrations are commonly above the drinking water threshold of 50 mg/L in wells and springs. ANOVA and logistic regression analyses showed that nitrate concentration is more dependent on land use than on the geological setting of springs. Nitrate content presented stationary values in most of the springs over time, while discharge and electrical conductivity evolution depends on the geological setting and rainfall events. This is attributed to a homogenization of the subsurface processes that determine nitrate infiltration after decades of intensive fertilization. A multiple linear regression model to assess groundwater vulnerability determined that the factors that significantly influence nitrate pollution are: nitrogen load, aquifer type, presence of well-drained and deep soils, irrigation and occurrence of denitrification processes. Vulnerability maps for unconfined, leaky and confined aquifers were developed and can be used for improving groundwater resources management<br>La contaminació per nitrats de les aigües subterrànies a Osona és un problema persistent i generalitzat, amb concentracions superiors a 50 mg/L. Les anàlisis ANOVA i regressió logística mostren que la concentració de nitrats és més dependent dels usos del sòl que del context geològic de les fonts. El contingut de nitrats es manté estacionari en la majoria de les fonts al llarg del temps, mentre que l’evolució del cabal i la conductivitat elèctrica depenen del context geològic i la precipitació. Aquesta uniformitat s’atribueix a una homogeneïtzació dels processos que tenen lloc al subsòl i que determinen la infiltració de nitrats. Un model de regressió lineal múltiple per avaluar la vulnerabilitat de les aigües subterrànies ha determinat que els factors que influeixen significativament a la contaminació per nitrats són: la càrrega de nitrogen, el tipus d'aqüífer, la presència de sòls ben drenats i profunds, la irrigació i l’existència de processos de desnitrificació. Els mapes de vulnerabilitat desenvolupats per aqüífers lliures, semi-confinats i confinats són útils per millorar la gestió de les aigües subterrànies
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Buyukdemirci, Hakan Ahmet. "Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment With Drastic Method:a Case-study On Kirikkale Plain, Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614315/index.pdf.
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The objective of this study is to achieve vulnerability assessment of the groundwater
by using DRASTIC Method which is developed by United States Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA). It is most commonly used overlay and index method
all over the world. Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability would be performed by
using computer programs which are based on Geographical Information System
(GIS) in order to facilitate data management and spatial analysis. The term
vulnerability, that is used in this study, could be defined as a degree of capacity of
the geological settings which are above water table, cause as joining of contaminants
to groundwater where imposed by environmental factors. All the groundwater has
some degree of protection under natural condition. It is an important initial step to
identify degree of vulnerability by an index which is provided by superimposition of
the environmental and geological properties that are explained in DRASTIC Method.
v
At the end of the study by using a computer program together with DRASTIC
Method a vulnerability map will be obtained. The vulnerability map is an informative
tool from different aspects such as it is an initial step for taking an attention of risk of
groundwater could be getting polluted in some areas. In addition, surface activities
could be limited by focusing on groundwater protection strategies which are
considering degree of vulnerability of areas that are delineated by DRASTIC
vulnerability index.
With the purpose of groundwater vulnerability assessment Kirikkale Plain is selected
for a study area. Because of inappropriate management of the industrial and domestic
wastes, lack of waste water treatment plants and uncontrolled agricultural activities
cause this region proned to groundwater pollution. At the end of this study a
groundwater vulnerability map of the Kirikkale Plain is obtained and attention is
drawn to the places which are more vulnerable are pointed out.
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Pirnia, Seyed Amir. "A Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Method Using GIS and Multivariate Statistics - Gotland, Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99343.
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Concentrations of microorganisms and chemical components in groundwater are serious threats for groundwater resources sustainability and contribute to technical and health problems. Recent studies and reports in Gotland revealed huge concerns about water quality in the area. In this master thesis a range of methods such as GIS and statistical analysis including multivariate analysis and non-parametric analysis, have been used in order to identify natural and human factors which affect groundwater contamination. Main focus of the study was on using existing data and available databases in analyses. Consequently, several important factors such as land use, overlaying soil cover, soil thickness, bedrock, elevation, distance to deformation and fracture zones and slope were evaluated considering 8 variables including micro-organisms and chemical components. The results clarified several significant factors which statistically affected the micro-biological and chemical components of groundwater. These relations can be used for development of risk maps which can be used in spatial planning.
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Stefan, Catalin. "Groundwater vulnerability in Vietnam and innovative solutions for sustainable exploitation: Review paper." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28886.
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With an abundant average precipitation rate, Vietnam could be considered water-reach country. Unfortunately, the non-uniform spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, coupled with a demographic and industrial development polarized on the two major river deltas, it makes the water resources extremely vulnerable. As consequence, severe depletions of groundwater table are reported all over the country, often in the range of 1-2 m per year and more. The subsequent land subsidence is just one of the drawbacks, another being the increasing salinity of coastal aquifers as sea water level continues to rise. Under these conditions, the natural groundwater replenishment alone is not anymore able to provide for a safe water supply, different studies indicating that the groundwater exploitation in major urban agglomerations like Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City already passed the sustainability level. The solution presented in this paper implies making use of engineered methods for enhancing the natural groundwater recharge rates by enabling better percolation rates of surface water into subsurface and thus optimizing the regional water cycle. The method known as ‘managed aquifer recharge’ (MAR) is introduced, together with general guidelines and tools for planning of MAR schemes, such as the newly web-based decision support system INOWAS_DSS.<br>Với tốc độ lượng mưa trung bình dồi dào, Việt Nam có thể được coi là quốc gia có nguồn nước trong tầm tay. Thật không may, sự phân bố không gian và thời gian không đồng đều của lượng mưa, cùng với sự phát triển dân số và công nghiệp phân cực trên hai vùng châu thổ sông lớn làm cho các nguồn nước rất dễ bị tổn thương. Vì vậy, sự suy giảm nước ngầm nghiêm trọng được báo cáo trên khắp đất nước, thường mỗi năm giảm 1-2 m và nhiều hơn nữa. Hiện tượng sụt lún đất xảy ra sau đó chỉ là một trong những hạn chế, mặt khác là độ mặn ngày càng tăng của các tầng chứa nước ven biển do mực nước biển tiếp tục tăng. Dưới những điều kiện này, việc bổ sung nước ngầm tự nhiên đơn thuần không còn có thể cung ứng cho một nguồn cấp nước sạch an toàn. Các nghiên cứu khác nhau cho thấy rằng việc khai thác nước ngầm tại các đô thị lớn như Hà Nội hay thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đã vượt qua mức độ bền vững. Giải pháp được trình bày trong bài báo này gợi ý việc sử dụng các phương pháp thiết kế để nâng cao tỷ lệ tái nạp nước ngầm tự nhiên bằng cách cho phép tỷ lệ thẩm thấu tốt hơn nước mặt vào dưới bề mặt và do đó tối ưu hóa chu trình nước trong khu vực. Phương pháp được gọi là 'tái nạp nước ngầm có quản lý (MAR) được giới thiệu, cùng với các hướng dẫn chung và các công cụ để lập kế hoạch đề án MAR, ví dụ như hệ thống mớihỗ trợ quyết định dựa trên kết nối mạng INOWAS_DSS.
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Roshani, Atena. "Road infrastructure vulnerability to groundwater table variation due to sea level rise." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/74509/1/Atena_Roshani_Thesis.pdf.
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This study was conducted to assess the vulnerability of coastal road infrastructures due to climate change induced sea level rise and extreme weather conditions through the estimation of road subgrade strength reduction as a result of changes in soil moisture content. The study area located in the Gold Coast, Australia highlighted that the risk is significant. In wet seasons or areas with wet condition, the groundwater table is already high, so even a small change in the groundwater table can raise the risk of inundation; particularly, in areas with existing shallow groundwater. The predicted risk of a high groundwater table on road infrastructure is a long-term hazard. Therefore, there is time to undertake some management plans to decrease the possible risks, for instance, some deep root plants could be planted along the roads with a high level of risk, to decrease the groundwater table elevation.
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Jurek, Anne C. "Vulnerability of groundwater to perchloroethylene contamination from dry cleaners in the Niles Cone Groundwater Basin, southern Alameda County, California." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1567998.
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<p> Releases of perchloroethylene (PCE) from dry cleaners pose a threat to groundwater quality. An assessment was performed of the Niles Cone Groundwater Basin to determine its vulnerability to PCE contamination from both historic and more recently operating dry cleaners. Sensitivity assessments of the Basin's two subbasins were performed using a modification of the DRASTIC Index Method, whereby the hydrogeological variables of depth to water, aquifer media, vadose zone media, and soil drainage classification were represented by a range of sensitivity categories and ratings assigned to each range. A source assessment was performed by identifying the locations of historic and presently operating dry-cleaning plants and assigning a threat ranking to each based on the approximate years in which the four generations of dry-cleaning machinery were introduced. Using ArcGIS, the sensitivity assessments and the source assessment were mapped, and the source assessment was superimposed over the sensitivity maps to create vulnerability maps of the two subbasins. The most sensitive area of the Below Hayward Fault subbasin in the forebay area near the Hayward Fault is due to a higher proportion of coarse-grained aquifer and vadose zone media and a thinner to absent aquitard due to deposition from the Alameda Creek. The existence of dry cleaners of higher threat makes this an area that is vulnerable to PCE contamination.</p>
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Gheisari, Narges. "Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using a GIS-Based Modified DRASTIC Model in Agricultural Areas." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36076.
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DRASTIC model is the most widely used method for aquifer vulnerability mapping which consists of seven hydrogeological parameters. Despite of its popularity, this technique disregards the effect of regional characteristics and there is no specific validation method to demonstrate the accuracy of this method. The main goal of this research was developing an integrated GIS-based DRASTIC model using Depth to water, Net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of vadose zone and Hydraulic Conductivity (DRASTIC). In order to obtain a more reliable and accurate assessment, the rates and weights of original DRASTIC were modified using Wilcoxon rank-sum non-parametric statistical test and Single Parameter Sensitivity Analysis (SPSA). The methodology was implemented for the Shahrekord plain in the southwestern region of Iran. Two different sets of measured nitrate concentrations from two monitoring events were used, one for modification and other for validation purposes. Validation nitrate values were compared to the calculated DRASTIC index to assess the efficacy of the DRASTIC model. The validation results obtained from Pearson's correlation and chi-square values, revealed that the modified DRASTIC is more efficient than original DRASTIC. The modified rate/weight DRASTIC (spline) model showed the highest correlation coefficient and chi square value as 0.88 and 72.93, respectively, compared to -0.3 and 25.2 for the original DRASTIC (spline) model. The integrated vulnerability map showed the high risk imposed on the southeastern part of the Shahrekord aquifer. In addition, sensitivity analysis indicated that the removal of net recharge parameter from the modified model caused larger variation in vulnerability index showing that this parameter has more impact on the DRASTIC vulnerability of the aquifer. Moreover, Aquifer media (A), Topography (T) and Impact of vadose zone (I) were found to have less effect and importance compared to other variables as expected. Therefore, reduced modified DRASTIC model was proposed by eliminating A, T and I parameters. Pearson's correlation coefficient and chi-square value for the reduced model were calculated as 0.88 and 100.38, respectively, which was found to be as reliable as full modified DRASTIC model.
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Marta, Melisa, and Lovisa Nordgren. "Vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution in the vicinity of a landfill in Nigeria." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297429.
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Malfunctioning landfills are a globally sprawled problem. The Olusosun landfill in Lagos, Nigeria is not an exception. It is located in the middle of the city, nearby groundwater resources used to supply drinking water for the inhabitants in Lagos. When solid waste is thrown in a landfill with an inappropriate management, the groundwater may be contaminated by precipitation and surface runoff percolating the solid waste. This report identifies if the groundwater fulfills both the Nigerian Standards for Clean Drinking Water and the World Health Organization’s International Water Quality Standards. This report also analyzes if precipitation and temperature affects groundwater quality, which later on becomes the inhabitants drinking water. The study focuses on the following water quality parameters: pH, hardness, total dissolved solids, conductivity, sodium, chlorine, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, lead, nickel and chromium. Groundwater quality was assessed in 17 different sampling sites, including wells and boreholes, with samples collected once a month during the year of 2020. Further on, a spatial analysis and temporal analysis were made. The temporal analysis for precipitation and temperature in Lagos is analyzed together with the parameters to ascertain if some parameters depend on these two factors. The tables and diagrams in the results were analyzed by visually studying the data to find correlations between the parameters and temperature respectively precipitation. Lastly, a literature study was made to support the found correlations. The overall groundwater in the vicinity to the Olusosun landfill does not achieve the standards for either the World Health Organization or Nigeria’s Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The results indicate that the Drinking Water Quality Standards for both Nigeria and the World Health Organization lack limits for some parameters. Not all the water quality parameters investigated have an established quality standard for drinking water use. However, none of the sites exceed the guideline values for the parameters for sulphate, conductivity, nitrate, sodium and copper. The result presents that the locations with the lowest number of fulfilled parameters, and evidently with the least qualified drinking water, were locations 2, 3, 6, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17. The majority of these locations are situated close to the landfill. The results also presented that the locations with the best water quality standards were locations 9 and 11, which are also the locations situated the furthest from the landfill. The result for the temporal analysis reveals that the temperature has a correlation to all the parameters except for calcium and that all the parameters have a correlation to all the parameters analysed. The Olusosun landfill affects the groundwater quality negatively. The locations close to the landfill have the poorest water quality and vice versa. It is necessary to improve the water quality to secure the health of the people consuming it in Lagos, Nigeria. To do so, the landfill management must amend the current management directions. The focus should be on a remediation of the Olusosun landfill. Methods that can be used are solid washing, phytoremediation top-soil placement and establishing world leading practices in the area.<br>Dåligt fungerade deponier är ett globalt problem och deponin Olusosun i Lagos Nigeria är inget undantag. Deponin ligger i staden och nära grundvattenkällor som nyttjas som dricksvatten. När fast avfall placeras på en deponi med otillräcklig ledning kan grundvattnet bli förorenat av nederbörd och ytavrinning. Denna rapport identifierar om grundvattnet vid deponin Olusosun uppfyller Nigeria och WHOs dricksvattenstandarder. Rapporten studerar även om nederbörd och temperatur påverkar kvaliteten på vattnet i området. Grundvattenkvaliteten undersöktes på 17 olika platser som bestod av brunnar och borrhål. Proverna togs en gång i månaden under år 2020. Sedan gjordes en rumslig och tidslig analys av proverna. Den rumsliga analysen undersökte huruvida vattenkvaliteten påverkas av avståndet till deponin och den tidsliga analysen undersökte om nederbörd och temperatur påverkar förändringarna av parametrarna över tid. För att bekräfta hittade samband i resultatet gjordes en litteraturstudie där bland annat litteratur från tidigare studier användes. Ingen av platserna som proverna togs från uppfyller alla standarder från varken Nigeria eller WHO. Platserna som överskred flest vattenkvalitetstandarder var plats 3, 12, 14, 16 and 17. De platser som överskred minst antal parametrar av vattenkvalitetstandarder var plats 9 och 11. En koppling mellan avståndet till deponin och vattenkvaliteten kunde göras. Resultatet från den tidsliga analysen visar att alla parametrar utom kalcium påverkas av temperaturen och alla parametrar påverkas av mängden nederbörd. Deponin Olusosun påverkar kvaliteten på grundvatten negativt och det är nödvändigt att förbättra vattenkvaliteten för att försäkra hälsan för invånarna i Lagos som konsumerar vattnet. För att göra det måste förvaltningen förbättras. Fokus borde ligga på att sanera deponin. Metoder som kan användas för detta är solid wasing och phytoremediation.
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Shukla, Sanjay. "Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pesticide contamination in Albemarle and Louisa counties, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302008-063449/.
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Hussein, Mahmoud Mohamed El Araby Mohamed. "Borehole water level response to barometric pressure as an indicator of groundwater vulnerability." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4144/.
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The response of borehole water levels to barometric pressure is a function of the confining layer and aquifer properties. This study aims to use this response as an aid towards quantitative assessment of groundwater vulnerability, applying the techniques to the confined/semi-confined part of the Chalk Aquifer in East Yorkshire, UK. Time series analysis techniques are applied to data collected from twelve monitoring boreholes to characterize and remove components contributing to the borehole water level signal other than barometric pressure, such as recharge and Earth tides. Barometric response functions are estimated using the cross-spectral deconvolutionaveraging technique performed with up to five overlapping frequency bands. A theoretical model was then fitted to the observed barometric response functions in order to obtain estimates of aquifer and confining layer properties. Derived ranges for pneumatic and hydraulic diffusivities of the confining layer vary over four orders of magnitudes (0.9 to 128.0 m2/day and 10.0 to 5.0×104 m2/day respectively) indicating that the aquifer is nowhere purely confined. Discrepancies between estimates of aquifer transmissivity derived from the barometric response function and pumping tests have been explored using slug tests and results suggest that aquifer model transmissivity are highly sensitive to borehole construction. A simple flow model, constructed to test the potential impact of confining layer heterogeneity on the barometric response function, shows that while high frequencies reflect the immediate vicinity of the borehole, low frequencies detect confining layer properties up to some 500 meters distant from the borehole. A ‘characteristic time scale’ is introduced as a function of derived properties of the confining layer and is used as a quantitative measure of the degree of aquifer confinement. It is concluded that barometric response functions are sensitive to confining layer properties and thus can provide a useful tool for the assessment of aquifer vulnerability.
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VanDerwerker, Tiffany Jebson. "Evaluating Sources of Arsenic in Groundwater in Virginia using a Logistic Regression Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77957.
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For this study, I have constructed a logistic regression model, using existing datasets of environmental parameters to predict the probability of As concentrations above 5 parts per billion (ppb) in Virginia groundwater and to evaluate if geologic or other characteristics are linked to elevated As concentrations. Measured As concentrations in groundwater from the Virginia Tech Biological Systems Engineering (BSE) Household Water Quality dataset were used as the dependent variable to train (calibrate) the model. Geologic units, lithology, soil series and texture, land use, and physiographic province were used as regressors in the model. Initial models included all regressors, but during model refinement, attention was focused solely on geologic units. Two geologic units, Triassic-aged sedimentary rocks and Devonian-aged shales/sandstones, were identified as significant in the model; the presence of these units at a spatial location results in a higher probability for As occurrences in groundwater. Measured As concentrations in groundwater from an independent dataset collected by the Virginia Department of Health were used to test (validate) the model. Due to the structure of the As datasets, which included As concentrations mostly (95-99%) = 5 ppb, and thus few (1-5%) data in the range > 5 ppb, the regression model cannot be used reliably to predict As concentrations in other parts of the state. However, our results are useful for identifying areas of Virginia, defined by underlying geology, that are more likely to have elevated As concentrations in groundwater. Results of this work suggest that homeowners with wells installed in these geologic units have their wells tested for As and regulators closely monitor public supply wells in these areas for As.<br>Master of Science
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Aljazzar, Taiseer [Verfasser]. "Adjustment of DRASTIC vulnerability index to assess groundwater vulnerability for nitrate pollution using the advection diffusion cell / vorgelegt von Taiseer Harb Aljazzar." Aachen : Mainz, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010369989/34.
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Kovarik, Johanna L. "A Composite Spatial Model Incorporating Groundwater Vulnerability and Environmental Disturbance to Guide Land Management." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5863.
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Research has long recognized and studied the dynamics of groundwater processes. More recently, groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are being recognized for their diversity and vulnerability to anthropogenic impact. Groundwater in karst landscapes presents a distinctive situation where flow through the subsurface often moves rapidly on the scale of days and weeks as opposed to years or millennia in other systems. This distinctive situation of karst systems and their vulnerability to human impacts necessitate an integrated and multifaceted approach for the management of these important resources. However, development of such an approach is complicated by the difficulty of obtaining detailed data about the ecosystem, especially in remote areas of developing countries. Additionally, management difficulties related to political boundaries, jurisdictions, and land ownership can result in ineffective and inconsistent policies and practices across a single catchment. In order to address these issues, this dissertation creates a new composite model for groundwater dependent ecosystem (GDE) management in areas of karst development. Within this new composite model, the combination of the Karst Disturbance Index (KDI) and groundwater vulnerability mapping recognizes both human disturbance and how the physical nature of the karst will enhance this impact. These studies bridge the gap between science and management by connecting the final model to management strategies for a sub-catchment of the Rio la Venta watershed, the majority of which is within the Reserva de la Biosfera Selva el Ocote in Chiapas, Mexico. This composite model serves as an adaptable spatial tool for management planning and protection for all components of the karst environment.
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Tsoy, Irina. "Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment for Railroad Construction in Stockholm, Sweden, using Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170453.
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The environmental impact of transportation construction, operation and maintenance is of critical importance. Therefore it is vital to carry out a groundwater vulnerability assessment for transportation projects at an early stage. The objective of the study was to apply a methodology for groundwater vulnerability assessment for transportation planning in order to identify and avoid areas susceptible to contamination. In this study a spatial multi criteria analysis (SMCA) was conducted where the impacts of railroads on groundwater were examined. Physical factors that influence the groundwater vulnerability such as infiltration capacity, hydraulic conductivity, effective porosity, slope, land cover, depth to groundwater and topographic wetness index (TWI) were considered in this study. Results from the study show that about 30% of the total area was prone to high and very high groundwater vulnerability. The final vulnerability map illustrated the highly vulnerable areas in the sand deposits and till and less vulnerable areas of rock outcrops and clay deposits. According to the outcome of the sensitivity analysis the methodology used in this study shows promising results and can be employed further with some improvements.<br>På grund av ökad efterfråga på transport planerar Stockholms Lokaltrafik (SL) en ny järnväg i norra Stockholm mellan Vallentuna kommun och Arlanda flygplats (Sveriges största internationella flygplats). Väg- och järnvägskonstruktion och underhåll förorenar inte bara luft, mark och närliggande vattendrag utan även den mättade zonen genom infiltrerande vatten. Denna studie fokuserar på effekterna av järnvägen på grundvattnet, eftersom grundvatten är en viktig resurs för vattenförsörjning (hushåll, industri etc.) Syftet med denna studie var att utveckla en modell för sårbarhetsanalys av grundvatten för transportplanering genom Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) och geografiska informationssystem (GIS). För att hantera detta komplexa problem har sju kriterier kritiska för grundvattnets sårbarhet identifierats (t.ex. hydraulisk konduktivitet, infiltration och effektiv porositet, djup till grundvatten, marktäcke, topografisk wetness index (TWI) och lutning); viktats med tanke på dess påverkan på grundvattnet och dess noggrannhet i data; och till sist kombinerats för att framställa en grundvattensårbarhetkarta. GIS (ArcGIS) verktyg användes i studien för att hantera rumslig heterogenitet inom det studerade området samt komplexiteten av MCA. För att utvärdera påverkan av varje kriterium på resulterad sårbarhetskarta tillämpades enda variabel metoden. Genom att jämföra värdena från den teoretiska viktningen (tilldelade värden) och den effektiva viktningen (beräknade värden) för varje kriterium kunde det mest inflytelserika kriteriet identifieras. Som ett resultat av studien, producerades en grundvattensårbarhetskarta över det studerade området vilket indikerade att sand och moränavlagringar är mycket känsliga för föroreningar på grund av hög infiltrationskapacitet i grovkornig jord, högt värde av hydraulisk konduktivitet och effektiv porositet. Men på grund av låg infiltration och hydraulisk konduktivitet tillsammans med låg effektiv porositet, erhöll lera som ligger på låga upphöjda områden det lägsta värdet av sårbarhet.
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Craig, M. R. "Evaluation of groundwater vulnerability and pollution potential in the Upper Bann catchment, Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398145.
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Adu, Agyemang Adela Beauty. "Vulnerability Assessment of Groundwater to NO3 Contamination Using GIS, DRASTIC Model and Geostatistical Analysis." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3264.
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The study employed Geographical Information System (GIS) technology to investigate the vulnerability of groundwater to NO3 content in Buncombe County, North Carolina in two different approaches. In the first study, the spatial distribution of NO3 contamination was analyzed in a GIS environment using Kriging Interpolation. Cokriging interpolation was used to establish how NO3 relates to land cover types and depth to water table of wells in the county. The second study used DRASTIC model to assess the vulnerability of groundwater in Buncombe County to NO3 contamination. To get an accurate vulnerability index, the DRASTIC parameters were modified to fit the hydrogeological settings of the county. A final vulnerability map was created using regression based DRASTIC, a statistic method to measure how NO3 relates to each of the DRASTIC variables. Although the NO3 concentration in the county didn’t exceed the USEPA standard limit (10mg/L), some areas had NO3 as high as 8.5mg/L.
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MORAIS, João Bosco Andrade De. "Vulnerabilidade e riscos à poluição / contaminação das águas subterrâneas na área do complexo industrial portuário do Pecém – Estado do Ceará." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18279.
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-01<br>A implantação de grandes indústrias em região costeira imprime uma situação preocupante de grande envergadura. As águas subterrâneas e as poluições advindas das plantas industriais exigem avaliações que consideram oconjunto de variáveis inter-relacionadas. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento de métodos de avaliação da vulnerabilidade aquífera representa o primeiro passo na direção de uma gestão sustentável da água subterrânea é muito importante para produzir informações para o planejamento do uso do território e da água. Esta Tese teve como objetivo a avaliação da vulnerabilidade aquífera natural e do risco de contaminação na área do Complexo Industrial Portuário do Pecém (CIPP), concebido para abrigar diversas atividades industriais na faixa costeira dos municípios de São Gonçalo do Amarante e Caucaia –Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza, Ceará. A metodologia se encontra compartimentada em 3 (três) etapas: a de coleta de dados secundários que permitiu refletir e compreender os princípios e métodos aplicados na qualificação da vulnerabilidade; a dos indicadores primários, que se propõe obter dados empíricos com base no cadastramento de poços sendo gerado um arquivo de dados para a elaboração das bases temáticas. A etapa final da Tese, trata da avaliação da metodologia de mensuração da vulnerabilidade intrínseca, utilizando uma metodologia que comporta um elenco de variáveis, selecionadas para a aplicação do método são: Granulometria (G); Ambiente Hidrogeológico (A); Transmissibilidade (T); Nível Estético (NE); e Condutividade Hidráulica (K), a análise das variáveis propiciou o entendimento adequado para compor a equação do método utilizado, sendo o nome GATNEK um acrônico das variáveis. Os aquíferos são representados pelos Sistemas Dunas, Barreiras e Manto de Intemperismo do Cristalino, livres e com nível estático predominantemente inferior a 10m de profundidade. A vulnerabilidade oscila de baixa a alta, sendo moderada para o Sistema Barreiras e alto para o Sistema Dunas. Este modelo permite o cálculo de vulnerabilidade natural e de risco à poluição para aquíferos granulares freáticos.<br>The implementation of major industries in coastal regionshow us a worrying situation of great magnitude. Groundwater and pollution arising from industrial plants require evaluations that consider the set of interrelated variables. In this sense, the development of methods of assessment of aquifer vulnerabilityfigures the first step towards sustainable management of groundwater which is very important to produce information for planning the use of land and water. This thesis aimed to evaluate the natural aquifer vulnerability and the risk of contamination in the area of the Complex Industrial Port of Pecém (CIPP), designed to house several industrial activities in the coastal strip of the municipalities of São Gonçalo do Amarante and Caucaia, Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza, Ceará. The methodology is compartmentalized into three (03) steps: a collection of secondary data that allowed to reflect and understand the principles and methods applied in the qualification of vulnerability; the primary indicators, which aims to obtain empirical data based on registrationof wells being generated a data file for the preparation of thematic bases. The final step of the thesis deals with the evaluation of the measurement methodology of the intrinsic vulnerability, using a methodology that includes a list of variables selected for the application of the method are: Particle size (G); Lythology aquifer (A); Transmissivity (T); Static level (NE); and Hydraulic Conductivity (K), the analysis of the variables provided the proper understanding to compose the equation of the method used, and the name GATNEK acronym one of the variables.The vulnerability ranges from low to high, with moderate to high barriers system and to the Dunas System. This model allows with total security the natural vulnerability of calculation and risk of pollution to groundwater granular aquifers.
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FETISOVA, NATALYA. "Assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution on the territory of the Upper Kama salt deposit." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2497623.
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Murray, Andrew R. "A Dasymetric Approach to Estimating Domestic Groundwater Well Use in the United States." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479814340809441.
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St-Germain, Pascale L. "Evaluation of Well Seal Integrity and Its Relative Importance in Assessing Groundwater Quality." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20446.
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Unlike municipal water supplies, provincial regulations do not require systematic testing of domestic well water, which may adversely impact local residents should contamination occur. Private wells are typically shallow relative to municipal wells, and thus, are particularly vulnerable to sources of surficial contamination if preferential recharge pathways such as natural fractures or faulty seals are present.
In order to determine the relative importance of well seal integrity as a preferential pathway, a practical detection method was developed based on infiltrometry. This method successfully detected faulty well seals in a wide range of geological settings across Canada, including: Hobbema, Alberta; Lindsay, Ontario; and Chelsea, Québec. It was most successful in areas of minimal heterogeneity and where the surficial geology is composed of fine-grained sediments.
The community of Chelsea (Québec) was also the primary study site to examine a range of factors affecting water quality including physical characteristics, faulty well seals, other anthropogenic activities and seasonality. Water samples were collected over a period of 14 months and analyzed for bacteria and major-ion chemistry. The results show that the consideration of physical features alone is not enough to predict vulnerability in the study area. Seasonal fluctuations in ionic concentrations (e.g. ionic strength, NO3-N and Cl-) and coliform bacteria are observed and result from disperse and rapid recharge events. Multivariate analysis techniques (e.g. principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis) demonstrate that preferential recharge pathways and anthropogenic activities, such as domestic effluents affect the groundwater quality. The data and findings of this study were used to assist in the design of a probabilistic risk assessment model based on the Poisson distribution.
This study demonstrates the complexity and the challenges related to bacterial contamination in drilled wells. In spite of these challenges, this analysis was useful as a baseline to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities, and may be used in future studies to assist municipalities in the evaluation and protection of groundwater supplies.
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Adelana, Segun Michael Adegboyega. "Groundwater resource evaluation and protection in the Cape Flats, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5620_1298543516.
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<p>The analysis of geologic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic data interpreted to give the characteristics of the Cape Flats aquifer showed the quality of groundwater from the aquifer is suitable for development as a water resource. The conceptual model of the Cape Flats sand shows an unconfined sandy aquifer, grading into semi-confined conditions in some places where thick lenses of clay and peat exists. Recharge rates through the saturated zone of the Cape Flats aquifer have been determined by water table fluctuation (WTF), rainfall-recharge relationship, soil water balance and chloride mass balance methods (CMB). Recharge rates using the WTF vary considerably between wet and dry years and between locations, with a range of 17.3% to 47.5%. Values obtained from empirical rainfall-recharge equation (method 2) agree with those of the WTF. Recharge estimates from the water balance model are comparatively lower but are within the range calculated using empirical method 2 (i.e. 87 &ndash<br>194 mm or 4 &ndash<br>21% of MAP). These recharge rates also agree with estimates from the series of other methods applied to sites located in the north-western coast of Western Cape and are comparable to recharge rates obtained elsewhere in the world.</p>
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Stevenazzi, S. "TIME-DEPENDENT METHODS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF URBAN SPRAWL ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/359710.
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As groundwater resources are becoming more vulnerable due to the increasing number of contamination sources in developed and developing countries (such as urbanization and agricultural activities), practical actions, strategies and solutions to protect the resource are widely required. The most efficient tool, which helps supporting land use development, while protecting groundwater from contamination, is represented by groundwater vulnerability assessment. European Directives require member states, for the protection of groundwater quality, to assess the current groundwater quality status, detect changes or trends in groundwater quality, assess the threat of deterioration and predict future changes in groundwater quality. In order to cope with the EU requirements, this study focuses on the development of a time-dependent approach, which could take into account both the current groundwater quality status and its changes, assessing groundwater vulnerability to nitrate contamination in the Po Plain area of Lombardy Region, through a Bayesian spatial statistical method (Weights of Evidence). In addition, an innovative dataset to delineate urban areas with satellite scatterometer data (QuikSCAT-DSM) is explored. To evaluate its reliability in groundwater vulnerability assessments, QuikSCAT-DSM dataset is compared with population density and land use derived from aerial images. Results showed that: a) urbanization prevails on agricultural activities in causing the degradation of groundwater quality; b) QuikSCAT-DSM data is a reliable variable to represent urban nitrate sources, with the advantages of a worldwide coverage, a continuous data collection and an adequate resolution; c) the time-dependent approach allows to identify areas both affected by nitrate contamination and characterized by an upward concentration trend of contamination; d) the time-dependent approach allows to determine what could happen to groundwater resources if land use policies are maintained or new ones will be proposed and/or if natural factors are changing under climatic or anthropogenic stresses.
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Leyland, R. C. "Vulnerability mapping in karst terrains, exemplified in the wider Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02112009-171849/.
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Karim, Karim. "Assessing integrated watershed management and spatial groundwater vulnerability to pollution in priority watersheds of the Yacyreta Dam in Paraguay." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520824.
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Bovolato, Luís Eduardo [UNESP]. "Uso e gestão de águas subterrânea em Araguaína/TO." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105019.
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bovolato_le_dr_prud.pdf: 1892227 bytes, checksum: a9aeb196221c260182c29cb5bbb47456 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>A água subterrânea é de grande importância em termos econômicos e de saúde pública, tanto em áreas urbanas como em zonas rurais. A expansão urbana e as atividades associadas, principalmente para aquelas cidades cujo abastecimento é feito exclusivamente a partir da captação subterrânea, têm provocado transformações físicas e químicas nas reservas de água subterrânea, principalmente porque os efeitos da ocupação territorial estão diretamente ligados ao suprimento de água potável e à prática de disposição de efluentes no solo. A variabilidade e a intensidade da poluição das águas subterrâneas guarda relação com a vulnerabilidade do aqüífero, com as características dos esgotos e do arranjo dos sistemas de saneamento. A degradação da qualidade da água subterrânea por sua vez impacta a disponibilidade de suprimento de água. Este trabalho permitiu analisar a qualidade das águas subterrâneas na cidade de Araguaína frente ao processo de expansão urbana, cidade esta desprovida de um sistema de esgotamento sanitário. Utilizando uma metodologia já consagrada na literatura para a estimativa da vulnerabilidade à contaminaçào de aquíferos, produziu-se uma carta de vulnerabilidade para a área urbana de Araguaína e seu entorno. Esta carta de vulnerabilidade à contaminação poderá ser utilizada como ferramenta auxiliar em estudos de ordenamento territorial e planejamento urbano.<br>Groundwater is a matter of great concern with regard to economic issues and public health such in urban areas as in agricultural zones. The urban expansion and the related activities, mainly for those cities whose supply is made exclusively from the underground withdrawal, have raised physical and chemical transformations in the underground water wells, mainly because the territorial occupation effects are directly related to drinkable water supply and the practice that discharge effluent into the ground. The groundwater pollution variability and intensity is related to the aquifer vulnerability, sewers features and sanitation systems arrangement. Consequently, the degradation of underground water quality impacts the water supply availability. In this paper was possible to analyze the underground water quality in Araguaína city according to the urban expansion process. Beside, this city doesn't have a sewage system. Using a well-known literature methodology to estimate the aquifer contamination wear point, it was developed a vulnerability chart to Araguaina urban area and its around. This chart of vulnerability to contamination could be used as an auxiliary tool in studies of territorial ordering and urban planning.
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AGUIAR, Sara Camelo. "A relevância da água subterrânea para as famílias de Gado Bravo - PB diante da vulnerabilidade do município." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/917.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-20<br>Capes<br>O presente trabalho teve como área de estudo a zona rural do município de Gado Bravo, localizado na mesorregião do Agreste Paraibano e seu objetivo consistiu em analisar a relevância social, ambiental e econômica da água subterrânea para as famílias da zona rural de Gado Bravo diante da vulnerabilidade do município. Foi empregada uma abordagem quantiqualitativa e adotada uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, foi realizado um estudo espaçotemporal da degradação das terras de Gado Bravo e um georreferenciamento dos poços do município. Foram utilizadas técnicas de Processamento Digital das Imagens para estudar as imagens obtidas pelos satélites Landsat 5 e 8 e foram aplicados uma entrevista semiestruturada e um questionário a 83 famílias, o que corresponde a cerca de 5% do universo que é composto por 1.661 famílias. Conforme os resultados, o município possui baixos níveis de degradação e apresenta regeneração de algumas áreas devido à diminuição da prática da agricultura e a intensificação do plantio da palma forrageira consorciado com gramíneas. Quanto à percepção das famílias foi verificado que a água subterrânea possui grande relevância social e econômica, pois ela é condição essencial para a criação dos rebanhos que é a principal atividade econômica do município e seu uso não é condicionado a pagamento, sua presença é sinônimo de riqueza, porém sua relevância ambiental se encontra em parte comprometida em função do predominante desconhecimento das famílias a respeito da possibilidade de contaminação e finidade do recurso. Todos esses pontos relevantes da água subterrânea fazem frente aos significativos índices de vulnerabilidade social (43,97%), econômica (73,93%), tecnológica (68,65%) e hídrica (54,4%), que resultam de elementos como baixa escolaridade, presença marcante do atravessador na venda da produção das propriedades, baixa renda, inexistência de assistência técnica, desconhecimento de práticas de conservação, pouca duração da água armazenada e ausência de planejamento da produção.<br>The present work was to study area the rural municipality of Gado Bravo, located in the middle region of the Paraíba arid and its purpose was to analyze the social, environmental and economic importance of groundwater for rural families Gado Bravo before the county vulnerability. Was used a quantitative-qualitative approach and adopted a survey of the exploratory type, there was a space-time study of the degradation of Gado Bravo land and georeferencing of municipal wells. Digital processing techniques were used to study the images images taken by the Landsat satellites 5:08 and were applied one semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire to 83 families, which corresponds to about 5% of the universe is composed of 1,661 families. According to the results, the city has low levels of degradation and regeneration presents some areas due to the decrease of the practice of agriculture and the intensification of planting cactus intercropping with grasses. Regarding the perception of the families was found that the groundwater has great social and economic importance, as it is essential for the creation of herds is the main economic activity of the city and its use is not conditional on payment, your presence is synonymous with wealth, but their environmental relevance is compromised in part due to the prevailing ignorance of the families about the possibility of resource contamination and finiteness. All these important points of the groundwater are facing the significant social vulnerability index (43.97%), economic (73.93%), technology (68.65%) and water (54.4%), resulting from elements low education, strong presence of the middleman in the sale of production of properties, low income, lack of technical assistance, lack of conservation practices, short duration of stored water and lack of production planning.
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Garcia, Claudinei. "Avaliação do perigo à poluição das águas subterrâneas no município de Piracicaba SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154359.
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Previous issue date: 2018-06-04<br>Este trabalho buscou a avaliação do perigo à poluição das águas subterrâneas no município de Piracicaba, através da interação entre os índices de vulnerabilidade intrínseca e vulnerabilidade específica dos aquíferos aflorantes no município de Piracicaba, motivado pela importância estratégica destas fontes, pela ausência de estudos específicos locais e pela crescente demanda de exploração de cunho econômico da área de estudo. Para a análise dos índices de vulnerabilidade intrínseca, que define-se como a capacidade de atenuação natural do meio local à contaminação de determinado aquífero imposta por uma carga contaminante, utilizou-se do método GOD - groundwater hydraulic confinement; overlaying strata; depth to groundwater table (FOSTER, 1987; FOSTER; HIRATA, 1988), e para a avaliação da vulnerabilidade específica que considera a probabilidade de determinado sistema aquífero ser exposto a um contaminante, classe de contaminantes ou atividade contaminante, utilizou-se do método POSH - pollutant origin, surcharge hydraulically (FOSTER, et al., 2006) e da análise do potencial de contaminação das áreas urbanas e rurais por fontes de nitrato. A manipulação de dados envolveu informações de poços profundos outorgados, pedologia e litologia da área de estudo, informações de uso do solo e de fontes potenciais de contaminação local, obtidos de fontes públicas e privadas. A avaliação do perigo à poluição das águas subterrâneas, que pode ser definido como a interação entre a vulnerabilidade intrínseca e a vulnerabilidade específica, se deu pela interação dos resultados obtidos de vulnerabilidade intrínseca e da vulnerabilidade específica, cujos produtos finais se apresentam em forma de mapas situacionais ilustrativos. Embora a análise da vulnerabilidade intrínseca tenha produzido classes predominantes de baixa vulnerabilidade natural, a avaliação da vulnerabilidade específica para o município revelou, ao contrário, índices significativos de fontes potenciais contaminantes difusas e pontuais. Esta particularidade resultou em situação de médio perigo de poluição dos recursos subterrâneos locais para aproximadamente 74% dos pontos avaliados. Os resultados auferidos, embora contextuais objetivam em síntese identificar os locais onde é pertinente se intensificar recursos e esforços para estudos complementares e conclusivos, e constituem primeiro passo importante para a caracterização e avaliação dos riscos aos recursos hídricos subterrâneos locais, frente às novas imposições de demanda de usos de águas subterrâneas, oriundos do crescimento econômico e populacional, atrelados ao esgotamento das fontes de água superficiais.<br>This work sought to evaluate the danger to groundwater pollution in the municipality of Piracicaba through the interaction between intrinsic vulnerability indexes and specific vulnerability of outlying aquifers in the city of Piracicaba, motivated by the strategic importance of these sources due to the absence of specific local studies and by the growing demand for economic exploration of the study area. For the analysis of the intrinsic vulnerability indexes, which is defined as the natural attenuation capacity of the local environment to the contamination of a given aquifer imposed by a contaminant load, the GOD method was used - groundwater hydraulic confinement; overlaying strata; depth to groundwater table (FOSTER, HIRATA, 1988), and for the assessment of the specific vulnerability that considers the probability of a certain aquifer system being exposed to a contaminant, class of contaminants or contaminant activity, the POSH method - pollutant origin, surcharge hydraulically (FOSTER, et al., 2006) and the analysis of the potential of contamination of urban and rural areas by nitrate sources. Data manipulation involved information from deep wells, pedology and lithology of the study area, land use information and potential sources of local contamination obtained from public and private sources. The groundwater hazard assessment, which can be defined as the interaction between intrinsic vulnerability and specific vulnerability, was the interaction of the results obtained from intrinsic vulnerability and specific vulnerability, the final products of which are presented in the form of maps illustrative situations. Although the analysis of intrinsic vulnerability has produced predominant classes of low natural vulnerability, the assessment of specific vulnerability to the municipality revealed, on the contrary, significant indices of potential diffuse and point source contaminants. This particularity resulted in a situation of average danger of pollution of the local underground resources to approximately 74% of the assessed points. The results obtained, although contextual, aim in a synthesis to identify the places where it is pertinent to intensify resources and efforts for complementary and conclusive studies, and constitute important first step for the characterization and evaluation of the risks to the local groundwater resources, in face of the new impositions of demand of groundwater uses, derived from economic and population growth, linked to the depletion of surface water sources.
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Samuels, Donovan. "Hydraulic properties of the vadose zone at two typical sites in the Western Cape for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability to pollution." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6812_1216299974.
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<p>Aquifer vulnerability assessment is increasingly becoming a very significant basis in order to fulfill the water demands in South Africa. Knowledge of soil hydraulic properties that consists of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions is a prerequisite for predicting solution transport in soils. The overall objective of the study was to develop a database of hydraulic properties for collected undisturbed samples and to test selected models by making use of this database.</p>
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Escada, Denise Cristina dos Santos. "Mapeamento da vulnerabilidade e perigo a contaminação das aguas subterraneas do municipio de Cajamar - SP." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287645.
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O intenso crescimento da ocupação territorial no município de Cajamar (SP), inserido na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), e a ocupação desordenada da região têm gerado perigo à contaminação das águas subterrâneas do município. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver um mapa da vulnerabilidade e perigo à contaminação dessas águas, através da aplicação do método GOD (Groundwater ocurrence, Overall aquifer class, Depth to groundwater table), com adaptações para uso na região em estudo, bem como com a análise de possíveis cargas contaminantes por tipologias. Para a vulnerabilidade, o procedimento utilizado foi a análise dos mapas do município em estudo, com a interpolação das informações, definindo os diferentes níveis de vulnerabilidade natural. Já para a análise do perigo à contaminação da área em estudo o procedimento adotado consistiu em associar as condições da vulnerabilidade natural com o diagnóstico de três variáveis: porte dos empreendimentos; situação dos mesmos junto à CETESB; e as estruturas de prevenção à contaminação de cada empreendimento analisado. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, identificou-se vulnerabilidade de baixa à extrema, com predominância de vulnerabilidade moderada (devido a formação geológica predominante de xistos e filitos). Entretanto, também foram observados níveis consideráveis de vulnerabilidade alta (nas áreas de sedimentos quaternários e terciários da FM SP e correlatos) e extrema (nas áreas com ocorrências de calcário). Dos empreendimentos analisados, constatou-se que 42,62% encontram-se em áreas de vulnerabilidade média, 21,31% em áreas de vulnerabilidade alta e 36,06% em áreas de vulnerabilidade extrema. Com relação ao perigo que estes empreendimentos representam à qualidade das águas subterrâneas, averiguou-se que 1,64% apresentam perigo muito baixo, 1,64% baixo, 31,15% moderado, 54,10% perigo alto, e 11,47% perigo extremo à contaminação. A análise do perigo à contaminação contempla 14 postos de combustíveis, dos quais 3 apresentam perigo moderado e 11 perigo alto; 4 mineradoras, 3 apresentando perigo alto e 1 perigo moderado; 11 lavanderias industriais, 6 apresentando perigo moderado e 5 perigo alto; 6 mecânicas, 3 apresentando perigo alto e 3 perigo extremo; 2 transportadoras de cargas, ambas apresentando perigo extremo; 1 pátio de ônibus e caminhões, que apresenta perigo extremo; 23 indústrias, 1 apresenta perigo muito baixo, 1 perigo baixo, 9 perigo moderado, 11 perigo alto e 1 perigo extremo; e 1 cemitério, que apresenta perigo extremo.<br>Abstract: The fast urban growth occurring in Cajamar city (SP), which belongs to São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR), and an unplanned land use from this region had generated contamination riskS for groundwater. This document has the objective to develop a vulnerability and risk map for the groundwater contamination using the GOD method (Groundwater ocurrence, Overall aquifer class, Depth to groundwater table), WITH adaptations for the region observed, as well as to analyze potential contamination loads caused by activities typologies. For vulnerability, the procedure utilized was to interpolate maps (aquifer classification, geology and drenage density, springs density and water levels), defining the different levels of natural vulnerability. To analyze the contamination risk for the study area, the adopted procedures consist to associate the natural vulnerability with the diagnostics from three variables: the company size, the environmental license status on CETESB and the prevention methods to avoid contamination from the groundwater by each company analyzed. According to the results, a low to severe range of vulnerability was identified, with prevalence to moderate vulnerability (with prevalence of schist and phyllites due to geological formation), however levels of HIGH vulnerability (areas with tertiary and quaternary sediments from SP FM and correlated) and severe (on karstic areas) were observed. On the companies analyzed, were observed that 42.62% had an moderate vulnerability, 21.31% high vulnerability and 36.06% severe vulnerability. The risk that these companies COULD represent for the quality of groundwater was classified as 1.64% represents a very low risk, 1.64% represents a low risk, 31.1% represents a moderate risk, 54% represents a high risk and 11.4% represent a severe risk of contamination. 14 gas stations presented from moderate risk (3 units) to high risk (11 units); 4 mining companies, from moderate risk (3) to high risk (1); in 11 industrial laundry there were 6 classified in moderate risk and 5 high risk; 6 car shop, from 3 presented high risk to 3 severe risk; 2 cargo companies that presented high severe risk (both); 1 bus and truck parking lot that had presented a severe risk; in 23 industries, 1 had presented a very low risk, 1 a low risk, 9 moderate risk, 11 high risk and 1 a severe risk; and 1 cemetery had presented a severe risk.<br>Mestrado<br>Geologia e Recursos Naturais<br>Mestre em Geociências
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Furtado, Zeide Nogueira de Camargo [UNESP]. "Vulnerabilidade dos recursos hídricos subsuperficiais na área urbana central do município de Araçatuba-SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98104.
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furtado_znc_me_ilha.pdf: 7498341 bytes, checksum: e4e11c23541b0d9c2daab790151c0057 (MD5)<br>A intensificação da ocupação do solo e dos usos múltiplos dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, nas áreas urbanas, vem comprometendo a qualidade natural das águas subterrâneas. Na zona central urbana do município de Araçatuba (SP), área de interesse do estudo de pesquisa, a exploração dessas águas por atividades comerciais e residenciais (solução alternativa de consumo) é elevada e apresenta um acréscimo acentuado em virtude do aumento populacional e desenvolvimento econômico da região. Localmente, o recurso hídrico subterrâneo de interesse é representado pelo Aqüífero Bauru que se comporta como um aqüífero livre, cujo lençol freático encontra-se em sub-superfície, nos sedimentos inconsolidados da formação Adamantina (Grupo Bauru). Com a utilização do método GOD (FOSTER, et al. 2002) adotado nesta pesquisa, foi possível a determinação dos índices de vulnerabilidade para o aqüífero local, classificando-o como de Extrema Vulnerabilidade, nos fundos dos vales das drenagens locais (Córregos Machadinho e Machado de Mello e Ribeirão Baguaçu); e de Alta Vulnerabilidade nas áreas mais elevadas situadas ao longo dos divisores de água. A Carta de Vulnerabilidade à Contaminação dos Recursos Hídricos Subsuperficiais da área de estudo reúne informações que podem subsidiar políticas públicas de prevenção, controle e restrição do uso do solo local frente às exigências das águas subterrâneas e do planejamento urbano.<br>Intensification of urban land use and multiple uses of groundwater in urban areas has been responsible by damages in groundwater quality. This study was developed in Araçatuba (SP) central urban area, where groundwater exploitation to business and residential uses is high and shows great increase due to increasing population and economic development in the region. Locally, groundwater exploitation has been developed in Bauru Aquifer, whose behaves as a free aquifer, storing water in sand poorly consolidated sediments in Adamantina Formation (Bauru groundwater exploitation). Using GOD method (FOSTER, et al. 2002), this study makes possible vulnerability indices determination for the local aquifer, resulting High Vulnerability in elevated areas such hill tops, and Extreme Vulnerability in bottom valleys of local drainage courses (e.g. Machadinho and Machado de Mello Streams, Baguaçu River). Vulnerability Chart to Natural Contamination of Groundwater the area presents information that can support public policies for prevention, control and restriction of land use, considering groundwater demands and urban planning.
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Moura, Pamella. "Vulnerabilidade de aquÃferos: uso dos mÃtodos DRASTIC e GOD na porÃÃo norte do complexo industrial e portuÃrio do PecÃm, Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12536.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Este trabalho foi realizado na porÃÃo norte do Complexo Industrial e PortuÃrio do PecÃm, localizado na RegiÃo Metropolitana de Fortaleza (CE), e teve por objetivo avaliar a vulnerabilidade dos aquÃferos por meio dos mÃtodos DRASTIC e GOD e caracterizaÃÃo do perigo de contaminaÃÃo. Realizou-se quatro etapas de monitoramento em 24 poÃos ao longo de 2013, onde verificou-se a presenÃa de trÃs sistemas aquÃferos: Dunas, Barreiras e Fissural. Os parÃmetros monitorados foram: pH, temperatura, condutividade elÃtrica, sÃlidos totais dissolvidos, salinidade e nÃvel estÃtico. A medidas de pH permitiram classificar as Ãguas subterrÃneas como Ãcidas. As concentraÃÃes de SÃlidos Totais Dissolvidos encontram-se dentro dos padrÃes de potabilidade e permitiram classificar as Ãguas como âÃguas docesâ. O mÃtodo DRASTIC apresentou Ãndices entre muito baixo a muito alto, com predomÃnio de vulnerabilidade alta a muito alta, associadas ao AquÃfero Dunas, e vulnerabilidade moderada associada ao AquÃfero Barreiras. As Ãreas de baixa e muito baixa vulnerabilidade ocorrem em porÃÃes do Barreiras com nÃvel estÃtico mais profundo e no AquÃfero Fissural. O nÃvel estÃtico, a recarga e zona vadosa foram os parÃmetros que mais influenciaram estes resultados. O mÃtodo GOD apresentou Ãndices entre moderado e alto, com alta vulnerabilidade associada ao AquÃfero Dunas, e vulnerabilidade moderada associada aos AquÃferos Barreiras e Fissural. O nÃvel estÃtico foi o parÃmetro que mais influenciou os resultados deste mÃtodo. Nos dois mÃtodos, o mapeamento da vulnerabilidade apresentou contornos muito prÃximos aos do mapeamento geolÃgico, o que sugere forte influÃncia da litologia no processo de avaliaÃÃo. As atividades presentes na Ãrea foram classificadas com potencial de carga contaminante entre moderado e elevado. O perigo de contaminaÃÃo obtido pelo mÃtodo GOD e pelo potencial de carga contaminante indicou o predomÃnio de Ãreas de perigo moderado. Os resultados sugerem que a vulnerabilidade dos aquÃferos e o perigo de contaminaÃÃo foram subestimados na instalaÃÃo do complexo, no que concerne à Ãrea onde cada atividade industrial poderia ser instalada. Na comparaÃÃo entre os mÃtodos, o mÃtodo DRASTIC apresentou melhores resultados para estudos que requeiram maior detalhamento, como EIA/Rimas e Planos Diretores. O mÃtodo GOD apresentou resultados mais satisfatÃrios para estudos regionais, como zoneamentos territoriais. Os resultados tambÃm reiteram a fragilidade ambiental de grande parte da Ãrea destinada à instalaÃÃo do complexo industrial, e reforÃam a necessidade de monitoramento das atividades industriais no que diz respeito a prevenÃÃo de contaminaÃÃes.<br>This work was carried out in the northern portion of Industrial and Portuary Complex of PecÃm, located in Fortaleza Metropolitan Region, Cearà State, Brazil, and aims to evaluate aquifer vulnerability through DRASTIC and GOD methods, and characterization of aquifer pollution hazard. In 2013, four steps of monitoring were made for 24 wells, from which it was possible to identify three main aquifer systems: Dunas, Barreiras and Fraturado. The monitored parameters were: pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, temperature, salinity, and water table. The pH results allowed classifying the groundwater as acids.Total dissolved solids concentrations are inside of the potability pattern and allowed classifying the groundwater as fresh water. The major acidity and salt concentrations were found during the dry season. The water table has average depth around 5 meters. The DRASTIC method showed indices between very low and very high, with predominance of high and very high vulnerability associated to the Dunas Aquifer, and moderate vulnerability associated to the Barreiras Aquifer. Areas with low and very low vulnerability occur in portions of the Barreiras Aquifer where the water table is most deep, and in the Fraturado Aquifer. Water table, recharge, and vadose zone were the parameters that most influenced these results. The GOD method showed indices between moderate and high, with high vulnerability associated to the Dunas Aquifer, and moderate vulnerability associated to the Barreiras and Fraturado aquifers. Water table was the parameter that most influenced the results of this method. In both methods, the vulnerability mapping showed contours very close to the ones of the geologic map, suggesting strong influence of the lithology in the evaluating process. Activities developed in the area were classified with subsurface contaminant load potential moderate and high. Aquifer pollution hazard obtained by GOD vulnerability and subsurface contaminant load potential indicates the dominance of areas with moderate pollution hazard. The results suggest that aquifer vulnerability and aquifer pollution hazard were underestimated during the construction of the industrial complex, regarding the area where each activity should be building. Comparing both methods, DRASTIC showed better results for studies that requires greater details, as EIAs and Master Plans. The GOD method showed better results for regional studies, as land zonings. The results also reaffirms the environmental fragility of great part of the area intended to the industrial complex, and reinforce the need for monitoring the industrial activities regarding pollution prevention.
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Bovolato, Luís Eduardo. "Uso e gestão de águas subterrânea em Araguaína/TO /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105019.
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Orientador: João Osvaldo Rodrigues Nunes<br>Banca: José Tadeu Tommaselli<br>Banca: Encarnita Salas Martin<br>Banca: Antonio Carlos Vitte<br>Banca: Marcos Tadeu de Freitas Suita<br>Resumo: A água subterrânea é de grande importância em termos econômicos e de saúde pública, tanto em áreas urbanas como em zonas rurais. A expansão urbana e as atividades associadas, principalmente para aquelas cidades cujo abastecimento é feito exclusivamente a partir da captação subterrânea, têm provocado transformações físicas e químicas nas reservas de água subterrânea, principalmente porque os efeitos da ocupação territorial estão diretamente ligados ao suprimento de água potável e à prática de disposição de efluentes no solo. A variabilidade e a intensidade da poluição das águas subterrâneas guarda relação com a vulnerabilidade do aqüífero, com as características dos esgotos e do arranjo dos sistemas de saneamento. A degradação da qualidade da água subterrânea por sua vez impacta a disponibilidade de suprimento de água. Este trabalho permitiu analisar a qualidade das águas subterrâneas na cidade de Araguaína frente ao processo de expansão urbana, cidade esta desprovida de um sistema de esgotamento sanitário. Utilizando uma metodologia já consagrada na literatura para a estimativa da vulnerabilidade à contaminaçào de aquíferos, produziu-se uma carta de vulnerabilidade para a área urbana de Araguaína e seu entorno. Esta carta de vulnerabilidade à contaminação poderá ser utilizada como ferramenta auxiliar em estudos de ordenamento territorial e planejamento urbano.<br>Abstract: Groundwater is a matter of great concern with regard to economic issues and public health such in urban areas as in agricultural zones. The urban expansion and the related activities, mainly for those cities whose supply is made exclusively from the underground withdrawal, have raised physical and chemical transformations in the underground water wells, mainly because the territorial occupation effects are directly related to drinkable water supply and the practice that discharge effluent into the ground. The groundwater pollution variability and intensity is related to the aquifer vulnerability, sewers features and sanitation systems arrangement. Consequently, the degradation of underground water quality impacts the water supply availability. In this paper was possible to analyze the underground water quality in Araguaína city according to the urban expansion process. Beside, this city doesn't have a sewage system. Using a well-known literature methodology to estimate the aquifer contamination wear point, it was developed a vulnerability chart to Araguaina urban area and its around. This chart of vulnerability to contamination could be used as an auxiliary tool in studies of territorial ordering and urban planning.<br>Doutor
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Furtado, Zeide Nogueira de Camargo. "Vulnerabilidade dos recursos hídricos subsuperficiais na área urbana central do município de Araçatuba-SP /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98104.
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Resumo: A intensificação da ocupação do solo e dos usos múltiplos dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, nas áreas urbanas, vem comprometendo a qualidade natural das águas subterrâneas. Na zona central urbana do município de Araçatuba (SP), área de interesse do estudo de pesquisa, a exploração dessas águas por atividades comerciais e residenciais (solução alternativa de consumo) é elevada e apresenta um acréscimo acentuado em virtude do aumento populacional e desenvolvimento econômico da região. Localmente, o recurso hídrico subterrâneo de interesse é representado pelo Aqüífero Bauru que se comporta como um aqüífero livre, cujo lençol freático encontra-se em sub-superfície, nos sedimentos inconsolidados da formação Adamantina (Grupo Bauru). Com a utilização do método GOD (FOSTER, et al. 2002) adotado nesta pesquisa, foi possível a determinação dos índices de vulnerabilidade para o aqüífero local, classificando-o como de Extrema Vulnerabilidade, nos fundos dos vales das drenagens locais (Córregos Machadinho e Machado de Mello e Ribeirão Baguaçu); e de Alta Vulnerabilidade nas áreas mais elevadas situadas ao longo dos divisores de água. A Carta de Vulnerabilidade à Contaminação dos Recursos Hídricos Subsuperficiais da área de estudo reúne informações que podem subsidiar políticas públicas de prevenção, controle e restrição do uso do solo local frente às exigências das águas subterrâneas e do planejamento urbano.<br>Abstract: Intensification of urban land use and multiple uses of groundwater in urban areas has been responsible by damages in groundwater quality. This study was developed in Araçatuba (SP) central urban area, where groundwater exploitation to business and residential uses is high and shows great increase due to increasing population and economic development in the region. Locally, groundwater exploitation has been developed in Bauru Aquifer, whose behaves as a free aquifer, storing water in sand poorly consolidated sediments in Adamantina Formation (Bauru groundwater exploitation). Using GOD method (FOSTER, et al. 2002), this study makes possible vulnerability indices determination for the local aquifer, resulting High Vulnerability in elevated areas such hill tops, and Extreme Vulnerability in bottom valleys of local drainage courses (e.g. Machadinho and Machado de Mello Streams, Baguaçu River). Vulnerability Chart to Natural Contamination of Groundwater the area presents information that can support public policies for prevention, control and restriction of land use, considering groundwater demands and urban planning.<br>Orientador: José Augusto de Lollo<br>Coorientador: Jefferson Nascimento de Oliveira<br>Banca: Milton Dall'Aglio Sobrinho<br>Banca: Samir Felicio Barcha<br>Mestre
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Meaulo, Fábio José [UNESP]. "Vulnerabilidade natural à poluição dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos da área de Araraquara (SP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92800.
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meaulo_fj_me_rcla.pdf: 5076114 bytes, checksum: f464c3b07acab15cd2c1d70bcf7f7943 (MD5)<br>Atualmente o crescimento desordenado dos centros urbanos brasileiros tem resultado em sérios problemas ambientais. Esses problemas podem ser minimizados e/ou evitados a partir de estudos específicos no meio físico. A área de estudo de 270 Km2 abrange a zona urbana e parte da zona rural do município de Araraquara (SP), região central do Estado de São Paulo. Está inserida no contexto geológico da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. Ocorrem litologias das formações Botucatu, Serra Geral, Adamantina, sedimentos correlatos e sistemas aqüíferos correspondentes. A estratégia metodológica adotada nesta pesquisa foi: revisão bibliográfica; trabalhos de campo; trabalho laboratorial; integração dos dados e análise dos resultados do método de mapeamento da vulnerabilidade natural de aqüíferos (FOSTER et al., 2002). Os índices de vulnerabilidade natural das formações geológicas são: Botucatu e Serra Geral (Alta), Adamantina (Baixa a Moderada) e os sedimentos recentes (Extrema). O mapa de vulnerabilidade natural à poluição dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos da área de Araraquara (SP, 1:50.000) e o ensaio de aplicação do mapa são instrumentos que reúnem um conjunto de informações capaz de subsidiar todo tipo de intervenção antrópica no meio físico, contribuindo para as tomadas de decisões governamentais e para a elaboração de programas de políticas públicas ambientais.<br>Currently the disorientated growth of the Brazilian urban centers has resulted in serious environmental problems. These problems can be minimized and/or be prevented by specific environmental studies. The studies developed in 270 Km2 (urban and part of the rural zone) of Araraquara city (SP), located on center region of the São Paulo State. The geologic mapping of the study area is located in the NE of the Paraná Sedimentary Basin. The litoestratigrafic and aquifers systems sequence is formed by: Botucatu Formation; Serra Geral Formation; Adamantina Formation; Cenozoic sediments. The adopted methodological strategy in this research was: bibliography revision; field works; laboratorial work; integration of the data and analysis of the results of the method of mapping of the natural vulnerability of aquifer (FOSTER et al., 2002). The natural units of vulnerability are: low to moderate (Adamantina Formation); high (formations Serra Geral and Botucatu); extreme (Cenozoic sediments). The mapping of natural vulnerability to groundwater of Araraquara area (SP, 1:50.000) and the test of application of the map are instruments that congregate a group of information capable to subsidize all type of anthropogenic intervention in the environment, contributing for governmental decisions and the elaboration of public politics to environmental programs.
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Gomes, Rodrigo Dutra. "Aspectos da contaminação do aquifero livre do Municipio de Pereira Barreto/SP." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287175.
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Orientadores: Carlos Roberto Espindola, Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T06:16:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Procurou-se detectar alguns aspectos ligados à possibilidade de contaminação do aqüífero livre do município de Pereira Barreto. Com a implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica de Três Irmãos, ocorreu uma elevação generalizada do aqüífero livre, da região, suscetibilizando-o a receber influências negativas da superfície. Foram realizadas análises de nitrato (N-NO3) em amostras colhidas nos poços de monitoramento distribuídos na área urbana deste município. Foram realizados Mapeamento da Vulnerabilidade e de Riscos no entorno da área urbana, aplicando a metodologia GOD e utilizados os preceitos teóricometodológicos adotados em abordagem sistêmica, considerando homem-natureza de uma forma integrada. Observou-se que as diferenciações nas concentrações de nitrato estão ligadas ao uso e ocupação superficial. Na maioria dos poços que apresentam concentrações acima dos padrões aceitáveis pela Portaria 518 do Ministério da Saúde, estas estão vinculadas às cargas de nitrogênio impostas pelo cemitério municipal. No mapeamento da vulnerabilidade foram encontradas, em sua maioria, classes de moderada a alta vulnerabilidade, estas últimas localizadas ao redor dos cursos d'águas, associadas às baixas profundidades do freático. A delimitação das áreas de maiores riscos à contaminação, indicadas no mapa, também aponta para uma associação com a forma de uso e ocupação superficial. Assim, as áreas detentoras de cultivo agrícola, em que se empregam consideráveis cargas de fertilizantes nitrogenados ou pesticidas, compostos por substâncias danosas persistentes e móveis, foram classificadas como de alto risco. Dessa maneira, os problemas ambientais encontrados não representam mais do que uma forma sob a qual a problemática social se expressa. Empreendimentos como Usinas Hidroelétricas podem alterar a vulnerabilidade das águas subterrâneas, deixando-as mais susceptíveis a receberem contaminações da superfície. Além disso, observa-se que as mais significativas fontes de contaminação estão diretamente associadas tanto ao processo produtivo (cultivos), quanto aos problemas de infra-estrutura urbana (lixões, fossas sépticas etc)<br>Abstract: This work aims to detect some aspects related to the probable contamination of the unconfined groundwater located in Pereira Barreto city. The up rising of the unconfined groundwater, due to the construction of the Hidreletric dams of Três Irmãos in this area, which contributed to the of contamination susceptibility from surface. To detect possible contamination, N-NO3 analysis in water, colected from monitoring wells located along urban areas, was carried out. Vulnerability and Risc maps were made using methods GOD. The theoretical-methodological roles used by systemic approaching were used, considering man and nature as integrated form. As results, was observed that the differentiations in the nitrate concentrations is due to the surface use and occupation. Most of the weels that shown nitrate concentration up to the limit, proposed by Health Department (Decree 518), was due to the nitrogen charges from municipal cemetery. As vulnerability results, was observed medium and high levels, mainly near and around water flows, associated to unconfined groundwater low depth in this location. High vulnerability risc area delimitation (showed in risc maps) is also related to area use and occupation. Thus, areas with agriculture activities, that use considerable loads of nitrate fertilizers and pesticides with toxic and mobile compounds, was classified as high risc areas. The environmental problems founded in the area, represents a minor part of the social problem expressed in the study location. Thus, construction and activities like hydroelectric power plants can modify the vulnerability of groundwaters, leaving them susceptible to receive contamination from surface. In second hand, was observed that the most significant contamination sources are from agricutural activities and urban infrastructure like landfills and domestic sewage<br>Mestrado<br>Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial<br>Mestre em Geografia