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Mahesh, V. S. "Effective Human Resources Management: Key to Excellence in Service Organizations." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 13, no. 4 (October 1988): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919880403.
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A service organization differs from a manufacturing industry in several ways. Most importantly, the sale, production, and consumption take place almost simultaneously. Over 90 per cent of relevant activities is beyond the immediate influence of management. Effective human resources management becomes the key to building excellence in service organizations. Based on his experience with the Taj Group of Hotels, Mahesh identifies eight human resources management factors as crucial for any organization striving for service excellence.
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Lee, Hyun-Ku, and Hangjung Zo. "Assimilation of military group decision support systems in Korea." Information Development 33, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266666916628316.
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The successful assimilation of group decision support systems (GDSS) in the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) systems of military organizations is critical for making fast and accurate modern military operations decisions. This study empirically examines factors affecting military group decision support systems’ (MGDSS) assimilation and the mediating effect of structural appropriation in the Korean Army in a technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. Two hundred and forty-eight users or former users of the Army Tactical Command Information System (ATCIS) participated in the survey and a partial least squares (PLS) analysis was used to analyze the data. The results found that institutional pressure (IP) has the strongest effect on structural appropriation, followed by IT infrastructure (ITI) and top management support (TMS). Structural appropriation plays a significant mediating part between the TOE factors and MGDSS assimilation. The results provide implications and contribute valuable insights for military organizations’ successful assimilation of MGDSS.
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Primas, Francesca, Sarah Maddison, Francesca Primas, Conny Aerts, Geoffrey Clayton, Françoise Combes, Debra Elmegreen, et al. "EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE WORKING GROUP: WOMEN IN ASTRONOMY." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, T29A (August 2015): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316000995.
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The gender† dimension of science and technology has become one of the most important and debated issues worldwide, impacting society at every level. A variety of international initiatives on the subject have been undertaken, including the continued monitoring of the status of women in science by Unesco Institute for Statistics (UIS) or the annual reports “Education at a Glance” by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as well as field-related working groups and networking in order to collect data in a consistent manner. The majority of the international organizations have made clear statements about their discrimination policies (independently of their main field(s) of action), including the International Council for Science whose regulations are followed by the IAU. Gender equality at large is one of the eight United Nations Millennium Development Goals, which clearly calls for action related to science, technology and gender.
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Ishak, Rosnah. "Future Challenges for School Leaders in Implementing the Concept of Learning Organizations in Malaysian Schools: Experts’ Opinions." International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 13, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v13i1.12635.
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<p>Based on the idea of learning organization, schools should be a place for everyone to learn, including teachers and the principals themselves. Hence, schools’ leaders should be prepared to face various possibilities in implementing the concept of learning organization in school. This paper discuss about a study aims to identify future challenges for school principals as leaders in learning organizations. A total of eight school principals have been appointed as panel of experts and involved in a focus group discussion. The results from qualitative data analysis show that there are seven main elements forecast to be the challenges for school leaders in developing their schools as learning organizations in future. The implications of the study suggest that school leaders apply a variety of leadership skills as a result of their learning to overcome those challenges.</p>
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Knight, Jennifer Redmond, Lucy Hollingsworth Williamson, Debra K. Armstrong, and Elizabeth A. Westbrook. "Understanding Lung Cancer Resources and Barriers Among Worksites With Mostly Male Employees in Eight Rural Kentucky Counties: A Focus Group Discussion." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 6 (November 8, 2019): 155798831988258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319882585.
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Kentucky has the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States, and lung cancer is Kentucky’s leading cause of cancer deaths. Males in Kentucky have higher lung incidence and mortality rates than females. Through support from the SelfMade Health Network, Kentucky developed a Regional Resource Lead Organization that collaboratively developed a multi-component worksite intervention on lung cancer among male populations. The intervention targets eight Kentucky counties. The first component and focus of this manuscript included focus group meetings with organizational representatives in each county that provide health, educational, and social services to men and worksites. The focus groups discussed four distinct areas: (a) lung cancer-related resources and services in each county; (b) perceived ways men in worksites learn about and access health-related services; (c) identification of potential challenges and barriers to reaching men in worksites; and (d) creation of linkages and potential partnerships between community organizations and worksites. Forty-five organizational representatives participated in the eight focus groups. Most resources and services discussed were related to tobacco treatment. Employers were the most commonly perceived way men learn about and access health-related services, while attitudes and behaviors were the most commonly perceived barriers preventing men from accessing services. The most common potential linkages and partnerships across all areas were community organizations and groups, employers, health-care providers, and mass media. Partnering with employers may provide an opportunity to reach males with lung cancer prevention and control resources and services.
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Perez, Angel B. "Mission Alignment and Operationalization: The Case of the United World Colleges." International Research in Higher Education 3, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v3n4p55.
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This research study explored how a large, complex global educational organization operationalizes its mission and socializes its constituents to support its mission and values. The study’s unit of analysis was the United World Colleges (UWC), a group of complex international schools whose multi-campus and multinational structure shares a values-driven and activist-oriented mission. With an interest in exploring causation, the researcher employed case study methods to understand how this large organization brings its mission to life on a daily basis.Extensive interviews, observations and document analysis at five units of the organization led to eight themes consistent across all data collected. The research study revealed that the following factors play a significant role in mission operationalization and alignment: (1) The entrance and exit strategy for members of the organization; (2) selection of the organization’s members; (3) curricular choice and teaching methods; (4) use and structure of the physical space; (5) programming; (6) residential life; (7) reflection; and (8) simplicity and tangibility of the mission statement.The study has implications for international schools and organizations keen to create strategic alignment between their mission and daily operations. The findings in the study are generalizable and could inform international organizations in their attempt to implement best practices and make resource allocation decisions to maintain mission fidelity.
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Villar Meza, Luisa E., Hugo F. Gutiérrez Crespo, and Juan P. Matzumura Kasano. "WhatsApp assessment for communication and organization of group work in resident physicians." Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana 21, no. 4 (September 23, 2021): 768–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25176/rfmh.v21i4.3884.
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Introduction: New communication technologies allow new opportunities to optimize medical work. Objective: To determine the assessment of WhatsApp for communication and organization of group work among resident physicians during a healthcare management course. Methods: Descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 140 resident physicians who participated in a healthcare management course in 2019 and 2020. A non-probability convenience sample of 132 participants was obtained. We applied the instrument to assess WhatsApp for regulating group work, through the dimensions “WhatsApp for organizing group work” and “WhatsApp as a communication system for group work”, with a reliability of 0.92. Based on the scores assigned to this dimension by the participants, we divided them into three groups: low, medium and high rating. Results: Resident physicians from eight specialties participated: psychiatry, internal medicine, otolaryngology, clinical pathology, cardiovascular surgery, anatomic pathology, legal medicine and pediatric ophthalmology. The average age was 33.37 years. 86.4% of residents use WhatsApp daily. Activity planning and sending text messages and brief instructions had favorable scores. Both dimensions scored 47.36% in the low rating group, 46.35% in the high rating group and 39.3% in the medium rating group. The global result showed a predominance of the high and low rating groups. Conclusion: The majority of resident physicians use WhatsApp as a non-formal communication tool, helpful for sending messages, developing group tasks and planning activities. Additionally, resident physicians and professors consider WhatsApp to be a useful app, and it could facilitate knowledge acquisition.
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Janca, Frank C., Effie P. Woloshyn, and David Nash. "HETEROGENEITY OF LETHALS IN A "SIMPLE" LETHAL COMPLEMENTATION GROUP." Genetics 112, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/112.1.43.
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ABSTRACT Of 24 ethyl methanesulphonate-induced, recessive-lethal mutations in the region 9E1-9F13 of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, eight fall into a typically homogeneous lethal complementation group associated with the raspberry (ras) locus. Mutations in this group have previously been shown to be pleiotropic, affecting not only ras but also two other genetic entities, gua1 and pur1, which yield auxotrophic mutations.—The eight new mutations have been characterized phenotypically in double heterozygotes with gua1, pur1 and ras mutations. Despite their homogeneity in lethal complementation tests, the mutations prove quite diverse. For example, two mutations have little or no effect on eye color in double heterozygotes with ras 2. The differences between the lethals are allele-specific and cannot be explained as a trivial outcome of a hypomorphic series.—Taken alone, the lethal complementation studies mask the complexity of the locus and the diversity of its recessive lethal alleles. By extension, we argue that the general use of lethal saturation studies provides an unduly simplified image of genetic organization. We suggest that the reason why recessive lethal mutations rarely present complex complementation patterns is that complex loci tend to produce mutations that affect several subfunctions.
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Sayed, Said Sayed Shabban Abdo, and David Edgar. "The Role of Leadership Competencies in Supporting the Al Nahda University for Becoming a Learning Organization: A New Qualitative Framework of the DLOQ." International Journal of Business Administration 10, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v10n2p43.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to contribute to research on learning organizations in higher education institutions (HEIs), by researching the role of individual, group, and organization competencies and skills that support the (NUB) Al Nahda University in Egypt toward becoming a learning organization.Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight executive academics and researchers in (NUB) Al Nahda University in Egypt. Questions emphasised leadership competencies, including those at individual, group, and organizational level, for utilising their skills in creating, sharing and transferring knowledge for modifying and changing their behaviour to achieve a learning organization.Findings: Leadership competencies emerged as a complementary component to the DLOQ framework and it was found that the Seven Characteristics (7Cs) proposed by Watkins and Marsick (2003) did not lead to being a learning organization, nor did being a learning organization lead to knowledge performance and financial performance by itself unless fully supported by leadership competencies, as was confirmed in the case of the Al-Nahda University operating in Egypt.Originality/value: There is still a lack of investigation and global response to the question of how leadership competencies can support learning inside higher education institutions. The outcomes of this research allow a better understanding of how leadership competencies can support the process of becoming a learning organization in HEIs, via a qualitative investigation of the DLOQ framework.
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Gondim, Sonia, Elza Techio, Elisabeth Loiola, Iago Andrade Carias, Katlyane Colman, Silvia Da Costa, Dario Paez, and Flor Sánchez. "Medida de criatividade e inovação: evidências de validade no contexto brasileiro." Revista de Administração da UFSM 13, no. 1 (March 29, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1983465929169.
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The main objective of this article is to explore the validity of the Factors of Creativity and Organizational Innovation (FINO) Measure in a Brazilian sample and ascertain the predictive power of individual, group, and organizational factors in relation to the perceived innovation in the organization. Evidence of the validity of this measure was previously found with workers in the Basque Country and in Latin-American countries. A total of 265 workers from various organizations participated in this survey study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and linear regression analysis with observable variables were performed by means of structural equation modeling. The CFA results indicate that the model with the best fit has eight correlated factors. The regression analysis suggests that the factors Work Characteristics, Leadership, and Personal Traits for Creativity and Innovation predict the perception of innovation in the organization.
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Rubenstein, Lisa, Susanne Hempel, Margie Danz, Danielle Rose, Susan Stockdale, Idamay Curtis, and Susan Kirsh. "Eight Priorities for Improving Primary Care Access Management in Healthcare Organizations: Results of a Modified Delphi Stakeholder Panel." Journal of General Internal Medicine 35, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05541-2.
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Abstract Objective To identify priorities for improving healthcare organization management of patient access to primary care based on prior evidence and a stakeholder panel. Background Studies on healthcare access show its importance for ensuring population health. Few studies show how healthcare organizations can improve access. Methods We conducted a modified Delphi stakeholder panel anchored by a systematic review. Panelists (N = 20) represented diverse stakeholder groups including patients, providers, policy makers, purchasers, and payers of healthcare services, predominantly from the Veterans Health Administration. A pre-panel survey addressed over 80 aspects of healthcare organization management of access, including defining access management. Panelists discussed survey-based ratings during a 2-day in-person meeting and re-voted afterward. A second panel process focused on each final priority and developed recommendations and suggestions for implementation. Results The panel achieved consensus on definitions of optimal access and access management on eight urgent and important priorities for guiding access management improvement, and on 1–3 recommendations per priority. Each recommendation is supported by referenced, panel-approved suggestions for implementation. Priorities address two organizational structure targets (interdisciplinary primary care site leadership; clearly identified group practice management structure); four process improvements (patient telephone access management; contingency staffing; nurse management of demand through care coordination; proactive demand management by optimizing provider visit schedules), and two outcomes (quality of patients’ experiences of access; provider and staff morale). Recommendations and suggestions for implementation, including literature references, are summarized in a panelist-approved, ready-to-use tool. Conclusions A stakeholder panel informed by a pre-panel systematic review identified eight action-oriented priorities for improving access and recommendations for implementing each priority. The resulting tool is suitable for guiding the VA and other integrated healthcare delivery organizations in assessing and initiating improvements in access management, and for supporting continued research.
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Vinaya B, Akila CR, Dinesh Babu J, and Sravan Kumar P. "A case study wistar rats by implementing Metformin on Clozapine." International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/irjpas.v8i1.1309.
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The medical studies in beyond decade has reported that maximum 2nd-era antipsychotics (SGAs) can reason severe metabolic derangement, which significantly upsurges the danger for type II diabetes mellitus. Numerous retrospective studies have proven multiplied in serum triglyceride in sufferers handled with Clozapine. SGAs triggered metabolic syndrome is characterized via hypertension, weight gain, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Metformin is presently used to extravagance metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes mellitus. It is consequently essential to decide whether Metformin is effective in discussing Clozapine-brought on metabolic derangement like dyslipidaemia. To appraise the impact of Metformin in minimizing Clozapine caused metabolic irrationality like dyslipidaemia. Methodology: Wistar rats weighing a hundred and eighty-240g both intercourse had been divided into three corporations of 6 rats every. Group 1 attended as manipulate, Group 2 Preserved with Clozapine 25mg/kg frame weight and Group 3 Treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin 100mg/kg body weight for 30 days P.O. Group 2 and group three were preserved for 30 days. Lipid profile of institution 2 rats handled with Clozapine showed dyslipidaemia (TG 103.3±1.7mg/dl, Tc 113.7±1.6mg/dl). Whereas organization 3 rats treated with Clozapine 25mg + Metformin confirmed ordinary lipid levels (TG ninety four.7±1.7mg/dl, TC 102.Eight±0.Eight mg/dl) similar to institution 1(TG ninety three.0±2.6mg/dl, TC 103.7±1.5mg/dl). This study focuses a non-substantial increase in fasting blood glucose in SD rodents managed with clozapine that was in part checked by utilizing simultaneous organization of metformin. Rodents controlled clozapine affirmed the anticipated abatement in the statement of GLUT2, anyway simultaneous administration of metformin and clozapine for 30 days didn't show the anticipated standardization of the articulation degrees of GLUT2. This look at investigating the use of Metformin to forestall metabolic unsettling like dyslipidaemias in patients of schizophrenia managed with Clozapine.
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O’Brien, Daniel P., N. Deborah Friedman, Raquel Cowan, Aaron Walton, and Eugene Athan. "Six vs Eight Weeks of Antibiotics for Small Mycobacterium ulcerans Lesions in Australian Patients." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 9 (June 20, 2019): 1993–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz532.
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Abstract Background Antibiotics are highly effective in curing Mycobacterium ulcerans lesions, but are associated with significant toxicity. In those not undergoing surgery, we compared 6 weeks with the currently recommended 8 weeks of combination antibiotic therapy for small M. ulcerans lesions. Methods Mycobacterium ulcerans cases from an observational cohort at Barwon Health, Victoria, treated with antibiotics alone from 1 October 2010 to 31 March 2018 were included. The 6-week antibiotic group received ≥28 days and ≤42 days and the 8-week antibiotic group received ≥56 days of antibiotic therapy, respectively. Only World Health Organization category 1 lesions were included. Results 207 patients were included; 53 (25.6%) in the 6-week group and 154 (74.4%) in the 8-week group. The median age of patients was 53 years (interquartile range [IQR], 33–69 years) and 100 (48.3%) were female. Lesions were ≤900 mm2 in size in 79.7% of patients and 93.2% were ulcerative. Fifty-three patients (100%) achieved treatment cure in the 6-week group compared with 153 (99.4%) in the 8-week group (P = .56). No patients died or were lost to follow-up during the study. Median time to heal was 70 days (IQR, 60–96 days) in the 6-week group and 128 days (IQR, 95–173 days) in the 8-week group (P < .001). Two (3.8%) patients in the 6-week group experienced a paradoxical reaction compared with 39 (25.3%) patients in the 8-week group (P = .001). Conclusions For selected small M. ulcerans lesions, 6 weeks may be as effective as 8 weeks of combined antibiotic therapy in curing lesions without surgery.
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d'Aloisio, E., A. R. Paolacci, A. P. Dhanapal, O. A. Tanzarella, E. Porceddu, and M. Ciaffi. "Protein disulphide isomerase family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): genomic structure, synteny conservation and phylogenetic analysis." Plant Genetic Resources 9, no. 2 (May 4, 2011): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262111000232.
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Eight genes encoding protein disulphide isomerase (PDI)-like proteins in bread wheat were cloned and characterized and their genomic structure was compared with that of homoeologous genes isolated from other plant species. Fourteen wheat cDNA sequences of PDI-like genes were amplified and cloned; eight of them were relative to distinct PDI-like genes, whereas six corresponded to homoeologous sequences. Also, the genomic sequences of the eight non-homoeologous genes were amplified and cloned. Phylogenetic analysis, which included eight genes encoding PDI-like proteins and the gene encoding the typical PDI, assigned at least one of them to each of the eight major clades identified in the phylogenetic tree of the PDI gene family of plants. The close chromosome synteny between wheat and rice was confirmed by the location of the homoeologous genes of the PDI family in syntenic regions of the two species. Within the same phylogenetic group, a high level of conservation, in terms of sequence homology, genomic structure and domain organization, was detected between wheat and the other plant species. The high level of conservation of sequence and genomic organization within the PDI gene family, even between distant plant species, might be ascribed to the key metabolic roles of their protein products.
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Iván Tarride, Mario, and Julia González. "Healthy organizations: toward a diagnostic method II." Kybernetes 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 228–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-12-2013-0275.
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Purpose – To contribute to the search for new viewpoints that will enrich the understanding of the complex organizational phenomenon, in particular by contributing to the development of a method that allows qualifying, in the fullest possible way, whether an organization can be said to be healthy. So the objective of this work has been to experiment with the diagnostic method of the organizational health situation – proposed in a previous paper published in this journal – through applications that allowed backfeeding it and offering a new improved version of it. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The present work takes up the challenge of advancing in the development of the method of determining the health condition of an organization, revising the general homomorphism as well as the information that will be considered, its sources, the way of obtaining it, and the way of making the synthesis that will allow issuing the final overall judgement of healthy or not of the organization that is being studied. To that end, recourse is made to the experience obtained from eight applications made to different kinds of small organizations in the city of Santiago, Chile, from 2008 to 2012. Findings – The human-being/organization homomorphism was reformulated, going from eight component systems of the human body to 13, by reformulating some and incorporating others. Although a set of indicators may be used in different kinds of organizations, each one of them also presents a specificity that makes it highly complicated to make comparisons; the health situation of an organization is related only to itself. Consequently, the set of indicators that are selected to determine the health condition of an organization depends on itself. Not all the variables, systems and dimensions have the same weight for those interested in the overall health judgement to be issued, so this task of searching for the weights becomes a key aspect of the method: what was found to be most advisable was to set up a group of experts composed of key informants belonging to the organization itself and of external analysts. The symptoms – perceptions of the key informants – must be transformed into signs that allow objectifying the judgement of healthy or not of an organization. Originality/value – The work contributes new elements that enrich the method for diagnosing organizational health proposed earlier, starting from the homomorphism established between the way in which allopathic physicians study their patients and the way the analyst operates with an organization.
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Endicott, NA. "Patterns of Functional Brain Organization and Migraine." Cephalalgia 24, no. 5 (May 2004): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00671.x.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the patterns of functional organization of the brain, as evaluated by the number of anomalous brain conditions or phenomena (ABCP), and the prevalence of migraine in a group of 434 women with lifetime major depressive disorder. ABCP are conditions or phenomena which are clearly related to brain function whose prevalence significantly deviates from the statistical mean for the general population. Eighteen ABCP (e.g. mixed or left handedness, enuresis after age 5, learning and speech disorders) were used in this study as ‘markers’ for their associated patterns of functional brain organization. The relationship between the number of ABCP and the prevalence of migraine was highly significant. The correlation between the number of ABCP and the prevalence of migraine was 0.36 ( P < 0.0001, confidence interval 0.26, 0.43). The prevalence of migraine in patients with no ABCP ( n = 11) was 9%, while that of those with eight or more ABCP ( n = 40) was 85%. This supports the hypothesis that there is a relationship between patterns of functional brain organization and migraine prevalence.
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Lunenborg, Peter, and Ts’otetsi Makong. "An African Group Perspective on the WTO Negotiations: Progress in 2012 and Looking Ahead to MC9 in 2013." Global Trade and Customs Journal 8, Issue 3 (March 1, 2013): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2013011.
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This article provides, from an African Group perspective, a succinct update on the technical areas of the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations since the political guidance issued by the Eight Ministerial Conference (MC8). Finally, the article looks ahead to Ninth Ministerial Conference (MC9) in 2013 and efforts to arrive at an 'early harvest package' that might include trade facilitation, special and differential treatment (S&D) and some other elements. These efforts should be preceded by an 'early harvest framework' that includes certain safeguards and guarantees.
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Winters, Nicholas, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, and Dick Menzies. "Efficacy and safety of World Health Organization group 5 drugs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment." European Respiratory Journal 46, no. 5 (September 17, 2015): 1461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00649-2015.
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The efficacy and toxicity of several drugs now used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) have not been fully evaluated.We searched three databases for studies assessing efficacy in MDR-TB or safety during prolonged treatment of any mycobacterial infections, of drugs classified by the World Health Organization as having uncertain efficacy for MDR-TB (group 5).We included 83 out of 4002 studies identified. Evidence was inadequate for meropenem, imipenem and terizidone. For MDR-TB treatment, clarithromycin had no efficacy in two studies (risk difference (RD) −0.13, 95% CI −0.40–0.14) and amoxicillin–clavulanate had no efficacy in two other studies (RD 0.07, 95% CI −0.21–0.35). The largest number of studies described prolonged use for treatment of non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Azithromycin was not associated with excess serious adverse events (SAEs). Clarithromycin was not associated with excess SAEs in eight controlled trials in HIV-infected patients (RD 0.00, 95% CI −0.02–0.02), nor in six uncontrolled studies in HIV-uninfected patients, whereas six uncontrolled studies in HIV-infected patients clarithromycin caused substantial SAEs (proportion 0.20, 95% CI 0.12–0.27).For most group 5 drugs we found inadequate evidence of safety for prolonged use or for efficacy for MDR-TB, although macrolides appeared to be safe in prolonged use.
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Denning, Stephen. "Post-bureaucratic management goes global." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-01-2019-0009.
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Purpose The article reports on anti-hierarchical approaches to managing work outside the U.S. and independent of software development as evidenced in presentations at the November Drucker Forum by the French group, Vinci and the Chinese group, Haier. Design/methodology/approach The article looks at how radical innovations in organization structure, management processes and mindsets are being adopted by companies seeking the rapid-paced, customer-focused continuous innovation needed to survive in today’s dynamic marketplaces. These approaches are spreading throughout many established organizations. For traditionally managed hierarchical organizations, the transformation often involves radical shifts in power, attitudes, values, mindsets, ways of thinking and ways of interacting with stakeholders—customers, employee talent, shareholders and partners. Findings The Vinci Group is organized with 3,500 business units, so that there are in effect 3,500 entrepreneurs, all intent on developing good ideas. The Haier Groups has transformed its organization into a flat platform with thousands of micro-enterprises. There are no more than eight people in each one. Practical implications The Haier platform enables the microenterprises to interact closely and intensively with users, allowing them to participate in the development and production process. The goal is to align Haier’s people and the value they can create for customer users. The need is to unleash people’s potential so as to maximize value to users. Originality/value The article reveals that when companies disrupt the traditional “efficiency-based” organizational structure the do so in unique ways. Typical of the homegrown approach to post-bureaucratic organizations, Zhang Ruimin, CEO of Haier, pioneered a management model called “Rendanheyl,” which entails three disruptions: disrupting employees, disrupting organizational structures and disrupting compensation structures.
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Groenewoud, Frank, Joachim Gerhard Frommen, Dario Josi, Hirokazu Tanaka, Arne Jungwirth, and Michael Taborsky. "Predation risk drives social complexity in cooperative breeders." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (March 28, 2016): 4104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1524178113.
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Predation risk is a major ecological factor selecting for group living. It is largely ignored, however, as an evolutionary driver of social complexity and cooperative breeding, which is attributed mainly to a combination of habitat saturation and enhanced relatedness levels. Social cichlids neither suffer from habitat saturation, nor are their groups composed primarily of relatives. This demands alternative ecological explanations for the evolution of advanced social organization. To address this question, we compared the ecology of eight populations of Neolamprologus pulcher, a cichlid fish arguably representing the pinnacle of social evolution in poikilothermic vertebrates. Results show that variation in social organization and behavior of these fish is primarily explained by predation risk and related ecological factors. Remarkably, ecology affects group structure more strongly than group size, with predation inversely affecting small and large group members. High predation and shelter limitation leads to groups containing few small but many large members, which is an effect enhanced at low population densities. Apparently, enhanced safety from predators by cooperative defense and shelter construction are the primary benefits of sociality. This finding suggests that predation risk can be fundamental for the transition toward complex social organization, which is generally undervalued.
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Ouellet, Marie, and Martin Bouchard. "Terror on Repeat." International Criminal Justice Review 26, no. 4 (September 20, 2016): 316–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567716666642.
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Criminal and terrorist organizations often depend on repeat offenders to maintain the group’s longevity, especially after repeated law enforcement interventions. Yet, little is known about the offenders who perpetrate multiple incidents on behalf of a group. Relying on data for 118 terrorist offenders involved across eight attacks from 2000 to 2005, this study examines the correlates of repeat offending within a terrorist organization. Our main predictor, criminal social capital, is measured by the number and structure of co-offending ties. Poisson regression results demonstrate that offenders with a higher number of connections are more likely to be involved in multiple attacks; while offenders positioned as brokers—bridging otherwise unconnected others—are less likely to reoffend. In addition, being a leader and graduate education was associated with repeat offending. These findings suggest that selection is based on more than an offender’s skill set but also on their embeddedness within the group.
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Woollacott, Marjorie H., Anne Shumway-Cook, and Lewis M. Nashner. "Aging and Posture Control: Changes in Sensory Organization and Muscular Coordination." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 23, no. 2 (September 1986): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vxn3-n3rt-54jb-x16x.
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The following study examined two aspects of balance control in the older adult: 1) the coordination of the timing and the amplitude of muscle responses to postural perturbations, and 2) the ability of the participant to reorganize sensory inputs and subsequently modify postural responses as a consequence of changing environmental conditions. Coordination of muscle activity in postural responses of twelve elderly (sixty-one to seventy-eight years) participants were compared to those of young (nineteen to thirty-eight years) adults using a movable platform and recording the electromyographic activity of muscles of the legs. The following changes were noted in the timing and amplitude of muscle activity within a postural response synergy: 1) increases in the absolute latency of distal muscle responses were observed in all older adults; 2) in five of the twelve older adults temporal reversals of proximal and distal muscle response onset were observed; and 3) there was a breakdown in the correlation of the amplitude of responses within a synergy. The ability of the older adult to balance under conditions of reduced or conflicting sensory information was also impaired. When confronted with functionally inappropriate visual and/or somatosensory inputs, half of the older group lost balance. In most instances, however, the older participants were able to maintain stability during subsequent responses to conflicting stimuli.
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Mishra, Ruchi, Ashok K. Pundir, and L. Ganapathy. "Empirical assessment of factors influencing potential of manufacturing flexibility in organization." Business Process Management Journal 24, no. 1 (February 2, 2018): 158–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-07-2016-0157.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of factors and their associated attributes that largely influence achievement of manufacturing flexibility. Design/methodology/approach Using two sequential phases consisting of literature review, plant visits and focus group interviews, the study identifies key factors that influence manufacturing flexibility and develop and validate these factors through postal survey. In total, 211 responses from multiple industries were collected to analyze the data. Findings The study identifies and develops eight factors and their associated 39 attributes that largely influence achievement of manufacturing flexibility. Out of eight underlying constructs, operational improvement practices construct reported highest level of variance followed by advanced manufacturing technology, human resource practices, supplier flexibility, supplier integration, customer integration, product-process technology integration and marketing and manufacturing integration. Research limitations/implications The scope of the study is limited to the plant level. Therefore, other strategic-level factors, such as business strategy, the amount of investment, leadership quality have not been addressed in this research. Practical implications The findings can assist managers in improving the level of manufacturing flexibility by specifying key factors essential for achievement of manufacturing flexibility. An important implication for managers is that identification of factors should be followed by proper assessment and implementation so as to remain competitive in the market. Originality/value The findings provide insight into the factors that facilitate in achievement of manufacturing flexibility.
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Del Duca, Sara, Christopher Riccardi, Alberto Vassallo, Giulia Fontana, Lara Mitia Castronovo, Sofia Chioccioli, and Renato Fani. "The Histidine Biosynthetic Genes in the Superphylum Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota: Insights into the Evolution of Gene Structure and Organization." Microorganisms 9, no. 7 (July 3, 2021): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071439.
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One of the most studied metabolic routes is the biosynthesis of histidine, especially in enterobacteria where a single compact operon composed of eight adjacent genes encodes the complete set of biosynthetic enzymes. It is still not clear how his genes were organized in the genome of the last universal common ancestor community. The aim of this work was to analyze the structure, organization, phylogenetic distribution, and degree of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of his genes in the Bacteroidota-Rhodothermota-Balneolota-Chlorobiota superphylum, a group of phylogenetically close bacteria with different surviving strategies. The analysis of the large variety of his gene structures and organizations revealed different scenarios with genes organized in more or less compact—heterogeneous or homogeneous—operons, in suboperons, or in regulons. The organization of his genes in the extant members of the superphylum suggests that in the common ancestor of this group, genes were scattered throughout the chromosome and that different forces have driven the assembly of his genes in compact operons. Gene fusion events and/or paralog formation, HGT of single genes or entire operons between strains of the same or different taxonomic groups, and other molecular rearrangements shaped the his gene structure in this superphylum.
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Ledin, T., L. M. Ödkvist, M. Vrethem, and C. Möller. "Dynamic Posturography in Assessment of Polyneuropathic Disease." Journal of Vestibular Research 1, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1991-1203.
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Twenty-eight patients with polyneuropathy aged 49–82 years (mean 67 years) were assessed by dynamic posturography. The patient group was compared to a control group comprising 29 healthy controls aged 70 through 75 years (mean 73 years). The dynamic posturography method comprises a sensory organization part in which the platform and visual surround are either stable or referenced to the patient’s sway; furthermore, the eyes are open or closed. In a movement coordination part the platform makes active movements. In the sensory organization part of the dynamic posturography the patient group showed significantly lower equilibrium performance compared to the control group in the test conditions with absent vision, sway-referenced surrounding, and, finally, sway referenced platform and surrounding. In these conditions the influx of somatosensory information is of paramount importance for stable posture. In the movement coordination test, the patient group showed prolonged muscular response latencies in both forward and backward platform perturbations compared to the control group. It is concluded that dynamic posturography is a valuable diagnostic tool in assessment of the dynamic equilibrium performance in patients with polyneuropathy.
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Segarra, C., and M. Aguadé. "Molecular organization of the X chromosome in different species of the obscura group of Drosophila." Genetics 130, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/130.3.513.
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Abstract Nine single copy regions located on the X chromosome have been mapped by in situ hybridization in six species of the obscura group of Drosophila. Three Palearctic species, D. subobscura, D. madeirensis and D. guanche, and three Nearctic species, D. pseudoobscura, D. persimilis and D. miranda, have been studied. Eight of the regions include known genes from D. melanogaster (Pgd, zeste, white, cut, vermilion, RNA polymerase II 215, forked and suppressor of forked) and the ninth region (lambda DsubF6) has not yet been characterized. In all six species, as in D. melanogaster, all probes hybridize to a single site. Established chromosomal arm homologies of Muller's element A are only partly supported by present results since two of the probes (Pgd and zeste) hybridize at the proximal end of the XR chromosomal arm in the three Nearctic species. In addition to the centric fusion of Muller's A (= XL) and D (= XR) elements, the metacentric X chromosome of the Nearctic species requires a pericentric inversion to account for this result. Previously proposed homologies of particular chromosomal regions of the A (= X) chromosome in the three species of the D. subobscura cluster and of the XL chromosomal arm in the three species of the D. pseudoobscura cluster are discussed in light of the present results. Location of the studied markers has changed drastically not only since the divergence between the melanogaster and obscura groups but also since the Palearctic and Nearctic species of the obscura group diverged.
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Reynolds, Michael, Donna Kwan, and Daniel Smilek. "To Group or n o t t o g r o u p." Experimental Psychology 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000033.
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Eight experiments are reported that examine the contextual factors that influence the magnitude of color-word interference in the Stroop task. In Part 1 of the paper (Experiments 1–4) we varied letter-letter grouping using Gestalt principles of proximity and similarity. In Part 2 of the paper (Experiments 5–8) we varied word-color grouping using the Gestalt principles of similarity and common fate. The magnitude of the Stroop effect was strongly influenced by changes in both letter-letter grouping in the color-word and word-color grouping. Overall, the results suggest two ways in which perceptual organization influences the magnitude of Stroop color-word interference and more generally, that there are systematic principles that govern the impact of visually presented words across a variety of laboratory contexts and the real world.
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Brandberg, Yvonne, Helena Michelson, Bo Nilsson, Christina Bolund, Bjørn Erikstein, Päivi Hietanen, Stein Kaasa, et al. "Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer During the First Year After Random Assignment to Adjuvant Treatment With Marrow-Supported High-Dose Chemotherapy With Cyclophosphamide, Thiotepa, and Carboplatin or Tailored Therapy With Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, and Cyclophosphamide: Scandinavian Breast Group Study 9401." Journal of Clinical Oncology 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2003): 3659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2003.07.020.
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Purpose: To compare, in high-risk breast cancer patients, the effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of two adjuvant treatments. Treatments were compared at eight points during the first year after random assignment to treatment with tailored fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) therapy for nine courses versus induction FEC therapy for three courses followed by high-dose chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin (CTCb) supported by peripheral-blood stem cells. Patients and Methods: From March 1994 to March 1998, 525 breast cancer patients (estimated relapse risk > 70% within 5 years with standard therapy) were included in the Scandinavian Breast Group 9401 study. HRQoL evaluation, using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ)-C30 and EORTC Breast Cancer Module–23, included 408 of 446 eligible patients in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Results: Eighty-four percent to 95% of the patients completed questionnaires at eight points of assessment. Nostatistically significant overall differences were found between the tailored FEC group and the CTCb group for any of the HRQoL variables. Statistically significant differences over time were found for all HRQoL variables. HRQoL in the CTCb group demonstrated a steeper decrease, but a faster recovery than in the tailored FEC group. Emotional functioning improved with increased time from randomization. Higher levels of problems in body image and arm symptoms were reported in the tailored FEC group compared with the CTCb group. Sexual functioning and satisfaction were impaired during the study period. Conclusion: Both treatments had a negative influence on HRQoL during the treatment period. Despite the aggressive therapies, the patient’s HRQoL returned to levels found at inclusion on most variables.
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Nystrom, Kenneth C., and Christine M. Malcom. "Sex-Specific Phenotypic Variability and Social Organization in the Chiribaya of Southern Peru." Latin American Antiquity 21, no. 4 (December 2010): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.21.4.375.
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AbstractAnalyses of skeletal phenotypic traits have the potential to yield information pertaining to social organization, such as kinship and residence patterns. In this research, we examine sex-specific phenotypic variability of craniofacial and mandibular metric traits in eight skeletal samples from four sites (San Gerónimo, Chiribaya Alta, Chiribaya Baja, and El Yaral) attributed to the Chiribaya polity (A.D. 772–1350) and a contemporary Ilo-Tumilaca/Cabuza group (El Algodonal) from southern Peru. Through this data set we investigate various aspects of social organization (e.g., postmarital residence patterns) within the Chiribaya polity. We also examine Chiribaya interactions with the contemporaneous, yet culturally distinct, Tumilaca cultural group. The pattern of between-group bias-corrected estimates of biological distances points toward a more distant biological relationship between the two cultures than has previously been reported. Among the Chiribaya groups considered, determinant ratio analyses indicate that males from two cemeteries (Chiribaya Alta Cemetery 4 and Chiribaya Alta Cemetery 7) were significantly more variable than females, suggesting that males were the more mobile sex. Several explanatory models are considered, including a matrilocal residence pattern and the in-migration of males. We also examine the unique nature of results from within Chiribaya Alta, which support the argument made by previous researchers that this site represents a regional political center.
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Foster-Hartnett, Dawn, Joann Mudge, Dana Larsen, Dariush Danesh, Huihuang Yan, Roxanne Denny, Silvia Peñuela, and Nevin D. Young. "Comparative genomic analysis of sequences sampled from a small region on soybean (Glycine max) molecular linkage group G." Genome 45, no. 4 (August 1, 2002): 634–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g02-027.
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Eight DNA markers spanning an interval of approximately 10 centimorgans (cM) on soybean (Glycine max) molecular linkage group G (MLG-G) were used to identify bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones. Twenty-eight BAC clones in eight distinct contiguous groups (contigs) were isolated from this genome region, along with 59 BAC clones on 17 contigs homoeologous to those on MLG-G. BAC clones in four of the MLG-G contigs were also digested to produce subclones and detailed physical maps. All of the BAC-ends were sequenced, as were the subclones, to estimate proportions in different sequence categories, compare similarities among homoeologs, and explore microsynteny with Arabidopsis. Homoeologous BAC contigs were enriched in repetitive sequences compared with those on MLG-G or the soybean genome as a whole. Fingerprint and cross-hybridization comparisons between MLG-G and homoeologous contigs revealed cases of highly similar physical organization between soybean duplicates, as did DNA sequence comparisons. Twenty-seven out of 78 total sequences on soybean MLG-G showed significant similarity to Arabidopsis. The homologs mapped to six compact genome segments in Arabidopsis, with the longest containing seven homologs spanning two million base pairs. These results extend previous observations of large-scale duplication and selective gene loss in Arabidopsis, suggesting that networks of conserved synteny between Arabidopsis and other angiosperm families can stretch over long physical distances.Key words: Arabidopsis thaliana, bacterial artificial chromosomes, Glycine max, microsynteny.
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Sinno, Solara, Fadi Najem, Georges Dumas, Kim Smith Abouchacra, Art Mallinson, and Philippe Perrin. "Correlation of SVINT and Sensory Organization Test in Children with Hearing Loss." Audiology Research 12, no. 3 (June 6, 2022): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/audiolres12030033.
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Objective: The skull vibration-induced-nystagmus test (SVINT) is a noninvasive and effective screening tool for the function of the otolith and canal structures in children. It can instantaneously assess vestibular asymmetry. This study aimed to analyze the SVINT results of healthy children vs. children with hearing loss (HL) and to correlate it with sensory organization test (SOT) results as a functional balance evaluation tool. Design: This case-controlled study compared the results of SVINT to the results of the SOT of the computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) in a control group of 120 healthy normal-hearing children (i.e., NH group) vs. hearing loss (HL) group of 60 children, including 30 children with hearing aids (HAs) and 30 children with a unilateral cochlear implant (CI). The SVINT results were compared to the caloric test (CaT) and video head impulse test (vHIT) and associated with SOT scores. Results: Thirty-one children in the HL group had normal SVINT and normal SOT results. A total of 21 children in the HL group had SVINT-negative and abnormal results in the SOT (possibly due to bilateral vestibular loss (BVL)). Eight children in the HL group had positive SVINT and abnormal SOT results. However, none of the children had only positive SVINT with normal SOT findings. Moreover, 52% of children had a normal result on both the SOT and CaT, whereas 27% had abnormal results on both tests (17% bilateral weakness and 10% unilateral), and 22% had the only result of the SOT suggesting a functional abnormality. Similarly, when associating the result to vHIT, 51% had normal results on both tests, and 25% had abnormal results (13% bilateral and 12% unilateral weakness). Conclusion: SVINT findings can be correlated with SOT findings in the case of the unilateral vestibular lesion (UVL), which adds a diagnostic value in these pediatric cases but may differ in the case of the bilateral vestibular lesion (BVL). However, SVINT findings need to be cautiously interpreted in light of other test findings such as the SOT, CaT, and vHIT.
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Zemestani, Mehdi, and Sharmin Mozaffari. "Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of depression in persons with physical disability: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 34, no. 7 (May 31, 2020): 938–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215520923135.
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depressive symptoms in physically disabled persons. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: State welfare organization in Kamyaran, Kurdistan, Iran. Participants: Fifty-two physically disabled participants with a primary diagnosis of depression were randomly assigned to either ACT or control groups. Interventions: Participants in the ACT group ( n = 23) received eight weekly 90-minute group sessions based on standard ACT protocol for depression. Participants in the control group ( n = 29) received psychoeducation regarding depression. Main measures: Measures were recorded at baseline, eight weeks (end of treatment), and 16 weeks (follow-up). The outcomes were the change in the depressive symptoms, measured by Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being measured by Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB), respectively. Results: After eight weeks, significant changes in depressive symptoms was observed in the experimental group (ACT –10.39 ± 0.79 vs control 0.66 ± 0.68, P < 0.001). Compared to the control group, the experimental group also showed significant improvement in psychological flexibility (ACT 8.13 ± 0.52 vs control –0.03 ± 0.51, P < 0.001), adaptive emotion regulation strategies (ACT 10.74 ± 0.62 vs control 0.03 ± 1.03, P < 0.001), and psychological well-being (ACT 66.95 ± 4.01 vs control –1.90 ± 1.04, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Compared with control group, ACT significantly reduced the participants’ depression, and changed psychological flexibility, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being in persons with physical disability.
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Planat, Michel, Raymond Aschheim, Marcelo M. Amaral, and Klee Irwin. "Group Geometrical Axioms for Magic States of Quantum Computing." Mathematics 7, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7100948.
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Let H be a nontrivial subgroup of index d of a free group G and N be the normal closure of H in G. The coset organization in a subgroup H of G provides a group P of permutation gates whose common eigenstates are either stabilizer states of the Pauli group or magic states for universal quantum computing. A subset of magic states consists of states associated to minimal informationally complete measurements, called MIC states. It is shown that, in most cases, the existence of a MIC state entails the two conditions (i) N = G and (ii) no geometry (a triple of cosets cannot produce equal pairwise stabilizer subgroups) or that these conditions are both not satisfied. Our claim is verified by defining the low dimensional MIC states from subgroups of the fundamental group G = π 1 ( M ) of some manifolds encountered in our recent papers, e.g., the 3-manifolds attached to the trefoil knot and the figure-eight knot, and the 4-manifolds defined by 0-surgery of them. Exceptions to the aforementioned rule are classified in terms of geometric contextuality (which occurs when cosets on a line of the geometry do not all mutually commute).
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Herbert-Read, J. E., S. Krause, L. J. Morrell, T. M. Schaerf, J. Krause, and A. J. W. Ward. "The role of individuality in collective group movement." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1752 (February 7, 2013): 20122564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2564.
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How different levels of biological organization interact to shape each other's function is a central question in biology. One particularly important topic in this context is how individuals' variation in behaviour shapes group-level characteristics. We investigated how fish that express different locomotory behaviour in an asocial context move collectively when in groups. First, we established that individual fish have characteristic, repeatable locomotion behaviours (i.e. median speeds, variance in speeds and median turning speeds) when tested on their own. When tested in groups of two, four or eight fish, we found individuals partly maintained their asocial median speed and median turning speed preferences, while their variance in speed preference was lost. The strength of this individuality decreased as group size increased, with individuals conforming to the speed of the group, while also decreasing the variability in their own speed. Further, individuals adopted movement characteristics that were dependent on what group size they were in. This study therefore shows the influence of social context on individual behaviour. If the results found here can be generalized across species and contexts, then although individuality is not entirely lost in groups, social conformity and group-size-dependent effects drive how individuals will adjust their behaviour in groups.
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Bense Ferreira Alves, Celia. "Staging the Social Drama of Work: Ethnography of a Theater Company as a Means of Analyzing Theater Activity." Qualitative Sociology Review 3, no. 3 (December 30, 2007): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.3.3.06.
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This paper shows how conducting the ethnographic study of a theater hall and company can help define theater activity. Once the aesthetic of the social organization is set apart from the proper division of labor, theater appears as a collective activity which requires the cooperation of eight groups playing different social roles. The cooperation modes rest on a meshing of direct or indirect services for the actors who carry out the core task of performing. This specific organization of work around a central group is what makes the activity artistic. Simultaneously, the service relation offers the possibility for some categories to bring their relationship with actors closer to a state of symmetry and sometimes reverse asymmetry. As a status enhancing opportunity, service relationship for actors also directly or indirectly provide the grounds for participant commitment and thus guarantee long-lasting operation for the theatrical organization.
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WIGGLESWORTH, GILLIAN. "Children's individual approaches to the organization of narrative." Journal of Child Language 24, no. 2 (June 1997): 279–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000997003048.
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This paper investigates the similarities and differences observed in individual approaches to the linguistic organization of narrative. Twenty subjects in each of five age groups (four, six, eight, ten years and adult) were asked to relate a narrative elicited from a picture book. All references to the animate characters in the book were coded for form (nominal/pronominal), and function (switch versus maintenance). Individual analyses of the narratives indicated that a variety of strategies were used across all age groups. Strategies identified included thematic subject, nominal and anaphoric. When the narrative was divided into segments based on the referential load of each segment, it was found that there was an interaction between the strategy adopted in the first segment, the age of the subject and the referential load of subsequent segments. A variety of strategies was adopted by all age groups although there were preferential trends observable within each group. The ability to maintain a strategy across the varying referential load of the narrative increased with age. Five developmental stages were identified from the analysis which enabled certain tentative predictions to be made about the way children approach a complex narrative task, suggesting that children pass through a number of stages which reflect their ability to organize the referential content of the narrative at differing speech levels.
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Ruiz, Maria, Unai Elorza, and Noemi Zabaleta. "Comparison: Group Model Building Workshops of Two SMEs from the Basque Industrial Sector." Journal of Business and Economics 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2019): 1076–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jbe(2155-7950)/11.10.2019/005.
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Group Model Building (GMB) is a methodology which involves a target group in the business of model formulation and conceptualization. It is crucial to obtain extended formal models and accelerate group decision support for future model building. In this paper the development of two GMB workshops for two Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME) from the Basque Industrial Sector is presented. These workshops focused on one problem: the analysis of the commitment of workers to the organization. Each session in each company was of four-hour duration and involved eight workers and two facilitators. This article highlights the importance of involving decision-making agents from each company in the reflection and process of finding solutions for their problem. The results suggest that in spite of the inherent differences and distinct features of each company, both have important similarities when tackling the same problem. These similarities could be translated to a general pattern conceptual model, which could be simulated as a generic model in the future.
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Beam, Randal A. "The Impact of Group Ownership Variables on Organizational Professionalism at Daily Newspapers." Journalism Quarterly 70, no. 4 (December 1993): 907–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909307000415.
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The impact of group ownership on U.S. newspapers has been the subject of controversy in American journalism. This study of professional practices at fifty-eight U.S. daily newspapers finds few differences between group-owned and independent newspapers. It does, however, find that the size of a newspaper group and number of papers in a group are associated with differences in some professional practices.
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Soesanto, Rayinda Pramuditya, Afrin Fauzya Rizana, and Luciana Andrawina. "Design of Reporting, Evaluation, and Monitoring Application for Student Organization in University." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 3, no. 01 (January 31, 2019): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v3i01.34.
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In few decades, the development of information system has been increased rapidly. It is because most organization in various sector of industries, commerce, government, or even education become highly dependent on the use of information system. The purpose of this study is to design the application that will facilitate the reporting, evaluation, and monitoring activities of student organization based on what user needs. The object of this study is student affair department in one of faculty in one of universities in Indonesia. The method employed in this study to design the system is waterfall. The system designed in this study is focus on the activities related to student organization activities. The result of this study found that there are eight dimensions of web quality that has to be fulfilled by the system according to the result of focus group discussion and Delphi method. The system designed in this study was adjusted to the needs that have been defined previously.
Keywords—Information system design, student organization, waterfall method
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Craig, SA. "Social Organization, Reproduction and Feeding Behaviour of a Population of Yellow-Bellied Gliders, Petaurus Australis (Marsupialia: Petauridae)." Wildlife Research 12, no. 1 (1985): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850001.
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Population dynamics, habitat use and feeding behaviour in a small population of P. australis were studied in 190 ha of Tall Open Forest in the Victorian Central Highlands. Between October 1979 and December 1982, 13 marked individuals were trapped on 71 occasions during 1223 trap-nights. Gliders formed relatively stable family groups, each comprising a single resident pair living in a monogamous relationship with or without dependent offspring. They bred between August and October. Four females were observed with a single pouch young. Each pair occupied substantially separate ranges of between 30 and 55 ha. The maximum number of individuals estimated to be present during any month was eight. Den hollows were located only in living trees and one family group of three individuals used at least eight den trees within their home area. All sap-site trees were located mid-slope and were used mainly during the winter-spring months. Analysis of faeces and direct observation of feeding animals indicated that the bulk of this glider's diet is made up of arthropods, supplemented with insect and plant exudates. Some management implications, based on the life-history requirements of this glider, are discussed.
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Soesanto, Rayinda Pramuditya, Afrin Fauzya Rizana, and Luciana Andrawina. "Design of Reporting, Evaluation, and Monitoring Application for Student Organization Activity in University." International Journal of Innovation in Enterprise System 3, no. 01 (October 4, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25124/ijies.v3i01.100.
Full textAbstract:
In few decades, the development of information system has been increased rapidly. It is because most organization in various sector of industries, commerce, government, or even education become highly dependent on the use of the information system. This study aimed to design the application that will facilitate the activities in organization based on what user needs. The object of this study is student affair department in one of faculty in one of the universities in Indonesia. The method employed in this study to design the system is waterfall method. The system designed in this study is the focus for the activities related to student organization activities. The result of this study is there are eight dimensions quality that has to be fulfilled by the system according to the result of focus group discussion and Delphi method. The system designed in this study was adjusted to the needs that have been defined previously.
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Zahmatkesh, Masumeh, Shahla Faal Siahkal, Fatemeh Alahverdi, Golshan Tahmasebi, and Elham Ebrahimi. "The role of art therapy on quality of life of women with recent pregnancy loss: A randomized clinical trial." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 25, 2024): e0305403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305403.
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Background Pregnancy loss and mourning can lead to psychological adverse effects on women’s quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of art therapy on the quality of life of women with pregnancy loss. Methods This study was a randomized clinical trial performed on 60 women who recently experienced abortion or stillbirth. After randomization in two groups (30 in each group), women in the intervention group received four session art therapy. In the control group, routine care was performed. The Perinatal Grief Scale and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire, short version 26, was used to collect data before and eight weeks after intervention, and the result was compared before and after the intervention in both groups. Results The mean age of participants was 26.5±4.75 years. Eight weeks after the intervention, the mean score of the total quality of life was significantly different between the two groups (348.64±13.12 vs.254.46±58.35; P>0.01). Also, all physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions of quality of life improved in the art therapy group compared to the control group (P>0.01). Conclusions Art therapy could improve the quality-of-life following pregnancy loss, and can be recommended as a complementary method next to routine care. Trial registration IRCT20200104046002N1.
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McKim, K. S., M. F. Heschl, R. E. Rosenbluth, and D. L. Baillie. "Genetic organization of the unc-60 region in Caenorhabditis elegans." Genetics 118, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/118.1.49.
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Abstract We have investigated the chromosomal region around unc-60 V, a gene affecting muscle structure, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The region studied covers 3 map units and lies at the left end of linkage group (LG) V. Compared to the region around dpy-11 (at the center of LGV), the unc-60 region has relatively few visible genes per map unit. We found the same to be true for essential genes. By screening simultaneously for recessive lethals closely linked to either dpy-11 or unc-60, we recovered ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutations in 10 essential genes near dpy-11 but in only two genes near unc-60. Four deficiency breakpoints were mapped to the unc-60 region. Using recombination and deficiency mapping we established the following gene order: let-336, unc-34, let-326, unc-60, emb-29, let-426. Regarding unc-60 itself, we compared the effect of ten alleles (including five isolated during this study) on hermaphrodite mobility and fecundity. We used intragenic mapping to position eight of these alleles. The results show that these alleles are not distributed uniformly within the gene, but map to two groups approximately 0.012 map unit apart.
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Simkhada, Nav Raj. "Indicators for Measuring Performance of Financial Cooperatives in Nepal." Journal of Business and Management Research 2, no. 1-2 (October 8, 2017): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbmr.v2i1-2.18152.
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Comprehensive institutional assessment tool helps to appraise performance of an organization and adopt appropriate strategies for enhancing performance. Different organizations demand different indicators and standards for appraising performance. Different tools such as PEARLS and CAMEL have been prescribed measure performance of financial institutions. These tools were developed in different contexts and are not adopted in Nepali cooperative sector. The objective of this paper is to identify and recommend different indicators for measuring performance of financial cooperatives in Nepal. Expert interviews and focus group discussions were applied to explore the indicators for performance assessment. The identified indicators were piloted with randomly selected 210 cooperatives. The findings showed that 32 financial ratios under eight performance measurement dimensions and 25 self-governance related indicators are needed to assess the performance of financial cooperatives in Nepal and elsewhere. Implications of the findings are discussed and limitations of the study are highlighted,
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Glimelius, B., T. Linné, K. Hoffman, L. Larsson, J. H. Svensson, P. Näsman, B. Svensson, and C. Helmers. "Epoetin beta in the treatment of anemia in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 16, no. 2 (February 1998): 434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1998.16.2.434.
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PURPOSE The possibility that epoetin beta (EPO) could increase hemoglobin (B-Hb) levels and improve quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred patients with gastric, pancreatic, biliary, or colorectal cancers and subnormal B-Hb levels were included in a randomized study to test low-dose EPO (2,000 U subcutaneously thrice weekly [2,000 group]) against a higher dose (10,000 U times three [10,000 group]). Eighty-four patients were treated with chemotherapy. QoL was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 instrument. RESULTS At baseline, mean B-Hb was 108 g/L with no difference between the groups. In the 10,000 group, an increase in B-Hb (>10 g/L) was seen in 30 (73%) patients treated with chemotherapy, after a median of 4 weeks, whereas a corresponding increase in the 2,000 group was seen in 15 (30%) patients after a median of 10 weeks (P < .001). A difference in the proportion of responders (five of eight v one of eight) was also seen in the group of patients not treated with chemotherapy. The proportion of responders was independent of baseline endogenous serum EPO level or observed/predicted log10 serum (S)-EPO levels. Patients who demonstrated improved B-Hb levels also showed improvements in QoL parameters. Tumor response was usually also associated with QoL improvements. CONCLUSION Treatment with EPO at a dose of 10,000 U thrice weekly can rapidly and safely increase B-Hb levels in a high proportion of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers. QoL is influenced by the B-Hb increase, but also by the course of the underlying malignancy. It is therefore difficult to define clearly the clinical relevance of the B-Hb increase as such.
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Norton, Anderson, and Jesse L. M. Wilkins. "The Splitting Group." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 43, no. 5 (November 2012): 557–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.43.5.0557.
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Piagetian theory describes mathematical development as the construction and organization of mental operations within psychological structures. Research on student learning has identified the vital roles of two particular operations–splitting and units coordination–play in students' development of advanced fractions knowledge. Whereas Steffe and colleagues (e.g., Steffe, 2001; Steffe & Olive, 2010) describe these knowledge structures in terms of fractions schemes, Piaget introduced the possibility of modeling students' psychological structures with formal mathematical structures, such as algebraic groups. This paper demonstrates the utility of modeling students' development with a structure that is isomorphic to the positive rational numbers under multiplication–the splitting group. We use a quantitative analysis of written assessments from 58 eighth grade students to test hypotheses related to this development. Results affirm and refine an existing hypothetical learning trajectory for students' constructions of advanced fractions schemes by demonstrating that splitting is a necessary precursor to students' constructions of 3 levels of units coordination.
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Veloso-Besio, Constanza Beatriz, Alejandro Cuadra-Peralta, Francisco Gil-Rodríguez, Felipe Ponce-Correa, and Oscar Sjöberg-Tapia. "Effectiveness of training, based on positive psychology and social skills, applied to supervisors, to face resistance to organizational change." Journal of Organizational Change Management 32, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-04-2018-0099.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of training, applied to supervisors, to face the effects of resistance to organizational change on work motivation and organizational climate of their direct employees. Design/methodology/approach A quasi-experimental design with a control group was used. The training program was applied in a public organization, which was going through a process of organizational change. The human resources unit formed two groups according to the needs of the organization. A group of seven supervisors received training (experimental group), and another group of eight supervisors received no training (control group). The effectiveness of the training was measured in the subalterns of the supervisors who formed both groups. The training was based on positive psychology and social skills and covered a period of one month and three weeks. The outcomes variables were: work motivation and organizational climate. Findings There was a statistically significant increase, from the pretest to the posttest, in the dependent variables registered in the experimental group, compared to the control group. The size of the change (effect size) was moderate magnitude to high. Originality/value This research shows an effective training system, applied in supervisors, to improve the work motivation and the organizational climate of the subordinates in processes of organizational change that generate resistance to change in them.
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Bal, Cenkhan, Alev Alacam, Tamer Tuzuner, Resmiye Ebru Tirali, and Emre Baris. "Effects of Antiseptics on Pulpal Healing under Calcium Hydroxide Pulp Capping: A Pilot Study." European Journal of Dentistry 05, no. 03 (July 2011): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698891.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of three different antiseptic materials on healing processes of direct pulp therapies with Ca(OH)2 histopathologically. Methods: Twenty-eight upper and lower first molar teeth from 7 male Wistar rats were used in this study. Four cavities were prepared in each rat in four quadrants, and each quadrant represented different experimental groups. In Group I: 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); in Group II: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX); in Group III: 0.1% octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT); and in Group IV 0.9% sterile saline was applied to the exposure site with a sterile cotton pellet for 3 minutes. After hemorrhage control, the pulps were capped with hard setting Ca(OH)2 and, finally, restored with IRM. The animals were euthanized at 21 days post-operatively. After sacrificing, routine histological procedures were performed and evaluated statistically with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test among the groups and two-by-two comparisons by using the Mann-Whitney U test for inflammatory response and tissue organization scores at the confidence interval of 95%. Results: There were significant differences in inflammatory response and tissue organization scores between the groups (P<.05). Statistical evaluation of inflammatory response showed that Group IV was significantly different from Groups I, II and III separately with a higher inflammatory cell response (P<.05) whereas no significant differences were detected between the other groups in two-by-two comparisons (P>.05). Healthy coronal and radicular pulp tissue organization scores indicated that the Group I has better pulp tissue organization than Group IV and this was significantly different (P<.05) whereas no significant differences were observed between the other groups separately (P>.05). Conclusions: The antiseptic materials used in this study created an environment that, rather than saline solution, may affect clinical and histological success in a positive way. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:265-272)
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Bileviciute-Ljungar, Indre, Jan-Rickard Norrefalk, and Kristian Borg. "Improved Functioning and Activity According to the International Classification of Functioning and Disability after Multidisciplinary Telerehabilitation for Post-COVID-19 Condition—A Randomized Control Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13040970.
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This study investigates the outcomes and feasibility concerning the functioning and activity of multidisciplinary group telerehabilitation for a post-COVID-19 condition. Recruitment for the group rehabilitation was announced three times during 2021 and 2022 through the COVID-19 patient organization in Sweden. The key inclusion criteria were remaining symptoms and functional impairments beyond 12 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection; medical assessment and treatment regarding comorbidities or new postinfection symptoms; the ability to use the Internet. Participants were randomized into a rehabilitation group or onto a waiting list using an Internet program. Multiple outcomes included self-scored questionnaires and physical tests before and after eight weeks, and at six months follow-up. Here, we present the self-scored outcomes on the International Classification of Functioning and Disability questionnaire (ICF, 22 body functions and 16 activity/participation categories) and breathing scales. Of the 164 participants who registered for the study, 67 (mean age 43, 78% women) participated in an eight-week group rehabilitation compared to 42 who served as waiting list controls (mean age 47, 88% women). At six months follow-up, 60 participants from the rehabilitation group and 21 from the waiting list completed the data. The results indicate that a larger number of ICF body functions and activity/participation categories had improved in the rehabilitation group after eight weeks and six months. Overall credibility, as assessed by the Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire, was high, and the attrition rate in rehabilitation was low. The results indicate beneficial outcomes for multidisciplinary telerehabilitation in people suffering from a post-COVID-19 condition. Therefore, rehabilitation interventions should be further developed and implemented in clinical practice.
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Prachagool, Veena, and Chanlada Arsaiboon. "Scientific attitudes of young children through literature-based and project-based learning organization." JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia) 7, no. 3 (November 30, 2021): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v7i3.16646.
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Young children’s scientific attitude is basic norms of human kind to cultivated actual learning, which has been an expected to be a curious, motivated, generous and responsible person. The study aimed to investigate scientific attitude of young children through literature-based and project-based learning organization (LPBL). The participants employed were young children, aged five to six years from Mahasarakham University Demonstration School (Elementary), Thailand. The duration of the study was nine weeks. The experiment was conducted in eight weeks, four days a week and 90 minutes per day which were done in 32 times. The research instruments were 32 LPBL learning plans, learning behavior observation forms, scientific attitude inventory, and debriefing focuses group interviews. The descriptive statistics used in the study were average and standard deviation. The results showed that the young children have scientific attitudes at high level by means of LPBL learning organization. The qualitative data supported that they express scientific attitudes in accordance with nature of learning.