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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Group of Four'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

King, Dennis J. 1945. "A Structural Approach to Four Theories of Group Development." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279224/.

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The goal of this study was to attempt to develop a classification scheme that systematically related individual behavior, interpersonal behavior, and group interactions for the purpose of using the resulting classification scheme to evaluate theories of group development proposed by Bion, Bennis and Shepard, Bales, and Tuckman and Jensen. It was assumed that theorists' presuppositions about the structure of groups might influence their theories. Using a qualitative process of analysis, a structural classification scheme (SCS) was developed based upon transformative and generative rules, utilizing the General System Theory subsystem process of self-regulated boundary operations. The SCS protocol was employed to categorize and compare the theories of group development proposed by Bion, Bennis and Shepard, Bales, and Tuckman and Jensen. The resulting categorization of theories indicated that relationships existed among and between a group's structural properties, the complexity and type of communication connections among and between group members, and the size of the group. In addition, a common structural relationship was demonstrated to exist among and between individual, dyadic, and triadic group forms. A similar structural relationship was also speculated to exist between groups of any size. It was concluded that a structural approach to groups may offer insight to group leaders and members in recognizing and creating alternative frameworks that best fit a group's structure to its task. This approach may have broad implications in that it suggests that group goals might best be considered before the structure of the group is determined. In addition, a structural approach was also speculated to be an emotionally neutral alternative method of discussing individual and group behavior.

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2

Mehanna, M. A.-H. "Some computational problems in group theory." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384569.

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3

Dubicki, Josef. "Renormalization group study of four generation models." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252473.

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4

Karki, Manoj Babu. "Invariant Riemannain metrics on four-dimensional Lie group." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1438906778.

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5

Tomberg, Alexandre. "Renormalisation group and critical correlation functions in dimension four." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54301.

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Critical phenomena and phase transitions are important subjects in statistical mechanics and probability theory. They are connected to the phenomenon of universality that makes the study of mathematically simple models physically relevant. Examples of such models include ferromagnetic spin systems such as the Ising, O(n) and n-component |φ|⁴ models, but also the self-avoiding walk that has been observed to formally correspond to a "zero-component" spin model by de Gennes. Our subject in this thesis is the extension and application of a rigorous renormalisation group method developed by Bauerschmidt, Brydges and Slade to study the critical behaviour of the continuous-time weakly self-avoiding walk and of the n-component |φ|⁴ model on the 4-dimensional square lattice ℤ⁴. Although a "zero-component" vector is mathematically undefined (at least naively), we are able to interpret the weakly self-avoiding walk in a mathematically rigorous manner as the n = 0 case of the n-component |φ|⁴ model, and provide a unified treatment of both models. For the |φ|⁴ model, we determine the asymptotic decay of the critical correlation functions including the logarithmic corrections to Gaussian scaling, for n ≥ 1. This extends previously known results for n = 1 to all n ≥ 1, and also observes new phenomena for n > 1, all with a new method of proof. For the continuous-time weakly self-avoiding walk, we determine the decay of the critical generating function for the "watermelon" network consisting of p weakly mutually- and self-avoiding walks, for all p ≥ 1, including the logarithmic corrections. This extends a previously known result for p = 1, for which there is no logarithmic correction, to a much more general setting.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Mathematics, Department of<br>Graduate

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6

Lackey, Lara Marie. "Art experience in a group setting : a study of four young subjects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28095.

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This thesis provides an analysis of video recordings and written observations of four preschool-aged children as they spontaneously explored art materials within a group setting. The focus of analysis is the extent to which subjects interacted with other children and adults during art material use, and the effect of interaction on the subjects' uses of materials. For each subject, data are categorized and presented according to location, type, and approximate length of activity; presence or absence of others; and types of interactive behavior: watching, verbal interaction; imitation; and distraction from the activity. Descriptive passages are presented which detail specific episodes of interaction, and behaviors of adults interacting with subjects are also described. The conclusions argue for heightened awareness of social interaction as a factor in children's art experiences.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Graduate

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7

Mason, Sara Elizabeth. "The Effect of Thin-Ideal Media on Body Image: An Experiment Using the Solomon Four-Group Design." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1335295760.

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8

Nikolaidis, Christos. "On binary linear codes with 2-transitive automorphism group and minimum weight four." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318832.

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9

Wilcox, Jacqueline M. "How Fathers Affect Body Image Perception In their Sons: A Comparison of Four Age Groups." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1180.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Jacqueline Marie Wilcox, for the Master of Science degree in COMMUNITY NUTRITION, presented on October 19,2012, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: HOW FATHERS AFFECT BODY IMAGE PERCEPTION IN THEIR SONS:A COMPARISON OF FOUR AGE GROUPS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Sara Long Roth This study examines the role a father or male role model plays in affecting his son's body image perception via comments and feedback. A cross-sectional study design was conducted to examine 396 men who ranged in age from 18-92 years old. Men who participated in this study were evaluated as a whole as well as four different age groups (18-31, 32-47, 48-66, 67+). Results indicate most men did not receive feedback from their fathers in regard to altering their muscularity or to gain or lose weight. Participants who received feedback reported positive paternal comments about body shape, weight and muscularity. Men aged 18-31 received more positive paternal feedback than any other age group. Positive body image perception was significantly associated with body mass index and high self-esteem. Results of this study suggest other social factors may be connected with negative body image perception.

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10

Tarnovanu, Horia. "Causation and responsibility : four aspects of their relation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7060.

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The concept of causation is essential to ascribing moral and legal responsibility since the only way an agent can make a difference in the world is through her acts causing things to happen. Yet the extent and manner in which the complex features of causation bear on responsibility ascriptions remain unclear. I present an analysis of four aspects of causation which yields new insights into different properties of responsibility and offers increased plausibility to certain moral views. Chapter I examines the realist assumption that causation is an objective and mind-independent relation between space-time located relata – a postulate meant to provide moral assessment with a naturalistic basis and make moral properties continuous with a scientific view of the world. I argue that such a realist stance is problematic, and by extension so are the views seeking to tie responsibility attributions to an objective relation. Chapter II combines the context sensitivity of causal claims with the plausible idea that responsibility ascriptions rest on the assessment of causal sequences relating agents and consequences. I argue that taking context sensitivity seriously compels us to face a choice between moral contrastivism and a mild version of scepticism, viz. responsibility is not impossible, but ultimately difficult to identify with confidence. I show why the latter view is preferable. Chapter III explores the concern that group agents would causally (and morally) overdetermine the effects already caused by their constituent individuals. I argue that non-reductive views of agency and responsibility lack a coherent causal story about how group agents impact the world as relatively independent entities. I explain the practical importance of higher-order entities and suggest a fictionalist stance towards group agency talk. Chapter IV analyses the puzzle of effect selection – if causes have infinitely many effects, but only one or a few are mentioned in causal claims, what determines their selection from the complete set of consequents? I argue that the criteria governing the difference between effects and by-products lack clarity and stability. I use the concerns about appropriate effect selection to formulate an epistemic argument against consequentialism.

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11

Dong, Suhua. "The impact of residential learning communities at four-year, public, Midwest universities on students' self-report levels of civic engagement." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1113227130.

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12

Raina, Karina Christina. "Compassion and Person Perception: An Experiment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5347/.

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Compassion is one of the fundamental experiences which signify human existence. Person perception is the constructive process with which we form an opinion or judgment of another person. Two experiments (N =277) were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 examined the effects of a mindfulness meditation on compassion in a large sample of young adults. Participants (n =76) were randomly assigned to three groups. Participants in group 1 received the mindfulness meditation, group 2 received an alternate version of the mindfulness meditation (self-focus only), and participants in group 3 were asked to complete an attention task and read a geological text. It was hypothesized that mindfulness meditation is significantly associated with the experience of compassion. Results showed that participants in the experimental group 1 experienced significantly higher levels of compassion compared to participants in the control group 3. The participants in group 2 were not different from experimental group 1 or from control group 3. Gender differences in the effects of meditation on compassion were explored. Different measures yielded conflicting evidence for gender differences in experienced compassion. For the second experiment a Solomon four-group experimental design was employed to examine the possible effects of compassion on person perception. Participants (n = 201) were randomly assigned to 4 groups. The effect of pretesting impression formation on posttest performance was investigated. It was hypothesized that compassion has a significant effect on impression formation. The Stouffer's z -method was used to investigate this effect. Results indicated that participants in the experimental groups after completing a mindfulness meditation rated a target person significantly more favorable, compared to participants in the control groups. Results also indicated that pretest had no significant effect on post-test ratings of the impression formation task. Transcendental applications for the inducement and experience of compassion in psychotherapy and the role of compassion in human society are considered. Limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.

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13

Fischer, Mary Margaret. "COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL LITERACY IN SELECTED K-5 CLASSROOMS EMPLOYING AGRICULTURE IN THE CLASSROOM METHODOLOGIES: A SOLOMON FOUR-GROUP ANALYSIS." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1355.

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The significance of agriculture to future generations is unparalleled. The United Nations projects the global population to swell to 9.75 billion people by 2050, and to proliferate to 11.2 billion by 2100. The non-agricultural population has little to no understanding or comprehension of the complexities of sustaining a viable agricultural system. Agricultural literacy is an area often unseen and rarely discussed outside specific agricultural disciplines. Society does not view agriculture as being important, yet it is important that society be properly educated on issues in order to reach well-informed decisions and render prudent choices that impact the world around them. Illinois ranks fourth in the nation for agricultural productivity, yet the agricultural literacy of its elementary students is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the agricultural knowledge of selected Illinois classrooms of public elementary school students in kindergarten through fifth grades that employ Agriculture in the Classroom (AITC) methods and materials. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group design, using a pretest and a posttest, was utilized to study. A Solomon Four-Group design analysis was used to determine if pretest sensitization, or test reactivity effect, existed in this study. The study found that AITC treatment and control group students possessed some agricultural knowledge regarding the five thematic areas of the Food and Fiber Systems Literacy (FSSL) Framework. The kindergarten through first grade post mean scores by treatment and theme indicated the treatment group answered 77.89 percent of the questions correctly and the control group answered 72.55 percent correctly. The treatment and control groups were most knowledgeable about Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health) followed by Theme 4 (Business and Economics), with the treatment group being more knowledgeable about Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems), while the control group was more knowledgeable about Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment). The treatment and control groups were least knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture). The second through third grade post mean scores by treatment and theme indicated the treatment group answered 75.05 percent of the questions correctly and the control group answered 74.07 percent correctly. The treatment group was most knowledgeable about Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) followed by Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems) and Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health). The control group was most knowledgeable about Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems) followed by Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) and Theme 4 (Business and Economics). The treatment and control groups were least knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture). The fourth through fifth grade post mean scores by treatment and theme indicated the treatment group answered 66.73 percent of the questions correctly and the control group answered 52.91 percent correctly. The treatment group was most knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture) followed by Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) and Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health). The control groups were most knowledgeable about Theme 3 (Science, Technology and Environment) followed by Theme 1 (Understanding Food and Fiber Systems) and Theme 4 (Business and Economics). The treatment was least knowledgeable about Theme 4 (Business and Economics) and Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health). The control group was least knowledgeable about Theme 2 (History, Geography and Culture) followed by Theme 5 (Food, Nutrition and Health).

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14

Rogers, Catherine Jane. "Power comparisons of four post-MANOVA tests under variance-covariance heterogeneity and non-normality in the two group case." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40171.

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15

Gorenc, Klaus-Dieter, Bonilla Luis Castro, Rivera Sandra Peredo, Rivera Luis Felipe Abreu, Guadalupe Luis Armando Oblitas, and Zuloaga Roberto Llanos. "The Solomon four groups plan: A cross-Hispanamerican educational evaluation." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102536.

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Two modalities of research design's workshops -long and short- were developed to qualify 658 Hispanamerican research workers, whom were divided into 30 groups, and were applyied along ten years. The terminal efficiency of the workshops was measured with a pre-post-test design and the differences were assessed with a t-test -for dependent samples-. The results showed that the values of the post-test were higher -p ≤ 0.001- than the pretest averages. Contrasting the two workshop versions, the average of the long workshop was significantly higher -p ≤ 0.001- than the short one, by means of a multiple pre-post-test design and the t-test for independent samples. Using Solomon four-group design it was feasible to establish that the significant increase of knowledge about research designs was not influenced by the interaction of the pretest and treatment factors and there was not observed any significant difference between both versions.<br>Se aplicaron dos modalidades de talleres de investigación -corta y larga- para habilitar por espacio de diez años a 658 investigadores hispanoamericanos, divididos en 30 grupos. La eficiencia terminal de los talleres fue medida con un diseño de pre y post-test y las diferencias con una prueba t-Student -para muestras dependientes-. Los resultados mostraron que los valores del post-test eran más elevados -p ≤ 0.001- que los del pretest. Contrastando las dos versiones del taller, el promedio del largo fue significantemente mayor -p ≤ 0.001- que el del corto; esto, bajo la tutela de un diseño múltiple de pre y post-test y la prueba t-Student, pero para muestras independientes. Con el diseño de cuatro grupos de Solomon se estableció que el incremento significativo en el conocimiento sobre diseños de investigación no fue intervenido por los factores tratamiento y pretest -interacción- y no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambas versiones.

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16

Harvišová, Simona. "Úloha Vyšehradskej štvorky v súčasných podmienkach vývoja." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72136.

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The theme of the diploma thesis is the Visegrad Four and its activity from the establishment in 1991 to the present. The aim of the thesis is to focus on the main purpose of the Group. The thesis examines fulfillment of set goals, which accomplishment the cooperation of V4 enabled. Significant activities of the group include EU entry, NATO entry, Schengen membership and establishment of CEFTA. The thesis covers present economic development of members of Visegrad and monetary policy regarding possible Euro acceptance. In the closing part there are the current priorities and spheres of cooperation of the Visegrad Group evaluated, i.e. activity in the EU and cooperation within V4, as well as other future perspective interest areas.

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17

Taum, Alice K. H. "The influences of participation in a teacher study group focusing on the CREDE Standards for effective pedagogy on four high school teachers' instruction." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/6934.

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This study examined how participation in a weekly study group influenced the educational practices of four teachers from a rural high school on Oʻahu, Hawaiʻi. The study group focused on understanding and implementing the Standards for Effective Pedagogy, principles for effective teaching that have been described by the Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence (CREDE). Teachers were videotaped at the beginning and end of the school year while teaching in the classroom and during fieldwork. The videotapes were analyzed to determine the extent to which instruction reflected enactment of the Standards. Teachers were interviewed at the beginning and the end of the school year about their classroom practices and teaching philosophy and asked to maintain teaching journals relating to implementation of the Standards. Results indicate that the teachers' with the most and least teaching experience changed the most throughout the year.<br>vi, 76 leaves

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18

Barron, Ian. "An exploration of the factors that affect the ethnic identities of a group of three and four year old children." Thesis, n.p, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/.

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19

Rau, Holger Andreas [Verfasser]. "The Impacts of Social Preferences and Biases on Individual and Group Decision Making: Four Essays in Experimental Economics / Holger Andreas Rau." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1029818827/34.

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20

Quesnel, Galván Lucia Beatriz. "An Orphanage in Mexico: Four United Nations' Human Rights of Children and Wolins' Prerequisites for Efficient Group Care Through the View of the Manager and Staff." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3311.

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In Mexico there are officially 1.8 million orphaned children, without counting non-orphaned children deprived of family, who also need care; of these, only 657,000 are living in 703 orphanages. Mexico's government invests less than 2% of its budget toward protection of children. There is a lack of substantive research or official assessment of orphanages. According to the scant research found, the children's human rights most frequently violated in Mexican orphanages are the rights to nutrition and health care, to be protected from further victimization, to free expression and participation, and to not be exploited. This study was carried out through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the manager and five staff members of a respected orphanage in Mexico. It aimed to determine how they attempt to fulfill the aforementioned rights, and how their work relates to six prerequisites for efficient group-care formulated by Wolins after his vast research on the matter. Results indicate that the staff members of this orphanage view their work as spirituality in action, becoming the children's family, caring for their health through special vegetarian nutrition. They teach the children that they are the masters of their own lives and happiness, and not to see themselves as victims. From results I also suggest well supervised facilities, coupling between staff and professionals to screen children's health; a vegetarian diet based on scientific research; children's participation in rules, learning about, from and for their human rights and the idea of children being masters of their life and happiness.

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21

Sayej, Sumaya Yacoub. "Evaluating the effectiveness of the health educator intervention of health beliefs and attitudes of female Palestinian adolescents : applying the Solomon-Four group design." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411963.

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22

Bengtlars, Ann, and Erik Väljamets. "Optimization of Pile Groups : A practical study using Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search with four different objective functions." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146832.

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Piling is expensive but often necessary when building large structures, for example bridges. Some pile types, such as steel core piles, are very costly and it is therefore of great interest to keep the number piles in a pile group to a minimum. This thesis deals with optimization of pile groups with respect to placement, batter and angle of rotation in order to minimize the number of piles. A program has been developed, where two optimization algorithms named Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search, and four objective functions have been used. These have been tested and compared to find the most suitable for pile group optimization. Three real cases, two bridge supports and one culvert, have been studied, using the program. It has been difficult to draw any clear conclusions since the results have been ambiguous. This is probably because only three cases have been tested and the results are very problemdependent.The outcome depends, for example, on the starting guess and settings for the optimization. However, the results show that the Genetic Algorithm is somewhat more robust in its ability to remove piles than Direct Search and is therefore to prefer in pile group optimization.

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23

MORASCHINI, LUCA. "Likelihood free and likelihood based approaches to modeling and analysis of functional antibody titers with applications to group B Streptococcus vaccine development." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/76794.

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Opsonophagocytic killing assays (OPKA) are routinely used for the quantification of bactericidal antibodies against Gram-positive bacteria in clinical trial samples. The OPKA readout, the titer, is traditionally estimated using non-linear dose-response regressions as the highest serum dilution yielding a predefined threshold level of bacterial killing. Therefore, these titers depend on a specific killing threshold value and on a specific dose-response model. This thesis describes a novel OPKA titer definition, the threshold free titer, which preserves biological interpretability whilst not depending on any killing threshold. First, a model-free version of this titer is presented and shown to be more precise than the traditional threshold-based titers when using simulated and experimental group B Streptococcus (GBS) OPKA experimental data. Second, a model-based threshold-free titer is introduced to automatically take into account the potential saturation of the OPKA killing curve. The posterior distributions of threshold-based and threshold-free titers is derived for each analysed sample using importance sampling embedded within a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler of the coefficients of a 4PL logistic dose-response model. The posterior precision of threshold-free titers is again shown to be higher than that of threshold-based titers. The biological interpretability and operational characteristics demonstrated here indicate that threshold-free titers can substantially improve the routine analysis of OPKA experimental and clinical data.

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24

Weber, Harald. "Group rings and twisted group rings for a series of p-groups." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10761310.

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25

Kopong, Bogadi. "Nutritional appraisal of Tsabana, a dietary intervention product for the four-month- to five-year-old age group, and assessment of its acceptance and use in rural districts of Botswana." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/772.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Consumer Sciences: Food and Nutrition in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2013<br>Child undernutrition is the outcome of numerous complex and interrelated factors. It is considered a worldwide health concern, also in Botswana. Undernourished infants are especially vulnerable to develop nutritional deficiencies and diseases. Tsabana was developed as a weaning food to improve the diet quality of undernourished infants in Botswana but also as a dietary intervention product for the four-month- to five-year-old age group to improve the nutritional status of Batswana children. The study undertook a theoretical nutritional appraisal of Tsabana and assessed its acceptance and use in rural districts of Botswana. A quantitative approach that incorporated a survey was used as the research design for the study. A pre-tested questionnaire consisting of close-ended questions in the multiple choice format was used to collect the data on the field acceptance and use of Tsabana. The questionnaire was completed by 105 caregivers of infants aged six to 36 months old visiting the selected clinics with the research sites the Ngamiland, North East, Central and Kweneng rural districts. The energy, macro- and micronutrient content adequacy of Tsabana was compared to the Codex Alimentarius Standard for Processed Cereal-based Foods for Infants and Young Children (Codex Standard 074) and the Proposed Nutrient Composition for Fortified Complementary Foods (PNCFCF). Sorghum and soya are the two major ingredients of Tsabana which contribute to its protein and energy provision. The nutrient appraisal revealed that the level of energy provided by Tsabana is more than the specified Codex Alimentarius Standard composition but slightly less than the PNCFCF specified range, whereas the protein level is within the specified ranges as put forward by both the Codex composition and the PNCFCF, respectively. The results further revealed that in comparison to the PNCFCF the content of vitamins A, E, C and pyridoxine, zinc, iodine and iron were less than the specified ranges. The content of vitamins A and D met the compositional guidelines of the Codex Alimentarius Standard. The micronutrient provision of Tsabana in relation to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended nutrient intakes was mostly adequate except for pyridoxine which was inadequately provided for both seven- to 18-month-old (33% provision) and one- to three-year-old (52% provision) infants at the daily rations of 75 gram (g) and 200 g powder respectively. Some minerals also were provided at inadequate amounts, e.g. iodine at a daily provision of 42% as well as iron at 26% for seven- to 12-month-old and 12- to 18-month-old infants both provided at a daily ration of 75 g Tsabana powder. Zinc was only provided at 19% of the WHO recommended intake for seven- to 12-month-old and 14.8% for 12- to 18-month-old infants. As with the absence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, the minerals selenium and copper are not provided by Tsabana. The micronutrient fortification compounds used in Tsabana for the mineral and vitamin additions as vitamin A palmitate, cholecalciferol, vitamin E acetate, calcium pantothenate, carbonate and tri-calcium phosphate (ratio 1:18:482), zinc sulphate and potassium iodate are readily bioavailable, but not the vitamin A and vitamin E compounds used. The iron fortificant used is not stipulated on the Tsabana package. The field survey results revealed that Tsabana was well accepted by the infants as perceived by their caregivers as the majority indicated that Tsabana was enjoyed (80%) and that it tasted nice (71.4%). The majority (78.1%) of the caregivers also indicated that the wellbeing of the infants improved on receiving Tsabana. Most (51.4%) of them also knew that Tsabana is more nutritious than other cooked porridges. Tsabana though was not used properly as most of the caregivers fed Tsabana to the infant only once a day (60.9%) instead of two to three times (for infants six- to 18-month-olds) and did not use enough water (3½ cups) (76.2%) to cook one feeding of Tsabana as stipulated on the Tsabana package. The product use factors, which include the number of daily Tsabana feedings provided, the addition of sugar to the cooked Tsabana, the amount of water used to cook one feeding of Tsabana and the cooking period of one feeding were the factors significantly (p < 0.05) linked to the perceived infant acceptance of Tsabana. The number of daily Tsabana feedings was linked to the perceived enjoyment of Tsabana (p < 0.05) and its perceived texture (p < 0.05) and colour (p < 0.05) acceptance. While the addition of sugar to the cooked Tsabana was linked to its perceived enjoyment (p < 0.05), the amount of water used to its perceived taste acceptance (p < 0.05) and the cooking period of one feeding to its perceived colour acceptance (p < 0.05). For instance, more caregivers in relation to the enjoyment of Tsabana and its colour and texture acceptance who perceived it not to be enjoyed and not having a nice colour or texture, indicated not to feed it daily in comparison to caregivers who perceived that Tsabana was enjoyed by the infants and that it had a nice colour and texture. The caregiver perceived infant wellbeing improvement through the provision of Tsabana and the perceived difference between Tsabana and other cooked porridges were the only two clinic-related factors which significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the infant acceptance of Tsabana as perceived by the caregivers. For instance, while the majority (86.2%, 84.8% and 80%, respectively) of the caregivers who perceived the infant taste acceptance of Tsabana as very nice, nice or acceptable indicated that providing Tsabana to the infant improved the infant’s wellbeing, the majority (80%) who perceived it as not tasting nice indicated that providing Tsabana to the infant had not improved the infant’s wellbeing. More than half of the caregivers who perceived the infant texture acceptance of Tsabana as acceptable (59.4%) or nice (56.8%) indicated that Tsabana provides more nutrition to the infant. However, less than half (46.2%) of the caregivers who perceived the texture of Tsabana as not nice indicated that it provides more nutrition to the infant. The caregiver education level was the only demographic factor that significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the acceptance of Tsabana. The majority (90.3%) of the caregivers who attained a secondary education level (form 1 to form 4) and higher, perceived the infant texture acceptance of Tsabana as nice, acceptable or not nice. In contrast, the majority who perceived the texture acceptance as very nice attained either no schooling/standard one to seven (73.9%) and not a secondary level or higher (26.1%). It could be speculated that caregivers who attained a higher education level may be more critical of such attributes such as the texture acceptance of Tsabana. Most (59%) of the caregivers indicated that they did not receive any information regarding Tsabana from the clinic personnel. Caregiver education on Tsabana and infant nutrition will impart sufficient knowledge and skills to prepare, store and adequately feed Tsabana to their infants as well as provide a variety of foods in adequate amounts to contribute to their optimal growth and development. This is a vital undertaking as it was evident from the study that most of the factors that influenced the acceptance of Tsabana were the product use factors. The study additionally found that foods such as meat, poultry and fish, as well as fruit and vegetables, which should be included in the daily dietary provision, were provided to most of the study infants on a weekly basis only.

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26

Peterson, Aaron. "Pipe diagrams for Thompson's Group F /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1959.pdf.

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27

Kinney, Dell E. "A workbook for small group ministry." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.

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28

Wilson, James B. "Group decompositions, Jordan algebras, and algorithms for p-groups /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8302.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-125). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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Wilson, James B. 1980. "Group decompositions, Jordan algebras, and algorithms for p-groups." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8302.

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viii, 125 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Finite p -groups are studied using bilinear methods which lead to using nonassociative rings. There are three main results, two which apply only to p -groups and the third which applies to all groups. First, for finite p -groups P of class 2 and exponent p the following are invariants of fully refined central decompositions of P : the number of members in the decomposition, the multiset of orders of the members, and the multiset of orders of their centers. Unlike for direct product decompositions, Aut P is not always transitive on the set of fully refined central decompositions, and the number of orbits can in fact be any positive integer. The proofs use the standard semi-simple and radical structure of Jordan algebras. These algebras also produce useful criteria for a p -group to be centrally indecomposable. In the second result, an algorithm is given to find a fully refined central decomposition of a finite p -group of class 2. The number of algebraic operations used by the algorithm is bounded by a polynomial in the log of the size of the group. The algorithm uses a Las Vegas probabilistic algorithm to compute the structure of a finite ring and the Las Vegas MeatAxe is also used. However, when p is small, the probabilistic methods can be replaced by deterministic polynomial-time algorithms. The final result is a polynomial time algorithm which, given a group of permutations, matrices, or a polycyclic presentation; returns a Remak decomposition of the group: a fully refined direct decomposition. The method uses group varieties to reduce to the case of p -groups of class 2. Bilinear and ring theory methods are employed there to complete the process.<br>Adviser: William M. Kantor

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30

Aden, Benjamin. "A model for a small group ministry." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Semikina, Iuliia [Verfasser]. "G-theory of group rings for finite groups / Iuliia Semikina." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173789642/34.

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32

Smith, Bruce Ray. "Developing a cell group mission strategy for Monroe County, Ohio." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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33

McNulty, Gordon M. "An argument for small group ministry in the local church." Portland, Or. : Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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34

Brown, David Benjamin. "Spiritual transformation for men through structured small groups in the local church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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35

Turner, Daniel A. "A strategy for integrating small group ministry in the traditional church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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36

Wenger, Timothy Eric. "A model for small group development and enrichment at St. Luke's Lutheran Church, Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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37

Raubenheimer, D., and M. M. Nel. "Guidelines for group work in an undergraduate learning programme." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 6, Issue 1: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/500.

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Published Article<br>It is required of higher education institutions in South Africa to provide for the development of general skills such as the ability to function in a team, and to apply group work as a method of instruction. After implementation of group work in the new five-year medical curriculum at the University of the Free State, it was realised that ineffective group dynamics and the inexperience of staff and students warranted clear and comprehensive guidelines for group work. For the development of these, opinions of students and staff involved, as well as inputs by experts on group work and literature findings, were evaluated. Their responses are reported and guidelines for effective group work are suggested.

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38

Gu, Jerin. "Single-petaled K-types and Weyl group representations for classical groups." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43735.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2008.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-137).<br>In this thesis, we show that single-petaled K-types and quasi-single-petaled K-types for reductive Lie groups generalize petite K-types for split groups. First, we prove that a Weyl group algebra element represents the action of the long intertwining operator for each single-petaled K-type, and then we demonstrate that a Weyl group algebra element represents a part of the long intertwining operator for each quasi-single-petaled K-type. We classify irreducible Weyl group representations realized by quasi-single-petaled K-types for classical groups. This work proves that every irreducible Weyl group representation is realized by quasi-single-petaled K-types for SL(n;C), SL(n;R), SU(m; n), SO(m; n), and Sp(n;R).<br>by Jerin Gu.<br>Ph.D.

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Gethner, Ellen. "Rational period functions for the modular group and related discrete groups /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914826234.

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40

Turner, W. Keith. "A handbook for training small group leaders." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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41

Wong, Daniel. "The necessity for and implementation of a small group ministry in the Chinese church." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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42

Reinecke, Gary B. "A strategy for leadership reprooduction [sic] through small group ministry." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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Madden, Thomas F. "A program for personal spiritual formation in a Christian community." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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44

Kao, John Yun-Han. "A manual for growth group leaders of Toronto Chinese Community Church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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Brown, Lavern E. "A model for implementing church growth principles in an established, declining church." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Muller, Ron. "Coping with adjustment in a group home help for group care leaders /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.

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47

Helveston, John Knox. "Life rings a manual for developing small group ministry in an established church /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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48

Rizkallah, John. "Bounding cohomology for low rank algebraic groups." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267214.

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Let G be a semisimple linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of prime characteristic. In this thesis we outline the theory of such groups and their cohomology. We then concentrate on algebraic groups in rank 1 and 2, and prove some new results in their bounding cohomology.

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49

Brien, Renaud. "Normal Forms in Artin Groups for Cryptographic Purposes." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23145.

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With the advent of quantum computers, the security of number-theoretic cryptography has been compromised. Consequently, new cryptosystems have been suggested in the field of non-commutative group theory. In this thesis, we provide all the necessary background to understand and work with the Artin groups. We then show that Artin groups of finite type and Artin groups of large type possess an easily-computable normal form by explicitly writing the algorithms. This solution to the word problem makes these groups candidates to be cryptographic platforms. Finally, we present some combinatorial problems that can be used in group-based cryptography and we conjecture, through empirical evidence, that the conjugacy problem in Artin groups of large type is not a hard problem.

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50

Kenneally, Darren John. "On eigenvectors for semisimple elements in actions of algebraic groups." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/224782.

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Let G be a simple simply connected algebraic group defined over an algebraically closed field K and V an irreducible module defined over K on which G acts. Let E denote the set of vectors in V which are eigenvectors for some non-central semisimple element of G and some eigenvalue in K*. We prove, with a short list of possible exceptions, that the dimension of Ē is strictly less than the dimension of V provided dim V > dim G + 2 and that there is equality otherwise. In particular, by considering only the eigenvalue 1, it follows that the closure of the union of fixed point spaces of non-central semisimple elements has dimension strictly less than the dimension of V provided dim V > dim G + 2, with a short list of possible exceptions. In the majority of cases we consider modules for which dim V > dim G + 2 where we perform an analysis of weights. In many of these cases we prove that, for any non-central semisimple element and any eigenvalue, the codimension of the eigenspace exceeds dim G. In more difficult cases, when dim V is only slightly larger than dim G + 2, we subdivide the analysis according to the type of the centraliser of the semisimple element. Here we prove for each type a slightly weaker inequality which still suffices to establish the main result. Finally, for the relatively few modules satisfying dim V ≤ dim G + 2, an immediate observation yields the result for dim V < dim B where B is a Borel subgroup of G, while in other cases we argue directly.

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