Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Groupes de symétrie d'espace'
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El, Kharrat Daniel. "Etude et applications des beta-réseaux aux structures apériodiques : des beta-réseaux aux cristaux apériodiques." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077061.
Full textHavard, François. "Moyennes ergodiques sur des domaines à symétrie sphérique." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4005/document.
Full textWe study in this thesis the convergence of ergodic means associated to Zd or Rd group actions. In a first part, we consider an Rd measure preserving action and we study ergodic means over annulus of the Euclidean space. The central point is the description of the domain of validity of maximal inequalities. The classical case of balls and the singular case of spheres are well known. In our intermediate situation we obtain a dichotomy theorem : either the means on annulus obey the same law as the means on balls, or they obey the same law as the means on spheres. In the second part, we consider a Zd action and we describe the behavior of ergodic means taken on the integral points of euclidean spheres. We propose a detailed presentation of a theorem due to Magyar
Koenig, Muriel. "Une Exploration des espaces d'orbites des groupes de Lie compacts et de leurs applications à l'étude des bifurcations avec symétrie." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4902.
Full textSquellari, Romain. "Generalized dressing cosets and renormalizability of Poisson-Lie ó-models." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077027.
Full textThis thesis is divided in two main part. The first part deals with the classical aspect of the Poisson-Lie T-duality whereas the second part is focused on the quantum properties of these models. The Poisson-Lie T-duality establishes a dynamical equivalence of certain non-linear sigma-models, the target manifolds of which are a Poisson-Lie group G and its dual Poisson-Lie group \hat{G}, respectively. These models admit a generalization for which the targets of the mutually dual sigma-models are respectively the spaces of the dressing orbits F\G and F\ \hat{G} where F is certain (isotropic) subgroup of the common Drinfeld double D of G and \hat{G}. In this thesis, we furnish a more algebraic derivation of the second-order action of the dressing cosets than the one used by Klimcik & Severa based on symplectic geometry. Furthermore, we show how our new algebraic derivation leads to a generalization of the dressing cosets construction and we identify explicitly the actions of the generalized dressing cosets. Concerning the quantum aspect, we give the proof of the one-loop renormalizability of Poisson-Lie sigma models and its quantum equivalence. Moreover, with the help of these results, we probe the quantum structure of the Dressing cosets
Laoues, Mourad. "Représentations de masse nulle en dimension arbitraire d'espace-temps de de Sitter et de Minkowski." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS017.
Full textMagnenet, Vincent. "Formulation thermodynamique de lois de comportement hors-équilibre : groupes de symétrie continue issus d'une approche lagrangienne réversible." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_MAGNENET_V.pdf.
Full textStrategies for the elaboration of Lagrangian formulations of the constitutive laws of continuous me- dia subjected to local dissipation are developed. The computation of the resulting variational and local continuous symmetries constitutes the backbone of this work. The theoretical framework chosen is based on a thermodY. Famics of relaxations, which allows the consideration of microstructural variables evolution, accounting for the kinetiœ law describing the evolution of the microstructure. It is demonstrated that the self-adjointness condition, which is the neœssary and sufficient condition for the existence of a lagrangian associated to a system of partial difl'erential equations, is fulfilled by the chosen constitutive laws, provided the fundamental Euler relation is being generalized for situations outside equilibrium. This postulate is one of the cornerstone of a thermodynamics of relaxation called DNLR (alias Distribution of Nonlinear Relaxations). The kinetiœ equations governing the evolution of the microstructural variables has been further incorporated into the Lagrangian by means of mul- tipliers. The second aspect exploted in this work concerns the analysis of the Lie symmetries of the constitutive behaviour, following two difl'erent routes, The first one consists in computing the varia- tional symmetries, associated to given constitutive equations. A particular symmetry is highlighted in the case of a simplified DNLR model, that is related to the time-temperature equivalence principle. Enlarging the point of view, a methodology for setting up the constitutive behaviour of the material itself is proposed. It relies on the construction of experimental master curves that are given a Lie group structure, further leading to a forma! structure of the constitutive equations. This method has been applied for a stick submitted to an impact loading under large strain
Monnoye, Olivier. "Etude de la structure des noyaux exotiques semi-magiques en séniorité généralisée." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2042.
Full textJoung, Euihun. "Déformations de la symétrie de Poincaré et ses conséquences sur la théorie quantique de champs scalaires." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077148.
Full textThree cases of deforming the Poincare symmetry and its consequences on quantum field theory are studied with an algebraic approach. De Sitter (dS) group: Using the scalar unitary irreducible representation of dS group, the Fock space and the creation and annihilation operators (CAO) were constructed. Then, a quantum scalar field was defined as a linear combination of CAO subject to covariant transformations under the dS group. It was shown that when the mass squared of field is positive, such fields satisfy canonical commutation relations with an arbitrariness in their definition; when the mass squared is not positive, there exist no canonical scalar field operator. The massless limit of the massive field was considered also. Twisted Poincaré symmetry: The Fock space and the CAO compatible with the deformation by Drinfeld's twist were constructed. Then, it was shown that a covariant field linear in these CAO does not exist, but that without the linearity condition a covariant field related to the usual undeformed field by a unitary transformation can be determined. Quantum double (QD) of SU(2): The construction of classical fields in Euclidean space via the quotient of its isommetry group was generalized to the case of QD. The algebra of complex square matrices of all sizes appears as the deformation of the algebra of fields in Euclidean space. When relating this algebra to the fields in Euclidean space, a noncommutative algebra of fields and a local action for these fields were obtained
El, Hami Abdelkhalak. "Utilisation de la théorie des groupes finis et de la sous structuration en mécanique des structures répétitives." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA2004.
Full textEvanno, Laurent. "Vers la synthèse totale asymétrique du norditerpène (+)-hainanolide : méthodologies et stratégies." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066330.
Full textHainanolide or harringtonolide is a cytotoxic norditerpene from Cephalotaxus. It presents a polycyclic cage-shaped structure whose absolute stereochemistry had been determined by an X-ray crystallographic analysis of a brominated derivative. This original structure contains four fused carbocycles, especially a tropone, and two lactone and ether transannular bridges. Our synthetic strategy contains four key steps. The tropone cycle will be obtained lately from a dienyne, whose dienic part will be formed by an enyne metathesis. A biomimetically inspired cascade would allow forming the lactone and ether bridges from an epoxyde intermediate. A pivotal asymmetric cyclohexene ring will be generated by a stereoselective intramolecular Diels-Alder precursor (IMDA) reaction. The Diels-Alder precursor will be constructed from D-erythose acetal which is derived from the chiral pool (D-glucose). In order to study the formation of tropone ring by an original [4+2+1] cyclization, the synthesis and use of a model compound was done. The model compound contains a diene part installed by PtCl2-catalyzed enyne reorganization, and a terminal alkyne introduced by the Corey-Fuchs methodology. Our first strategy to form the tropone cycle consisted in a [4+2+1] cyclization reaction. This key step being planned at the end of the synthesis, a methodological study was essential. The model compound can be considered as a simplification of a late synthetic intermediate of the total synthesis. It conserves a five-membered cycle, a dienic system and an aliphatic chain with a terminal alkyne necessary for the cyclization. Four methodologies have been explored based on Wender, Montgomery, Fischer or Heck conditions
Al, Sayed Nazir. "Modèles LES invariants par groupes de symétries en écoulements turbulents anisothermes." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605655.
Full textChau, Huu-Tai Pierre. "Symétrie et géométrie du problème à N-corps : application à la physique nucléaire." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2029.
Full textChaluleau, Benoît. "Problème du mot, invariants de quasi-isométrie pour les groupes." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30036.
Full textCassanas, Roch. "Hamiltoniens quantiques et symétries." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009289.
Full textThibault, de Chanvalon Manon. "Groupes quantiques : actions sur des modules hilbertiens et calculs différentiels." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22521/document.
Full textMasson, David. "Fonctions harmoniques, codes et designs." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12589.
Full textCHAU, Huu-Tai. "Symétrie et géométrie du problème à N-corps. Application à la physique nucléaire." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002252.
Full textBaggio, Roberta. "Crystal Plasticity Theory Accounting for GL(2,Z) Symmetry." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131082.
Full textWe develop a new mesoscopic approach to crystal plasticity and apply it for the modeling of the homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation of dislocations in 2D. Plasticity is modeled in the context of geometrically and physically nonlinear elasticity theory, by using Landau-type energy density generating a globally periodic energy landscape. The equivalent energy wells describe atomic configurations which can be mapped on each other by lattice invariant shears. This type of invariance is dictated by the global symmetry group of integer valued invertible matrices GL(2,Z).The resulting model accounts for this tensorial symmetry in the context of nonlinear elasticity with finite stretches and rotations. The activation of the ‘plastic mechanisms’, described in this model by the extended ravines in the energy landscape, is directed by the energy minimization which accounts automatically for the coupling between different slip planes. Such coupling is largely controlled by the saddle points corresponding to the unstable high symmetry phases. Then, we used to simulate the collective nucleation of dislocations with the main goal of quantifing the effects of crystal symmetry and sample orientation in the loading device. Our numerical simulations show that homogeneous nucleation results in the formation of the dislocation patterns which are are characterized by high spatial complexity. We perform a systematic comparison with atomistic simulations, which suggest that our mesoscopic model is capable of capturing the main atomistic effects. The main advantage of the new model is that short range dislocations interaction is accounted automatically, whitout ad hoc phenomenological realtions. Being designed for the study of the evolution of a large number of interacting dislocations, the proposed mesoscopic model opens new possibilities for studying the complexity of plastic flows in crystals associated with the emergence of scale free spatial and temporal correlations
Marzouki, Mohamed Amine. "Group-theoretical investigation of the structural basis for the formation of twinned crystals." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0102/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the structural rationale behind the formation of growth twins, with the purpose of opening a route to the future development of synthesis protocols to reduce the occurrence frequency of twinning. The reason for this effort is that twinning affects negatively the physico-chemical properties of materials and biomaterials of technological interests and reduces the quality of the experimental data on which the structural investigation is based. While on the one hand the reasons for twinning in transformation and mechanical twins are well understood, in the case of growth twins twinning is still seen as an accident linked to aleatory conditions where kinetics, rather than thermodynamics, plays a principal role. A general approach known as the reticular theory of twinning has been developed since the XIX century, based on the existence of a sublattice common to the twinned crystals, which gives the minimal necessary conditions for the occurrence of a twin. This approach is, however, insufficient to discriminate between twins with the same degree of lattice overlap but showing a fairly different occurrence frequency. A structural approach, based on the analysis of the eigensymmetry of the crystallographic orbits building a crystal structure was proposed more than half a century ago (Donnay and Curien, 1960) but remained at an embryonic state, despite some recent revival (Nespolo and Ferraris, 2009). Also, the idea that a slice common to the twinned individuals may contain an operation mapping these individuals was proposed (Holser, 1958) but never brought to a full development. In this thesis, we present a full development of these ideas and show that the structurally necessary conditions for the formation of a growth twin can be described on the basis of the eigensymmetry of the crystallographic orbits and on the sectional layer group giving the symmetry of the common slice. The detailed analysis of three well-know twins demonstrates a clear correlation between the degree of structural restoration by the twin operation and the occurrence frequency of the twins. The analysis of a negative example, i.e. of a hypothetical twin which one would expect on the basis of the reticular theory but has never been observed, strengthens the evidence of this correlation, because of the low structural restoration one would observe in that twin. We expect that the generalisation of the approach presented in this thesis through a semi-automatic procedure will provide crystal growers with a powerful tool to modulate the occurrence frequency of twinning through a modification of the crystal morphologies towards a larger exposure and development of crystal faces which represent an unfavorable interface for twinning
Hoarau, Emma. "Mise en évidence de la brisure de symétrie des schémas numériques pour l'aérodynamique et développement de schémas préservant ces symétries." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066650.
Full textAbrishami, Homeira. "Génération de motifs persans." Paris 8, 2010. http://octaviana.fr/document/156463229#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis research offers an exhaustive classification of Persian Islamic ornamental patterns, based on a combination and a comparison of previous classifications, using historical Persian documents and decisive European scholarship. This research is unique because of the importance which we accord to Persian patterns, particularly to the Pre-Islamic ones that influenced later Islamic motifs. We then emphasize more recent Persian patterns and techniques (boteh, khataï et girih), whose development was local but influenced the entire Islamic world. Using many illustrations and examples, we describe these patterns and explain the process of their creation, highlighting the role that Greek and Persian mathematics played for centuries. We then analyse the importance of crystallography, from the XIX to XX centuries, first by linking symmetries of crystals (2, 3, 4 and 6 folds) with the periodic tilings of geometric ornaments, then by assimilating quasi-periodicity (5 fold symmetry) and Penrose’s tilings with the traditional technique of girih. Finally, we survey automatic computer generation of ornamental patterns
Lemiègre, Loïc. "Synthèse de carbasucres par réaction de Diels-Alder intramoléculaire asymétrique." Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES033.
Full textThis work deals with the total synthesis of carbasugars via a conjugated elimination followed by an asymmetric intramolecular cycloaddition step. C2 symmetric diols needed for the diastereoselective cycloaddition were prepared in good yields and diastereoselectivities by addition of organometallic compounds on o-phtalaldehyde. A transacetalisation of an acyclic acetal afforded alpha,beta-unsaturated dioxolane, dioxane and dioxepane. A conjugated elimination followed by an in situ acrylation provided a polyfunctionalised trienic structure. The intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition of trienes obtained from dioxepanes led, under hyperbaric conditions, to carbasugars skeletons. The diastereoselectivity of this step was good to total. The transformation of two cycloadducts, into 2-methyl-5a-carba-beta-DL-mannopyranose and 2-methyl-5a-carba-alpha-DL-gulopyranose has been achieved diastereoselectively in ten steps, with respectively 3. 8 and 5. 9% overall yield
Usnich, Alexandr. "Sur le groupe de Cremona et ses sous-groupes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812808.
Full textAudemard, Gilles. "Résolution du problème SAT et génération de modèles finis en logique du premier ordre." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11036.
Full textDias, da Silva Gustavo. "Symmetries and Distances : two intriguing challenges in Mathematical Programming." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX008/document.
Full textThis thesis is mostly dedicated to study and discuss two important challenges existing not only in the field of Mathematical Programming: symmetries and distances. In the background we take a look into Semidefinite Programming (SDP) and its pertinency as one of the major tools employed nowadays to solve hard Mathematical Programs (MP). After the introductory Chapter 1, we discuss about symmetries in Chapter 2 and about distances in Chapter 5. In between them we present two short chapters that we actually prefer to call as entr’actes: their content is not necessarily worthy of publication yet, but they do provide a connection between the two seemingly separate Chapters 2 and 5, which are the ones containing the main contributions of this thesis. It is widely known that symmetric MPs are harder to solve to global optimality using Branch-and-Bound (B&B) type algorithms, given that the solution symmetry is reflected in the size of the B&B tree. It is also well-known that some of the solution symmetries are usually evident in the formulation, which makes it possible to attempt to deal with symmetries as a preprocessing step. Implementation-wise, one of the simplest approaches is to break symmetries by adjoining Symmetry-Breaking Constraints (SBC) to the formulation, thereby removing some symmetric global optima, then solve the reformulation with a generic solver. Sets of such constraints can be generated from each orbit of the action of the symmetries on the variable index set. It is unclear, however, whether and how it is possible to choose two or more separate orbits to generate SBCs which are compatible with each other (in the sense that they do not make all global optima infeasible). In Chapter 2 we discuss and test a new concept of Orbital Independence (OI) that clarifies this issue. The numerical experiences conducted using public MILPs and MINLPs emphasize the correctness and usefulness of the OI theory. Binary Quadratic Programming (BQP) is used to investigate symmetries and SDP in Entr'acte 3. Symmetric Binary Quadratic Programs having a certain symmetry structure are generated and used to exemplify the conditions under which the usage of SBCs is majoritarily advantageous. A preliminary discussion about the impact of symmetries and SBCs in the performance of SDP solvers is also carried out. The Euclidean Steiner Tree Problem is studied in Entr'acte 4. Two models (which are exact reformulations of an existing formulation) are derived, as well as SDP relaxations. A heuristic algorithm based on both the mathematical models and the OI principles presented in Chapter 2 is also proposed. As concerns these methods, preliminary results on a small set of well-known instances are provided. Finally and following up the Distance Geometry subject, in Chapter 5 we cope with the most fundamental problem arising in the field of Distance Geometry, the one of realizing graphs in Euclidean spaces: it asks to find a realization of an edge-weighted undirected graph in RK for some given K such that the positions for adjacent vertices respect the distance given by the corresponding edge weight. The Euclidean Distance Geometry Problem (EDGP) is of great importance since it has many applications to science and engineering. It is notoriously difficult to solve computationally, and most of the methods proposed so far either do not scale up to useful sizes, or unlikely identify good solutions. In fact, the need to constrain the rank of the matrix representing feasible solutions of the EDGP is what makes the problem so hard. Intending to overcome these issues, we propose a two-steps heuristic algorithm based on SDP (or more precisely based on the very recent Diagonally Dominant Programming paradigm) and the explicitly modeling of Rank Constraints. We provide extensive computational testing against randomly generated instances as well as against feasible realistic protein conformation instances taken from the Protein Data Bank to analyze our method
Monnoye, O. "Etude de la structure des noyaux exotiques semi-magiques en séniorité généralisée." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647463.
Full textSchieber, Gil. "L'algèbre des symétries quantiques d'Ocneanu et la classification des systèmes conformes à 2D." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007545.
Full textLancien, Cécilia. "High dimension and symmetries in quantum information theory." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1077/document.
Full textIf a one-phrase summary of the subject of this thesis were required, it would be something like: miscellaneous large (but finite) dimensional phenomena in quantum information theory. That said, it could nonetheless be helpful to briefly elaborate. Starting from the observation that quantum physics unavoidably has to deal with high dimensional objects, basically two routes can be taken: either try and reduce their study to that of lower dimensional ones, or try and understand what kind of universal properties might precisely emerge in this regime. We actually do not choose which of these two attitudes to follow here, and rather oscillate between one and the other. In the first part of this manuscript (Chapters 5 and 6), our aim is to reduce as much as possible the complexity of certain quantum processes, while of course still preserving their essential characteristics. The two types of processes we are interested in are quantum channels and quantum measurements. In both cases, complexity of a transformation is measured by the number of operators needed to describe its action, and proximity of the approximating transformation towards the original one is defined in terms of closeness between the two outputs, whatever the input. We propose universal ways of achieving our quantum channel compression and quantum measurement sparsification goals (based on random constructions) and prove their optimality. Oppositely, the second part of this manuscript (Chapters 7, 8 and 9) is specifically dedicated to the analysis of high dimensional quantum systems and some of their typical features. Stress is put on multipartite systems and on entanglement-related properties of theirs. We essentially establish the following: as the dimensions of the underlying spaces grow, being barely distinguishable by local observers is a generic trait of multipartite quantum states, and being very rough approximations of separability itself is a generic trait of separability relaxations. On the technical side, these statements stem mainly from average estimates for suprema of Gaussian processes, combined with the concentration of measure phenomenon. In the third part of this manuscript (Chapters 10 and 11), we eventually come back to a more dimensionality reduction state of mind. This time though, the strategy is to make use of the symmetries inherent to each particular situation we are looking at in order to derive a problem-dependent simplification. By quantitatively relating permutation symmetry and independence, we are able to show the multiplicative behavior of several quantities showing up in quantum information theory (such as support functions of sets of states, winning probabilities in multi-player non-local games etc.). The main tool we develop for that purpose is an adaptable de Finetti type result
Rouvel, David. "Essai sur les symétries géométriques et les transitions de forme du noyau de l'atome." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE032/document.
Full textThe geometrical symmetries used in nuclear physics are not very diversified, essentially the symmetry of the triaxial ellipsoid. One proposes therefore a rigourous method allowing to study the temporal evolution and the possibility of the existence of new symmetries among them the tetrahedral symmetry. The formalism of SCHRÖDINGER equation is reformulated in the framework of RIEMANN’s spaces. This formalism is used in the context of the atomic nucleus where one applies the mean-field theory combined with the adiabatic approximation. The nucleus is the terrain of two types of motions adiabatically separated, the quick motion of the nucleons in the mean-field and the collective motion modifying slowly the meanfield. The second one is governed by a collective SCHRÖDINGER equation written down in a space whose metric is given by the mass tensor. The study of the nucleus geometry is then computable with the help of two big programs developped within the thesis
Lindman, Hornlund Josef. "Sigma-models and Lie group symmetries in theories of gravity." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209911.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Dutercq, Sébastien. "Métastabilité dans les systèmes avec lois de conservation." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2016/document.
Full textThis thesis contains an abstract with mathematical formulae. You can consult it via the complete text of the document in the back page
Martins, Costa Marilia Teresa Cadillon. "Chimiste : un ensemble de logiciels de modélisation moléculaire quantique." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10183.
Full textOliveira, Iury Rafael Domingos de. "Surfaces à courbure moyenne constante dans les variétés homogènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0057.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to study constant mean curvature surfaces into homogeneous 3-manifolds with 4-dimensional isometry group. In the first part of this thesis, we study constant mean curvature surfaces in the product manifolds \mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R} and \mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}. As a main result, we establish a local classification for constant mean curvature surfaces with constant intrinsic curvature in these spaces. In this classification, we present a new example of constant mean curvature surfaces with constant intrinsic curvature in \mathbb{H}^2\times\mathbb{R}. As a consequence, we use the sister surface correspondence to classify the constant mean curvature surfaces with constant intrinsic curvature in the others homogeneous 3-manifolds with 4-dimensional isometry group, and then new examples with these conditions arise in \widetilde{\mathrm{PSL}}_{2}(\mathbb{R}). We devote the second part of this thesis to study minimal surfaces in \mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R}. For this, we define a new Gauss map for surfaces in this space using the model of \mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R} isometric to \mathbb{R}^3\setminus\{0\}, endowed with a metric conformally equivalent to the Euclidean metric of \mathbb{R}^3. As a main result, we prove that any two minimal conformal immersions in \mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R} with the same non-constant Gauss map differ by only two types of ambient isometries. Moreover, if the Gauss map is a singular, we show that it is necessarily constant and then the surface is a vertical cylinder over a geodesic of \mathbb{S}^2 in \mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R}. We also study some particular cases, among them we also prove that there is no minimal conformal immersion into \mathbb{S}^2\times\mathbb{R} with anti-holomorphic non-constant Gauss map
Decamp, Jean. "Symétries et corrélations dans les gaz quantiques fortement interagissants à une dimension." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4060/document.
Full textThe main focus of this thesis is the theoretical study of strongly interacting quantum mixtures confined in one dimension and subjected to a harmonic external potential. Such strongly correlated systems can be realized and tested in ultracold atoms experiments. Their non-trivial permutational symmetry properties are investigated, as well as their interplay with correlations. Exploiting an exact solution at strong interactions, we extract general correlation properties encoded in the one-body density matrix and in the associated momentum distributions, in fermionic and Bose-Fermi mixtures. In particular, we obtain substantial results about the short-range behavior, and therefore the high-momentum tails, which display typical k^−4 laws. The weights of these tails, denoted as Tan’s contacts, are related to numerous thermodynamic properties of the systems such as the two-body correlations, the derivative of the energy with respect to the one-dimensional scattering length, or the static structure factor. We show that these universal Tan’s contacts also allow to characterize the spatial symmetry of the systems, and therefore is a deep connection between correlations and symmetries. Besides, the exchange symmetry is extracted using a group theory method, namely the class-sum method, which comes originally from nuclear physics. Moreover, we show that these systems follow a generalized version of the famous Lieb-Mattistheorem. Wishing to make our results as experimentally relevant as possible, we derive scaling laws for Tan’s contact as a function of the interaction, temperature and transverse confinement. These laws. Display displadisplay display interesting effects related to strong correlations and dimensionality
Feray, Valentin. "Fonctions sur l'ensemble des diagrammes de Young : caractères du groupe symétrique et polynômes de Kerov." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST1013/document.
Full textThe main object of this thesis is the (normalized) irreducible character values of the symmetric group, seen as a function of the partition indexing the representation (and not of the permutation on which we compute the character value). With a good rescaling, the characters can be written as polynomials in so-called Stanley coordinates or in terms of free cumulants (the latter are observables of the diagram, which appear naturally in the asymptotics study of character values). We give a combinatorial interpretation for the coefficients of these two expressions. More precisely, the summans are indexed by maps, whose genus is linked with their asymptotic behaviour. This kind of expression is very useful to obtain asymptotic results : for example, one has given upper bounds on character values and enlarged the domain of validity of some known equivalents. Moreover, the combinatorics involved in these questions is interesting and has been applied to identities on rational functions
Morand, Kevin. "Symétries nonrelativistes et gravitation de Newton-Cartan." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4009/document.
Full textWith the advent of general relativity, the profound interaction between the geometry of spacetime and gravitational phenomena became a truism of modern physics. However, the intimate relationship between spacetime geometry and gravitation is by no means restricted to relativistic physics but can in fact be successfully applied to nonrelativistic physics, the paradigmatic example being E. Cartan geometrisation of Newtonian gravity. This geometrisation of nonrelativistic gravitation involves some nonrelativistic structures whose discrepancies in comparison with their relativistic peers are better understood when embedded inside specific classes of relativistic gravitational waves. The ambition of this Doctoral Thesis is twofold: In a first part, we discuss a generalisation of the class of gravitational waves allowing the embedding of nonrelativistic features, explore their geometric properties and the new nonrelativistic structures emerging from this study. In a second part, we advocate how the group-theoretically oriented approach of Cartan to differential geometry can shed new light on nonrelativistic structures, both in an intrinsic and ambient fashion
Pons, Viviane. "Combinatoire algébrique liée aux ordres sur les permutations." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952773.
Full textLarouche, Michelle. "Brisure de symétrie par la réduction des groupes de Lie simples à leurs sous-groupes de Lie réductifs maximaux." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9105.
Full textIn this work, we exploit properties well known for weight systems of representations to define them for individual orbits of the Weyl groups of simple Lie algebras, and we extend some of these properties to orbits of non-crystallographic Coxeter groups. Points of an orbit of a finite Coxeter group G are considered as vertices of a polytope (G-polytope) centered at the origin of a real n-dimensional Euclidean space. Products and symmetrized powers of G-polytopes are introduced and their decomposition into the sums of G-polytopes is described. Several invariants of G-polytopes are found. The orbits of Weyl groups of simple Lie algebras of all types are reduced to the union of orbits of the Weyl groups of maximal reductive subalgebras of the algebra. Matrices transforming points of the orbits of the algebra into points of subalgebra orbits are listed for all cases n<=8 and for many infinite series of algebra-subalgebra pairs. Numerous examples of branching rules are shown. Finally, we present a new, uniform and comprehensive description of centralizers of the maximal regular subgroups in compact simple Lie groups of all types and ranks. Explicit formulas for the action of such centralizers on irreducible representations of the simple Lie algebras are given and shown to have application to computation of the branching rules with respect to these subalgebras.
Guay, Alexandre. "Symétrie : réflexions sur les formes naturelles." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14269.
Full textAlvarez, Moraga Nibaldo. "Génération d'états cohérents et comprimés pour des algèbres et superalgèbres de symétrie de systèmes quantiques." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14623.
Full textZidelmal, Noureddine. "Représentation algorithmique des motifs géométriques de l'art et de l'ornement mauresques." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17138.
Full textLamothe, Vincent. "Analyse de groupe d’un modèle de la plasticité idéale planaire et sur les solutions en termes d’invariants de Riemann pour les systèmes quasilinéaires du premier ordre." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10343.
Full textThe objects under consideration in this thesis are systems of first-order quasilinear equations. In the first part of the thesis, a study is made of an ideal plasticity model from the point of view of the classical Lie point symmetry group. Planar flows are investigated in both the stationary and non-stationary cases. Two new vector fields are obtained. They complete the Lie algebra of the stationary case, and the subalgebras are classified into conjugacy classes under the action of the group. In the non-stationary case, a classification of the Lie algebras admissible under the chosen force is performed. For each type of force, the vector fields are presented. For monogenic forces, the algebra is of the highest possible dimension. Its classification into conjugacy classes is made. The symmetry reduction method is used to obtain explicit and implicit solutions of several types. Some of them can be expressed in terms of one or two arbitrary functions of one variable. Others can be expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. Many solutions are interpreted physically in order to determine the shape of realistic extrusion dies. In the second part of the thesis, we examine solutions expressed in terms of Riemann invariants for first-order quasilinear systems. The generalized method of characteristics, along with a method based on conditional symmetries for Riemann invariants are extended so as to be applicable to systems in their elliptic regions. The applicability of the methods is illustrated by examples such as non-stationary ideal plasticity for an irrotational flow as well as fluid mechanics equations. A new approach is developed, based on the introduction of rotation matrices which satisfy certain algebraic conditions. It is directly applicable to non-homogeneous and non-autonomous systems. Its efficiency is illustrated by examples which include a system governing the non-linear superposition of waves and particles. The general solution is constructed in explicit form.