Academic literature on the topic 'Group with ancestors from Africa'
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Journal articles on the topic "Group with ancestors from Africa"
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Kaszycka, Katarzyna A. "The Australopithecines – An Extinct Group of Human Ancestors: My Scientific Interest in South Africa." Werkwinkel 12, no. 1 (2017): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/werk-2017-0001.
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Abstract I introduce the subject of my research interest in South Africa - the australopithecines - a group of bipedal, small-brained and large-toothed creatures from the Plio-Pleistocene, from which the human genus arose. I then briefly discuss various topics of my research, concerning: (1) Taxonomic status and morphological description of the extinct human relative from the Kromdraai site (Australopithecus robustus); (2) Graphic reconstruction of the partial skull from Kromdraai - specimen numbered TM 1517; (3) Assessment of size sexual dimorphism of the South African australopithecines (Australopithecus robustus and Australopithecus africanus), which, in terms of facial features, was pronounced - being almost gorilla-sized; (4) Social behavior of a fossil hominid species from around 2 million years ago, which, in terms of the social structure, was most likely a multimale-multifemale one; and (5) An event from the history of paleoanthropology, concerning the content of the 1924/25 photographs of the Taung Child (Australopithecus africanus) - the first australopithecine skull discovered.
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Strauß, Lena, Marc Stegger, Patrick Eberechi Akpaka, et al. "Origin, evolution, and global transmission of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus ST8." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 49 (2017): E10596—E10604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702472114.
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USA300 is a pandemic clonal lineage of hypervirulent, community-acquired, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) with specific molecular characteristics. Despite its high clinical relevance, the evolutionary origin of USA300 remained unclear. We used comparative genomics of 224 temporal and spatial diverse S. aureus isolates of multilocus sequence type (ST) 8 to reconstruct the molecular evolution and global dissemination of ST8, including USA300. Analyses of core SNP diversity and accessory genome variations showed that the ancestor of all ST8 S. aureus most likely emerged in Central Europe in the mid-19th century. From here, ST8 was exported to North America in the early 20th century and progressively acquired the USA300 characteristics Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL), SCCmec IVa, the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and a specific mutation in capsular polysaccharide gene cap5E. Although the PVL-encoding phage ϕSa2USA was introduced into the ST8 background only once, various SCCmec types were introduced to ST8 at different times and places. Starting from North America, USA300 spread globally, including Africa. African USA300 isolates have aberrant spa-types (t112, t121) and form a monophyletic group within the clade of North American USA300. Large parts of ST8 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolated in Africa represent a symplesiomorphic group of ST8 (i.e., a group representing the characteristics of the ancestor), which are rarely found in other world regions. Isolates previously discussed as USA300 ancestors, including USA500 and a “historic” CA-MRSA from Western Australia, were shown to be only distantly related to recent USA300 clones.
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Nunn, Nathan, and Leonard Wantchekon. "The Slave Trade and the Origins of Mistrust in Africa." American Economic Review 101, no. 7 (2011): 3221–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.7.3221.
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We show that current differences in trust levels within Africa can be traced back to the transatlantic and Indian Ocean slave trades. Combining contemporary individual-level survey data with historical data on slave shipments by ethnic group, we find that individuals whose ancestors were heavily raided during the slave trade are less trusting today. Evidence from a variety of identification strategies suggests that the relationship is causal. Examining causal mechanisms, we show that most of the impact of the slave trade is through factors that are internal to the individual, such as cultural norms, beliefs, and values. (JEL J15, N57, Z13)
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Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, Mark Lipson, Swapan Mallick, et al. "A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 11 (2018): E2566—E2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720554115.
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Elephantids are the world’s most iconic megafaunal family, yet there is no comprehensive genomic assessment of their relationships. We report a total of 14 genomes, including 2 from the American mastodon, which is an extinct elephantid relative, and 12 spanning all three extant and three extinct elephantid species including an ∼120,000-y-old straight-tusked elephant, a Columbian mammoth, and woolly mammoths. Earlier genetic studies modeled elephantid evolution via simple bifurcating trees, but here we show that interspecies hybridization has been a recurrent feature of elephantid evolution. We found that the genetic makeup of the straight-tusked elephant, previously placed as a sister group to African forest elephants based on lower coverage data, in fact comprises three major components. Most of the straight-tusked elephant’s ancestry derives from a lineage related to the ancestor of African elephants while its remaining ancestry consists of a large contribution from a lineage related to forest elephants and another related to mammoths. Columbian and woolly mammoths also showed evidence of interbreeding, likely following a latitudinal cline across North America. While hybridization events have shaped elephantid history in profound ways, isolation also appears to have played an important role. Our data reveal nearly complete isolation between the ancestors of the African forest and savanna elephants for ∼500,000 y, providing compelling justification for the conservation of forest and savanna elephants as separate species.
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Bantjes, Jason, Leslie Swartz, and Sithembile Cembi. "“Our lifestyle is a mix-match”: Traditional healers talk about suicide and suicide prevention in South Africa." Transcultural Psychiatry 55, no. 1 (2017): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461517722065.
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Practitioners of traditional African medicine (traditional healers) are an important part of the health care system in South Africa, yet their voices are often absent from discussions about public health. In this context, we set out to investigate how a group of traditional healers in South Africa understand suicide and suicide prevention. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 6 traditional healers and analysed using thematic content analysis. The traditional healers report they are frequently consulted by suicidal individuals and they are confident about their ability to help people in a suicidal crisis. Findings suggest that traditional healers understand suicidal behaviour as a symptom of social disconnection and cultural discontinuity. Traditional healers report that suicidal individuals can be helped by reestablishing interpersonal connections, reconnecting to family and ancestors, and renewing their cultural identities through rituals. These findings suggest that there is some congruence between the way traditional healers understand suicide and the Western scientific and biomedical literature. Our findings raise important questions about cultural approaches to suicide research which are commonly premised on dualistic thinking that constructs culture as something distinct from Western biomedicine.
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Nwokeji, G. Ugo, and David Eltis. "The Roots of the African Diaspora: Methodological Considerations in the Analysis of Names in the Liberated African Registers of Sierra Leone and Havana." History in Africa 29 (2002): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172169.
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Europe and the Americas have long dominated studies of transatlantic exchanges and much more is known about European participation in the Atlantic world than of its African counterpart. Current knowledge of how those parts of Africa located a few miles away from the African littoral contributed to the early modern Atlantic World is particularly sparse. This is despite the fact that the slave trade was the largest branch of transatlantic migration between Columbian contact and 1870, and that it is becoming apparent that Africans and indigenous Americans helped shape the new political and economic power structures, as well as the post-Columbian worlds of culture and labor.Assessments of the impact of any group on the global stage must begin with the nature of the group itself, and thus efforts to raise the African profile in Atlantic scholarship and to focus on the agency of Africans must quickly face the contentious issue of ethnicity. From the broadest perspective, it is odd that the way the ancestors of the Atlantic World defined themselves should have become so much more contentious among Africanists and Afro-Americanists than among those scholars who study Europe and Europeans overseas. At the outset of the repeopling of the Americas, the European state existed in nascent form in only Spain, Britain, and France. The predominance of the nation-state in the way the world is organized in the twenty-first century—rather than its status in 1492—has perhaps led scholars to stress the contrasts between Africa and Europe on issues of early modern nationhood, and, more generally, human identity.
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Aït Boughrous, A., M. Boulanouar, M. Yacoubi, and N. Coineau. "The first Microcharon (Crustacea, Isopoda, Microparasellidae) from the Moroccan North Saharan Platform. Phylogeny, origin and palaeobiogeography." Contributions to Zoology 76, no. 1 (2007): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07601003.
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The interstitial stygobites of the genus Microcharon (Crustacea, Isopoda, Microparasellidae) are highly diversified in Morocco, especially in the High Atlas. A new species from the North Saharan platform is described. Microcharon oubrahimae n. sp. is characterized by the original morphology of the first male pleopod which exhibits a concave inner margin of the distal part and a subdistal position of the armature. From a phylogenetic point of view, M. oubrahimae does not belong to the lineage which includes the Moroccan Atlasian species. In contrast, it belongs to the eastern- Mediterranean group of species. It is related to the species of the groupM. orghidani -M. bureschi -M. phlegetonis from Romania and Bulgaria. The two-step model of colonization and evolution provides an understanding of the origin and evolutionary history of this stygobiont. M. oubrahimae derived from marine ancestors that lived in the littoral interstitial waters of the marine gulfs which covered the Errachidia-Boudnib-Erfoud basin within the pre-African trench during the Turonian or more likely Early Senonian. These marine ancestors might have settled in fresh groundwater during the regressive phases of the Turonian embayment or more likely of the brief Coniacian-Santonian gulf.
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Zelenkov, Nikita V. "The first fossil parrot (Aves, Psittaciformes) from Siberia and its implications for the historical biogeography of Psittaciformes." Biology Letters 12, no. 10 (2016): 20160717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0717.
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Modern parrots (crown Psittaciformes) are a species-rich group of mostly tropical and subtropical birds with a very limited fossil record. A partial tarsometatarsus from the late Early Miocene of Siberia (Baikal Lake) is the first pre-Quaternary find of crown Psittaciformes in Asia (and Siberia in particular) and is also the northern-most find of this bird order worldwide. This find documents a broad geographical distribution of parrots during the warmest phase of the Miocene (the so-called ‘Miocene Climatic Optimum’), which has implications for the historical biogeography of Psittaciformes. The presence of parrots on both sides of the Pacific Ocean at the end of the Early Miocene implies a (most probably eastwards) trans-Beringian dispersal which likely took place about 16–18 Ma. The broad Eurasian distribution of parrots in the past further supports a hypothesis that ancestors of modern genera Coracopsis and Agapornis could reach Africa from Eurasia.
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Gol'din, Pavel, and Evgenij Zvonok. "Basilotritus uheni, a new cetacean (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) from the late middle Eocene of eastern Europe." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 2 (2013): 254–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-080r.1.
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A new basal basilosaurid cetacean, Basilotritus uheni n. gen. n. sp., comes from the late middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Ukraine. It is the earliest dated record of a cetacean from Eastern Europe. The tympanic bulla of Basilotritus uheni shares basilosaurid synapomorphies but possesses unusual traits inherited from protocetids. Cetaceans related to Basilotritus uheni and referred to as Eocetus or “Eocetus” have been recorded from Africa, Europe, North America and South America. “Eocetus” wardii from North America is recombined as Basilotritus wardii. Platyosphys paulsonii and Platyosphys einori from Ukraine are considered as nomina dubia; specimens prior referred to as Platyosphys sp. are similar or related to Basilotritus. Other records of the Eocene cetaceans from Ukraine and south Russia are identified as Basilotritus or related genera. Early basilosaurids are demonstrated to be a paraphyletic, morphologically and geographically diverse group of the genera that colonized the world ocean as late as in Bartonian age and were probably the ancestors of Neoceti, as well as of more derived basilosaurids.
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Amos, William. "Correlated and geographically predictable Neanderthal and Denisovan legacies are difficult to reconcile with a simple model based on inter-breeding." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 6 (2021): 201229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201229.
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Although the presence of archaic hominin legacies in humans is taken for granted, little attention has been given as to how the data fit with how humans colonized the world. Here, I show that Neanderthal and Denisovan legacies are strongly correlated and that inferred legacy size, like heterozygosity, exhibits a strong correlation with distance from Africa. Simulations confirm that, once created, legacy size is extremely stable: it may reduce through admixture with lower legacy populations but cannot increase significantly through neutral drift. Consequently, populations carrying the highest legacies are likely to be those whose ancestors inter-bred most with archaics. However, the populations with the highest legacies are globally scattered and are unified, not by having origins within the known Neanderthal range, but instead by living in locations that lie furthest from Africa. Furthermore, the Simons Genome Diversity Project data reveal two distinct correlations between Neanderthal and Denisovan legacies, one that starts in North Africa and increases west to east across Eurasia and into some parts of Oceania, and a second, much steeper trend that starts in Africa, peaking with the San and Ju/’hoansi and which, if extrapolated, predicts the large inferred legacies of both archaics found in Oceania/Australia. Similar ‘double’ trends are observed for the introgression statistic f 4 in a second large dataset published by Qin and Stoneking (Qin & Stoneking 2015 Mol. Biol. Evol. 32 , 2665–2674 ( doi:10.1093/molbev/msv141 )). These trends appear at odds with simple models of how introgression occurred though more complicated patterns of introgression could potentially generate better fits. Moreover, substituting archaic genomes with those of great apes yields similar but biologically impossible signals of introgression, suggesting that the signals these metrics capture arise within humans and are largely independent of the test group. Interestingly, the data do appear to fit a speculative model in which the loss of diversity that occurred when humans moved further from Africa created a gradient in heterozygosity that in turn progressively reduced mutation rate such that populations furthest from Africa have diverged less from our common ancestor and hence from the archaics. In this light, the two distinct trends could be interpreted in terms of two ‘out of Africa’ events, an early one ending in Oceania and Australia and a later one that colonized Eurasia and the Americas.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Group with ancestors from Africa"
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Fortunato, Geisa Juliana Gomes Marques. "O programa nacional de alimentação escolar no contexto das comunidades remanescentes de quilombos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3630.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-31<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>The maroon organization was a resource for physical and cultural survival of former slaves and served as an instrument for preserving the dignity of descendants of Africans trafficked to Brazil, who fought to regain the right to freedom. The study aimed to evaluate the National School Feeding Programme in some remaining quilombo communities of Goiás. This is an exploratory descriptive transversal study in schools located in communities remaining Quilombo certified by the Palmares Cultural Foundation, from March to August 2012. Characteristics of the menus and the diversity of food, food insert in Maroon and food culture nutritional composition; attribute information from the National School Feeding Programme Quilombo as financial resources and family farms were collected. Descriptive analyzes and multivariate analysis with application of the technique of Principal Component Analysis was performed to assess the adequacy of menus. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Goiás maroons study involved 31 schools in seven municipalities of Goiás, of these 26 (83.8%) were enrolled in the School Census 2012. The per capita value for students Maroons schools was unknown to 75.0% of the representatives of the School Nutrition Council. Seventeen (54.8%) schools buy groceries Family Agriculture, and in 11 schools the supplier were maroon family farmer. There is a large variability in food supply with 35.60% of fruits, vegetables and 26.7% of the food group of fat, sugar and salt. In menus analyzed the frequency of food in maroon food crop was manioc (0.5%), manioc flour (1.5%), maize (2.7%) and derived from corn (1.1%) as the preparation offered on the menu. Only one menu was nutritionally adequate according to the recommended. There are inefficiencies in the implementation of the Programme in terms of financial resource, purchase of family farming and appropriateness of the menu. We suggest a reinterpretation of the existing legal basis for the Program with an eye to improving the quality of life of this population based on the promotion of healthy eating habits, food culture and respect for overcoming social vulnerability and food and nutrition insecurity.<br>A organização quilombola foi um recurso para a sobrevivência física e cultural dos antigos escravos e serviu como instrumento de preservação da dignidade de descendentes dos africanos traficados para o Brasil, que lutaram para reconquistar o direito à liberdade. O estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar em algumas comunidades remanescentes de quilombos de Goiás. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo exploratório realizado em escolas localizadas em comunidades remanescentes de quilombos certificadas pela Fundação Cultural Palmares, no período de março a agosto de 2012. Foram coletadas informações sobre atributos do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar Quilombola quanto a recurso financeiro e agricultura familiar; características dos cardápios quanto à diversidade de alimentos, inserção de alimentos da cultura alimentar quilombola e composição nutricional. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise multivariada com aplicação da técnica de Análise dos Componentes Principais para avaliar a adequação dos cardápios. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Participaram do estudo 31 escolas quilombolas localizadas em sete municípios de Goiás, destas 26 (83,87%) eram cadastradas no Censo Escolar 2012. O valor per capita para estudantes de escolas quilombolas era desconhecido por 75,0% dos representantes do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar. Dezessete (54,8%) escolas compravam gêneros alimentícios da Agricultura Familiar, sendo que em 11 escolas o fornecedor era agricultor familiar quilombola. Há uma grande variabilidade de alimentos com oferta de 35,6% de frutas, legumes e verduras e 26,7% de alimentos do grupo de gordura, açúcar e sal. Nos cardápios analisados a frequência de alimentos da cultura alimentar quilombola foi de mandioca (0,5%), farinha de mandioca (1,5%), milho (2,7%) e derivado de milho (1,1%) conforme a preparação oferecida no cardápio. Apenas um cardápio estava nutricionalmente adequado de acordo com o recomendado. Há ineficiência na execução do Programa quanto ao recurso financeiro, compra da agricultura familiar e adequação do cardápio. Sugere-se uma releitura da base legal vigente do Programa com um olhar para a melhoria da qualidade de vida desta população com base na promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis, respeito à cultura alimentar e superação da vulnerabilidade social e insegurança alimentar e nutricional.
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Cordeiro, Mariana de Morais. "Excesso de peso em estudantes quilombolas e a insegurança alimentar em seus domicílios." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3234.
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Previous issue date: 2013-04-26<br>Introduction: despite the few studies on the profile of health and nutritional
status of young quilombolas, one realizes that the urban environment can
influence the eating habits of this population, with consequent occurrence of
overweight. This situation of nutritional status and dietary pattern in quilombolas
communities seems to be a nonsense when it shows the concomitant presence
of food insecurity in their homes. Objective: to characterize the nutritional
status of students quilombolas and food security in their homes. Methods: A
cross-sectional study with 226 students from six to 19 years who attended local
schools visited in the period March-August 2012. Information was collected on
age, sex, nutritional status, location of the school who were enrolled and
applying the Brazilian Scale for Measuring Food Insecurity conducted with the
families of the students interviewed. Tests were conducted chi-square
association considered significant when p-value presented <0.05. The study
was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Goiás
Results and discussion: food insecurity was present in 75.2% of families
quilombolas. There was a higher frequency of overweight (17.2%) compared to
the low weight (1.3%) among students. Overweight was more common among
students enrolled in urban schools (28.2%) (p <0,05). Conclusions: The
presence of overweight concomitant to food and nutrition insecurity allows
questioning about new lifestyles and consumption, and even on the poverty
profile now present in Brazil. The urbanization of these communities may be an
influencing factor in this correlation, which is the reason we suggest new studies
to further this discussion.<br>Introdução: apesar dos poucos estudos sobre o perfil de saúde e estado
nutricional dos jovens quilombolas, percebe-se que o meio urbano pode
influenciar no hábito alimentar dessa população, com consequente ocorrência
de excesso de peso. Essa situação do estado nutricional e padrão alimentar
nas comunidades quilombolas parece ser um contrassenso quando se
evidencia a concomitante presença de insegurança alimentar em seus
domicílios. Objetivo: caracterizar o estado nutricional de estudantes
quilombolas e a segurança alimentar nos seus domicílios. Métodos: estudo
transversal com 226 estudantes, de seis a 19 anos que frequentavam escolas
dos municípios visitados, no período de março a agosto de 2012. Foram
coletadas informações sobre idade, sexo, estado nutricional, localização da
escola que estavam matriculados e aplicação da Escala Brasileira de Medida
de Insegurança Alimentar realizada com as famílias dos alunos entrevistados.
Foram realizados testes de associação qui-quadrado considerados
significativos sempre que apresentassem p-valor<0,05. O estudo foi aprovado
pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goiás.
Resultados e discussão: a insegurança alimentar esteve presente em 75,2%
das famílias quilombolas. Observou-se maior frequência de excesso de peso
(17,2%) em comparação ao baixo peso (1,3%) entre os estudantes. O excesso
de peso foi mais frequente entre os alunos matriculados nas escolas da zona
urbana (28,2%) (p<0,05). Conclusão: a presença de excesso de peso
concomitante à insegurança alimentar e nutricional permite questionar sobre
novos hábitos de vida e consumo, e mesmo sobre o perfil da pobreza hoje
presente no Brasil. A urbanização destas comunidades pode ser um fator de
influência nesta correlação, razão pela qual, sugerem-se novos estudos para
aprofundar esta discussão.
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Kungua, Benoit Awazi Mbambi. "From the God of the Ancestors to the God of Western Christianity: The Political Question of God in Postcolonial Africa." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2009. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,3281.
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Popova, Vlada. "Youth development through intercultural performance: A case study from Wesbank Arts and Culture Group, South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The research took place while the author worked as a volunteer theatre practitioner with the Arts and Culture Group in Wesbank township near Kuils River, Cape Town, South Africa. This organisation was founded in 2002 and was the result of one woman's efforts to keep the children of Wesbank off the streets, by keeping them busy through dance, song and drama. This study investigated the impact of basic theatre training, working towards performance and the performative act itself on the psyche of the drama group participants. More specifically, the study investigated in what ways being involved in a performance can help children and young people in an underprivileged community of Wesbank to develop confidence, a sense of competence, self-reliance, creative thinking, responsibility and the ability to work as an ensemble. The research was to a great extent focused on cross-cultural communication. How could the "<br>Cape Coloured"<br>and Xhosa members of the group overcome cultural barriers and express their cultural uniqueness equally through taking part in multicultural theatre performance.
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Campbell, Stuart Alexander. "Energy potential of the Ecca Group from the southern Main Karoo Basin, South Africa." Thesis, Keele University, 2018. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5586/.
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Energy shortages and sporadic, controlled blackouts have been a defining feature of South Africa’s aging national energy grid for more than a decade. To investigate local energy sources from shale gas, two boreholes were drilled in the southern Main Karoo Basin into the Permian-aged Ecca Group by the Karoo Research Initiative. Borehole KZF-1 (Western Cape) intersected thick shale successions of the lower Ecca Group and revealed the stratigraphic duplication of the Whitehill (shale gas target) and Prince Albert Formations. This structural deformation was most likely as a result of the organic-rich formations, acting as a decollement for thrust faults related to the north-south directed compression of the Cape Orogeny. Reservoir compartmentalisation and gas escape along porous fault zones hinder hydrocarbon exploration in the area. Borehole KWV-1 (Eastern Cape) revealed thick successions of turbiditic sandstones and a moderately elevated geothermal gradient. The clastic rocks have low permeabilities and high thermal conductivities. Analysis of the petro- and thermophysical data from the Ripon Formation sandstones, from both the core and nearby Ecca Pass outcrop location, show the potential of the formation as an Enhanced Geothermal Reservoir, with temperatures exceeding 100°C being suitable for energy production from a binary geothermal power plant. The comparison of combined gamma-ray logs, geothermal potential of samples (specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity) and lithological logs show a correlation between lithological composition and geothermal reservoir potential that can be identified in gamma-ray log patterns. These correlations can be extrapolated for purposes of geothermal exploration in non-cored nearby boreholes. The numerous pre-existing faults, decreasing from the basin’s southern margin towards the basin interior, elevate the risk of inducing seismic events from the use of reservoir stimulation techniques associated with energy exploration, as well as wastewater management associated with future extraction activities.
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Tainton, Kenneth Melbourne. "The petrogenesis of Group-2 kimberlites and lamproites from the northern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283683.
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Mohammed, Amina. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS of hotel staff from a selected hotel group in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1589.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006.<br>The HIV/AIDS pandemic poses one of the greatest challenges to business
development in South Africa. The hotel industry is growing rapidly and will be
. significantly affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The purpose of this study was
to determine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) regarding HIV/AIDS
of staff from nine Protea group hotels in Cape Town. A sample of 200 hotel staff
was randomly selected to participate. A structured self-administered anonymous
questionnaire was the instrument used to collect the data.
The response rate was 81%. There were more females than males, and the
majority of the respondents were between the ages of 21-30 years. More than
half of the respondents were single, hotel managers and with matriculation as the
highest qualification. The respondents demonstrated a reasonably good
knowledge on the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Almost half of the respondents
believed that HIV/AIDS would not affect the hotel industry. The survey revealed
conflicting results on whether HIV-infected staff should be involved in food
preparation, and whether staff should serve food to HIV positive hotel guests.
There were also concerns of the risk of infection when handling dirty linen used
by HIV-infected hotel guests.
More males than females were currently sexually active and reported having
more than one partner in the past three years. The majority of the respondents
believed that condoms were effective, but only one third reported the use of a
condom every time they had a sexual encounter. There was a significant
relationship between knowledge and attitudes (p-value<0.05, but none between
knowledge and practice and attitude and practice.
It is recommended that the hotel industry develop effective workplace policies
and supportive environments, and that on-going HIV/AIDS education and
prevention programmes be implemented to change high risk sexual behaviour
and practices.
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Sabin, Nicholas Edward. "Group structure and behaviour in microfinance : empirics from Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:77bff847-c50b-4e22-8859-5134ea74b7c2.
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The use of group lending for poverty alleviation is a widespread feature of modern microfinance. The structure of joint-liability credit - if one member defaults the others are held financially responsible - produces a natural tension between a borrower's social and economic interests. This study integrates theory from economics, sociology, and behavioural experiments to address the question, "How do social and economic mechanisms interact to shape a microcredit group's financial behaviour?" The empirical analysis involves an original dataset from a microfinance institution in Sierra Leone. The total dataset includes 7,025 joint-liability borrowers involved in 47,931 repayment transactions from 2005 to 2011. The empirical methods used are diverse: ethnographic fieldwork, GPS spatial analysis, social affiliation survey design, and multilevel statistical analysis of loan performance data. The original work is structured as three distinct papers. In the first paper, I examine social collateral, the formal use of a borrower's relationships as security against loan default. How does a group's spatial structure affect the efficacy of social collateral? Spatial concentration improves a group's economic performance up to a certain level after which the effect reverses and performance declines. The relationship is driven by a social trade-off between ability and willingness to enforce the loan. Further, groups that consist of multiple spatial fragments produce worse performance. Spatially fragmented groups are prone to splitting into social factions. In the second paper, I question what drives the self-selection process of microcredit group formation. The results show that group leaders prefer members with pre-existing social ties, who are spatially proximate, and have matching business types. The preference for socio-spatial factors is likely motivated by reducing the risk of strategic default by group members. In the third paper, I explore how economic cooperation in small groups evolves over years of repeated interaction. Despite the selective retention of better performing groups, average cooperation rates consistently decline, in terms of contribution and effort. Further, variance across groups continues to increase over 30 months of repeated interaction, suggesting that convergence to a stable cooperation rate has not occurred. Given that group lending exhibits many of the factors found to promote cooperation in laboratory experiments, it is surprising to find such a marked decline in this field setting. Overall, this thesis contributes to economic sociology by dissecting the difficult trade-offs between social and economic motives in group lending and offers policy implications for microfinance institutions regarding group formation heuristics, contract design, and loan management.
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Reid, Mhairi. "Taphonomy, palaeoecology and taxonomy of an ophiuroid-stylophoran obrution deposit from the Lower Devonian Bokkeveld Group, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25404.
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The Lower Devonian Voorstehoek Formation is a fossil-rich, siliciclastic unit (Ceres Subgroup, Bokkeveld Group, Cape Supergroup) in South Africa. This Emsian unit contains a highly endemic benthic fossil biota characteristic of the cool to cold water Malvinokaffric Realm of southwestern Gondwana. The palaeontological and sedimentological investigations of the Voorstehoek Formation suggest that deposition took place in a shallow marine environment within the storm influenced, proximal part of an offshore transition zone. A relatively diverse, ophiuroid–stylophoran assemblage, well-preserved in the Karbonaatjies obrution bed, was excavated at the study site in the Hex River Pass, Western Cape. In this study the taphonomy, taxonomy and the palaeoautecology of Palaeozoic ophiuroids and stylophorans was investigated using micro CT scans. Over 60 samples were scanned, manually segmented and stitched together to create a virtual 3D model of a portion of the Karbonaatjies obrution bed. This method allowed for the determination of the degree of fossil articulation, fossil orientation and faunal counts, without damaging the delicate echinoderm fossils. Furthermore, the ability to digitally analyse the fossil-rich bed has revealed an echinoderm assemblage composed of over 700 articulated ophiuroids dominated by a proposed new genus and species Gamiroaster tempestatis, over 145 articulated mitrate stylophorans Paranacystis cf. petrii Caster, 1954 and eight Placocystella africana (Reed, 1925). Taphonomic analysis of this ophiuroid–stylophoran assemblage indicates this obrution deposit formed due to rapid burial that smothered a potentially gregarious community during a single storm event. Additionally, the admixture of skeletal debris and intact echinoderms present in the Karbonaatjies obrution bed reflects a complex history with significant time-averaging. This unique assemblage provides a taphonomic window into the marine ecosystems of the Early Devonian, including the structure of an unusual, echinoderm-dominated benthic community that forms part of a much wider fossil biota from the Falkland Islands and Precordillera of Argentina, which formed part of SW Gondwana.
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Weldon, Gail. "A comparative study of the construction of memory and identity in the curriculum in societies emerging from conflict Rwanda and South Africa /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09242009-234215.
Full textBooks on the topic "Group with ancestors from Africa"
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Stewart, Cameron Ralph. Genealogical classification by family group coding for descent from common ancestors. C.R. Stewart, 1986.
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Stewart, Cameron Ralph. Genealogical classification by family group coding for descent from common ancestors. C.R. Stewart, 1986.
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Winfrey, Oprah. Ancestors of Henry Louis Gates, Jr: In Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia from Africa, West Africa, and Europe. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2010.
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W, Allison Kevin, ed. African American psychology: From Africa to America. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 2010.
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W, Allison Kevin, ed. African American psychology: From Africa to America. Sage Publications, 2006.
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Outcasts from evolution: Scientific attitudes of racial inferiority, 1859-1900. Southern Illinois University Press, 1995.
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Mari, Harris, and Mattes Robert B, eds. SA tribes: Who we are, how we live and what we want from life in the new South Africa. David Philip, 2002.
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Group, Independent Expert Study. South Africa: The sanctions report, documents and statistics : a report from the Independent Expert Study Group on the evaluation of the application and impact of sanctions against South Africa. Commonwealth Secretariat in association with James Currey, 1990.
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From revolution to rights in South Africa: Social movements, NGOs & popular politics after apartheid. James Currey, 2008.
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Into the valley: The untold story of USAAF Troop Carrier in World War II, from North Africa through Europe. PrintComm, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Group with ancestors from Africa"
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Saraiva, Clara. "Ancestors and Death: From West Africa to Southwest Europe." In Death Across Cultures. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18826-9_10.
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Dionisio, Erika, and Franco Viviani. "Genital Stretching Among the Venda Ethnic Group (South Africa)." In Genital Cutting: Protecting Children from Medical, Cultural, and Religious Infringements. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6407-1_13.
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Clayton, Geoffrey C. "The Nature of Interstellar Dust in Local Group Galaxies from Observations of Extinction and Polarization." In New Extragalactic Perspectives in the New South Africa. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0335-7_22.
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Hazler, S. E., A. F. Sheehan, D. E. Mcnamara, and W. R. Walter. "One-dimensional Shear Velocity Structure of Northern Africa from Rayleigh Wave Group Velocity Dispersion." In Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Surface Waves. Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8264-4_8.
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Cilliers, Jakkie. "Closing the Gap." In The Future of Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_16.
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AbstractIn this concluding chapter Cilliers presents a combined Close the Gap scenario that integrates the eleven scenarios that were modelled in the previous chapters and compares the impact with the Current Path prospects on dimensions such as income growth, economic size, impact on extreme poverty and carbon emissions. The chapter then moves on to compare the impact of the scenarios with one another. The results differ for low, lower-middle and upper-income countries as well as over time. The differences are illustrated with reference to improvements for each income group in 2030, 2040 and 2050. The chapter then sketches out a broad description of a ‘standard economic growth model’ that emerges from the preceding analysis. It concludes by pointing to the similarities and differences compared to China’s recent history.
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Thorsen, Dorte, and Thomas Yeboah. "Mobility and the rural landscape of opportunity." In Youth and the rural economy in Africa: hard work and hazard. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245011.0005.
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Abstract This chapter looks at young women's and men's strategies for mobility in rural economies in Uganda, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Côte d'Ivoire. It draws on livelihood, life history and photo-voice interviews, as well as focus group discussions, with young people across 16 sites in the four countries. The chapter focuses on spatial mobilities resulting from: involuntary relocations because of conflict in society and/or disruption within the family setting; relocations for education; and relocations for work. The analysis investigates in particular the gendered nature of youth mobilities and immobilities, and their implications for livelihood building.
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Zamasiya, Byron, Kefasi Nyikahadzoi, and Billy Billiard Mukamuri. "Drivers of Level of Adaptation to Climate Change in Smallholder Farming Systems in Southern Africa: A Multilevel Modeling Approach." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_52.
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AbstractClimate change is a major development challenge affecting developing countries that rely on rain-fed agricultural production for food and income. Smallholder farmers in these countries are using multiple adaptation practices to manage the effects of climate change. This chapter examines household and community-level factors that influence smallholder farmers’ level of adaptation to climate change in the Hwedza District in Zimbabwe. Data for this study were collected from 400 randomly selected smallholder farmers, using a structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. The study used a multilevel modeling approach to examine the factors that influence smallholder farmers’ level of adaptation to climate change. Results from the study show that smallholder farmers’ level of adaptation to climate change is conditioned by access to extension services, access to remittances, family labor, household education (household level factors), and linking capital (community-level factor). This chapter therefore concludes that smallholder farmers that have higher levels of adaptation to climate change are those that are well linked to external organizations and have access to agricultural extension services. The chapter recommends that adaptation to climate change can be enhanced by improving access to agricultural extension services and promoting linkages with external organizations that provide information on agricultural adaptation practices.
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Nthambi, Mary, and Uche Dickson Ijioma. "Retracing Economic Impact of Climate Change Disasters in Africa: Case Study of Drought Episodes and Adaptation in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_66.
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AbstractValuation studies have shown that drought occurrences have more severe economic impact compared to other natural disasters such as floods. In Kenya, drought has presented complex negative effects on farming communities. The main objective of this chapter is to analyze the economic impacts of drought and identify appropriate climate change adaptation measures in Kenya. To achieve this objective, an empirical approach, combined with secondary data mined from World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal and FAOSTAT databases, has been used in three main steps. First, historical links between population size and land degradation, temperature and rainfall changes with drought events were established. Second, economic impacts of drought on selected economic indicators such as quantities of staple food crop, average food value production, number of undernourished people, gross domestic product, agriculture value added growth, and renewable water resources per annum in Kenya were evaluated. Third, different climate change adaptation measures among farmers in Makueni county were identified using focused group discussions and in-depth interviews, for which the use of bottom-up approach was used to elicit responses. Findings from the binary logistic regression model show a statistical relationship between drought events and a selected set of economic indicators. More specifically, drought events have led to increased use of pesticides, reduced access to credit for agriculture and the annual growth of gross domestic product. One of the main recommendations of this chapter is to involve farmers in designing and implementing community-based climate change adaptation measures, with support from other relevant stakeholders.
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Gosden, Chris. "3. In the beginning—African origins and global movements." In Prehistory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198803515.003.0003.
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‘In the beginning—African origins and global movements’ outlines the history of human ancestors, who split off from the other great apes in the late Miocene (c.7 mya (million years ago)). The most accepted direct ancestors to modern humans are the Australopethicines, appearing c.4 mya. From c.2.4 mya, the first members of the early Homo genus appear in east Africa. The first hominin to leave Africa was probably Homo erectus c.1.8 mya. It is thought today’s world population descends from a common ancestral group in Africa, spreading just under 100,000 years ago into the Middle East and then Europe, Asia, and beyond. Tool and fire use is also discussed.
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Wills, Christopher. "Evolution theory and the future of humanity." In Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.003.0007.
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No field of science has cast more light on both the past and the future of our species than evolutionary biology. Recently, the pace of new discoveries about how we have evolved has increased (Culotta and Pennisi, 2005). It is now clear that we are less unique than we used to think. Genetic and palaeontological evidence is now accumulating that hominids with a high level of intelligence, tool-making ability, and probably communication skills have evolved independently more than once. They evolved in Africa (our own ancestors), in Europe (the ancestors of the Neanderthals) and in Southeast Asia (the remarkable ‘hobbits’, who may be miniaturized and highly acculturated Homo erectus). It is also becoming clear that the genes that contribute to the characteristics of our species can be found and that the histories of these genes can be understood. Comparisons of entire genomes have shown that genes involved in brain function have evolved more quickly in hominids than in more distantly related primates. The genetic differences among human groups can now be investigated. Characters that we tend to think of as extremely important markers enabling us to distinguish among different human groups now turn out to be understandable at the genetic level, and their genetic history can be traced. Recently a single allelic difference between Europeans and Africans has been found (Lamason et al., 2005). This functional allelic difference accounts for about a third of the differences in skin pigmentation in these groups. Skin colour differences, in spite of the great importance they have assumed in human societies, are the result of natural selection acting on a small number of genes that are likely to have no effects beyond their influence on skin colour itself. How do these and other recent findings from fields ranging from palaeontology to molecular biology fit into present-day evolution theory, and what light do they cast on how our species is likely to evolve in the future? I will introduce this question by examining briefly how evolutionary change takes place.
Conference papers on the topic "Group with ancestors from Africa"
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Graham, J. B., D. B. Lubahn, J. D. Kirshtein, et al. "THE “MALMO“ EPITOPE OF FACTOR IX: PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF THE “VIKING“ GENE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643566.
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The epitope of a mouse monoclonal AB (9.9) which detects a Factor IX (F.IX) polymorphism in the plasma of normal persons (PNAS 82:3839, 1985) has been related to not more than 6 AA residues of F.IX by recombinant DNA technology. The same 6 residues define Smith’s polymorphic epitope (Am. J. Human Genet. 37:688, 1985 and in press). This region of F.IX contains the alanine:threonine dimorphism at residue 148 first suggested by McGraw et al. (PNAS 82: 2847, 1985) and established by Winship and Brownlee with synthetic DNA oligomers (Lancet in press). Using synthetic DNA probes, we have found that the DNA difference between positive and negative reactors to 9.9 is whether base pair 20422, the first pair in the codon for residue 148, is A:T or G:C. We can conclude that 9.9 reacts with F.IX containing threonine but not alanine at position 148.The F.IX immunologic polymorphism-whose epitope we are referring to as “Malmo”-is, not surprisingly, in strong linkage disequilibrium with two F.IX DNA polymorphisms, TaqI and Xmnl. The highest frequency of the rarer Malmo allele in 6 disparate ethnic groups was in Swedes (32%); a lower frequency (14%) was seen in White Americans whose ancestors came overwhelmingly from the Celtic regions of the British Isles; it was at very low frequency or absent in Black Americans, East Indians, Chinese and Malays. A maximum frequency in Swedes and absence in Africans and Orientals suggest that the transition from A:T to G:C occurred in Scandinavia and spread from there. The history of Europe and America plus the geographical distribution of the rare allele lead us to suggest that this locus might be designated: “the Viking gene”.
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Reid, Mhairi, Wendy L. Taylor, Emese Bordy, and Carlton E. Brett. "TAPHONOMY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF AN OPHIUROID-STYLOPHORAN OBRUTION DEPOSIT FROM THE LOWER DEVONIAN BOKKEVELD GROUP, SOUTH AFRICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-285839.
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Fedo, Christopher M., Latisha Ashley Brengman, Martin J. Whitehouse, and Jeffrey S. Hanor. "SILICON ISOTOPE RECORD OF EARLY SILICIFIED PALEOARCHEAN (~3.3 GA) KOMATIITES FROM THE ONVERWACHT GROUP, BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT, SOUTH AFRICA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303123.
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Задорожня, Ірина. "ДІАЛЕКТНА ТЕКСТОТЕКА: ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ". У Proceedings of the XXV International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25012021/7360.
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The article reviews the problem of Ukrainian dialectic textography. This scientific area has been recently enriched with new works. This article focuses on dialectic text. Text is one of the important tools to represent dialect materials. For example, small text fragments show how can a lexeme behave in a speech-space. One of the dialects of the central region of Ukraine was chosen for the analysis, as this dialect specifically is one of the ancestors of the modern Ukrainian literary language. The subject of the presented fragments is associated with popular geographical terminology. This vocabulary is closely related to primordial history and culture. This thematic group is archaic. It has not yet become the object of a separate study, which would represent the whole variety of dialects from the entire territory of Ukraine. Up until today, there are only a few regional works.
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Maharaj, Jassodra. "AN ANALYSIS INTO FDI AS A CONTRIBUTOR OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN A GROUP OF A SELECTED SET OF COUNTRIES FROM ASIA, AFRICA AND SOUTH AMERICA." In 48th International Academic Conference, Copenhagen. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2019.048.035.
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Toluse, Williams, Victor Okolo, and Amarquaye Martey. "Production Optimization in a Marginal Field through Established Reservoir Management Techniques – A Case Study." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2568647-ms.
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ABSTRACT The Federal Government of Nigeria in a bid to promote indigenous companies participation in the oil and gas sector, and to grow the nation&rsquo;s production capacity passed legislation in 1999 to foster the exploitation of Marginal Oil Fields (MOFs). MOF is one that is considered non &ndash; commercial as a result of strategic business development philosophy of the operator, often times large oil companies. Reservoir management is central to the effective exploitation of any hydrocarbon asset; this dependence is heightened for an undeveloped marginal field. There is no &lsquo;one-size fits all&rsquo; approach to reservoir management; this paper reviews some techniques adopted by Midwestern Oil and Gas Ltd in the development of the Umusadege marginal field. These techniques fall under three categories: (I) subsurface study (II) well placement and spacing, (III) integrated surface production and optimization, in accordance with regulatory practices. The previously acquired 3-D seismic data was reprocessed and interpretation of reservoir heterogeneities within the Umusadege field concessionary boundary carried out form the basis of the initial field development plan. To optimize reservoir drainage, the general principles of non-interference well spacing were employed, and advanced well placement technology was deployed to guarantee optimum well placement within the reservoir for effective and efficient drainage. Subsequently, 14 vertical wells and 4 horizontal wells were drilled to effectively optimize recovery from the field. Prior to bringing these wells on-stream, clean-up and Maximum Efficiency Rate (MER) tests were conducted to determine the optimum choke settings, GOR and water cut limits for all wells. An integrated approach encompassing choke sizing, gas and water production management, vessel and line sizing were implemented on the Umusadege field to maintain and optimize recovery. Crude custody transfer measurements and export were enabled by an optimized Group Gathering Facility (GGF).The above techniques combining new technologies, traditional reservoir and production strategies led to the successful development of the Umusadege field; increasing daily oil production from 2,000 bbls/d from the first well re-entry to approximately 30,000 bbls/day over a 7-year period. This case study proves that with the correct implementation of the key elements of reservoir management the value of any hydrocarbon asset can be maximized in a cost effective, safe and environmentally friendly manner.
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Kuriakose, Rangith. "Freshman African engineering student perceptions on academic feedback – A case study from Digital Systems 1." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.4823.
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Providing effective and quality feedback to students in higher education has been identified as an integral part of quality teaching by many researchers in the field of education. However, student perceptions vary drastically as to what they perceive academic feedback to really be. Therefore, this paper aims to present freshman engineering student perceptions of academic feedback from an African perspective. The reason for targeting this group is due to their high dropout rate in higher education in South Africa (around 60%). Quantitative data was collected from freshman engineering students enrolled for a module termed Digital Systems 1 at the Central University of Technology in South Africa. A questionnaire was used as the main data collection instrument featuring 21 close ended questions. The results presented in this paper indicate that almost two-thirds (65%) of the respondents believe that a “grade” written on a test script does not constitute academic feedback. The majority of the respondents (76%) expect some kind of academic feedback regarding their work, either in writing or orally from their lecturer. A good majority (86%) of students perceived that getting written comments on their assessments would encourage them to approach the lecturer to seek further clarification. A key recommendation of this study is to find a mechanism or technique of providing constructive feedback to all enrolled students, even in large classes. This needs to be done from the outset of the module in order to reduce the current high dropout rates among freshman engineering students.
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Bhat, Raj Nath. "Language, Culture and History: Towards Building a Khmer Narrative." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.3-2.
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Genetic and geological studies reveal that following the melting of snows 22,000 years ago, the post Ice-age Sundaland peoples’ migrations as well as other peoples’ migrations spread the ancestors of the two distinct ethnic groups Austronesian and Austroasiatic to various East and South–East Asian countries. Some of the Austroasiatic groups must have migrated to Northeast India at a later date, and whose descendants are today’s Munda-speaking people of Northeast, East and Southcentral India. Language is the store-house of one’s ancestral knowledge, the community’s history, its skills, customs, rituals and rites, attire and cuisine, sports and games, pleasantries and sorrows, terrain and geography, climate and seasons, family and neighbourhoods, greetings and address-forms and so on. Language loss leads to loss of social identity and cultural knowledge, loss of ecological knowledge, and much more. Linguistic hegemony marginalizes and subdues the mother-tongues of the peripheral groups of a society, thereby the community’s narratives, histories, skills etc. are erased from their memories, and fabricated narratives are created to replace them. Each social-group has its own norms of extending respect to a hearer, and a stranger. Similarly there are social rules of expressing grief, condoling, consoling, mourning and so on. The emergence of nation-states after the 2nd World War has made it imperative for every social group to build an authentic, indigenous narrative with intellectual rigour to sustain itself politically and ideologically and progress forward peacefully. The present essay will attempt to introduce variants of linguistic-anthropology practiced in the West, and their genesis and importance for the Asian speech communities. An attempt shall be made to outline a Khymer narrative with inputs from Khymer History, Art and Architecture, Agriculture and Language, for the scholars to take into account, for putting Cambodia on the path to peace, progress and development.
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Esaa, Ayat Abdelrahim Suliman, Harun Bal, and Erhan İşcan. "The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis: A Panel Cointegration Approach in the Middle East and North Africa Countries (1980-2017)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02296.
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This study examines the hypothesis of the Export-Led Growth in the seven selected Middle East and North Africa countries, the hypothesis state that export growth driven by export promotion policies enhances overall economic growth. Empirical investigations have tended to focus attention on the direction of causality between exports and economic growth using Granger causality tests. However, the empirical results based on these tests are, at best, mixed and often contradictory.
 The paper employs panel data analysis by utilizing the Pedroni panel cointegration, Pedroni Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Fully Modify Ordinary Least Squares, and Canning-Pedroni causality methods, a recent development in panel data econometrics, properties of integration and cointegration and consistency of parameters. The study considers the following three variables; Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Real exports (EXP) and Real import (IMP). Annual secondary data are obtained from the World Bank Development Indicator for seven MENA countries, Namely, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar.
 The empirical results emphasize the existence of a positive relationship between Export and GDP. Results of waled and Z-bar Group statistics indicate the long-run unidirectional causality between Export and GDP, operates from Export to the GDP. It confirms the validity of Export-led growth hypothesis of the seven selected MENA countries. Empirical evidence suggests significant policy prescriptions; these countries should focus more on supporting export orientated industries through aid-for-trade, trade-capacity building schemes and other types of policies in order to promote economic growth.
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Williams, Titus, Gregory Alexander, and Wendy Setlalentoa. "SOCIAL SCIENCE STUDENT TEACHERS’ AWARENESS OF THE INTERTWINESS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN MULTICULTURAL SCHOOL SETTINGS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end037.
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This qualitative study is an exploration of final year Social Science education students awareness of the intertwined nature of Social Science as a subject and the role of social justice in the classroom of a democratic South Africa. This study finds that South African Social Science teachers interpret or experience the teaching of Social Science in various ways. In the South African transitional justice environment, Social Science education had to take into account the legacies of the apartheid-era schooling system and the official history narrative that contributed to conflict in South Africa. Throughout the world, issues of social justice and equity are becoming a significant part of everyday discourse in education and some of these themes are part of the Social Science curriculum. Through a qualitative research methodology, data was gathered from Focus Group Discussion (FGD) sessions with three groups of five teacher education students in two of the groups and the third having ten participants from the same race, in their final year, specializing in Social Science teaching. The data obtained were categorised and analysed in terms of the student teacher’s awareness of the intertwined nature of Social Science and social justice education. The results of the study have revealed that participants had a penchant for the subject Social Science because it assisted them to have a better understanding of social justice and the unequal society they live in; an awareness of social ills, and the challenges of people. Participants identified social justice characteristics within Social Science and relate to some extent while they were teaching the subject, certain themes within the Social Science curriculum. Findings suggest that the subject Social Science provides a perspective as to why social injustice and inequality are so prevalent in South Africa and in some parts of the world. Social Science content in its current form and South African context, emanates from events and activities that took place in communities and in the broader society, thus the linkage to social justice education. This study recommends different approaches to infuse social justice considerations Social Science; one being an empathetic approach – introducing activities to assist learners in viewing an issue from someone else’s perspective, particularly when issues of prejudice or discrimination against a particular group arise, or if the issue is remote from learners’ lives.
Reports on the topic "Group with ancestors from Africa"
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Fafchamps, Marcel, and Ruth Vargas Hill. Redistribution and Group Participation: Comparative Experimental Evidence from Africa and the UK. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21127.
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Paving the Path: Preparing for Microbicide Introduction—Report of a Qualitative Study in South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1011.
Full textAbstract:
With recently accelerated support for the development of microbicides to prevent HIV transmission and the urgency of the global AIDS epidemic, it is important to begin to identify strategies for introducing a microbicide once it is proven safe and effective and is approved for use. This report presents results from a qualitative study that explored a range of issues likely to influence microbicide introduction—positively or negatively—at three levels: community, health service, and policy. The study, which identified critical issues to be addressed in building support for microbicides and facilitating a smooth introduction, was conducted between September 2002 and September 2003 in Langa, a peri-urban site in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, and at national and provincial levels. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this study explored and identified issues that could facilitate or undermine access to and use of microbicides. Respondents included community members, health care providers and managers, provincial- and national-level government officials, and representatives from national and provincial nongovernmental organizations and health professional bodies that influence policy.
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Paving the Path: Preparing for Microbicide Introduction—Report of a Qualitative Study in South Africa [Executive Summary]. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1010.
Full textAbstract:
With recently accelerated support for the development of microbicides to prevent HIV transmission and the urgency of the global AIDS epidemic, it is important to begin to identify strategies for introducing a microbicide once it is proven safe and effective and is approved for use. This executive summary presents results from a qualitative study that explored a range of issues likely to influence microbicide introduction at the community, health service, and policy levels. The study, which identified critical issues to be addressed in building support for microbicides and facilitating a smooth introduction, was conducted between September 2002 and September 2003 in Langa, a peri-urban site in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, and at national and provincial levels. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, this study explored and identified issues that could facilitate or undermine access to and use of microbicides. Respondents included community members, health care providers and managers, provincial- and national-level government officials, and representatives from national and provincial nongovernmental organizations and health professional bodies that influence policy.