Journal articles: 'Groups of workers'

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Latysheva, L. "Worker support groups: The ranks of female workers." Metallurgist 34, no. 8 (August 1990): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00748642.

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Krishna, Pravin, Jennifer P. Poole, and Mine Zeynep Senses. "Trade, Labor Market Frictions, and Residual Wage Inequality across Worker Groups." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.417.

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Using a matched employer-employee data set, we study the effects of trade liberalization on wage dispersion in Brazil across heterogeneous worker groups, keeping in mind that the assignment of workers to firms may be non-random and determined by the time-invariant productivity of workers specific to the firms with which they are matched. We find differential effects of trade reform on residual wage inequality across worker groups. High education workers experience greater increases in wage dispersion relative to low education workers following trade liberalization. This finding is broadly consistent with the theoretical predictions that emerge from models with heterogeneous firms, heterogeneous workers, and labor market frictions.

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Mitra, Indrajit, and Yu Xu. "Time-Varying Risk Premium and Unemployment Risk across Age Groups." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 8 (October 31, 2019): 3624–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz122.

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Abstract We show that time-varying risk premium in financial markets can explain a key, yet puzzling, feature of labor markets: the large differences in unemployment risk across worker age groups over the business cycle. Our search model features a time-varying risk premium and learning about unobserved heterogeneity in worker productivity. Their interaction generates large real effects through firms’ labor policies. Our model predicts higher unemployment risk of younger workers relative to prime-age workers when risk premium is high, and the employment ratio of prime-age to young workers to be more cyclical in high beta industries. We find empirical support for these predictions. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

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Yin, Siyuan. "Alternative forms of media, ICTs, and underprivileged groups in China." Media, Culture & Society 40, no. 8 (January 25, 2018): 1221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718754653.

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This article discusses uses of alternative forms of media and information communication technologies (ICTs) by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and advocacy organizations for underprivileged and marginalized groups in China, specifically rural-to-urban migrant workers. Drawing from the conceptual framework of alternative media and ICTs for social change, I analyze a local NGO’s community newspaper for migrant workers and an online advocacy media organization targeting female migrant workers. The two cases present sustainable and organized modes of alternative media production that enable deliberative spaces for migrant workers’ collective expression. Analyzing semi-structured interviews with editors and migrant worker-authors, as well as published articles and reader responses, I examine thematic content and processes of production and distribution. Migrant workers’ articulations through alternative media constitute a daily mode of activism and resistance. Demonstrating that communal and organizational support can mobilize underprivileged groups to participate in alternative and collective media production for social inclusion and equality, the study considers the transformative potential of alternative media and ICTs. I argue that such transformative potential should not be taken for granted. Integrating local conditions into analysis is crucial to clarifying how, and with what constraints, alternative forms of media and ICTs may contribute to social change.

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Camargo, Roberto da Silva, Ricardo Toshio Fujihara, and Luiz Carlos Forti. "Nest Digging by Leaf-Cutting Ants: Effect of Group Size and Functional Structures." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/426719.

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Leaf-cutting ant workers dig underground chambers, for housing their symbiotic fungus, interconnected by a vast quantity of tunnels whose function is to permit the entrance of food (leaves), gaseous exchanges, and movement of workers, offspring, and the queen. Digging is a task executed by a group of workers, but little is known about the group effect and group-constructed functional structures. Thus, we analyzed the structures formed by worker groups (5, 10, 20, and 40 individuals) of the leaf-cutting ant,Atta sexdens rubropilosa, for 2 days of excavation. The digging arena was the same for the 4 groups, with each group corresponding to a different density. Our results verified a pattern of tunneling by the workers, but no chamber was constructed. The group effect is well known, since the 40-worker group dug significantly more than the groups of 5, 10, and 20. These groups did not differ statistically from each other. Analysis of load/worker verified that workers of the smallest group carried the greatest load. Our paper demonstrates the group effect on the digging of nests, namely, that excavation is proportional to group size, but without emergence of a functional structure such as a chamber.

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Ebenstein, Helene. "Single-Session Groups: Issues for Social Workers." Social Work With Groups 21, no. 1-2 (February 18, 1999): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v21n01_05.

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Black, Rita Beck, and Diane Drachman. "Hospital Social Workers and Self-Help Groups." Health & Social Work 10, no. 2 (1985): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/10.2.95.

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Wee, Hwee, and Gweon-Young Kang. "Addiction Problems, Aggression, and Quality of Life in People with Different Occupations in South Korea." Healthcare 9, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9020141.

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Addiction is related to aggression and quality of life. This study examined the relationship between these three factors according to occupation group in a mixed urban/rural area to better understand adult addiction problems. This study was a secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data collected by a 2017 regional survey of adults living in Gunsan City, South Korea. The survey included 500 people split into the unemployed (Group1), full-time homemakers (Group2), and primary (Group3), secondary (Group4), and tertiary (Group5) industry workers. Addiction problems and aggression were positively correlated (p < 0.01). Aggression and alcohol use disorder were correlated in Group3 (r = 0.31), Group4 (r = 0.34), and Group5 (r = 0.32), and aggression and smartphone addiction were correlated in Group2 (r = 0.39) and Group4 (r = 0.31). Problem gambling was correlated with aggression in Group5 (r = 0.39). A negative relationship between quality of life and alcohol use disorder occurred in Group1 (r = −0.36). According to the occupation group, the relationships between addiction problems, aggression, and quality of life were different. These findings suggest that addiction management for adults should be implemented in consideration of occupation groups.

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Lee, Jea-Yong, Mo-Yeol Kang, Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, and Jun-Pyo Myoung. "P.1.20 Trends in prevalence of obesity according to occupational group: the korean national health and nutrition examination survey." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A82.3—A82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.223.

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ObjectivesThis study was designed to provide recent trends of obesity among workers in Korea, and identify whether there was difference across occupational group.MethodsWe used data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination survey phase I to VI (1998–2015) to analyze trends in prevalence of obesity in Korean adult workers. Obesity was defined as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher. Occupation was classified into 3 groups; a) non-manual worker, b) service/sales worker, c) manual worker.ResultDuring the period from KNHANES phase I to VI, the prevalence of obesity in male workers increased in all occupations as a whole (31.1% to 39.5% in manual worker, 32.3% to 38.2% in service/sales worker, 25.3% to 39.7% in manual worker). In contrast, female workers did not show a particular tendency except for a significantly decreasing in the prevalence rate in service/sales workers (30.8% to 23.9%, p for trend 0.0048).ConclusionsThe trends of obesity prevalence by gender and occupation were different. Especially for male manual-workers, the prevalence rate has increased steadily during the period, while it has decreased steadily in female sales/service workers. These results can be used to select vulnerable groups that can be applied to obesity prevention programs first.

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Gosterit, Ayhan, Ozgur Koskan, and Fehmi Gurel. "The Relationship of Weight and Ovarian Development in Bombus terrestris L. Workers under Different Social Conditions." Journal of Apicultural Science 60, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jas-2016-0016.

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Abstract Egg-laying behaviour of bumblebee workers is highly flexible and influenced by the bees’ social status and social environment. In this study, the dependence of the starting time of ovarian development in Bombus terrestris workers was determined under four different social conditions. The purpose was to test the effect of group stimulation and the presence of a queen on ovarian development. The relationship between weight and the commencement of ovarian development in workers was also investigated. We created four test groups: (1) 8 callow workers with a queen, (2) 8 callow workers without a queen, (3) 1 callow worker with a queen, and (4) 1 callow worker without a queen. Mated and hibernated (freshly awoken) B. terrestris queens made up Group 1 and 3. There was no significant difference between the starting times of ovarian development in the experimental groups composed of 8 callow workers in queenright (9.81 ± 2.44 days) and queenless (9.53 ± 2.53 days) conditions. However, ovaries of workers confined singly with a queen started to develop significantly earlier (11.77 ± 3.30 days) than workers confined singly without a queen (14.70 ± 3.56 days). The observations indicate that the presence of a queen does not inhibit the ovarian development of workers. The Point-Biserial Correlation Coefficient between the starting of ovarian development in workers and their weight was −0.013. However, there was a positive correlation between the weight and the ovarian developmental status of workers in groups containing 8 workers.

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Shastin, Aleksandr S., S. V. Yarushin, T. M. Tsepilova, V. G. Gazimova, S. R. Guselnikov, E. G. Plotko, and T. S. Ustyugova. "HEALTH INDICATORS IN CERTAIN OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS OF WORKERS." Hygiene and sanitation 99, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-1-26-31.

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Introduction. Occupational health enforcement in workers as a part of corporate social programs remains an urgent challenge for business entities. Public benefits and economic efficiency of programs for health preservation/disease prevention depend on whether they are arranged well enough with regard to the health status of individual workers and occupational groups. Meanwhile, the regulation of personal data protection limits the ability of business entities to access information about the health status of their employees. Material and methods. We analyzed the physicians’ statements obtained in regular medical examinations of industrial workers for a 5-year period. Results. We identified occupational groups/units with the highest percentage of workers who need sanatorium-resort treatment (SRT). Electric gas welders and furnace operators were estimated to need SRT the most, twice as frequently vs the rest of the workers. Conclusion. Medical check-up examinations not only provide information about the workers with a high risk of occupational diseases, but they also allow identifying occupational groups with a high risk of temporary disability due to common non-communicable diseases. Information obtained from these statements can be used for indicative health assessment in occupational groups of workers. This may be used in detecting prior groups of individuals when planning health-promoting activities and other measures.

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Dewi, Ratri Purnama, Monita Deka Martiwi, Yolanda Fikrina Aziza, Ratih Fitria Putri, Sri Rahayu Budiani, and Abraham Cardénas Tristan. "Farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park: socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets." E3S Web of Conferences 200 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020004004.

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Wonorejo is one of the village near Baluran National Park, East Java that dominated by farm workers. The total farm workers in Wonorejo Village up to 45% by 2018. We know that farm workers are vulnerable groups which have high risk in poverty. But, these groups actually exist in the village. The purpose of this study is to describe socio-demographic characteristics and economic assets of farm worker households in Wonorejo Village, Baluran National Park, East Java. We used primary data with households survey and descriptive quantitative method of analysis. According to social characteristics it is known that the most of household heads of farm workers in Wonorejo Village did not finish primary school (46%) and only 65% of farm workers were all members in healthy condition. According to demographic characteristics, most of farm worker households were headed by male and the number of family members was quite diverse, the average age of farm workers more than 64 years. The result also showed that savings were the one of farm workers strategy for survival.

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Князева, Наталья, and Natalya Knyazeva. "Labours’ Right Protection of the Groups of Workers." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 11 (October 31, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22200.

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The article pays attention to the fact that as a rule violations of labours’ right protection are of mass proportions, but the labor legislation does not provide the possibility for collective defense. Features of the labours’ right protection predetermine the necessity for restoration of the rights of one employee to solve the question about other employees whose rights have been violated in the same way. Following this line of reasoning and taking into account the identified advantages of collective defense, there was substantiated the necessity of recognition of the collective right for protection in a case of simultaneous violations of the rights of a few (group) of employees by the same employer. In the article there were formulated the attribute which has to meet the group of employees for purposes of collective defense. Some peculiarities of realization of the collective right to protection were also analyzed in present article. Special attention was paid to the collective suspension of work and classaction lawsuit as measures of collective judicial protection.

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Mignone, Javier, and Tee L. Guidotti. "Support Groups for Injured Workers: Process and Outcomes." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 41, no. 12 (December 1999): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199912000-00009.

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Black, Rita Beck, and Joan O. Weiss. "Genetic Support Groups and Social Workers as Partners." Health & Social Work 15, no. 2 (May 1990): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/15.2.91.

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Liao, Zhifang, Xin Xu, Xiaoping Fan, Yan Zhang, and Song Yu. "GRBMC: An effective crowdsourcing recommendation for workers groups." Expert Systems with Applications 179 (October 2021): 115039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.115039.

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Yeoman, Kristin, Aaron Sussell, Kyla Retzer, and Gerald Poplin. "Health Risk Factors Among Miners, Oil and Gas Extraction Workers, Other Manual Labor Workers, and Nonmanual Labor Workers, BRFSS 2013–2017, 32 States." Workplace Health & Safety 68, no. 8 (June 2, 2020): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079920909136.

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Background: Analyzing health risk factors among current workers by industry and occupation (IO) provides information on disparities between worker groups, especially when comparing workers within manual labor occupations. Mining and oil and gas extraction (OGE) are unique industries with different work environments that could affect health risk factors. The study objective was to compare the prevalence of health risk factors of miners, OGE, other manual labor, and nonmanual labor workers. Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s IO module was analyzed for years 2013–2017 to compare prevalences of excessive alcohol use, smoking, smokeless tobacco use, seat belt use, inadequate sleep, and obesity among four worker groups. National Health Interview Survey IO codes were used to categorize miners, OGE, other manual labor, and nonmanual labor workers. Findings: Miners and OGE workers had higher prevalence estimates than both nonmanual and manual labor workers for all health risk factors except current smoking. Both miners and OGE workers were significantly more likely than other manual labor workers to report smokeless tobacco use and not always wearing seatbelts. Compared with other manual labor workers, OGE workers were significantly more likely to report obesity, and miners were significantly more likely to report inadequate sleep. Conclusion/Application to Practice: Prevalence of most health risk factors differed among miners, OGE, other manual labor, and nonmanual labor workers. These differences could lead to disparities in health outcomes. Occupational health professionals in mining and OGE can use this information to inform and target integrated wellness and health and safety programs.

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Shin, Young-Kyu, and Tuomas Ylä-Anttila. "New social risk groups, industrial relations regimes and union membership." Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 3 (December 10, 2017): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717735054.

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The literature on new social risk (NSR) groups, such as single parents and temporary workers, has argued that they are less likely to join trade unions than other employees. It has been suggested that this is due to the unions’ incapacity or unwillingness to promote policies that mediate NSRs. We argue that there are differences in unionization between different NSR groups, and that country-level institutional structures, operationalized here as industrial relations (IR) regimes, have effects on how likely NSR groups are to unionize. Our multilevel logistic models using European Social Survey (ESS) data produce three main results: (1) family policy-related NSR groups (single parents, female employees with children and female caregivers) are more – not less – unionized than the average worker; (2) precarious workers (low-skilled service employees, temporary employees and part-timers) are, indeed, less unionized than average but (3) this result concerns mostly the liberal and transitional IR regimes.

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Eftekhari, Sahar, Omid Aminian, André Esser, Thomas Schettgen, Andrea Kaifie, Michael Felten, Thomas Kraus, and Zeinab Moinfar. "PCB plasma level in different occupational groups in Iran." Toxicology and Industrial Health 37, no. 8 (June 15, 2021): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07482337211024818.

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Despite the ban of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) some decades ago, concerns regarding their adverse health effects are continuing, because the workers employed for installation and repair of electrical equipment may be still exposed to PCBs. This study aimed to assess serum PCBs levels in workers in different industries. To do this, we determined the serum concentrations of 9 non-dioxin-like PCBs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs in 147 workers from seven occupational groups and 35 housewives. An electrical distribution company, paint manufacturer, and pesticide manufacturer were categorized as high probability exposure jobs, whereas turning and casting operations, polymer plastic manufacturing, professional driving, and office work were categorized as low probability exposure jobs. In addition, the average of PCB 138, 153, and 180 and PCB sums were observed to be significantly higher in paint manufacture workers compared to the another groups. In addition, the average PCB 118 level was higher in electrical distribution workers and housewives. Following the adjustment for age, blood lipid, residency place, and seafood in the regression model, the association of PCB 118 in electrical distribution workers and PCB 153 in paint manufacture workers remained significant. The results of this study served as further support for the hypothesis for an occupational basis for bioaccumulation of some PCB types. However, the plasma levels of almost all PCB congeners in Iran were found to be lower than many other countries.

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Ferreira, Paula. "Social Intervention in the workplace: contributions to the inclusion of vulnerable groups." Ehquidad Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, no. 15 (January 10, 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2021.0008.

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Discussing the role of Social Work in the context of current job vulnerabilities and investing on an intervention that promotes equal opportunities among all workers and defends their fundamental rights requires that Social Workers have a thorough reading of the complexity of the world in which we live and a understanding of the challenges and possibilities that arise for your intervention in this field. In this recognition, we seek in this paper to reflect on some of the main vulnerabilities present in the field of labor relations, as well as the challenges (external and internal) that they pose to the professional exercise of social worker and in the configuration of his space of work in the work context, leaving still some contributions towards the inclusion of the most vulnerable groups.

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Shaw, Lynn, Joy McDermid, Anita Kothari, Rob Lindsay, Phil Brake, Peter Page, Colin Argyle, Crystal Gagnon, and Melissa Knott. "Knowledge brokering with injured workers: Perspectives of Injured Worker Groups and Health Care Professionals." Work 36, no. 1 (2010): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2010-1010.

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Gill, Richard J., and Robert L. Hammond. "Workers influence royal reproduction." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1711 (November 3, 2010): 1524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1774.

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Understanding which parties regulate reproduction is fundamental to understanding conflict resolution in animal societies. In social insects, workers can influence male production and sex ratio. Surprisingly, few studies have investigated worker influence over which queen(s) reproduce(s) in multiple queen (MQ) colonies (skew), despite skew determining worker-brood relatedness and so worker fitness. We provide evidence for worker influence over skew in a functionally monogynous population of the ant Leptothorax acervorum . Observations of MQ colonies leading up to egg laying showed worker aggressive and non-aggressive behaviour towards queens and predicted which queen monopolized reproduction. In contrast, among-queen interactions were rare and did not predict queen reproduction. Furthermore, parentage analysis showed workers favoured their mother when present, ensuring closely related fullsibs (average r = 0.5) were reared instead of less related offspring of other resident queens ( r ≤ 0.375). Discrimination among queens using relatedness-based cues, however, seems unlikely as workers also biased their behaviour in colonies without a mother queen. In other polygynous populations of this species, workers are not aggressive towards queens and MQs reproduce, showing the outcome of social conflicts varies within species. In conclusion, this study supports non-reproductive parties having the power and information to influence skew within cooperative breeding groups.

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Hashiguchi, Nobuki, Shintaro Sengoku, Yasushi Kubota, Shigeo Kitahara, Yeongjoo Lim, and Kota Kodama. "Age-Dependent Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations on Construction Worker Performance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010111.

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The increasing sophistication and complexity of construction technology have also increased workers’ physical risk and psychological stress. This study examined the relationships between health risks, work motivation, and productivity as perceived by construction workers. A hypothetical model of worker perceptions, and the psychological factors influencing these perceptions, was developed. A total of 324 construction workers at a Japanese construction company participated in the study and were divided into two groups: younger (45 years of age and below) and older adults (46 years of age and above). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The differences between the age groups were analyzed with regard to their perceptions of health risks, motivation, work skills, and productivity. Both younger and older workers were affected by intrinsic motivations and extrinsic motivations, but the effect of these motivations on work performance differed depending on age. Higher health risks are anticipated to affect the work motivation and productivity perceptions of older workers. The proposed model and findings of this study contribute to understanding worker motivations and have important implications for labor management of construction projects. By addressing construction workers’ intrinsic (e.g., interest) and extrinsic (e.g., reward) motivations, it is possible to sustainably improve project productivity.

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Gravish, Nick, Mateo Garcia, Nicole Mazouchova, Laura Levy, Paul B. Umbanhowar, Michael A. D. Goodisman, and Daniel I. Goldman. "Effects of worker size on the dynamics of fire ant tunnel construction." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 77 (August 22, 2012): 3312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0423.

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Social insects work together to complete tasks. However, different individuals within a colony may vary in task proficiency. We investigated if fire ant ( Solenopsis invicta ) worker body size influenced the ability to construct tunnels—a key component of subterranean nests. We monitored excavation by worker groups in a substrate of small wetted glass particles in quasi-two-dimensional arenas. Morphological and network features of the tunnel system were measured. Total tunnel area did not differ significantly between groups of large and small workers, although the tunnel area of control sized workers was significantly larger than that of large workers. Moreover, large workers created wider but shorter tunnels, with slower growth rate of tunnel number. However, edge–vertex scaling and degree distribution of the tunnel network were similar across all treatments. In all cases, the amount of excavated material was correlated with the number of active workers. Our study reveals that morphological features of excavated tunnels show modest variation when constructed by workers of varying sizes, but topological features associated with the tunnel network are conserved. These results suggest that important behavioural aspects of tunnel construction—and thus nest building—are similar among morphologically distinct members of fire ant societies.

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Sun, Fei, Wanlian Li, Lin Jiang, and Jaewon Lee. "Depressive symptoms in three Chinese older workforce groups: the interplay of work stress with family and community factors." International Psychogeriatrics 32, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610219000528.

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ABSTRACTBackground:More people remain in the workforce into their late life as people’s life expectancy increases. This study examined the relationship between work stress and depressive symptoms of older workers in mainland China, focusing on the interplay between work stress with family and community factors in three (i.e., urban, rural, and migrant) settings.Methods:National representative survey data on the Chinese labor force collected by the Social Science Research Center of Sun-Yetsen University in 2014 were used. The sample consisted of 5,751 workers aged 50 and above recruited from 29 out of 31 provinces in mainland China.Results:Work stress had a consistent and robust effect on depressive symptoms across older worker groups. Moreover, it interacted with family and community factors differentially in three settings. For migrant older workers, work stress was a dominant factor affecting their depressive symptoms. Among rural older workers, the influence of work stress on depressive symptoms depended on their family debt and neighborhood cohesion levels.Conclusion:Stressors from work, family, and community comprised a general model that explains depressive symptoms in Chinese older workers. Interventions or service programs aimed at reducing work stress and improving mental health among older adults should consider the complexity of intertwining family and community dynamics as well as respective strengths in urban, rural, and migrant communities.

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Swanberg, Jennifer E., Helen M. Nichols, and Maureen Perry-Jenkins. "Working on the frontlines in U. S. hospitals: Scheduling challenges and turnover intent among housekeepers and dietary service workers." Journal of Hospital Administration 5, no. 4 (May 10, 2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n4p76.

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The changing nature of U.S. health care has created challenges for hospitals, including managing high rates of turnover among frontline support workers. Few studies have examined the effect of work schedules on turnover among frontline hospital support workers. This cross-sectional study (N = 270) examined scheduling challenges prevalence among hospital housekeeping and dietary workers and their relationship to turnover intent. Both worker groups experienced schedule unpredictability but dietary workers reported greater schedule instability than housekeeping workers. Schedule rigidity was reported by all workers, although housekeepers had more difficulty in changing work schedules. All three scheduling challenges were significant predictors of intent to leave.

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Stieglitz, Stefan, Christoph Lattemann, and Tobias Brockmann. "Mobile Applications for Knowledge Workers and Field Workers." Mobile Information Systems 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/372315.

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In recent years, the diffusion of mobile applications (mobile apps) has risen significantly. Nowadays, mobile business apps are strongly emerging in business, enhancing productivity and employees’ satisfaction, whilst the usage of customized individual enterprise apps is still an exception. Standardized business apps enable basic functionalities, for example, mobile data storage and exchange (e.g., Dropbox), communication (e.g., Skype), and other routine processes, which support mobile workers. In addition, mobile apps can, for example, increase the flexibility of mobile workers by easing the access to firm’s information from outside the enterprise and by enabling ubiquitous collaboration. Hence, mobile apps can generate competitive advantages and can increase work efficiency on a broad scale. But mobile workers form no coherent group. Our research reveals, based on two case studies, that they can be clustered into two groups: knowledge workers and field workers. Knowledge workers and field workers fulfill different tasks and work in different environments. Hence, they have different requirements for mobile support. In this paper we conclude that standardized mobile business apps cannot meet the different requirements of various groups of mobile workers. Task- and firm-specific (individualized) requirements determine the specification, implementation, and application of mobile apps.

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Kowalczuk, Krystyna, and Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak. "Patient aggression towards different professional groups of healthcare workers." Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 24, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1228395.

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Bocharova, E. V. "Social Potential of Agricultural Workers of Older Age Groups." Sociology. Politology 16, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2016-16-2-148-153.

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Rappaport, S. M., H. Kromhouta, and E. Symanski. "VARIATION OF EXPOSURE BETWEEN WORKERS IN HOMOGENEOUS EXPOSURE GROUPS." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 54, no. 11 (November 1993): 654–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15298669391355198.

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Lyon, Eleanor, and Nancy Moore. "Social Workers and Self-Help Groups for Transitional Crises." Social Work With Groups 13, no. 3 (October 1990): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v13n03_10.

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Kendler, Helene. "“Truth and Reconciliation”: Workers' Fear of Conflict in Groups." Social Work With Groups 25, no. 3 (May 16, 2003): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v25n03_03.

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Wituk, Scott A., Shelly Tiemeyer, Amy Commer, Mary Warren, and Greg Meissen. "Starting Self-Help Groups: Empowering Roles for Social Workers." Social Work With Groups 26, no. 1 (December 8, 2003): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j009v26n01_06.

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Spice, W. "Management of sex workers and other high-risk groups." Occupational Medicine 57, no. 5 (July 26, 2007): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqm045.

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Cregeen, Simon. "Workers, groups and gangs: consultation to residential adolescent teams." Journal of Child Psychotherapy 34, no. 2 (August 2008): 172–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00754170802208016.

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Hilgert, Jeffrey. "Deeming Laws and Practices as Violations of the Rights of People With Work-Acquired Disabilities in Canada." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 29, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291119887197.

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The Ontario Network of Injured Workers’ Groups in Canada is leading a multiyear campaign called Workers’ Comp is a Right to reform the provincial workers’ injury compensation system and to fight back against regressive changes made to the system over several decades. At their Annual General Meeting in Toronto held in June 2019, delegates voted unanimously to make this submission to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as a part of the regular supervisory process under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The subject is income deeming “phantom jobs” to injured worker claimants with income replacement benefits. The document illustrates how Canadian injured worker groups have activated a human rights lens and references international labor and human rights standards concerning social insurance and income replacement benefits for work-related injury and illness.

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Aryal, Ashamsa, Megan Parish, and Diane Rohlman. "Generalizability of Total Worker Health® Online Training for Young Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040577.

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Young workers (under 25-years-old) are at risk of workplace injuries due to inexperience, high-risk health behaviors, and a lack of knowledge about workplace hazards. Training based on Total Worker Health® (TWH) principles can improve their knowledge of and ability to identify hazards associated with work organization and environment. In this study, we assessed changes to knowledge and behavior following an online safety and health training between two groups by collecting information on the demographic characteristics, knowledge, and self-reported behaviors of workplace health and safety at three different points in time. The participants’ age ranged from 15 to 24 years. Age adjusted results exhibited a significant increase in knowledge immediately after completing the training, although knowledge decreased in both groups in the follow-up. Amazon Marketplace Mechanical Turk (MTurk) participants demonstrated a greater increase in knowledge, with a significantly higher score compared to the baseline, indicating retention of knowledge three months after completing the training. The majority of participants in both groups reported that they liked the Promoting U through Safety and Health (PUSH) training for improving health and safety and that the training should be provided before starting a job. Participants also said that the training was interactive, informative and humorous. The participants reported that the PUSH training prepared them to identify and control hazards in their workplace and to communicate well with the supervisors and coworkers about their rights. Training programs based on TWH improves the safety, health and well-being of young workers.

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Asali, Muhammad. "The effects of (different types of) immigrants on labor market outcomes of (different groups of) natives." International Journal of Manpower 38, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2014-0229.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of different types of immigrants on the labor market outcomes of different native groups. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a quasi-experimental approach, utilizing the border closures policy as well as political instability and economic conditions in the major countries of origin as exogenous sources of variation in the number of immigrants, to measure the effect of an immigrant-induced labor supply shock of each immigrant type (Palestinians and foreign guest workers) on the wage and employment of native workers (Israeli Arabs and Israeli Jews). Findings The effects of immigrants on local labor market outcomes vary with their origin. The different native groups, moreover, are affected differently by each type of immigrants. Specifically, a foreign-worker-induced increase in the labor supply negatively affects only the least-skilled Jewish workers. In contrast, a 10 percent Palestinian-induced increase in the labor supply increases the wage of Israeli Arabs by 3.4 percent, suggesting a net complementarity effect. Short-term slight employment adjustments occur at the intensive rather than the extensive margin. Originality/value The paper studies heterogeneous effects of immigrants by their type; also it studies heterogeneous effects experienced by different native groups. This paper informs the policy discussion about immigration and its effects on native workers.

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Bernardes Santos, Kionna Oliveira, Fernando Martins Carvalho, and Tânia Maria de Araújo. "Common Mental Disorders among Occupational Groups: Contributions of the Latent Class Model." Psychiatry Journal 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3475801.

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Background. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) is widely used for evaluating common mental disorders. However, few studies have evaluated the SRQ-20 measurements performance in occupational groups. This study aimed to describe manifestation patterns of common mental disorders symptoms among workers populations, by using latent class analysis.Methods. Data derived from 9,959 Brazilian workers, obtained from four cross-sectional studies that used similar methodology, among groups of informal workers, teachers, healthcare workers, and urban workers. Common mental disorders were measured by using SRQ-20. Latent class analysis was performed on each database separately.Results. Three classes of symptoms were confirmed in the occupational categories investigated. In all studies, class I met better criteria for suspicion of common mental disorders. Class II discriminated workers with intermediate probability of answers to the items belonging to anxiety, sadness, and energy decrease that configure common mental disorders. Class III was composed of subgroups of workers with low probability to respond positively to questions for screening common mental disorders.Conclusions. Three patterns of symptoms of common mental disorders were identified in the occupational groups investigated, ranging from distinctive features to low probabilities of occurrence. The SRQ-20 measurements showed stability in capturing nonpsychotic symptoms.

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Calderone, Nicholas W. "Temporal division of labor in the honey bee, Apis mellifera A developmental process or the result of environmental influences?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-166.

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The association between the age of a worker honey bee (Apis melliferd) and her behavior is generally believed to be the result of an innate developmental process. An alternative model, called foraging for work, explains this association as being due to old and young workers being in functionally different parts of the nest as a result of their having been in the nest for different lengths of time. Previous studies also raise questions about the developmental-process model because they relied on sequential observations of workers from one age group, thereby confounding age and environmental effects, which also affect behavior. Environmental effects were controlled by making concurrent observations of workers from four age groups introduced to a colony at 6-day intervals. These groups behaved differently from one another, even though they were present in the same environment, thereby demonstrating age effects independent of environmental effects. The foraging-for-work model was evaluated by comparing workers from three age groups introduced to the colony on the same day. These groups also behaved differently, showing that the association between age and behavior is not simply an epiphenomenon resulting from old and young workers having been in the nest for different lengths of time.

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Khodadi, Abolghasem. "Strategies to Support Groups at Risk of Victimization." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i2.2431.

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At-risk groups are the elderly, the disabled, and women. Some of the reasons for the victimization of at-risk groups are due to their own characteristics. These include financial and emotional dependence, physical, mental and psychological weakness, inability to control and manage property and assets. Other causes of vulnerability and harassment are related to their relatives, social workers and nurses, such as costly care for the elderly and disabled, the inability of their relatives and social worker to care them. This article seeks to provide support for groups at risk of victimization. This article tries to provide health, financial and insurance services to improve the unfavorable situation of these people. With these strategies, the risk of victimization of vulnerable people is reduced.

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Langford, Tom. "Effects of Strike Participation on the Political Consciousness of Canadian Postal Workers." Articles 51, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/051117ar.

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Marxists have long argued that major strikes produce an explosion of workers' class consciousness. This article discusses some weaknesses of the explosion-of-consciousness thesis, and tests research hypotheses using data from a case study of the 1987 strike by the Hamilton local of the Canadian Union of Postal Workers. A major finding is that an increase in a postal worker's negative attitudes toward out-groups did not necessarily go hand in hand with an increase in that striker's positive identifications with in-groups such as fellow workers, the local union and the labour movement. This supports treating the in-group and out-group dimensions of class consciousness as distinct. A second finding supports the hypothesis that an explosion of in-group consciousness due to inter-group conflict is more likely to occur among workers who are already identified with the in-group.

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McEachern, Patrick. "Interest Groups in North Korean Politics." Journal of East Asian Studies 8, no. 2 (August 2008): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800005312.

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North Korea is often characterized as some form of highly centralized rule: totalitarian, posttotalitarian, corporatist, or personalistic. This article argues that much of the confusion around understanding North Korea's actions stems from misplaced models. Much of the current thinking on North Korea's politics does not account for the limited institutional plurality in the system. The article documents how the state's political institutions have changed since the country's founding and highlights the formal and informal roles of each major bureaucracy today. The Korean Workers Party and the role of Juche have declined, but the National Defense Commission and “military-first politics” have not taken their place as reigning supreme. Rather the interaction between the Korean Workers Party, military, and cabinet helps explain and moderate policy outcomes.

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Liu, Xin-hao, Li-min Han, and Bin Yuan. "Does the Conversion of Household Registration Actually Improve the Happiness of Migrant Workers in China?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082661.

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Migrant workers are an important human resource for economic and social development. Considering the government’s goal of serving and improving people’s livelihoods, improving the happiness of migrant workers is necessary. This study investigates in-depth the impact of the conversion of household registration on migrant workers’ happiness, which is represented by a multi-dimensional comprehensive index based on the propensity matching score model and data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) in 2017. Moreover, this study explores the different effects of conversion among the groups divided by the characteristics of migrant workers. The results show that from an overall perspective, although the conversion of household registration could improve the happiness of migrant workers, the degree of this improvement is minor. Further, the characteristics of the different groups, including age, educational background, contracted land, collective dividends, and income significantly affect the improvement of happiness. The conversion of household registration has obviously improved the happiness of migrant workers with low educational backgrounds, low income, and contracted land. Based on these findings, the government should take more targeted actions to improve the positive effects of household registration among different migrant worker groups due to the different characteristics in the process of household registration system reform.

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Lee, Jin, Stacy A. Stoffregen, and Frank B. Giordano. "Risks that are “Worthy” to take: Temporary Workers’ Risk-Benefit Perceptions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601816.

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In order to deepen and broaden understanding on the occupational safety and health disparities between temporary and non-temporary workers, psychological and perceptual gaps between the two groups need to be carefully investigated, particularly in relation to risk taking behaviors. To this end, the present study showed the precarious nature of temporary employment in terms of perceived job security and perceived job control. Although the present study showed that risk perception is not significantly different across the temporary and non-temporary worker groups, temporary workers tended to perceive higher monetary benefits from potentially hazardous working opportunities and reported greater willingness to undertake the working opportunities than non-temporary workers. Temporary workers may be more likely to view the working opportunities in hazardous occupational settings as risks that are worthy to take. These findings need to be incorporated in the safety management of temporary workers to promote self-regulatory engagement in safer and healthier behaviors.

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Simpson, Hailey M., Catie Cramer, Lily Edwards-Callaway, Lorann Stallones, Sofia Thompson, Sari Ennis, Elizabeth Kim, and I. Noa Roman-Muniz. "PSV-5 Dairy worker perspectives on performing euthanasia as an essential component of their job." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.398.

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Abstract Euthanasia is a critical component of dairy management as it provides a way to alleviate animal suffering. Limited research explores dairy worker perspectives regarding their role in performing euthanasia or the impact of this practice on worker wellbeing. Additionally, training offered to caretakers is inconsistent in content and frequency and lacks cultural congruence. This project aimed to identify how euthanasia methods, procedures, and training affect caretaker attitudes towards performing on-farm euthanasia, job satisfaction and sense of well-being of dairy workers and managers. Focus groups, facilitated by Colorado State University researchers, were conducted at five large Colorado dairies. Thirty-eight animal caretakers (workers, n = 29; managers, n = 8; and veterinarians, n = 1) participated in focus groups according to their job description and language of choice (English or Spanish). Focus groups were recorded for subsequent transcription and translation. Thematic analysis was performed to identify recurring themes in the transcripts. Themes that emerged from the focus groups included: stressors related to physical, work, and social environments; euthanasia techniques, frequency, process, decision making, and who performs this task; the language used when referring to euthanasia; animal welfare; and the effect of the human-animal bond on euthanasia decision-making and performing euthanasia. Preliminary analysis of themes indicated that multiple factors influence how euthanasia is performed and the euthanasia decision-making process. Additionally, euthanasia and job-related tasks were identified as sources of stress for dairy workers. Strength of the human-animal bond and worker compassion towards the animals they care for were evident for all participants. Initial analysis showed a lack of caretaker awareness regarding mental health services available in their community. Training programs on dairy farms should incorporate worker health and safety, particularly as it pertains to performing euthanasia, and address the mental wellbeing of dairy workers. Information regarding mental health services in the community should also be accessible to caretakers.

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Kuszewska, Karolina, and Wiktoria Rojek. "Honeybee workers with higher reproductive potential have a greater learning ability." Apidologie 52, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 608–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-021-00847-9.

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AbstractLearning ability, which allows individuals to adjust their behaviour to changing environmental conditions, has a considerable positive impact on individual fitness. However, in addition to benefits, learning also incurs a cost, which means that investment in learning and maintaining learned skills can lead to trade-offs impacting other biological functions. Here, we tested whether a trade-off exists between learning skills and reproductive potential in honeybee workers. For this purpose, we compared learning ability between two groups of workers that differed in reproductive potential—normal and rebel workers. The results showed that workers with high reproductive potential (rebels), measured according to the number of ovarioles in the ovary, learned faster than normal workers with low reproductive potential. Moreover, by performing separate regression analyses within the rebel and non-rebel worker groups, we found that the reproductive potential of workers was positively correlated with their learning ability. The results show that in honeybees, there is no trade-off in resource allocation between two costly biological functions, learning and reproduction.

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Chiu, Ming-Chung, Wen-Jer Wu, and Li-Chuan Lai. "Carriers and cutters: size-dependent caste polyethism in the tropical fire ant (Solenopsis geminata)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 110, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485319000750.

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AbstractBody size is an important life-history trait in eusocial insects which plays a key role in colony fitness. The division of labour, represented by caste polyethism, correlates with divergent morphological traits. Size polymorphism has been noted in the tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata; however, little is known regarding the differences in the size distributions of workers performing foraging tasks. In the present study, task partitioning was observed in the foraging activities of S. geminata. Two subgroups among foraging workers of S. geminata were discovered using the Gaussian mixture model: a large worker group (head width ≥ 0.924 mm) and a small worker group (head width < 0.924 mm). The foraging worker population comprised two distinct groups – 25.64% were large workers and 74.36% were small workers. Larger workers delivered heavier seeds faster than smaller workers, but this difference became less apparent when lighter seeds were being carried. When large prey such as crickets was encountered during foraging, S. geminata partitioned their tasks into cutting and transportation. The large workers were observed to cut cricket prey into fragments with their longer mandibles, and the small workers then transported these fragments back to the nest. These results present evidence of task partitioning among tropical fire ants, with different tasks being performed by ants of different castes.

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Tirloni, Adriana, Diogo dos Reis, Natália Dias, and Antônio Moro. "The Use of Personal Protective Equipment: Finger Temperatures and Thermal Sensation of Workers’ Exposure to Cold Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112583.

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This study analyzed the finger temperatures of poultry slaughterhouse workers and its association with personal and organizational variables, bodily discomfort perception, and cold thermal sensation. The study included 143 poultry slaughterhouse workers. A thermograph was used to measure finger temperature and an interview to collect worker data. There were two groups: workers who used a tool and those without. The binary logistic regression, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used (p ≤ 0.05). Most workers presented at least one finger with an average temperature ≤15 °C (66.4%) and ≤24 °C (99.3%), perceived their cold hands, and wore three overlapping gloves (57.3%). There were no associations between finger temperatures (≤15 °C) and the analyzed variables. The chance of feeling cold for a worker who used a tool was greater than for a worker who did not (OR = 3.19, 95% CI 1.46; 6.94). There was a difference between the finger temperatures of each hand on both surfaces and the analyzed groups (p < 0.01). The temperature of each finger with its respective contralateral was different in the little fingers (no tool), index, middle, ring, and little fingers (using a tool) (p < 0.05). The use of several overlapping gloves was not sufficient to promote thermal insulation of the hands.

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Dėdelė, Miškinytė, Andrušaitytė, and Bartkutė. "Perceived Stress among Different Occupational Groups and the Interaction with Sedentary Behaviour." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (November 20, 2019): 4595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234595.

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Sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity are associated with health issues, including both physical and mental health, non-communicable diseases, overweight, obesity and reduced quality of life. This study investigated differences in physical activity and other individual factors among different occupational groups, highlighting the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress by occupation. Cross-sectional study included 571 full-time workers of Kaunas city, Lithuania. The outcome of this study was assessment of perceived stress. Time spent sedentary per day, occupation and other individual characteristics were self-reported using questionnaires. Two main occupational groups were analysed: white-collar and blue-collar workers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the impact of sedentary behaviour on perceived stress among different occupational groups. The prevalence of high sedentary behaviour was 21.7 and 16.8 % among white-collar and blue-collar workers, respectively. Blue-collar workers had a higher risk of high perceived stress (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05–2.29) compared to white-collar workers; however, sedentary time did not have any impact on high perceived stress level. Meanwhile, white-collar male (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.46–12.95) and white-collar female (OR 3.26, 95% CI 1.23–8.65) workers who spend more than three hours per day sedentary had a greater risk of high levels of perceived stress. These findings indicate sedentary behaviour effect on perceived stress among two occupational groups—white-collar and blue-collar workers—and other important factors associated with perceived stress.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Groups of workers'

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