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1

Stewart, Cameron Ralph. Genealogical classification by family group coding for descent from common ancestors. C.R. Stewart, 1986.

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2

Stewart, Cameron Ralph. Genealogical classification by family group coding for descent from common ancestors. C.R. Stewart, 1986.

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3

Winfrey, Oprah. Ancestors of Henry Louis Gates, Jr: In Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia from Africa, West Africa, and Europe. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2010.

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4

W, Allison Kevin, ed. African American psychology: From Africa to America. 2nd ed. Sage Publications, 2010.

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5

W, Allison Kevin, ed. African American psychology: From Africa to America. Sage Publications, 2006.

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6

Outcasts from evolution: Scientific attitudes of racial inferiority, 1859-1900. Southern Illinois University Press, 1995.

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7

Mari, Harris, and Mattes Robert B, eds. SA tribes: Who we are, how we live and what we want from life in the new South Africa. David Philip, 2002.

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8

Group, Independent Expert Study. South Africa: The sanctions report, documents and statistics : a report from the Independent Expert Study Group on the evaluation of the application and impact of sanctions against South Africa. Commonwealth Secretariat in association with James Currey, 1990.

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9

From revolution to rights in South Africa: Social movements, NGOs & popular politics after apartheid. James Currey, 2008.

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10

Into the valley: The untold story of USAAF Troop Carrier in World War II, from North Africa through Europe. PrintComm, 1995.

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11

Sick from freedom: African-American illness and suffering during the Civil War and reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 2012.

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12

Steinberg, Stephen. Turning back: The retreat from racial justicein American thought and policy. Beacon Press, 1995.

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13

Turning back: The retreat from racial justice in American thought and policy. Beacon Press, 1996.

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14

Steinberg, Stephen. Turning back: The retreat from racial justice in American thought and policy. Beacon Press, 1995.

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15

Turning back: The retreat from racial justice in American thought and policy. Beacon Press, 2001.

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16

Wit, Margareth. Making Shift Happen. Translated by Jonathan Hills. Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720267.

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Leadership is learnable. Furthermore, future developments within our organizations will be strongly influenced by our leadership effectiveness. In ten steps Margareth de Wit describes how, as a leader, you can train yourself to achieve desired transitions within your organization. Educated at INSEAD and Wharton, Margareth de Wit has a long and rich experience working at the top of international companies in the USA, India, the UK, and Africa, providing intensive leadership sessions to CEOs, commissioners, managers, and directors. Margareth de Wit has inspired hundreds of professionals within the education sector to see themselves as playing the central role in providing better education through intelligent collaboration in self-managing school teams. Her experiences show that systematic attention to leadership and group dynamics creates organizations that are both successful and future-proof. Providing striking examples from her broad practice and experience, historical comparisons, human interactions, analytical schemes, and evidence-based methods, de Wit paints a picture of the road that leads to effective leadership. While this transition is never finished, it is nevertheless one that always leads to both personal and organizational improvement.
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17

Maryanski, Alexandra, and Jonathan H. Turner. The Neurology of Religion. Edited by Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.33.

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The human propensity for religious behavior and, eventually, religious organization is the by-product of natural selection working on the neuroanatomy of low-sociality and non-group-forming hominins to become more social and group oriented as a necessary strategy for survival on the African savanna. Using cladistic analysis to determine the behavioral and organizational propensities of the last common ancestor to present-day great apes and humans’ hominin ancestors, while at the same time engaging in comparative neuroanatomy of extant great-ape and human brains, the neurological basis of religion is isolated. Religion emerged under early selection pressures to make hominins more social and able to form stable groups. From the combination of dramatically increased emotionality and cognitive functioning, the transition from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens approximately 300,000 year ago created the neurological platform for religious behaviors among early humans.
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18

South African Women Living With Hiv Global Lessons From Local Voices. Indiana University Press, 2013.

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19

Seattle Genealogical Society. Middle Atlantic Interest Group., ed. Ancestors from the Eastern heartland: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland & Delaware. The Society, 1990.

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20

Genealogical classification by family group coding for descent from common ancestors (Vol. 1). C.R. Stewart, 1986.

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21

Fafchamps, Marcel, and Ruth Vargas Hill. Redistribution and Group Participation: Experimental Evidence from Africa and the UK. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8330.

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22

From South Africa--: A challenge to the church! Published by Theology in Global Context, 1985.

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23

Allison, Kevin W., and Faye Z. (Zollicoffer) Belgrave. African American Psychology: From Africa to America. SAGE Publications, Inc, 2018.

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24

Belgrave, Faye Z., and Kevin W. Allison. African American Psychology: From Africa to America. Sage Publications, Inc, 2005.

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25

Richards-Greaves, Gillian. Rediasporization. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496831156.001.0001.

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This book examines how African-Guyanese in New York City participate in the Come to My Kwe-Kwe ritual to facilitate rediasporization, that is, the creation of a newer diaspora from an existing one. Since the fall of 2005, African-Guyanese in New York City have celebrated Come to My Kwe-Kwe (more recently called Kwe-Kwe Night) on the Friday evening before Labor Day. Come to My Kwe-Kwe is a reenactment of a uniquely African-Guyanese pre-wedding ritual called kweh-kweh, and sometimes referred to as karkalay, mayan, kweh-keh, and pele. A typical traditional (wedding-based) kweh-kweh has approximately ten ritual segments, which include the pouring of libation to welcome or appease the ancestors; a procession from the groom’s residence to the bride’s residence or central kweh-kweh venue; the hiding of the bride; and the negotiation of bride price. Each ritual segment is executed with music and dance, which allow for commentary on conjugal matters, such as sex, domestication, submissiveness, and hard work. Come to My Kwe-Kwe replicates the overarching segments of the traditional kweh-kweh, but a couple (male and female) from the audience acts as the bride and groom, and props simulate the boundaries of the traditional performance space, such as the gate and the bride’s home. This book draws on more than a decade of ethnographic research data and demonstrates how Come to My Kwe-Kwe allows African-Guyanese-Americans to negotiate complex, overlapping identities in their new homeland, by combining elements from the past and present and reinterpreting them to facilitate rediasporization and ensure group survival.
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26

Haller, John S. OUTCASTS FROM EVOLUTION. University of Illinois Press, 1986.

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27

Simms, Andrew, and Hannah Reid. Africa - Up in Smoke?: The Second Report from the Working Group on Climate Change and Development. Oxfam Publishing, 2006.

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28

Simms, Andrew, and John Magrath. Africa - Up in Smoke 2: The Second Report on Africa and Global Warming from the Working Group on Climate Change and Development. Oxfam Publishing, 2006.

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29

Haller, John S. Outcasts from Evolution: Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859 - 1900. Southern Illinois University, 1996.

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30

Rawls, M. D. George, and M. D. Robert Patterson. So You Want to Be a Doctor: A Guide for the Student from High School Through Retirement. Hilton, 2007.

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31

Breathing Race Into The Machine The Surprising Career Of The Spirometer From Plantation To Genetics. University of Minnesota Press, 2014.

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32

From Revolution to Rights in South Africa: Social Movements, NGOs and Popular Politics after Apartheid. Boydell & Brewer, Limited, 2010.

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33

Sick from Freedom: African-American Illness and Suffering During the Civil War and Reconstruction. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015.

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34

Kelly, Orr. Meeting the Fox: The Allied Invasion of Africa, from Operation Torch to Kasserine Pass to Victory in Tunisia. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.

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35

Kelly, Orr. Meeting the Fox: The Allied Invasion of Africa, from Operation Torch to Kasserine Pass to Victory in Tunisia. Wiley, 2002.

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36

Children and juveniles in the prisons of South Africa: Detainees, awaiting-trial and sentenced prisoners : report by an interdisciplinary group from Switzerland and Germany (January-February 1989). s.n.], 1989.

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37

Abi-Mershed, Osama, ed. Social Currents in North Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876036.001.0001.

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Social Currents in North Africa offers multidisciplinary analyses of social phenomena unfolding in the Maghreb today. The contributors analyze the genealogies of contemporary North African behavioral and ideological norms, and offer insights into post-Arab Spring governance and today's social and political trends. The book situates regional developments within broader international currents, without forgoing the distinct features of each socio-historical context. With its common historical, cultural, and socioeconomic foundations, the Maghreb is a cohesive area of study that allows for greater understanding of domestic developments from both single-country and comparative perspectives. This volume refines the geo-historical unity of the Maghreb by accounting for social connections, both within the nation-state and across political boundaries and historical eras. It illustrates that non-institutional phenomena are equally formative to the ongoing project of postcolonial sovereignty, to social construction and deployments of state power, and to local outlooks on social equity, economic prospects, and cultural identity. Scholars in the field of North African and Maghrebi studies were invited to working group meeting held by the Center for International and Regional Studies (CIRS), Georgetown University in Qatar, to reflect on their specialized disciplinary or methodological approaches to the region, and to comment on the overall validity of North Africa as a cohesive geo-historical unit for social scientific analysis.
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38

de Waal, Alex. Genocidal Warfare in North‐east Africa. Edited by Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0027.

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The modern history of the Horn of Africa is marked by protracted violence. The two powerful states of the region, Ethiopia and Sudan, are hybrid imperial creations from African and European colonialisms. For centuries, the dominant states of the Ethiopian highlands and the Nile Valley have been predators on the peoples of their peripheries, inflicting slavery, subjugation, and massacre upon them. The other states of the Horn, Eritrea and Somalia were forged out of resistance to the centres of state power, and each exists insofar as it can dispense violence. This article consists of four sections. The first outlines the key themes. A second part briefly surveys the position of the Horn of Africa within scholarly and legal approaches to genocide. The major part outlines twenty-two episodes of extreme violence, including mass killing and group-targeted repression, over the past half century. The final section draws some general conclusions.
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39

Ireland, Patrick. Ethnicity, Nationalism, and Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.173.

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Migration has had a strong impact on the interplay between ethnicity and nationalism in Sub-Saharan Africa. Today’s ethnic map of Africa is the outcome of a lengthy history of comings and goings. Before the European conquests, Africa was not populated by clearly bounded, territorially grounded tribes or ethnic groups in the Western sense. Instead, the most prominent characteristics of precolonial African societies were mobility, overlapping networks, multiple group membership, and the context-dependent drawing of boundaries. Colonialism was later seen as having shaped, even created ethnic identities, contributing to the African shift away from Western notions of nationalism. Afterward, with the postcolonial state taking up its mantle, ethnic loyalty continued to overpower national identity. Local ethnic associations have since acted as a substitute for national citizenship, and ethnic belonging for national consciousness. Three countries in particular demonstrate this interplay of ethnicity, nationalism, and migration in sub-Saharan Africa: Côte d’Ivoire, together with the homeland of many of its migrants, Burkina Faso, in West Africa; South Africa, together with the homeland of many of its migrants, Lesotho; and Botswana in southern Africa. They show that, even across very disparate countries and regions, a common trend is visible toward official attempts to subsume internal ethnic differences under a form of nationalism defined partly by excluding those deemed sometimes rather arbitrarily to be external to the polity.
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40

Organisation, International Labour, ed. Study of the embargo of coal exports from South Africa: Report of a study conducted under the auspices of the group of independent experts appointed by the governing body of the ILO to follow up and monitor the implementation of sanctions and other action against apartheid. International Labour Office, 1992.

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41

Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Isotope and Radiation Applications of Atomic Energy for Food and Agricultural Development., Advisory Group Meeting on Improving the Productivity of Indigenous Animals in Harsh Environments with the Aid of Nuclear Techniques (1985 : Ankara, Turkey), and Seminar for Developing Countries in Africa and the Middle East on Research Using Techniques Aimed at Improving Meat, Milk, and Wool Production from Ruminant Animals (1985 : Ankara, Turkey), eds. Nuclear and related techniques for improving productivity of indigenous animals in harsh environments: Proceedings of an Advisory Group Meeting on Improving the Productivity of Indigenous Animals in Harsh Environments with the Aid of Nuclear Techniques, held in Ankara from 3 to 8 June 1985, and, selected contributions to the Seminar for Developing Countries in Africa and the Middle East on Research Using Techniques Aimed at Improving Meat, Milk, and Wool Production from Ruminant Animals, held in Ankara from 3 to 7 June 1985. International Atomic Energy Agency, 1986.

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42

Macnab, Andrew J., Abdallah Daar, and Christoff Pauw, eds. Health in Transition: Translating developmental origins of health and disease science to improve future health in Africa. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928357759.

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At STIAS, the ‘Health in Transition’ theme includes a programme to address the epidemic rise in the incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, coronary heart disease and stroke in Africa. The aim is to advance awareness, research capacity and knowledge translation of science related to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) as a means of preventing NCDs in future generations. Application of DOHaD science is a promising avenue for prevention, as this field is identifying how health and nutrition from conception through the first 1 000 days of life can dramatically impact a developing individual’s future life course, and specifically predicate whether or not they are programmed in infancy to develop NCDs in later life. Prevention of NCDs is an essential strategy as, if unchecked, the burden of caring for a growing and ageing population with these diseases threatens to consume entire health budgets, as well as negatively impact the quality of life of millions. Africa in particular needs specific, focussed endeavors to realize the maximal preventive potential of DOHaD science, and a means of generating governmental and public awareness about the links between health in infancy and disease in adult life. This volume summarizes the expertise and experience of a leading group of international scientists led by Abdallah Daar brought together at STIAS as part of the ‘Health in Transition’ programme.
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43

Newson, Lesley, and Peter Richerson. A Story of Us. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190883201.001.0001.

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It’s time for a new story of our origins. One reason is that there a great deal of new evidence about what humans are like and the conditions that shaped human evolution. Another is that the thinking on human evolution has shifted. Evolutionists recognize that humans are very different from other animals, and they have been working to explain the different evolutionary path that humans took. There are still many gaps in the story, but this book describes seven points in our ancestors’ tale and explains the evidence behind these descriptions. The story begins seven million years ago, with the life of our ape ancestors, which were also the ancestors of today’s chimpanzees and bonobos. The second point is three million years ago with an ape that walked upright and lived outside the forest. Then follows a description of the life of early humans who lived one and a half million years ago. At the fourth point, 100,000 years ago, humans lived in Africa who were physically very similar to modern humans. The fifth is 30,000 years ago, during the last ice age, when our ancestors had evolved more complex cultures. The sixth is the period of accelerating cultural evolution that began as the planet started to recover from this ice age. Finally, beginning in the 1700s, there is the transformational period we are in now, which we call “modern times.” The style of this book is unusual for a science book because it has narrative sections that illustrate the lives of our ancestors and the problems they faced.
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44

Macdonald, David W., and Chris Newman. Musteloid sociality: the grass-roots of society. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0006.

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Excluded from the pursuit predator niche by better-adapted early felids and canids, the musteloids exploited other hunting strategies as grasslands proliferated in the Oligocene. Unconstrained by specialised running limbs, lineages evolved to excavate prey (badgers) and enter burrows (polecats). Others took to tree-climbing (martens, procynoids) and even swimming (otters). While some species specialised in rodent hunting (weasels) others became more generalist omnivores. In-turn the dispersion of these food types dictated socio-spatial geometries, allowing insectivorous, piscivorous and frugivorous species to congregate with varying degrees of social cohesion, often unified within subterranean burrows – a basis to group-living distinct from the pack-hunting felids and canids. Induced ovulation and delayed implantation feature in the mating systems of several species, evolved to ensure breeding success amongst low-density, solitary ancestors. Group-living musteloids exhibit degrees of reproductive suppression, allo-parental care and other cooperative behaviours, thus this contrarian superfamily provides unique insights into the basis of carnivore societies.
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45

Fleischmann, Andreas, Jan Schlauer, Stephen A. Smith, and Thomas J. Givnish. Evolution of carnivory in angiosperms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0003.

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Molecular systematics demonstrate that carnivorous plants have evolved at least ten times independently, in five orders, 12 families, and 19 genera of angiosperms. Carnivory has arisen once in Nepenthales (a segregate of Caryophyllales), once in Oxalidales, twice in Ericales, and three times each in Lamiales and Poales. Estimated crown ages of these ten lineages range from 1.9 to 81 million years (Mya), with the youngest three lineages (1.9 – 2.6 Mya) being all single genera of Poales, and all involving one or two carnivorous species in an otherwise noncarnivorous group. We now understand the evolution of carnivorous plants based on knowing when and (often) where they diverged from specific noncarnivorous ancestors; inferring which traits were gained, which were retained, and which of the latter may have been crucial preadaptations for carnivory; and identifying the evolutionary drivers of carnivory by evaluating the ecological differences between carnivorous plants and their noncarnivorous relatives.
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46

Martelli, Francesca. Ennius’ imago between Tomb and Text. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826477.003.0004.

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Between the third and first centuries BCE, a tomb near the Via Appia not only served as a funerary monument for the Scipiones but was also believed to have once contained the statue of a man from outside the family: Quintus Ennius. This chapter considers how Ennius’ poetry and portrait contributed to the circulation of political prestige. Linking the story of his statue to a later image of the poet in Varro’s De poetis, it argues that Varro’s collection of author portraits and the practice of erecting busts of authors in libraries are best seen as a form of entombment—situating the poet’s imago alongside those of his literary forebears in a space that recognizes their identity as a group, much like the tomb of the Scipiones, or, indeed, any Roman atrium that collects the imagines of a family’s ancestors.
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47

O'Connor, Anne. Finding Time for the Old Stone Age. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199215478.001.0001.

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Finding Time for the Old Stone Age explores a century of colorful debate over the age of our earliest ancestors. In the mid nineteenth century curious stone implements were found alongside the bones of extinct animals. Humans were evidently more ancient than had been supposed--but just how old were they? There were several clocks for Stone-Age (or Palaeolithic) time, and it would prove difficult to synchronize them. Conflicting timescales were drawn from the fields of geology, palaeontology, anthropology, and archaeology. Anne O'Connor draws on a wealth of lively, personal correspondence to explain the nature of these arguments. The trail leads from Britain to Continental Europe, Africa, and Asia, and extends beyond the world of professors, museum keepers, and officers of the Geological Survey: wine sellers, diamond merchants, papermakers, and clerks also proposed timescales for the Palaeolithic. This book brings their stories to light for the first time--stories that offer an intriguing insight into how knowledge was built up about the ancient British past.
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48

Last, Peter, William White, Marcelo de Carvalho, Bernard Séret, Matthias Stehmann, and Gavin Naylor, eds. Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643109148.

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Rays are among the largest fishes and evolved from shark-like ancestors nearly 200 million years ago. They share with sharks many life history traits: all species are carnivores or scavengers; all reproduce by internal fertilisation; and all have similar morphological and anatomical characteristics, such as skeletons built of cartilage. Rays of the World is the first complete pictorial atlas of the world’s ray fauna and includes information on many species only recently discovered by scientists while undertaking research for the book. It includes all 26 families and 633 valid named species of rays, but additional undescribed species exist for many groups. 
 Rays of the World features a unique collection of paintings of all living species by Australian natural history artist Lindsay Marshall, compiled as part of a multinational research initiative, the Chondrichthyan Tree of Life Project. Images sourced from around the planet were used by the artist to illustrate the fauna. This comprehensive overview of the world’s ray fauna summarises information such as general identifying features and distributional information about these iconic, but surprisingly poorly known, fishes. It will enable readers to gain a better understanding of the rich diversity of rays and promote wider public interest in the group.
 Rays of the World is an ideal reference for a wide range of readers, including conservationists, fishery managers, scientists, fishers, divers, students and book collectors.
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49

Quijada, Justine Buck. Buddhists, Shamans, and Soviets. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190916794.001.0001.

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History in the Soviet Union was a political project. From the Soviet perspective, Buryats, an indigenous Siberian ethnic group, were a “backward” nationality that was carried along on the inexorable march toward the Communist utopian future. When the Soviet Union ended, the Soviet version of history lost its power and Buryats, like other Siberian indigenous peoples, were able to revive religious and cultural traditions that had been suppressed by the Soviet state. In the process, they also recovered knowledge about the past that the Soviet Union had silenced. Borrowing the analytic lens of the chronotope from Bakhtin, this book argues that rituals have chronotopes which situate people within time and space. As they revived rituals, post-Soviet Buryats encountered new historical information and traditional ways of being in time that enabled them to reimagine the Buryat past and what it means to be Buryat. Through the temporal perspective of a reincarnating Buddhist monk, Dashi-Dorzho Etigelov, Buddhists come to see the Soviet period as a test on the path of dharma. Shamanic practitioners, in contrast, renegotiate their relationship to the past by speaking to their ancestors through the bodies of shamans. By comparing the versions of history that are produced in Buddhist, shamanic, and civic rituals, Buddhists, Shamans, and Soviets offers a new lens for analyzing ritual, a new perspective on how an indigenous people grapples with a history of state repression, and an innovative approach to the ethnographic study of how people know about the past.
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50

Parker, John. In My Time of Dying. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691193151.001.0001.

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This book is the first detailed history of death and the dead in Africa south of the Sahara. Focusing on a region that is now present-day Ghana, the book explores mortuary cultures and the relationship between the living and the dead over a 400-year period spanning the seventeenth to twentieth centuries. The book considers many questions from the African historical perspective, including why people die and where they go after death, how the dead are buried and mourned to ensure they continue to work for the benefit of the living, and how perceptions and experiences of death and the ends of life have changed over time. From exuberant funeral celebrations encountered by seventeenth-century observers to the brilliantly conceived designer coffins of the late twentieth century, the book shows that the peoples of Ghana have developed one of the world's most vibrant cultures of death. The book explores the unfolding background of that culture through a diverse range of issues, such as the symbolic power of mortal remains and the dominion of hallowed ancestors, as well as the problem of bad deaths, vile bodies, and vengeful ghosts. The book reconstructs a vast timeline of death and the dead, from the era of the slave trade to the coming of Christianity and colonial rule to the rise of the modern postcolonial nation. With an array of written and oral sources, the book richly adds to an understanding of how the dead continue to weigh on the shoulders of the living.
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