Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Groupe des huit (Organisation)'
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Karayan-Tapon, Lucie. "Organisation du génome des bactéries appartenant au groupe alpha2 des proteobacteriaceae." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11159.
Full textLarochelle, Sébastien. "Relations d'objet et organisation de la personnalité, étude comparative d'un groupe de participants présentant des conduites pédophiliques et d'un groupe de comparaison." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60640.pdf.
Full textLarochelle, Sébastien. "Relations d'objet et organisation de la personnalité : étude comparative d'un groupe de participants présentant des conduites pédophiliques et d'un groupe de comparaison." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/42449.
Full textVitale, Laurent. "Etude comparative de l'activité antibactérienne in vitro de huit bêta-lactamines sur les trois espèces d'entérobactéries du groupe 3 les plus fréquemment isolées en clinique." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P185.
Full textChaix, Raphaëlle. "Démographie, culture et diversité génétique : le cas des populations humaines nomades." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066045.
Full textTrimbur, Virginie. "Liturgie et organisation de l'espace dans un groupe cathédral : le cérémonial de la cathédrale de Metz (XIIè-XIIIè siècles)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H041/document.
Full textThe Liber de ordinatione et officio totius anni in ecclesia Metensi, usually designed under the name Cérémonial, is a lost medieval liturgy manuscript which was last kept at Metz municipal library (ms. 82). Nowadays, the full text is fortunately known thanks to the scientific edition led by Bishop Pelt. This text was likely dated from the XIIth century but the manuscript was quickly perceived as a copy from the XIIIth century. It has always intrigued researchers and gave rise to numerous debates due to its typological classification. As a canonical ordinary, this text describes with precision the liturgical particularisms of Metz cathedral, and details the ordinance of each celebrations, thus linking the various players with the various spaces. It has never been studied for itself and was only used to describe the Ottonian cathedral in which it was written, in parallel to some archaeological discoveries at the end of the XIXth century and beginning of the XXth century. The main interesting feature of this work is its analysis of a fundamental medieval text about the liturgy at Metz. The document also details the architecture of the cathedral built by Thierry Ist, and consecrated by Thierry IInd on June 27th, 1040, flanked by the Saint-Jean baptistry on its forecourt, and by a cloister on its southern flank, with the latter becoming the current Place d’Armes in 1754. It also names the five adjacent churches: Saint-Pierre-le-Majeur, Sainte-Marie, Saint-Paul, Saint-Pierre-le-vieux and Saint-Gall. This cathedral group is a legacy of the claustrum devised by Bishop Chrodegang in the VIIIth century, during the great liturgical reform. Hence, the study of the Ceremonial enables the understanding of the canonical group’s organisation by the deployment of the liturgy in that architectural environment. Spaces are organised, hierarchised, and unified by what makes the particularity of Metz’ liturgy: its stational feature, similar to the Roman liturgy brought from Rome by Chrodegang during the VIIIth century. This specialisation of sanctuaries plays a part in the spatial ‘marking’ of liturgy and allows a better understanding of it. The functionalist approach of space thus becomes a highly symbolic approach, in which the canonical district is considered both as a whole, and as an organised space where each ecclesial is necessary for the group’s unity. The information also includes the city’s topography, and other manuscripts from Metz complete the data contained in our text. The worship’s practices of Metz cathedral group during the XIIth century are not as singular as one might believe. We know of numerous of the XIIIth century ordinairies that were attached to canon cathedral communities
Marchandin, Hélène. "Organisation génomique, phylogénie et taxonomie polyphasique des bactéries du genre Veillonella et des genres apparentés du sous-groupe Sporomusa." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T017.
Full textRey, Pierre. "L'Entreprise dans son environnement turbulent : formes d'auto-organisation proposée à partir d'une recherche-action au sein du groupe Seb." Lyon 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO33004.
Full textA monographic study, description and empiric of the organisation impact on tefal, world leader in non stick cookware, giving a high level of economical results (17% over a 25 years period) this in a turbulent market. This turbulence is the result of a certain number offactors (high levele of product reneval, aggressive competition from the far east, hypermarket distribution systems, incapacity to anticipate, explosive situation of raw materials and components irregularities in currency exchange -us dollar, sterling, lira, etc. - has brought tefal to construct their organisation round a politic of flexibility, innovation, and on a model of "autoorganisation". This model may become a general tendancy in the long run with companies placed in similar market conditions. The organisation, stemming from an "auto-organisation" will comprise a workforce and management, the regulation will come from those concerned and in keeping with that particular environment, for the unpredictable, this will be outside the control of those who have been given the task of the organisation
Izard, Sabine. "Les accords d'entreprise ou de groupe à caractère transnational." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020050.
Full textThe economic globalization changes the social relations. To face this growing importance of multinational firms, global unions get organized at international level. New strategies against this emerging power include the conclusion of international and European framework agreements. Result of a spontaneous negotiation between actors whose legitimacy remains to be seen, these agreements adjust any social relationships in transnational companies and groups and lay down rules for employees who work for the up, and beyond. First seen as mere declarations of intention promoting the Fundamental rights at work beyond borders, their content is taking shape and commitments are stronger for signatories. A legal framework is needed. Otherwise, agreements will be governed by the national legislations. Despite these uncertainties, signatories conventionally organize effects of their agreements. Specific provisions ensure their implementation and monitoring. Yet the silence remains on the legal effects actually occurred. Therefore, some insecurity questions the parties that sometimes ask for an international framework of reception to define the rules of conclusion, the scope of the agreement and possible remedies for violations
KLEIN, MATHIEU, and R. SCHANTZ. "Le genome mitochondrial de plantes superieures : dynamique et organisation du genome d'arabidopsis thaliana ; etude de l'epissage des introns de groupe ii." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13022.
Full textBloy, Christian. "Structure et organisation des espèces moléculaires de la membrane des globules rouges portant les antigènes de groupe sanguins Rh et lw." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066731.
Full textMallet, Christelle. "Entre traduction et négociation : comment se construit le sens des groupwares en contexte organisationnel ?" Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ022L/document.
Full textThe introduction of groupwares in productive organizations highlights four major characteristics of our societies : the paramountcy of knowledge as a key driver of business competitiveness, the profusion of technologies surrounding both domestic and professional fields, the enhancement of urgency and mobility, and a new definition of the actor, a true entrepreneur of his life. Groupwares act as performance catalysts: to work faster and better by mobilizing collective intelligence. How can such tools be appropriated by actors in productive organizations ? How are they integrated or not in work practices ? How do actors, by seeking a meaning to them, transform organizations ? The question of cognitive and communicative processes at work constitute the heart of this research. The hypothesis considers the appropriation of groupwares as the product of two interrelated dynamics: the creation of meaning dynamic and the translation dynamic. The articulation of the sensemaking theory developed by Karl E. Weick and the translation theory proposed by Madeleine Akrich, Michel Callon and Bruno Latour appears to be appropriate to analyze the process of appropriation of groupwares. Three case studies were conducted : a participant observation in a research centre and two action-researches within a bank and an organization in the field of business support. They highlight the active role played by actors during the introduction of groupwares and the communicative dimension at work: project formulation, negotiation of those fundamental issues on which work collectives rely, and the translation and articulation of contradictory logics that are found in every company. The role of the manager appears to be preponderant and the research findings lead to the need to rethink his action during the implementation of groupwares, because these tools, vectors of cognitive rationalization, question those forms of identity construction and professional relations which are manifest in most companies. Managers appear helpless when facing these challenges
Artois, Pierre. "La pluralité des modalités de professionnalisation contemporaines: le groupe professionnel des aides familiales au coeur de tensions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209081.
Full textNous avons choisi de centrer notre analyse sur un groupe professionnel méconnu, en recherche de reconnaissance et dont les incertitudes sur le travail pèsent à cause des redéfinitions émises par les politiques d’emplois le concernant suite aux changements démographiques et sociétaux affectant l’ensemble de la société. Notre hypothèse centrale est que la professionnalisation désignent des phénomènes problématiques ;qu’elle ne vise pas exclusivement à autonomiser un groupe de travailleurs sur le marché du travail afin qu’ils obtiennent un statut. Elle peut également servir à valoriser une activité afin de légitimer et développer la reconnaissance des organisations prestataires du dit travail.
Pour ce faire, nous sommes partis d’un cadre analytique original et novateur croisant les différentes modalités mentionnées dans la littérature pour en faire une typologie permettant de saisir l’hétérogénéité des phénomènes que recouvre la professionnalisation. Nous avons commencé par retracer les conditions socio-historiques de constitution du groupe à travers une recherche documentaire agrémentée par un travail ethnographique et d’observations participantes. Afin de tester nos hypothèses, nous avons opté pour des méthodologies mixtes. 412 questionnaires furent ainsi récoltés auprès des fédérations employeuses du secteur pour cerner les identités professionnelles revendiquées et convoquées. De même, une trentaine d’entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisé pour approfondir l’analyse en termes de trajectoires biographiques et d’évolutions des pratiques.
Nos principaux résultats se traduisent par une innovation théorique, proposant de replacer des formes d’analyses structurannionistes au sein de la sociologie des groupes professionnelles. Ce faisant, nous constatons que le processus de professionnalisation des aides familiales a suivi une catégorisation d’intervention publique où professionnaliser était synonyme de création d’emploi pour in fine devenir un instrument idéologique, qui est repris progressivement sous une catégorisation gestionnaire détachant l’individu, pris comme travailleur professionnel, de la fonction qu’il exerce.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Le, Mercier Franck. "Organisation et gestion pharmaceutique des médicaments en expérimentation clinique dans un centre hospitalier universitaire parisien, Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière-Fernand Widal-Saint Lazare." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P073.
Full textOulié, Christophe. "Le sommeil chez le sujet normal et polyglobulique d'altitude (3850 m) : organisation du sommeil, saturation artérielle en O2, périodicités ventilatoire et cardiovasculaire : à propos de huit exemples." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25175.
Full textSqalli, Hammad. "Conceptualisation de l’agilité au sein d’une organisation de grande taille : la pratique d’un grand groupe minier et industriel marocain, l’Office Chérifien des Phosphates." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4364.
Full textSince the beginning of the so-called turbulent environments, thought has appeared and has developed around the type of strategic behaviour and key skills to be adopted in order to limit their negative effects. This thinking process has lifted up the debate to the ongoing adaptation processes of organisations according to exogenous fluctuations. These disturbances can also stem from endogenous factors that remodel activities and organisational paths. Organisations are therefore compelled to rearrange their processes to better integrate changes. A better approach to fluctuations leads organisations to more anticipation, quicker implementation, more flexibility and more learning that will enable them to sustain their development projects in the long run. All these alterations bring decision makers from all spheres of activity to reconsider men, structures and organisational capacities from an “agile” point of view.Organisational agility understood as the ability to move swiftly and rightly within uncertain environments requires according to this research a qualitative examination leading to a better understanding of the concept since it appears from the review of literature that the theoretical object of agility is described as rigid whereas it has its limits. This research thus explores the differentiated representations that the actors of agility make of the concept, its effectiveness, its (complex) functioning inside organisations. Finally, it also aims at enlarging the state-of-the-art by bringing new elements of understanding as proximity, entrepreneurship, redefinition of the triptych articulation: reactivity-flexibility-pro-activity
Malherbe, Denis. "L'entreprise et la régulation : règles du jeu, jeu des règles, jeux avec les règles : le cas d'un groupe d'assurances mutuelles français(1990-1999)." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT4003.
Full textPinta, Violaine. "Le groupe des "gènes photosynthétiques" de la bactérie pourpre Rubrivivax gelatinosus : caractérisation de gènes de biosynthèse de pigments et organisation transcriptionnelle de deux super-opérons." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112205.
Full textNasser, El Dine Jihad. "Le traitement des infractions commises en groupe : étude comparée des droits français et libanais." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3014.
Full textCriminal sciences have highlighted the recent rise of group crime. This cover term refers to a variety of criminal activities, from drug smuggling to piracy and terrorism to human trafficking. The complexity and seriousness of the crimes committed by these groups, as well as the organizational capacity they reveal, constitute a threat for the rule of law and democracy today. Criminal groups take various forms, from informal, random petty thief bands to organized networks of hardened and socially embedded professionals (gangs, mafias, cults, militias). In response to this collective, well-planned crime, criminal law has to adapt itself. This raises the issue of how to tackle this problem in a context of division of labor and multiple agents, when criminal law traditionally applies the principle of personal liability. This piece of research therefore aims to make a comparative study of the measures taken by the French and Lebanese law to deal with group crime, focusing on the legitimacy and effectiveness of various criminal techniques introduced in recent years
Koudouh, Mboumba Cathy. "La presse d'entreprise et la représentation des relations humaines : étude de cas : le Groupe Elf Aquitaine." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020042.
Full textThe institution of human relations in the company has created new management methods, and in which the mobile communication was fundamental. In this way, the human factor could be reconsidered in the labor’s organization and employees’ participation in the operation of the company was awake. We chose to analyze the representation of human relationships, through the internal newspaper within the group Elf, to reveal all the practical and technical implementations to allow employees to be happy within the company. Apart from its role of information, with the aim to sensitize employees to the objectives and challenges of the company, the internal newspaper is also a space for expression in which managers and employees identify themselves with an approach collective. It reproduces the human relationships that are born, through the organization and the professional challenges of the business. Because of its content, the newspaper group Elf seems to accompany the company in its role in society through human figures, it carries within it. Such like, there remains an exchange link which supports a triangular relation between the firm, its employees and its external environment
Dubois, Antonin. "Organiser les étudiants. Mobilisations collectives et formation d'un groupe social (Allemagne et France, 1880-1914)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0028.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand how, from individuals linked through bureaucratic en-rolment at a higher learning institution, students were able to become in France and in Germany, a social group, whose members are bound together by organizations seeking to defend their specific interests and needs. The end of the 1870s and the beginning of the 1880s mark a decisive change in both countries, as public authorities – from the universities as well as from the political powers – increasingly authorize and accept the existence of student organizations. This change is traced over the long term, through the study of political repression of the student movements and of the transformation of the relation between students and the nation-state (in construction) since the beginning of the 19th century. These student organizations are socialization bodies. For their members, it is as much a matter of acquiring practical political competences as it is of completing their university curricula thanks to conferences or working groups or of strengthening their masculine bodies through physical activities. A competitive struggle begins between student organizations around a number of issues between the 1870s and until First World War, the period that is more specifically analysed in this thesis: student representation; relationship with public au-thorities; integration into the university urban space; integration into the local and national elite society; obtaining material and intellectual benefits for the members; developing common sociability forms. Through this competition students contribute to the formation of a social space of their own, and that we have named student organization space. Through the analysis of this social space and through a constant interest in the relationship of students to politics and the nation-state, it is possible to understand how the place and the role of students in university and society was transformed at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century and, therefore, how they could form a social group
Naima, Afaf. "Étude des régions intergéniques des opérons des ARN ribosomiques, chez les streptocoques, les lactocoques et les entérocoques, séquence de l'ARN ribosomique 23S d'un entérocoque du groupe faecium." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10412.
Full textMelin, Christopher. "La coordination des relations intra- et inter-organisationnelles au sein de l'usine mondiale : le cas Renault Trucks (groupe Volvo)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30074.
Full textFacing the geographic dispersion of their activities, multinational companies (MNCs) are involved in the management of increasingly complex intra- and inter-organizational relationships. This doctoral research focuses on the coordination of these relationships in the context of the global factory, which represents a particular form of the network-firm. It is based on an action research project conducted at Renault Trucks (Volvo Group). The empirical study covers 63 interviews, interactive panels and the organization of two workshops, completed by secondary data. The results highlight the important role played by the lead firm for the management of relationships with international partners. Depending on the configuration of the partner (level of operational autonomy and frequency of the transaction), it is recommended to choose specific coordination mechanisms. A set of 21 proposals intends to improve our understanding of the global factory in terms of configuration and internal operations. Finally, an organizational design of the global factory is developed
Vaujany, François-Xavier de. "Gérer l'innovation sociale à l'usage des technologies de l'information : une contribution structurationniste." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33028.
Full textLy, Goki. "Du système de parenté à la diversité génétique dans les populations humaines d'Asie du Sud-Est." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0007/document.
Full textIn humans, evolution is not only biological but also cultural. In addition, biological and cultural processes interact with each other. Kinship system is particularly interesting for population geneticists since it conditions when, where and with whom men and women reproduce and raise their children. It is therefore a key factor in the genetic evolution of human populations. However, most studies in human population genetics do not take into account the influence of social structures. The aim of this Phd thesis was to deepen our understanding of the influence of kinship system on genetic diversity. We undertook a pluridisciplinary and quantitative approach by collecting genetic and ethno-demographic data from 12 Southeast Asian populations exhibiting a wide variety of descent (matrilineal, patrilineal, or cognatic) and residence (matrilocal, patrilocal, or multilocal) rules.We first showed that kinship systems influence ethno-demographic variables that impacts the evolution of genetic diversity, notably sex-specific migrations. We found that patrilineal and matrilineal systems are not the symmetric opposite of each other. There was a higher residence rule flexibility in patrilineal populations compared to matrilineal populations. In consequence, male migration rates were similar between kinship systems whereas female migration rates were higher in patrilineal populations compared to matrilineal populations. In addition, we showed that matrilineal populations and cognatic populations with predominant matrilocal residence had a higher village endogamy compared to patrilineal populations. The ethnological reasons for these observations were discussed, in particular in the light of the matrilineal puzzle hypothesis. We then tested to which extent such ethno-demographic differences between populations following different kinship systems impact their uniparental genetic diversity. We could detect the impact of the higher residence rule flexibility in patrilineal populations: indeed, Y chromosome diversity followed the male migration pattern, and was similar between kinship systems, whereas mitochondrial DNA diversity followed the female migration pattern, and was higher in patrilineal populations compared to matrilineal populations. Finally, we focused on the influence of kinship systems on autosomal diversity, more specifically on inbreeding levels. We demonstrated that, due to larger village endogamy, inbreeding level was higher in matrilineal and cognatic populations compared to patrilineal populations Together these results showed that the kinship system has to be considered as the combination of a set of crossing and interacting rules (descent, residence and alliance), whose effects on genetic diversity can be disentangled only by going beyond categorizations and performing a quantitative assessment of relevant ethno-demographic variables
Helder, Rémi. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du déterminisme de l'organisation sociale dans des groupes de rats." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10015.
Full textThiel, Meryl. "Les groupes d'Etats et l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0009.
Full textThe WTO, which is one of the most criticized international organizations in the world, is currently the focus of debates because of its liberalisms policies. As academics as lawyers wonder how the WTO philosophy can be linked to different forms of international economic governance. Indeed, the number of NGO has grown in the WTO negotiations. In the same time, the number of Regional Economic Integration and their participation to the WTO negotiations increased. As a consequence, interrogations concerning international economic governance rose. At the WTO, a kind of coalitions is particularly remarkable but rarely studied in law: State Coalitions, which are based on the respect and defence of Equity. Similarly, one of the goals of the WTO is to establish Equity in international economic relations. Thanks to constructivism, this thesis highlights the interaction between State coalitions and the WTO. The focus is to point up how important is the contribution of State coalitions to WTO law. As a consequence, this thesis will draw a new meaning of Equity and international economic governance
Montagut, Amandine. "Transcodage du développement durable à La Poste : recompositions de l'organisation au prisme de l'action publique territoriale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0378.
Full textThis thesis deals with La Poste’s transcoding of sustainable development, a process which highlights the role of the representations and rules that have been mobilized as regards this term.Because sustainable development is a fuzzy and modulable term, its analysis is grounded around the concept of transcoding in order to understand both its managerial and political usages. Such a starting point has two aims: first, to go beyond debates and criticism’s that make sustainable development a black box; second, tracking transcoding enables analysis to focus on contextualized actors’ representations and concrete usages of sustainable development. Indeed, a multiplicity of actors have taken ownership of the term and, in so doing, put into circulation and competing, different definitions of it.In this respect, using neoliberal references and drawing upon New Public Management orientations and debates, La Poste has been transformed over the last twenty years in order to make it fit both with new competition regulations and liberalize postal markets. This change has also applied to the French public utilities system as a whole, which had thus far been defined as regards the issue of accessibility for any user wherever they live and work. Consequently, analysis of the Postal transcoding conducted here concerns the dynamics of struggles, interests, strategies and mobilizations over the « new public utilities », as defined within La Poste but also by other stakeholders, especially local Government in the form of Regions and municipalities. As users have been turned into consumers, our research helps to understand how a former monopolistic public service transformed its management and political discourses in order to reform its organisation, reinvent its historical legitimacy, maintain the closest possible relations with local government and, finally, take ownership of the new public utilities’ assets and tools.On a wider scale, the approach to the term sustainable development formulated in this thesis contributes to the understanding of polycentric public action within territories, and this especially by shedding light on how actors transcode policy change, external injunctions and public action recipes into self-defined, managerial and territorialized usages
El, Kyak Anass. "Analyse de la divergence des positions des États-Unis et de la Russie en Syrie dans la lutte contre le groupe de l'État islamique en Iraq et au Levant menée sous l'égide du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69514.
Full textThis thesis attempts to understand how the divergence in the logics of action between the United States and Russia in Syria had hindered the constitution of a collective action framed by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) that could have favored the prevention and the rapid and definitive defeat of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) organization. Indeed, the United States and Russia have been the most influential international powers in Syria given their extensive involvement under the stated goal of defeating ISIL. While agreeing on the need for a political solution to the Syrian crisis, these two strategic actors hold conflicting preferences, mainly with regard to the fate of the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad and the dynamics of the armed groups involved in the fighting against him. Thus, despite their competing plans in Syria, these two actors have attempted to devise a common approach to resolving the civil war and leading to the conduct of joint military operations against ISIL and the other terrorist groups taking advantage in the Syrian conflict. Nevertheless, the persisting dissension between these two permanent members of the UNSC had reduced the possibilities of agreement between them and has been projected on the work of this body whose decisions enjoy an exceptional legal and political scope. Thus, we analyze, on the one hand, the diplomatic occasions of interaction between these two actors, and on the other hand, their respective strategic motivations. This analysis allows us to define their logics of action in Syria, to identify the fundamental differences that have led them to prefer unilateral responses against ISIL rather than a common response, and to characterize the dilemma of collective action created by their coordination problem in Syria and that limited the UNSC's ability to take decisive and definitive collective action against ISIL in Syria.
Bellanger, Timothée. "La délégation de pouvoir en droit du travail, outil d'organisation de l'entreprise." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020011/document.
Full textFaced with the impossibility of exercising his or her full powers in a large company, the executive director has to delegate some these to his or her subordinates. Transmission of power therefore becomes part of the organisation of the company and constitutes the most pertinent vector of said organisation. The flexibility of its regime is an incentive to use delegation in the company or even in the scope of the corporate group. The transfer of responsibility becomes a corollary of the transfer of power, including, under certain conditions, the transfer of responsability borne by the delegator. Delegation of power has become one of the preferred tools in the organisation of a company as it also allows for the distribution of risks amongst its actors in the face of the current strong penalisation of work relations. It allows the executive director, the bearer of multiple legal obligations, to carry out a deconcentration of power and stemming from that, of responsibility, by giving employees possessing the required skills the tasks that he or she isn’t, in practice, able to undertake. His or her action increases efficiency in the interest of all
Brun-Hurtado, Elisabeth. "Tous commerciaux ? : les salariés de l'agence dans les transformations de la banque des années 1990-2000." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009040.
Full textTchagam, Malam. "L'évolution des fondements de la société : du groupement de personnes organisé au groupement de biens affecté." Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21022.
Full textAt the beginning the company was just a contract between trademen who put their goods together and share the returns (act 1832. Civil code 1804). This exclusively contractual nature evolues in time thanks to the notion of artificial personality, the development of share. Companies and the industrial and commercial concentration leading to the reform (act of 1867). From the years 1950s, with the birth of the legal notion of firm which will lead to the participation of the wage-earness to the life of the firm, the compagny will undergo deep mutation. With the revised act of july 24, 1966 the company became an institution. With the participation of commercial banks to the creation and the development of companies, the firm are controlled and this practice will disrupt the usual mecanism of the companies law. Henceforth, only the notion of patrimonial allocation can explain how the company has become a gathering of properties appointed to a common or individual activity. Therefore the legislator has to regulate the growing practice of groups of companies and modernize the stockmarkets where the organized gathering of properties are negociated
Petitjean, Clément. "Des professionnel·le·s de la représentation populaire. Les community organizers à Chicago." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV068/document.
Full textCommunity organizing is one of the most legitimate forms of collective action in the United States today, fostering the participation of urban working classes that are structurally excluded from the political field. And yet, the conditions of possibility of such socially unlikely participation have received little scholarly attention. Based on an ethnographic and sociohistorical inquiry conducted in Chicago, the historic birthplace of that repertoire of collective action, my goal in this dissertation is to address this gap by focusing on the group of professionals, called community organizers, who make popular and lay political participation and representation possible. The central paradox here is that, contrary to what the literature in political sociology usually argues, these professionals refuse to speak on behalf of the mobilized community, actively stepping back behind the spokespeople they select and train. What does the study of this role say about the links between processes of institutionalization, professionalization and politicization/depoliticization? In order to make sense of the original dissociation between the professional’s role and that of the spokesperson and understand how it affects the division of political work, the dissertation shows how the role of “leader-maker” has emerged, taken shape and been legitimized from the 1970s onwards, at the junction of, on the one hand, the reform-minded community organization tradition dating back to the early 20th century, and on the other, the legacy of the contentious politics of the 1960s and 1970s. I then shift the focus to what this hybrid role, where claims of professional expertise and mobilization and politicization cannot be disentangled, actually looks like in terms of daily practices developing popular representation. These practices occur within a space of political intermediation broadly shaped by networks of interdependencies with other competing sectors (the political and philanthropic fields, the “space of social movement”) which are beyond the lay spokespeople’s reach. By looking at organizers’ individual trajectories, however – from their social dispositions towards commitment to the actual incorporation of this pragmatic practical sense and the ways individuals can stay in the field or exit the role towards other career opportunities – the research shows that becoming an organizer can confirm or initiate dynamics of individual politicization
Seguret, Axel. "Mouvements collectifs et structure sociale chez le zebrafish en environnement fragmenté." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC168/document.
Full textThe collective decision-making is one of the mecanisms used by social species during foraging, path optimisation, collective movements, predator avoidance or habitat selection. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), gregarious animal models in biology, have never been studied in the context of collective binary choices. We found logical to analyse their decision behaviours. The goal of this thesis is to meet the expectations of the ASSISI|bf project of creation of an andjustable experimental setup able to sustain robots and fish, of development of an adaptive and self-organised mixed society and of the caracterisation of individual and collective behaviours of the zebrafish, implementable in the robots. We show that the collective decision making and the cohesion of groups of zebrafish in an open environment, composed of two identical landmarks, are dynamical processes that vary in function of the strain of Danio rerio (AB or TL) and are related to the density of the populations. Always on the move, the fish oscillate between the two landmarks. The AB zebrafish are more attracted by the landmarks and are less cohesive than the TL zebrafish. In a contrained environment, two rooms connected by a corridor, we do the same type of experiments with only AB zebrafish and vary the density of the groups from 1 to 20 individuals. AB zebrafish swim together. The increase of the density of the groups make them split. We noticed that the density of the groups has an effect on the topology of the groups : during collective departures from a room to the other one, there is a correlation between the rank of exit of the zebrafish (followers) and the rank of the distances of each individual from the initiator of the exits. This correlation is higher when the followers are either the closest or the farest from the initiator.Using the previous experimental setup, we focused also on the topics related to leadership for groups of 2 to 10 individuals. We show that each fish intiate at least once a collective departure and that the number of initiations is proportional to the number of initiation attempts. Also, we found that all the fish have the same success rate in the initiations after an initiation attempt and that there is a positive correlation between the intiations and the average speed. A deeper analysis of the collective movements shows that the zebrafish swim in group and transit without any interruption or even without periodicity between the rooms. We are currently improving this study and will bring new points of comparison to check if the non-periodicity of the transitions could be related to the density of the groups. Finally, we developed a new version of the Y-maze based on the previous observations.This perpetual Y-maze shows many usefull features for the study of the behaviour : a low habituation rate, a reduction of the interactions between the animals and the experimentators, and allows the fish to move in a Y-maze without starting nor ending zones as in typical Y-maze
Barafi, Jamal. "Les acteurs privés dans le système de règlement des différends de l’Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA008/document.
Full textThe dispute settlement forms the cornerstone of the multilateral trading system and an unprecedented contribution of the WTO to the stability of the global economy. Without a means of settling disputes, the rules-based system would be of no use because the rules could not be applied. This organization has the institutional capacity and specific regulation. The Dispute Settlement Body, arbiter of international trade disputes aims to ensure a proper functioning of the WTO and correction of major shortcomings recognized in the GATT. It is now one of the most active interstate mechanisms at the international level.However, the international economic game involves not only states. Private actors affected by the trade actions and conduct, are seeking to play a meaningful and effective role. This research discusses the possibility of the involvement of private actors in the dispute settlement procedures of the WTO. It aims to present current forms of intervention of these actors in these procedures and the possibilities of enhancing their participation in the WTO
Lemettre, Aurélie. "L'organisation des instances de représentation du personnel : essai sur un cadre évolutif." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020034.
Full textIf the legislator gives active consideration to the organization of the employee representation bodies, sometimes to their disappearance, he hardly considers their evolution. Restructuring operations are one of its main factors. They often have effect on the organization of the employee representation bodies, at least by causing a change of their organizational framework. The legislator has hardly considered it, leaving to the social partners, by agreement, and to the judge, throughout its judgments, the task of providing answers to the occurred questions. If this way of solving the questions coming from the evolution of the employee representation bodies is not devoid of merits, it also has disadvantages, particularly in the area, always sensitive, of legal certainty. It is arguable to call for a legislative intervention. It could, moreover, be an opportunity to rethink the employee representation law in order to refine its lines and to simplify its architecture. The stackings of bodies are not necessarily helpful to the defense of the interests of employees… and can overly complicate the management of company and of group
Hirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
Full textFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
Villemaine, Robin. "Le conseil agricole coopératif à l'épreuve de l'environnement : une enquête en Champagne-Ardenne." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOL001.
Full textAgricultural cooperatives are sometimes presented as an alternative to the excesses of financial capitalism, and sometimes criticized because of their reluctance to cope with environmental concerns. But how, actually, do they integrate these environmental stakes into their strategies and organization? How are their agents affected in their work by the increase of environmental normalization, and how do they deal with them? I address these issues through the analysis of the schemes these organizations build to bring technical advice to the producers, with a socio-historical focus based on an investigation in the French Region Champagne-Ardenne. I show that the question “who handles the environmental concerns, and how” shapes the dynamic of these schemes. Executives of cooperatives adjust their economic model and advisement frame to cope with concurrence and to respond to environmental criticism. On the one hand, they integrate the competence of sustainability into their strategies of wealth creation, upstream of the advice activity, to defend ways of environmental reform of agriculture in line with their interest, and in the same time they let individual producers delegate a part of their environmental responsibility. On the other hand, they develop new advice methods for producers who don’t want to delegate this competence. Otherwise, technical sales advisors don’t think that dealing with environmental concerns is an effective means to strengthen their links with their customers. They do with this constraint through their regulatory expertise, and develop new competences to meet the producers’ request for services
Martini, Franck. "Un cas d'étude hors-champ en clinique de l'activité : l'activité de travail collectif de la Patrouille de France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0533.
Full textLa Patrouille de France (PAF) has ensured a successful work of representation ordered by the Air Force. Quite surprisingly, its success is built on an annual partial renewal of its pilots’ team, with changes of positions and the mandatory departure of the leader. Also, the risky learning context of close flight sessions pushes the group to build their own references and ways of working, while integrating a military know-how. This knowledge is transmitted only orally, from the pilots with the more up-to-date experience. The group relies on self-training and regularly question themselves thanks to multiple feedback processes. My research deals with the way this group of pilots are adapting, by building and developing their collective activity in facing change constraints.For that purpose, the research interviews focused on “habitus” around interaction on activity, high performance sport coaching and trust relationships in order for an agreement to emerge between the pilots. These agreements allow to draw a picture of the PAF’s work activities, whilst other aspects, more rarely evoked concerning team work, link to human management, difficulties of the work assigned, self-assigned, assessment, communication as well as the selective process of training inside the group. The research presents an integration of these factors within a full model of the work activity, whose axes can be of valuable help in a transfer perspective destined to other groups learning in trainings
Dandelot, Damien. "La structure de la réalité sociale abstraite inhérente aux sociétés prescrites : La quiddité des liens et des structures de coopérations intra-organisationnels issus de l’activité réelle, dans le cas du processus de co-construction de sens découlant des décisions stratégiques." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0833/document.
Full textBased on the idea that the subsidiaries of a company are able to call into question the decisions of senior management (the parent company), the holistic approach developed in this study assumes that an organization can be a “being”, implying thereby that the information in its possession is external to the individuals who compose it. This raises the question of whether it is conceivable to ignore the individual in such a relationship of domination. This thesis proposes a model based on the results which show the difficult exclusion of the individual in a meta-organizational context (in which members would be organizations and not individuals). Along these same lines, the organization’s human dynamics are at the heart of this research: there exists by and through the individual a dynamic resulting from actual activity that allows the organization to live by itself, while also allowing prescribe to evolve. Although the results show that the organization is not a dead and strengthless object, and it has the opportunity to live by itself, it is the individuals who —through their conditional commitments— allow the separate existence of an organizational structure’s intra-consciousness, which imposes rights and obligations. In this perspective, the proposed model aims to draw the structures of abstract social reality (referred as Entity X in this study) by showing the strengths and organizational constraints that weigh on individual members, while raising the human capacity to emerge from the structures prescribed by the sensemaking of links and transversal structures for cooperation that originate from the actual activity
Lacatus, Monica Elena. "Organisation moléculaire dirigée par le groupe CONH2 en 2D et 3D." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9216.
Full textOur study involves the design, synthesis and structural analysis of supramolecular architectures obtained by self-assembly, based on the concepts of molecular tectonics. This branch of supramolecular chemistry explores the properties of molecules called tectons,from the Greek word tectos, meaning builder. Tectons typically incorporate sites of recognition connected to well-chosen skeletons with defined geometries. The sites of recognition, oriented by the geometry of the skeleton, can participate in intermolecular interactions that are sufficiently strong and directional to control the topology of the resulting assembly. This strategy is thereby based on self-assembly processes involving reversible interactions between tectons. Self-assembly directed by strong directional intermolecular interactions is widely used to produce materials whose components must be positioned in three dimensions (3D) in a predictable way. This strategy can also be used to control molecular association in two dimensions (2D), thereby allowing the construction of predictably organized and predetermined nanopatterns on various surfaces, such as graphite.Our work has focused on the behavior of the amide groups as primary sites of intermolecular interaction. These groups are analogues of carboxyl groups, which have been widely used in previous studies of directed molecular assembly. We have studied the 3D and 2D association of compounds with flat cores designed to favor the formation of sheets and to facilitate adsorption on graphite, modified by the addition of amide groups to promote the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The ability of these compounds to form predictably ordered 2D nanopatterns has been examined by scanning tunneling microscopy, and their organization in 3D has also been investigated by X-ray crystallography. In our study, we have systematically altered molecular geometry and other parameters to examine their effect on molecular organization. Our results suggest that combined structural analyses in 2D and 3D are an important asset in the effort to understand why molecules aggregate in particular ways and how these preferences can be altered by underlying surfaces.
Dominique, Jérôme. "Processus d'action organisée d'un groupe de paysans de Fonds-Jean-Noël, Jacmel, Haïti." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14844.
Full textPouliot, Hugues. "L'efficacité des missions de police civile de l'ONU : un cadre d'analyse." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17471.
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