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1
Samoilys, M. A. Review of the underwater visual census method developed by DPI/ACIAR project: Visual assessment of reef fish stocks : discussion group workshop proceedings, Townsville, 11 December 1991. Brisbane: Dept. of Primary Industries, 1992.
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2
Talking points: Discussion activities in the primary classroom. New York, NY: Routledge, 2011.
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3
Learning more and teaching less: A decade of innovation in self-instruction and small group learning. Guildford, Surrey: Society for Research into Higher Education & NFER-NELSON, 1985.
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5
1964-, Krupp Vicki Levy, ed. The kids' book club book: Reading ideas, recipes, activities, and smart tips for organizing terrific kids' book clubs. New York, N.Y: Penguin Group, 2007.
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6
Fuchsel, Catherine. Group Format and Group Work. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672829.003.0005.
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This chapter specifically describes how to facilitate groups, teaching and instructional methods, roles and responsibilities for facilitators, and cultural awareness in the Sí, Yo Puedo program. The chapter describes the importance of understanding the cultural dynamics among group members, diversity in groups, and the dual role and self-disclosure elements in facilitating groups. An examination of group process and empowerment is discussed. Finally, a step-by-step guide on how to set up and structure the groups is reviewed. Specific attention is paid to how to conduct intakes, managing a crisis in groups, the importance of assessment for domestic violence and safety planning, confidentiality and mandatory reporting, information on legal issues, and providing resources to immigrant Latina women. A discussion of ongoing support after the completing the program is addressed.
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Rabow, Jerome, Michelle Charness, Johanna Kipperman, and Susan Vasile. Learning through Discussion. 3rd ed. Sage Publications, Inc, 1994.
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Rabow, Jerome, Michelle Charness, Johanna Kipperman, and Susan Vasile. Learning through Discussion. 3rd ed. Sage Publications, Inc, 1994.
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9
Dewar, Jacqueline M. Evidence: From Interviews, Focus Groups, and Think-Alouds. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821212.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 gives detailed instructions for gathering evidence through focus groups, interviews, and think-alouds. When seeking to answer questions about science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) student thinking, motivation, attitudes, or underlying reasons for certain behaviors, a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) investigator should consider using one or more of these methods even though they may be unfamiliar. Numerous examples are given of studies of student learning in science, engineering, and mathematics that employed these methods. The investigator is advised to select a method that is appropriate for the type of research question—What works? What is? What could be? The chapter closes with a discussion of the key role that student voices play in SoTL, including the positive outcomes resulting from several projects that engaged students as co-investigators or provided undergraduate research experience in pedagogical research.
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Sargent, Thomas J. Stopping Moderate Inflations: The Methods of Poincaré and Thatcher. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158709.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the methods adopted by British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her French counterpart Raymond Poincaré to reduce the rate of inflation. Advocates of the two main groups of contemporary theories about inflation dynamics could have told Mrs. Thatcher that achieving that goal would be difficult. The first group consists of the “momentum” or “core inflation” theories, while the second group comprises the rational expectations-equilibrium theories. The chapter first provides an overview of the so-called Poincaré miracle before discussing Mrs. Thatcher's plan. It then considers the nature of the British government deficit, along with Britain's prospective revenues from North Sea oil that coincided with a simultaneous appreciation of the pound sterling. Finally, it compares Mrs. Thatcher's policies with respect to the coordination of monetary and fiscal policy with those of U.S. President Ronald Reagan.
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Jerome, Rabow, and Hill William Fawcett 1918-, eds. William Fawcett Hill's learning through discussion. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1994.
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12
Morrison, Margaret. The Non-Causal Character of Renormalization Group Explanations. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777946.003.0011.
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After reviewing some of the recent literature on non-causal and mathematical explanation, this chapter develops an argument as to why renormalization group (RG) methods should be seen as providing non-causal, yet physical, information about certain kinds of systems/phenomena. The argument centres on the structural character of RG explanations and the relationship between RG and probability theory. These features are crucial for the claim that the non-causal status of RG explanations involves something different from simply ignoring or “averaging over” microphysical details—the kind of explanations common to statistical mechanics. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of RG in treating dynamical systems and how that role exemplifies the structural aspects of RG explanations which in turn exemplifies the non-causal features.
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Searle, Robert D. Early discussions on a mechanistic approach to pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0042.
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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter is ‘Towards a mechanism-based classification of pain?’, published by Woolf et al. in 1998. One of the great challenges of managing patients with pain problems has been the idiosyncratic response of patients to therapies designed to improve their symptoms. In part, this has been the consequence of imperfect methods of classifying pain. If it is not possible to robustly categorize patients into common pain groups, how can it be hoped that successful treatments that translate well from the research setting into clinical practice will be developed? In this landmark editorial, Clifford Woolf and his co-authors attempted to address imperfections in historical pain classification systems with a novel approach based on pain mechanisms.
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Richards, Ronnie. “What’s Your Name, Where Are You From, and What Have You Had?”. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.18.
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This discussion considers the utopian/dystopian dialect in relation to Acid House culture in Leeds during the late 1980s. It utilizes an ethnographic, autoethnographic, and fictional/nonfictional narrative method to illustrate the key signifiers and relations of Acid House culture, including utopian ideals, social class, and the significance of geographical location. Overall the chapter serves to illustrate the significance of individual and group identities, the importance of embodiment and the changing intersection of social constructs such as class. Chas Critcher had defined Acid House as “no more that music associated with LSD,” but this chapter highlights the richly textured sense of feeling, space, place, and social relations that demonstrate Acid House was something much more than that. This chapter also has a direct association with the themes of agency, identity, meaning, and cultural appropriation.
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Boudreau, Joseph F., and Eric S. Swanson. Quantum field theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198708636.003.0024.
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Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques are developed to compute properties of a variety of quantum field theories. The method is introduced with a simple scalar field theory and used to evaluate the particle spectrum and phase diagram for parity symmetry breaking. The technique of micorcanonical updating is introduced to increase efficiency. The important topic of gauge theory is then introduced via the gauged Z2 model. Development of the gauge theory formalism continues with Abelian gauge theory in two dimensions. The interaction between static charges is computed and compared to the exact result. The string tension in nonableian SU(2) gauge theory is explored with the aid of the renormalization group, which gives an entrée to a discussion of the Higgs mechanism. Finally, the formalism for including fermions is briefly reviewed.
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Brewer, Ilma M. Learning More and Teaching Less: Decade of Innovation in Self-instruction and Small Group Learning. Open U.P., 1987.
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17
Godfrey, Barry, Pam Cox, Heather Shore, and Zoe Alker. Our Sample and Our Sources. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788492.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 sets out the methods we used to trace 400 children who passed through the four institutions covered in the study, as well as a smaller group of their siblings (50) and others who received alternative court disposals (50). Using some of the most comprehensive sets of official and personal data ever assembled for a historical study of this kind, we have constructed 500 personal life grids. While some of our life grids are skeletal, most are full of rich personal data. In this chapter, we outline the key primary sources used, the rationale for selecting our core sample and ‘control group’, the challenges of combining historical life course and digital research methods, notably the challenges of tracing women’s lives in this context, and a final discussion around the ethics of historical life course research.
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Uberoi, J. P. S. Mind and Society. Edited by Khalid Tyabji. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199495986.001.0001.
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Seamless in approach and rigour of method and seated very much in the post-modern present, this book spans a wide spectrum of historical periods, cultures, religions, regions and politics. This is a reflection of the author’s search for a theory of vernacular pluralism suitable for Indian society and modernity. The book has three sections. The first engages with the question of swaraj or independent nationalism versus internationalism in the context of knowledge, programmes of research and the university as a social institution. The essays are written to represent the author’s viewpoint on the political conflict between imperialism and nationalism as it relates to the academic pursuit of knowledge in the university and the profession. The second group of essays comprises selected critical reflections on aspects of the modern Western world, academic, theoretical and practical, all here considered as inherently social, but remaining unexamined in our everyday life and practice. They begin with questions of social science and philosophy and conclude with a discussion on the working lives of the industrial worker (West) and the ecological household farmer (East). The third group of essays explores the original project of a vernacular Indian modernity in relation to the Hindu and Muslim cultures of medieval India and in the context of Sikhism as an example of Indian modernity. The thrust of this final section is to establish the ground for a concept of society in the vernacular usage, labour and language, rather than in the concept of ‘tradition’ as general social science and the Orientalist classicists have hitherto done.
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Nezu, Arthur M., Christine Maguth Nezu, Lauren M. Greenberg, and Kristin Salber. Cancer and Depression. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.005.
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The authors focus on cancer, a group of medical diseases that have been found to have a robust association with depression. It begins with the etiology of cancers, followed by information about the prevalence of depression among cancer patients and a discussion of shared risk and causal factors of both depression and cancer. The authors then discuss assessment of depression among cancer patients, including diagnostic approaches, methods of detection, and measures of depression. This is followed by a section on psychosocial interventions for depression in cancer patients and clinical practice guidelines.
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Wiebe, Peter H., Ann Bucklin, and Mark Benfield. Sampling, Preservation and Counting of Samples II: Zooplankton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0010.
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This chapter reviews traditional and new zooplankton sampling techniques, sample preservation, and sample analysis, and provides the sources where in-depth discussion of these topics is addressed. The net systems that have been developed over the past 100+ years, many of which are still in use today, can be categorized into eight groups: non-opening/closing nets, simple opening/closing nets, high-speed samplers, neuston samplers, planktobenthos plankton nets, closing cod-end samplers, multiple net systems, and moored plankton collection systems. Methods of sample preservation include preservation for sample enumeration and taxonomic morphological analysis, and preservation of samples for genetic analysis. Methods of analysis of zooplankton samples include determination of biomass, taxonomic composition, and size by traditional methods; and genetic analysis of zooplankton samples.
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Birks, Daniel. Computer Simulations. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.36.
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In recent years, the field of social simulation has been dominated by the individual, or agent-based, computational model (ABM). ABMs provide unique means to explore complex social systems by allowing researchers to construct explicit models of the individual actors and interactions that make them up - people, peer groups, companies, nations, trade, reproduction, victimization, and so on, This chapter aims to provide the reader with a primer in the social simulation method and in particular the application of ABM in the field of environmental criminology. It begins by discussing the rationale behind the ABM approach. Subsequently, drawing on two illustrative simulations, it summarizes fundamental processes involved in designing, constructing, verifying, calibrating, validating, and utilizing ABM. It concludes by discussing some of the overarching strengths and limitations of the approach, and by discussing several areas of research that might aid in furthering the use of ABM within the field of environmental criminology.
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William H, Boothby. 9 Poison, Poisoned Weapons, Asphyxiating Gases, Biological and Chemical Weapons. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198728504.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 looks at a group of weapon technologies. The long-standing and customary prohibition of the use of poisons and of poisoned weapons is examined first. Then the discussion addresses efforts in 1899 to address the use of asphyxiating gases, pointing out that a prohibition on use was only achieved in 1925 with the adoption of the Geneva Protocol. While that protocol also addressed bacteriological methods of warfare, comprehensive arms control provision prohibiting all forms of biological weapon had to await the adoption in 1972 of the Biological Weapons Convention, whereas similar provision in relation to chemical weapons was not achieved until 1993. Both of these conventions are considered, and the status of the prohibition on use, and of related provisions, in both treaties is analysed. Novel technologies including incapacitating chemical agents, synthetic biology and the use of viruses are also considered.
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Dyall, Kenneth G., and Knut Faegri. Introduction to Relativistic Quantum Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195140866.001.0001.
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This book provides an introduction to the essentials of relativistic effects in quantum chemistry, and a reference work that collects all the major developments in this field. It is designed for the graduate student and the computational chemist with a good background in nonrelativistic theory. In addition to explaining the necessary theory in detail, at a level that the non-expert and the student should readily be able to follow, the book discusses the implementation of the theory and practicalities of its use in calculations. After a brief introduction to classical relativity and electromagnetism, the Dirac equation is presented, and its symmetry, atomic solutions, and interpretation are explored. Four-component molecular methods are then developed: self-consistent field theory and the use of basis sets, double-group and time-reversal symmetry, correlation methods, molecular properties, and an overview of relativistic density functional theory. The emphases in this section are on the basics of relativistic theory and how relativistic theory differs from nonrelativistic theory. Approximate methods are treated next, starting with spin separation in the Dirac equation, and proceeding to the Foldy-Wouthuysen, Douglas-Kroll, and related transformations, Breit-Pauli and direct perturbation theory, regular approximations, matrix approximations, and pseudopotential and model potential methods. For each of these approximations, one-electron operators and many-electron methods are developed, spin-free and spin-orbit operators are presented, and the calculation of electric and magnetic properties is discussed. The treatment of spin-orbit effects with correlation rounds off the presentation of approximate methods. The book concludes with a discussion of the qualitative changes in the picture of structure and bonding that arise from the inclusion of relativity.
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Joshi, Khyati Y. Standing Up and Speaking Out. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037832.003.0008.
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This chapter focuses on the significance of race, ethnicity, and religion by discussing how and why a group of Hindus in Metro Atlanta came together to challenge Southern Christian normativity. As the development and growth of religious organizations helped Hindus develop a sense of their own potency in Metro Atlanta and elsewhere, the community has gone from a phase when merely being acknowledged felt like a victory to a phase of feeling, and ultimately expressing, anger and disappointment at inaccurate and disrespectful depictions of Hinduism. This trend can be expected to continue and grow as the community continues to expand and mature, and as new targets arise from the inevitable misunderstandings between the South's Hindu and mainstream communities.
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Burnett, Sierra Clark, and Krishnendu Ray. Sociology of Food. Edited by Jeffrey M. Pilcher. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199729937.013.0008.
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The study of food, an area associated with domesticity and women's work, has been neglected in sociology for decades. Folklorists and anthropologists in the past already recognized the importance of food in the development of cultures, religions, group dynamics, symbolism, communication, and other sources of meaning in human life. Sociologists, however, have been reluctant to focus on food. Even today, when food is already a major component of studies of class and stratification, labor, and consumption, there is little sociological work dedicated to food. Before discussing the merits of food studies in general and its lessons for sociology in particular, this article provides an overview of the discipline of sociology, its theories and methods, strengths and limitations that have been adapted to the study of food.
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Fallon, Marie T., and Nathan I. Cherny. Opioid therapy: optimizing analgesic outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0094.
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Treatment with analgesic drugs is the mainstay of cancer pain management. The major group of drugs used in cancer pain management is the opioid analgesics. During the last 30 years, there has been a dramatic increase in our knowledge of the sites and mechanism of action of the opioids. The development of analytical methods has also been of great importance in facilitating pharmacokinetic studies of the disposition and fate of opioids in patients. More recently, advances in genomic research have indicated the potential importance of pharmacogenetic factors in the response to opioid analgesics. These studies have begun to offer us a better understanding of some of the sources of variation between individuals in their response to opioids and to suggest ways of minimizing some of their adverse effects. This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of the pre-clinical pharmacology and clinical aspects of opioid analgesia and the principles of opioid administration.
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Duncan, Dennis. The Oulipo and Modern Thought. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831631.001.0001.
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The impact of the Oulipo (Ouvroir de Littérature Potentielle), one of the most important groups of experimental writers of the late twentieth century, is still being felt in contemporary literature, criticism and theory, both in Europe and the US. Founded in 1960 and still active today, this Parisian literary workshop has featured among its members such notable writers as Italo Calvino, Georges Perec, and Raymond Queneau, all sharing in its light-hearted, slightly boozy bonhomie, the convivial antithesis of the fractious, volatile coteries of the early twentieth-century avant-garde. For the last fifty years the Oulipo has undertaken the same simple goal: to investigate the potential of ‘constraints’ in the production of literature—that is, formal procedures such as anagrams, acrostics, lipograms (texts which exclude a certain letter), and other strange and complex devices. Yet, far from being mere parlour games, these methods have been frequently used as part of a passionate—though sometimes satirical—involvement with the major intellectual currents of the mid-twentieth century. Structuralism, psychoanalysis, Surrealism, analytic philosophy: all come under discussion in the group’s meetings, and all find their way in the group’s exercises in ways that, while often ironic, are also highly informed. Using meeting minutes, correspondence, and other material from the Oulipo archive at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, The Oulipo and Modern Thought shows how the group have used constrained writing as means of puckish engagement with the debates of their peers, and how, as the broader intellectual landscape altered, so too would the group’s conception of what constrained writing can achieve.
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Hertz, Rosanna, and Margaret K. Nelson. Unprecedented Relationships. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888275.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the concept of networks of strangers linked by reliance on the same sperm donor. It draws on participants’ use of the language of genes and the language of choice to explain how these networks develop. Because the relationships within these networks are unprecedented, the members have to decide for themselves naming conventions and social norms. The introduction suggests the importance of these relationships at a time when family size is shrinking. It includes a discussion of research methods, describing how the authors located respondents and the characteristics of respondents (212 parents and 154 donor-conceived children). It also explains how the authors chose to feature particular networks that reflected different eras, different age groups of children, and different internal dynamics.
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Smith, Martha, and Elizabeth Knowles. More Reading Connections: Bringing Parents, Teachers, and Librarians Together. Libraries Unlimited, 1999.
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MacDonald, Raymond, David J. Hargreaves, and Dorothy Miell. Musical identities. Edited by Susan Hallam, Ian Cross, and Michael Thaut. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199298457.013.0043.
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This article presents a number of key themes relating to the concept of musical identities. It provides a definition of identity, with a discussion of why identity is a timely topic for consideration. The article then presents an overview of a series of studies investigating musical identities of jazz musicians. These highlight the utility of qualitative techniques, and in particular focus-group and semi-structured interview methods, for understanding how professional musicians construct their identities in relation to both their musical activities and wider psychological and cultural issues. The article looks next at how theories of motivation and the self can help to explain some of the behavioural aspects of musical identities. It provides evidence that children's self-concepts, and in particular their levels of confidence (both of which are related to musical identities), can influence the rate of musical development and musical achievement, drawing briefly on a study which compares the views of pupils, parents, and teachers about what it is to be ‘good at music’.
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Gelman, Judy, and Vicki Levy Krupp. The Kids' Book Club Book: Reading Ideas, Recipes, Activities, and Smart Tips for Organizing Terrific Kids' Book Clubs. Tarcher, 2007.
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Mvula, Peter, and Wapulumuka Mulwafu. Intensification, Crop Diversification, and Gender Relations in Malawi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0007.
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In this chapter a variety of methods were used to collect data to study smallholders in Malawi. The surveys were complemented by a set of qualitative interviews to establish gender dynamics in agriculture and for livelihoods. Key informant interviews were conducted with agricultural personnel in the sampled districts and focus group discussions were held with some farmers. For a bigger picture of the agricultural policies and practices, the study relied on a review of key documents and publications by government and other agencies implementing agricultural programmes in the country. Descriptive statistics demonstrate that a shift from maize and tobacco to Irish potatoes, groundnuts, and soya beans in the areas under study has provided an opportunity for smallholder farmers to diversify and increase production and thus improve their livelihoods. Another noticeable change has been the increased participation of women in the production and marketing of crops.
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Clark, Emily Suzanne, and Brad Stoddard, eds. Race and New Religious Movements in the USA. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350063983.
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Organized in chronological order of the founding of each movement, this documentary reader brings to life new religious movements from the 18th to 20th century. Engaging with religious studies theory and method and critical race theory, students are provided with the tools needed in order to understand questions of race, religion, and American religious history. Each chapter has: An introduction to the movement, including the context of its foundingTwo to four primary source documents about or from the movementSuggestions for further reading. Movements covered include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormonism), the Native American Church, the Moorish Science Temple, and the Nation of Islam. The voices included come from both men and women. Showing that religio-racial movements have been a perennial aspect of American history from the colonial period to the present, this reader provides a history of innovative social groups in America. A timeline of movements is included, and discussion and study questions can be found in the book’s online resources.
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Eland, John H. D., and Raimund Feifel. Molecules with four, five or seven atoms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788980.003.0005.
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Double photoionisation spectra of NH3, C2H2, HCHO, C2N2, PCl3, CH4, the methyl halides CH3F, CH3Cl, CH3I, the methylene halides CH2Cl2, CH2Br2, CH2I2, the carbon tetrahalides CF4, CCl4, CBr4, germanium tetrahalides GeCl4, GeBr4, and SF6 are presented with analysis to identify the electronic states of the doubly charged ions. The effects of indirect double ionisation pathways are discussed. There are relatively few important molecules with just four atoms, but most of the ones included here are present and sometimes abundant in planetary and astrophysical environments. The range of five-atom molecules includes methane and all its simple derivatives. Where possible closely related molecules are grouped together in this chapter, as much of the discussion of their electronic structure is the same for all members of a group. This chapter also includes SF6 as a closely related molecule, even though its atom count goes beyond those of some molecules in later chapters.
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Cheng, Christine. Coda. Research Design Scaffolding. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199673346.003.0010.
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A typical social science study begins by justifying the research question within the context of the existing academic literature. Yet there is minimal discussion on why one question is chosen over another. There is little reflection on the mistakes, uncertainties, wrong turns, and obstacles that are encountered on the way to formulating a particular research question. This chapter takes the opposite approach and shows that the detritus of our efforts to construct a research question is useful for unveiling how research is actually conducted. This chapter revisits the extralegal groups project to show how it was originally conceived and how different iterations of the research question evolved over time. It argues that research is inherently messy and that scholars should be more willing to adopt a reflective “Show Your Work” approach so that the reader can make sense of the methods used and the research design decisions that were taken.
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van Ackeren, Marcel, ed. Philosophy and the Historical Perspective. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266298.001.0001.
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Since the rise of analytical philosophy, the relation of philosophy and its past is more hotly debated among philosophers than ever. Some scholars analyse historical texts without reference to current debates and their terminology, while others pursue first-order philosophy by focusing on problems instead of doxography—that is, without reference to their predecessors. A growing group, though, doubts that philosophy can be studied effectively on the basis of this sharp division. But does the study of the history of philosophy contribute to current philosophy? And, if it does, what precisely is the contribution? Does making such a contribution depend on using a specific method which determines how the historical perspective is related to systematic philosophy and philosophy in general? More generally, how do our assumptions about the relationship between historical and systematic perspectives affect our methodology and metaphilosophy or philosophy of philosophy? This volume presents and debates answers to these questions, which deserve to be addressed in their own right and not just as an adjunct to other discussions. The contributors of this volume provide diverse answers based on historical references, stretching from ancient philosophy to the most current debates, and also refer to various philosophical sub-disciplines.
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Kuzle, Ana, Inga Gebel, and Benjamin Rott, eds. Implementation Research on Problem Solving in School Settings. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871167.0.
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The University of Potsdam hosted the 25th ProMath and the 5th WG Problem Solving conference. Both groups met for the second time in this constellation which contributed to profound discussions on problem solving in each country taking cultural particularities into account. The joint conference took place from 29th to 31st August 2018, with participants from Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Sweden, and Turkey. The conference revolved around the theme “Implementation research on problem solving in school settings”. These proceedings contain 14 peer-reviewed research and practical articles including a plenary paper from our distinguished colleague Anu Laine. In addition, the proceedings include three workshop reports which likewise focused on the conference theme. As such, these proceedings provide an overview of different research approaches and methods in implementation research on problem solving in school settings which may help close the gap between research and practice, and consequently make a step forward toward making problem solving an integral part of school mathematics on a large scale.
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Jules-Rosette, Bennetta, and J. R. Osborn. African Art Reframed. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043277.001.0001.
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This book approaches the reframing of African art through dialogues with collectors, curators, and artists on three continents. It explores museum exhibitions, storerooms, artists’ studios, and venues for community outreach. Part One (Chapters 1-3) addresses the history of ethnographic and art museums, ranging from curiosity cabinets to modernist edifices and virtual websites. Museums are considered in terms of five transformational nodes, which contrast ways in which museums are organized and reach out to their audiences. Diverse groups of artists interact with museums at each node. Part Two (Chapters 4-5) addresses museum practices and art worlds through dialogues with curators and artists examining museums as ecosystems and communities within communities. Processes of display and memory work used by curators and artists are analyzed with semiotic methods to investigate images, signs, and symbols drawn from curating the curators and exploring artists’ experiences. Part Three (Chapters 6-8) introduces new strategies for displaying, disseminating, and reclaiming African art. Approaches include the innovative technology of unmixing and the reframing of art for museums of the future. The book addresses building exchanges through studies of curatorial networks, south-north connections, genre classifications, archives, collections, databases, and learning strategies. These discussions open up new avenues of connectivity that range from local museums to global art markets and environments. In conclusion, the book proposes new methods for interpreting African art inside and outside of museums and remixing the results.
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Kruschke, John K., and Wolf Vanpaemel. Bayesian Estimation in Hierarchical Models. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.13.
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Bayesian data analysis involves describing data by meaningful mathematical models, and allocating credibility to parameter values that are consistent with the data and with prior knowledge. The Bayesian approach is ideally suited for constructing hierarchical models, which are useful for data structures with multiple levels, such as data from individuals who are members of groups which in turn are in higher-level organizations. Hierarchical models have parameters that meaningfully describe the data at their multiple levels and connect information within and across levels. Bayesian methods are very flexible and straightforward for estimating parameters of complex hierarchical models (and simpler models too). We provide an introduction to the ideas of hierarchical models and to the Bayesian estimation of their parameters, illustrated with two extended examples. One example considers baseball batting averages of individual players grouped by fielding position. A second example uses a hierarchical extension of a cognitive process model to examine individual differences in attention allocation of people who have eating disorders. We conclude by discussing Bayesian model comparison as a case of hierarchical modeling.
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Hochberg, Michael. An Editor's Guide to Writing and Publishing Science. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804789.001.0001.
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Scientists must communicate their work through clear writing and publish it where it will be read. To succeed, you need method, but also need to understand the worlds of journals, publishers and science evaluation. The Editor’s Guide to Writing and Publishing Science provides a comprehensive approach to how to write engaging papers, and strategies for publishing where they will be read and have impact. Drawing on decades of experience as a scientist, mentor and chief editor, Michael Hochberg offers a unique, authoritative view on writing science and into the little-known worlds of journals and publication. Succeeding in science means being a citizen of science, and The Editor’s Guide educates the reader in some of the most pressing issues and possible solutions, and provides key references for deeper exploration. Developing one’s career does not mean careerism, and Hochberg provides guidelines and advice for young researchers to engage in the craft of science, forge collaborations, contribute to the scientific commons as a peer reviewer and interact through social media. Understanding the challenges and opportunities in publishing is only possible with knowledge of how science communication is changing, and the reader is introduced to the important, emerging world of Open Science. Written in a practical and accessible way for students, postdoctoral researchers, early-career scientists and professionals across a wide range of scientific fields, The Editor’s Guide is a powerful tool for learning and improving individual skills, and can be the basis for discussion groups, or used as a text for dedicated classroom courses.
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Kolanoski, Hermann, and Norbert Wermes. Particle Detectors. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858362.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
The book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors in their different forms as well as their applications, presenting the abundant material as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. The target group for the book are both, students who want to get an introduction or wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject as well as lecturers and researchers who intend to extent their expertise. The book is also suited as a preparation for instrumental work in nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics and in many other fields (addressed in chapter 2). The detection of elementary particles, nuclei and high-energetic electromagnetic radiation, in this book commonly designated as ‘particles’, proceeds through interactions of the particles with matter. A detector records signals originating from the interactions occurring in or near the detector and (in general) feeds them into an electronic data acquisition system. The book describes the various steps in this process, beginning with the relevant interactions with matter, then proceeding to their exploitation for different detector types like tracking detectors, detectors for particle identification, detectors for energy measurements, detectors in astroparticle experiments, and ending with a discussion of signal processing and data acquisition. Besides the introductory and overview chapters (chapters 1 and 2), the book is divided into five subject areas: – fundamentals (chapters 3 to 5), – detection of tracks of charged particles (chapters 6 to 9), – phenomena and methods mainly applied for particle identification (chapters 10 to 14), – energy measurement (accelerator and non-accelerator experiments) (chapters 15, 16), – electronics and data acquisition (chapters 17 and 18). Comprehensive lists of literature, keywords and abbreviations can be found at the end of the book.
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Coen, David, Alexander Katsaitis, and Matia Vannoni. Business Lobbying in the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199589753.001.0001.
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At a time when Europe and business stand at crossroads, this study provides a perspective into how business representation in the EU has evolved and valuable insights into how to organize lobbying strategies and influence policy-making. Uniquely, the study analyses business lobbying in Brussels by drawing on insights from political science, public management, and business studies. At the macro-level, we explore over thirty years of increasing business lobbying and explore the emergence of a distinct European business-government relations style. At the meso-level, we assess how the role of EU institutions, policy types, and the policy cycle shape the density and diversity of business activity. Finally, at the micro-level we seek to explore how firms organize their political affairs functions and mobilized strategic political responses. The study utilizes a variety of methods to analyse business-government relations drawing on unique company and policy-maker surveys; in-depth case studies and elite interviews; large statistical analysis of lobbying registers to examine business the density and diversity; and managerial career path and organizational analyses to assess corporate political capabilities. In doing so, this study contributes to discussions on corporate political strategy and interest groups activity. This monograph should be of interest to public policy scholars, policy-makers, and businesses managers seeking to understand EU government affair and political representation.
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Rury, John L., and Eileen H. Tamura, eds. The [Oxford] Handbook of the History of Education. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199340033.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This handbook offers a global perspective on the historical development of educational institutions, systems of schooling, ideas about education, and educational experiences. Sections deal with questions of theory and methods, ancient and medieval education, the rise of national school systems, the development of universities in different contexts, problems of inequality and discrimination in education, and reform and institutional change. Specific chapters discuss colonialism and anticolonial struggles, indigenous education, gender issues in education, higher education systems, educational reform, urban and rural education, the education of minority groups, comparative, international, and transnational education, childhood and education, nonformal and informal education, and a range of other topics. Chapters consider changing scholarship in the field, connect nationally oriented works by comparing themes and approaches, and provide suggestions for further research and analysis. Like many other subfields of historical research and writing, the history of education has been deeply affected by international social and political upheaval occurring since the 1960s. In this regard, as chapters weigh the influence of revisionist perspectives at various points in time, they take particular note of those arising after that time. In discussing changing viewpoints, their authors consider how schooling and other educational experiences have been shaped by the larger social and political context, and how these influences have affected the experiences of students, their families, and the educators who have worked with them. Each chapter includes notes and a bibliography for readers interested in further study.
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Verschuur, Gerrit L. Impact! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.001.0001.
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Most scientists now agree that some sixty-five million years ago, an immense comet slammed into the Yucatan, detonating a blast twenty million times more powerful than the largest hydrogen bomb, punching a hole ten miles deep in the earth. Trillions of tons of rock were vaporized and launched into the atmosphere. For a thousand miles in all directions, vegetation burst into flames. There were tremendous blast waves, searing winds, showers of molten matter from the sky, earthquakes, and a terrible darkness that cut out sunlight for a year, enveloping the planet in freezing cold. Thousands of species of plants and animals were obliterated, including the dinosaurs, some of which may have become extinct in a matter of hours. In Impact, Gerrit L. Verschuur offers an eye-opening look at such catastrophic collisions with our planet. Perhaps more important, he paints an unsettling portrait of the possibility of new collisions with earth, exploring potential threats to our planet and describing what scientists are doing right now to prepare for this awful possibility. Every day something from space hits our planet, Verschuur reveals. In fact, about 10,000 tons of space debris fall to earth every year, mostly in meteoric form. The author recounts spectacular recent sightings, such as over Allende, Mexico, in 1969, when a fireball showered the region with four tons of fragments, and the twenty-six pound meteor that went through the trunk of a red Chevy Malibu in Peekskill, New York, in 1992 (the meteor was subsequently sold for $69,000 and the car itself fetched $10,000). But meteors are not the greatest threat to life on earth, the author points out. The major threats are asteroids and comets. The reader discovers that astronomers have located some 350 NEAs ("Near Earth Asteroids"), objects whose orbits cross the orbit of the earth, the largest of which are 1627 Ivar (6 kilometers wide) and 1580 Betula (8 kilometers). Indeed, we learn that in 1989, a bus-sized asteroid called Asclepius missed our planet by 650,000 kilometers (a mere six hours), and that in 1994 a sixty-foot object passed within 180,000 kilometers, half the distance to the moon. Comets, of course, are even more deadly. Verschuur provides a gripping description of the small comet that exploded in the atmosphere above the Tunguska River valley in Siberia, in 1908, in a blinding flash visible for several thousand miles (every tree within sixty miles of ground zero was flattened). He discusses Comet Swift-Tuttle--"the most dangerous object in the solar system"--a comet far larger than the one that killed off the dinosaurs, due to pass through earth's orbit in the year 2126. And he recounts the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter in 1994, as some twenty cometary fragments struck the giant planet over the course of several days, casting titanic plumes out into space (when Fragment G hit, it outshone the planet on the infrared band, and left a dark area at the impact site larger than the Great Red Spot). In addition, the author describes the efforts of Spacewatch and other groups to locate NEAs, and evaluates the idea that comet and asteroid impacts have been an underrated factor in the evolution of life on earth. Astronomer Herbert Howe observed in 1897: "While there are not definite data to reason from, it is believed that an encounter with the nucleus of one of the largest comets is not to be desired." As Verschuur shows in Impact, we now have substantial data with which to support Howe's tongue-in-cheek remark. Whether discussing monumental tsunamis or the innumerable comets in the Solar System, this book will enthrall anyone curious about outer space, remarkable natural phenomenon, or the future of the planet earth.