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1
Liu, Jun, Qingsong Zhang, Lianzhen Zhang, Fang Peng, Zhipeng Li, and Xianjie Weng. "Model Test on Segmental Grouting Diffusion Process in Muddy Fault of Tunnel Engineering." Geofluids 2020 (December 19, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6698011.
Full textAbstract:
In order to realize the diffusion law of segmental grouting in muddy fault of tunnel engineering, a three-dimensional grouting diffusion simulation test has been done. Three times of grouting operation have been done for three adjacent sections in grouting pipe. Grouting pressure, injection rate, soil pressure field, and seepage pressure field have been real-time monitored in three grouting stages. The effect of segmental grouting operation on soil pressure field and effective stress field has been analyzed. Results show that previous grouting operation can affect later grouting operation. Due to previous grouting operation, the grouted stratum can be compacted and grouting diffusion will conquer greater resistance in later grouting stages. Correspondingly, grouting pressure increases and injection rate decreases in the later grouting stage. There exists a limited influence range for a single grouting operation. For every grouting stage, soil pressure and effective stress in the section which the injection hole locates in are affected effectively by grouting operation. By contrast, soil pressure and effective stress in section away from injection hole are affected relatively weakly by grouting operation. With distance to injection hole increasing, compaction degree and reinforcement effect of grouted muddy fault decay in space. Multisegmental grouting method has significant advantages over single grouting method. Ineffectively compacted area by previous grouting operation can be effectively compacted by later grouting operation from adjacent injection hole. As a result, uniformity of grouting reinforcement effect can be improved, and weakly reinforcement area can be reduced.
2
Li, Zhipeng, Shucai Li, Haojie Liu, Qingsong Zhang, and Yanan Liu. "Experimental Study on the Reinforcement Mechanism of Segmented Split Grouting in a Soft Filling Medium." Processes 6, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6080131.
Full textAbstract:
Subsection split grouting technology can effectively improve the grouting efficiency and homogeneity of grouting in a target reinforcement area. It is therefore necessary to clarify the reinforcement mechanism and characteristics of the soft filling medium under the condition of split grouting. A three-dimensional grouting simulation test of segmented split grouting in a soft filling medium was conducted. The distribution characteristics and thicknesses of the grouting veins were obtained under the condition of segmented grouting. The mechanical mechanism of segmented split grouting reinforcement, based on the distribution characteristics of different grouting veins, was revealed. After grouting, a uniaxial compression test and an indoor permeation test were conducted. Based on the method of the region-weighted average, the corresponding permeability coefficient and the elastic modulus of each splitting-compaction region were obtained. The quantitative relationship between the mechanical properties and the impermeability of the soft filling medium before and after grouting was established. The results revealed that three different types of veins were formed as the distance from the grouting holes increased; namely, skeleton veins, cross-grid grouting veins, and parallel dispersed grouting veins. The thicknesses of the grouting veins decreased gradually, whereas the number of grouting veins increased. Moreover, the strikes of the grouting vein exhibited increased randomness. The reinforcement effect of segmental split grouting on soft filling media was mainly confirmed by the skeleton support and compaction. The elastic modulus of the grouting reinforcement solid increased on average by a factor that was greater than 100, and the permeability coefficient decreased on average by a factor that was greater than 40 in the direction of the parallel grouting vein with the most impermeable solid. The research results may be helpful in the investigation of the split grouting reinforcement mechanism under the condition of segmented grouting.
3
Li, Zhipeng, Lianzhen Zhang, Dayong Sun, Qingsong Zhang, Deming Wang, and Lige Wang. "Quantitative Design Method for Grouting in Sand Layers: Practice in Qingdao Metro Line 2." Processes 10, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050840.
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Grouting is an effective method to reduce permeability and improve the mechanical performance of sand layers, preventing a disastrous inrush of sand and water. A scientific grouting design scheme is the premise for satisfying grouting reinforcement requirements. Due to a lack of theoretical basis for current grouting designs, grouting projects are conducted empirically and blindly. This paper presents a quantitative design method for grouting in sand layers. Based on this method, a quantitative design is realized for judgment of the grouting mode, determination of grouting range and calculation of grouting reinforcement effect. Moreover, for the fracture–compaction grouting mode, a theoretical model is proposed to calculate the grouting process, considering the coupling effect of grout flow and sand layer deformation. Meanwhile, a calculation method for reinforcement is put forward, which can connect macroscopic performance of the grouted body and individual performance of grout veins, compacted sand and undisturbed sand. In order to verify the efficiency of the grouting design method, it has been used in a sand grouting project in Qingdao Metro Line 2. In this project, judgment of the grouting mode, selection of grouting type and determination of grouting parameters have been completed based on the design method. Several inspection approaches have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the grouting design, showing that engineering stability was guaranteed after the grouting operation.
4
Li, Zhipeng, Lianzhen Zhang, Dayong Sun, Qingsong Zhang, Deming Wang, and Lige Wang. "Quantitative Design Method for Grouting in Sand Layers: Practice in Qingdao Metro Line 2." Processes 10, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050840.
Full textAbstract:
Grouting is an effective method to reduce permeability and improve the mechanical performance of sand layers, preventing a disastrous inrush of sand and water. A scientific grouting design scheme is the premise for satisfying grouting reinforcement requirements. Due to a lack of theoretical basis for current grouting designs, grouting projects are conducted empirically and blindly. This paper presents a quantitative design method for grouting in sand layers. Based on this method, a quantitative design is realized for judgment of the grouting mode, determination of grouting range and calculation of grouting reinforcement effect. Moreover, for the fracture–compaction grouting mode, a theoretical model is proposed to calculate the grouting process, considering the coupling effect of grout flow and sand layer deformation. Meanwhile, a calculation method for reinforcement is put forward, which can connect macroscopic performance of the grouted body and individual performance of grout veins, compacted sand and undisturbed sand. In order to verify the efficiency of the grouting design method, it has been used in a sand grouting project in Qingdao Metro Line 2. In this project, judgment of the grouting mode, selection of grouting type and determination of grouting parameters have been completed based on the design method. Several inspection approaches have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the grouting design, showing that engineering stability was guaranteed after the grouting operation.
5
Wang, Kai, Lianguo Wang, Bo Ren, and Hao Fan. "Understanding the Effect of Cementitious Grouting Pressure on Micro-Fracture Permeability for Rock Reinforcement Underground: A Lab Study." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2020): 4225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164225.
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In grouting support projects, due to the small concealment of micro-fractures, the support effect often fails to meet design requirements. The percolation effect is a common factor that causes grouting failure, and the influence of grouting pressure on the percolation effect is very obvious. In this article, a design of a micro-fracture grouting experimental system is presented that can realize high-pressure grouting and then uses a variety of ultrafine cements to carry out high- and low-pressure grouting tests under different fracture opening conditions, thereby obtaining the grouting pressure and accumulated grouting weight during the grouting process. The results show that a combination of the grouting pressure curve and the cumulative grouting weight curve can determine whether the ultrafine cement will have a percolation effect. Increasing the grouting pressure can reduce the critical fracture opening value and also reduce the occurrence of the percolation effect. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the high-pressure grouting of micro-fracture rock masses and offer certain guiding significance for the design of high-pressure grouting support schemes.
6
Yang, Jianyu, Yanhui Cheng, and Weichao Chen. "Experimental Study on Diffusion Law of Post-Grouting Slurry in Sandy Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3493942.
Full textAbstract:
In order to study the diffusion law of grouting slurry in sand areas, the grouting of cement slurry in sand was analyzed by the indoor grouting test under different water-cement ratios, grouting pressures, grouting amounts, and soil qualities, and the law of the post-grouting slurry is obtained. The results show that the grouting method is affected by the grouting pressure, water-cement ratio, grouting amount, and soil quality. Under the same grouting pressure, the diffusion modes of different water-cement ratio grouts in sands with different permeability coefficients, which are mainly manifested as osmotic diffusion, are basically the same; under the same water-cement ratio, when the grouting pressure is relatively small, the diffusion of modes of slurry is mainly osmotic in sand. The diffusion radius of cement slurry in sand has a good power function relationship with grouting pressure, water-cement ratio, permeability coefficient, and grouting amount. And, the empirical function model of slurry diffusion radius is proposed by regression analysis. The research results provide a certain theoretical and experimental reference for post-grouting in sandy areas.
7
Miao, Qiang Qiang, Qing Qing Zhu, and Shu Ping Jiang. "Application of Grouting Technology in the Geotechnical Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.442.
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Through detailed investigation to development status of grouting technique, summarizes the classification of geotechnical grouting technology, selection of materials grouting, Finally, by anchoring engineering and tunneling engineering described in detail grouting process，grouting order, grouting parameters and grouting end standard in the geotechnical engineering application，This research has practical guidance and theoretical reference value for similar projects.
8
Niu, Jiandong, Zewei Li, Weiheng Gu, and Kang Chen. "Experimental Study of Split Grouting Reinforcement Mechanism in Filling Medium and Effect Evaluation." Sensors 20, no. 11 (May 29, 2020): 3088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113088.
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In view of the deficiency of the split grouting theory for the filling area, a 3D simulated grouting test system was designed to explore the slurry diffusion law, reinforcement mechanism of split grouting in a filling soil, and effect of grouting reinforcement. The test system included an experiment bench system, grouting system, and information monitoring system, using which experimental research on split grouting in a filling soil was conducted. The grouting model experiment procedure was introduced first, following which the diffusion rule of slurry in the filling medium and the reinforcement mechanism of split grouting were analyzed according to the properties and distribution characteristics of grouting veins after grouting reinforcement. Finally, a uniaxial compression test, light dynamic contact test, permeability test, and laboratory geotechnical test were conducted on the soil before and after grouting. The relationship between the zoning characteristics of different properties of veins and the mechanical properties of filling soil were discussed. The results showed that there were three types of grouting veins: trunk grouting, branch grouting, and permeable grouting. The injected soil body was strengthened by the three-stage grouting vein network of the mentioned vein types and the compaction between soils. After the grouting, the uniaxial compressive strength of the filling soil increased by an average of 186%, and the permeability coefficient decreased by an average of 47 times. The cohesion and internal friction angle increased by 45.3% and 44.9%, respectively. Additionally, density, water content, and other indicators of filling were improved. The bearing characteristics reflected by a dynamic contact test were consistent with the distribution of grouting veins. The research results offer significant guidance for the reinforcement mechanism of split grouting and the evaluation of the grouting effect.
9
Yang, Changwei, Jinhao Guo, Jing Lian, and Zhimeng Wang. "Study on Microscopic Roadbed Grouting Mechanism Based on CFD-DEM Coupling Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (March 20, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4948738.
Full textAbstract:
Grouting reinforcement technology gradually has been widely used to repair the subgrade settlement diseases, but the current single application of discrete element software or finite element software cannot effectively simulate the grouting process. Therefore, one new method is put forward in the research of grouting based on the CFD-DEM coupling principle. And then, one typical subgrade section in the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway is used to simulate the grouting process and diffusion mechanism of slurry from microlevel. Based on the results of site survey, some findings are shown as follows: First, the new method is feasible which integrates the favorable aspects of discrete elements, finite elements, and boundary elements. Second, the greater the grouting pressure, the greater the influence range of grouting, and it shows six petals shape. When the grouting pressure is small, the grouting generally shows penetration or extrusion grouting, and its influence range is small. When the grouting pressure is large enough, it is characterized by splitting grouting, and the influence range of grouting is getting larger and larger. Third, the growth rates of influence range gradually increase with the increasement of grouting pressures, and the reasonable selection of grouting pressures is very important.
10
Jiang, Donghai, Xianzhen Cheng, Hengjie Luan, Tongxu Wang, Mingguang Zhang, and Ruiyun Hao. "Experimental Investigation on the Law of Grout Diffusion in Fractured Porous Rock Mass and Its Application." Processes 6, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6100191.
Full textAbstract:
Because of the limitation of mining techniques and economic conditions, large amounts of residual coal resources have been left in underground coal mines around the world. Currently, with mining technology gradually developing, residual coal can possibly be remined. However, when residual coal is remined, caving areas might form, which can seriously affect the safety of coal mining. Hence, grouting technology is put forward as one of the most effective technologies to solve this problem. To study the grouting diffusion in fractured rock mass, this paper developed a visualization platform of grouting diffusion and a three-dimensional grouting experimental system that can monitor the grout diffusion range, diffusion time and grout pressure; then, a grouting experiment is conducted based on this system. After that, the pattern of the grouting pressure variation, grout flow and grout diffusion surface are analyzed. The relationship among some factors, such as the grouting diffusion radius, compressive strength of the grouted gravel, porosity, water-cement ratio, grouting pressure, grouting time, permeability coefficient and level of grout, is quantitatively analyzed by using MATLAB. The study results show that the flow pattern of the grout in fractured porous rock mass has a parabolic shape from the grouting hole to the bottom. The lower the level is, the larger the diffusion range of the grout is. The grouting pressure has the greatest influence on the grouting diffusion radius, followed by the grouting horizon and water-cement ratio. The grouting permeability coefficient has the least influence on the grouting diffusion radius. The grout water-cement ratio has the greatest influence on the strength of the grouted gravel, followed by the grouting permeability. The grouting pressure coefficient has the least amount of influence on the grouting diffusion radius. According to the results, the grouting parameters are designed, and a layered progressive grouting method is proposed. Finally, borehole observation and a core mechanical property test are conducted to verify the application effect. This grouting technology can contribute to the redevelopment and efficient utilization of wasted underground coal resources.
11
Guo, Li, Bing Xie, and Hong Fang Li. "Preliminary Study on Nanometer Grouting Materials." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.139.
Full textAbstract:
The application of grouting technology in the reinforcement and water shutoff of underground engineering is very extensive. The grouting technology mainly includes two aspects: grouting process and grouting material. The grouting material is a vital link in grouting. It affects the cost of construction directly, and determines the success or failure of the engineering. The smaller the molecular dimension of solution or solid particle dimension, the greater the scope that the grout can be injected into. And it is beneficial to the grouting effect. With the development of nanotechnology, the development of nanometer grouting materials is feasible, and is also a great breakthrough for the grouting technique.
12
Niu, Jian-Dong, Bin Wang, Guan-Jun Chen, and Kang Chen. "Predicting of the Unit Grouting Quantity in Karst Curtain Grouting by the Water Permeability of Rock Strata." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 4814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224814.
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The prediction of the unit grouting quantity is one of the key points in the design and construction of karst curtain grouting. Because of the concealment and complexity of the karst curtain grouting project, there is no reliable solution to this problem. In this paper, based on the calculation method of water permeability in water-pressure test in grouting engineering, Poiseuille flow equation in fluid mechanics, and cubic law, the relationship between the unit grouting quantity and the water permeability of rock strata in karst curtain grouting is studied. It is found that there is a nonlinear positive correlation between the unit grouting quantity and the water permeability of rock strata in karst curtain grouting, which is in the form of power function. At the same time, the comprehensive coefficient of karst curtain grouting ( K ) is introduced to describe the quantitative relationship between the unit grouting quantity and the water permeability of rock strata. K is comprehensively characterized by three controlling factors, namely, the characteristics of slurry fluid, the characteristics of grouted rock strata, and the technical factors of grouting in karst curtain grouting. Based on this theoretical relationship, a method for predicting the unit grouting quantity in karst curtain grouting by the water permeability of rock strata is proposed in this paper. Finally, based on the typical example of karst curtain grouting project, through the field grouting test and nonlinear function fitting, the comprehensive coefficient of karst curtain grouting ( K ) is 24.37 in the area of strong karst development, and it is 16.51 in the area of weak karst development. The proposed method is applied to the prediction of the unit grouting quantity in the main project of karst curtain grouting, and the results verify the rationality and applicability of the method. This study has a certain reference value and guiding role in the design, construction, and theoretical research of karst curtain grouting.
13
Zhu, Mingting, Qingsong Zhang, Xiao Zhang, and Bing Hui. "Comparative Study of Soil Grouting with Cement Slurry and Cement-Sodium Silicate Slurry." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1893195.
Full textAbstract:
Cement slurry and cement-sodium silicate slurry are most widely applied for soil grouting reinforcement project. The viscosity change of cement slurry is negligible during grouting period and presumed to be time independent, while the viscosity of cement-sodium silicate slurry increases with time quickly and is presumed to be time dependent. Due to the significant rheological differences between them, the grouting quality and the increasing characteristics of grouting parameters may be different. Those are main factors for grouting design. In this paper, a large-scale 3D grouting simulation device was developed to simulate the surrounding curtain grouting for a tunnel. Two series of surrounding curtain grouting experiments under different initial pressures of 100 kPa, 150 kPa, and 200 kPa were performed. The overload test on the tunnel was performed to evaluate the grouting quality of all surrounding curtain grouting experiments. The results show that the increasing trend of grouting pressure for cement-sodium silicate is similar to its viscosity; the setting time of cement-sodium silicate slurry obtained from the laboratory test is less than that in the practical grouting environment where grout slurry solidifies in soil; the grouting quality of cement-sodium silicate slurry is better than cement slurry, and the grouting quality decreases with initial pressure.
14
Liu, Bian. "Current Research Status of Split Grouting Theory." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/te86fv75.
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Splitting grouting is currently the most widely used grouting method. Based on a comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign literature, this paper introduces the theory of split grouting in response to the current research status of grouting theory. Study the theory of split grouting from the aspects of hole expansion theory, splitting pressure, diffusion law, propagation process, and grouting pressure; And suggestions were put forward for the current problems and future research directions of grouting theory.
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Tao, Liu, Zheng Zhigang, Hong Shaoyou, Huang Zhi, Wu Yintan, and Huang Hong. "Design and Engineering Application of Polymer Grouting Pore Layout Scheme for Expressway Pavement Diseases." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 05020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016505020.
Full textAbstract:
In grouting technology, after choosing the type of grouting fluid needed for grouting, the next most important step is the layout of grouting holes, that is, grouting hole type and hole spacing. Reasonable arrangement of grouting holes and hole spacing can not only achieve the desired reinforcement effect, but also save unnecessary economic expenses. For this reason, the effective diffusion radius of slurry is firstly determined considering both the characteristics of polymer slurry and the pore structure of injected medium. Based on this, the distance between holes (triangular and rectangular) is determined. Finally, the grouting design parameters of this design scheme are applied to the disease area of Nanping Expressway in Shenzhen. The deflection value before and after grouting is detected by falling weight deflectometer (FWD). The results show that the grouting design parameters can achieve better grouting effect.
16
Qi, Yongjie, Gang Wei, Feifan Feng, and Jiaxuan Zhu. "Method of Calculating the Compensation for Rectifying the Horizontal Displacement of Existing Tunnels by Grouting." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010040.
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Sleeve valve pipe grouting, an effective method for reinforcing soil layers, is often employed to correct the deformation of subway tunnels. In order to study the effect of grouting on rectifying the displacement of existing tunnels, this paper proposes a mechanical model of the volume expansion of sleeve valve pipe grouting taking into consideration the volume expansion of the grouted soil mass. A formula for the additional stress on the soil layer caused by grouting was derived based on the principle of the mirror method. In addition, a formula for the horizontal displacement of a tunnel caused by grouting was developed through a calculation model of shearing dislocation and rigid body rotation. The results of the calculation method proposed herein were in good agreement with actual engineering data. In summary, enlarging the grouting volume within a reasonable range can effectively enhance the grouting corrective effect. Further, with an increase in the grouting distance, the influence of grouting gradually lessens. At a constant grouting length, setting the bottom of the grouting section at the same depth as the lower end of the tunnel can maximize the grouting corrective effect.
17
Ren, Sheng, Yanlin Zhao, Jian Liao, Qiang Liu, and Yang Li. "Lugeon Test and Grouting Application Research Based on RQD of Grouting Sections." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 12748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912748.
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Rock quality designation (RQD) and permeability coefficient are important reference indexes for grouting application. Based on the readily available RQD, RQD is found to have no relationship with the depth of rock stratum, and a method for calculating the mean RQD (RQDm) of long stratum is proposed, which is applied to the calculation of RQD of grouting sections. Through Lugeon and grouting tests on the grouting sections, RQDm of the grouting sections is found to be directly related to the average permeability coefficient, permeability, and units of grouting per amount of rock mass. It is found that RQDm has a symmetrical relationship with permeability and grouting volume as well as a negative exponential correlation with unit grouting volume and average permeability coefficient. According to the curve of RQD varying with depth, the grouting amount at different depths can be obtained by using the fitting formula of unit grouting amount and RQDm.
18
Wu, Shan, Weichao Qiu, Dunwen Liu, and Yu Tang. "Grouting Treatment and Parameters Optimization in Watery Karst Areas of High Speed Railway Tunnel Based on Comprehensive Geological Forecast: A Case Study." Geofluids 2022 (November 16, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7582916.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the failure of the initial grouting scheme in tunnel engineering, an integrated geological forecasting system incorporating an industrial endoscope was used to detect watery karst areas in this tunnel. Numerical simulations were used to analyze the change patterns of arch top settlement, arch bottom bulge, and water surge in the tunnel under different grouting thicknesses. Compared to the displacement of the support structure, curtain grouting thickness is mainly reflected in reducing the amount of water surge. When the grouting thickness exceeds 5 m, the water-stopping effect of the tunnel is almost unchanged. Finally, a grout thickness of 5 m and a grout length of 25 m were selected as the grouting range for this project. During grouting, the combination of the three grouting techniques can effectively solve the problems of high water surges and difficult hole formation. The principle of “combination of exploration and injection” was followed to obtain real-time geological information and optimize the subsequent grouting plan. After the grouting, the grouting evaluation results and the field construction conditions showed that the grouting effect was good.
19
Zhai, Minglei, Dan Ma, and Haibo Bai. "Diffusion Mechanism of Slurry during Grouting in a Fractured Aquifer: A Case Study in Chensilou Coal Mine, China." Mathematics 10, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10081345.
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Grouting is one of the main technical means to prevent water inrush hazards in coal seam floor aquifers. It is of great significance to elucidate the diffusion law of slurry in the process of grouting in fractured aquifers for safe mining in coal mines. In this paper, the mechanism of slurry diffusion in horizontal fractures of fractured aquifers was studied based on the Bingham slurry with time-varying characteristics; additionally, a one-dimensional seepage grouting theoretical model considering the temporal and spatial variation of slurry viscosity under constant grouting rate was established. In this model, the grouting pressure required by the predetermined slurry diffusion radius can be obtained by knowing the grouting hole pressure and injection flow. Slurry properties, fracture parameters, grouting parameters, and water pressure were the parameters affecting the slurry diffusion process. Looking at the problem of water disaster prevention of coal seam floor in the Working Face 2509 of the Chensilou Coal Mine, according to the aquifer parameters and model calculation results, a grouting scheme with a slurry diffusion radius of 20 m and grouting pressure of 12 MPa was proposed. Finally, with the comparative analysis of the transient electromagnetic method (TEM) and water inflow before and after grouting, it was verified that the design grouting pressure and the spacing of grouting holes were reasonable and the grouting effect was good.
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Liu, Xiangyang, Hua Cheng, Jian Lin, Chuanxin Rong, Mingjing Li, and Huidong Xu. "Study of the Mechanism of Fracture Grouting in Deeply Buried Rock Strata Based on Bingham Fluid Slurry." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (December 7, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6943239.
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In view of the fact that the theory of fracture grouting in deeply buried rock strata seriously lags behind engineering practices, a circular fracturing diffusion model of a single fracture was established by considering numerous influencing factors of deeply buried rock strata, such as the crustal stress characteristics, rock mechanical properties, and time-varying characteristics of the serous viscosity. By setting the stress intensity factor KI equal to the material fracture toughness KIC at the fracture tip as the criterion for fracturing, the diffusion equation for the fracture grouting was derived and verified experimentally. Theoretical analysis shows that the fracture grouting pressure P0 is linearly proportional to the depth of the strata H and the lateral pressure coefficient k. The time-varying characteristics of the serous viscosity have an important influence on the grouting pressure and the diffusion radius. Its early impact is small, while its later impact is large. The diffusion radius of the grouting is indirectly proportional to the grouting pressure and the grouting flow rate. In order to increase the diffusion radius of the grouting, the grouting pressure and the grouting flow rate should be increased simultaneously. In order, the main factors influencing the diffusion radius of the fracture grouting are the time-varying characteristics of the serous viscosity, the grouting pressure, the grouting flow rate, and the depth of the strata.
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Lei, Jin Sheng, Jian Fei Chen, Xue Ting Cao, and Qian Feng Wang. "The Regression Prediction Analysis of Grouting Concretion Stone’s Strength Based on SVR." Advanced Materials Research 859 (December 2013): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.859.171.
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Cement-based grouting material is used for the grouting of gravel soil, and do compressive strength tests for the grouting concretion stones. Use the method of support vector machines for regression (SVR) to deal with the test data and predict the grouting concretion stones strength. Specific methods are as follows: randomly select 20 groups of the specimens for training, the remaining specimens for predicting, and then establish the relationship between the performance of soil body medium, grouting materials, grouting pressure and strength of concretion stones strength. The research results show that the support vector machines method can judge the sensitivity to impact indicators of grouting stones strength, and predict and analysis the grouting stones strength under multiple factors.
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Li, Xueliang, Xiaoli Guo, and Guang Sun. "Grouting Reinforcement Mechanism and Multimodel Simulation Analysis of Longwall Goaf." Geofluids 2021 (May 23, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9943596.
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Grouting reinforcement is one of the most effective methods to enhance the stability of the goaf, and its scheme selection, hole location, and parameter determination directly affect the success or failure of goaf treatment. On the basis of discussion of the deformation mechanism and evolution law of the longwall goaf, this article comprehensively analyzed the grouting reinforcement mechanism of the goaf combined with filling theory, permeability theory, and fracturing theory and studied the physical and chemical reaction principles of two commonly used filling materials, cement-fly ash slurry and cement-clay slurry. Three grouting models have been established: whole grouting, local grouting in fracture zone, and strip grouting, and then simulated the grouting effect of the two more common methods of whole grouting and strip grouting by numerical simulation software (FLAC3D, tecplot, Surfer). Simulation analysis is carried out from the perspectives of settlement deformation, horizontal movement, vertical stress, and horizontal stress. Finally, the feasibility of grouting treatment in the goaf is verified by engineering example. The results show that a reasonable grouting scheme can effectively reduce the residual deformation of the goaf and its overlying rock and improve the poor stress state, so as to achieve the purpose of effective grouting.
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Liu, Linsheng, Hongbo Wang, Shijie Zheng, Lianglin Dong, Yunchang Yu, and Chunyu Yang. "Damage Model and Experimental Study of a Sand Grouting-Reinforced Body under Seepage." Processes 10, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020256.
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Grouting is a reinforcing method commonly used in underground engineering. The grouting-reinforced body is in saturated groundwater, which is due to long-term seepage, resulting in reinforcing performance attenuation. This is a guarantee for the safe operation of the underground structure’s long life cycle that obtains the performance attenuation law of the grouting-reinforced body under the action of seepage. This paper uses primitive to describe the mechanical properties of grouting-reinforced body under seepage erosion, establishing the damage mechanics model of grouting-reinforced body under seepage, designing deterioration experimental of grouting-reinforced body under seepage, studying the mechanism of the permeation water pressure on the permeability of the grouting-reinforced body, and obtaining the variable of the grouting-reinforced body damage variable with the permeation water pressure. Studies have shown that seepage effects have a “sudden jump” phenomenon in the process of grouting-reinforced body erosion, and the limit damage of grouting-reinforced body is 0.15~0.19. The relationship between the permeability and damage variables of grouting-reinforced body under seepage are verified, and the quantitative relationship of grouting-reinforced body between permeation pressure, time and damage variables are obtained. This research is of great importance for improving the deterioration theory under seepage and ensuring the long-term safety of tunnel operations.
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Pan, Weidong, Suyu Liang, Shengyou Liu, Zhining Zhao, and Dashun Zha. "Numerical Simulation of Diffusion Regularity and Parameter Optimization of Shaft Grouting Slurry." Processes 10, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050803.
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Increase in downhole mining prompts the need to develop effective methods for maintenance of shafts. Currently, grouting behind the shaft wall is the main approach used for prevention of water seepage into the shaft. Several factors determine the grouting effect, and grouting often fails during field applications due to use of ineffective parameters. In the present study, numerical simulation was performed to evaluate slurry diffusion regularity under different grouting parameters based on the factors that affect shaft grouting. The simulation results showed that the overall diffusion radius of the slurry increased with increase in grouting time and stabilized toward the end of the simulation, under different grouting parameters. Porosity of the surrounding rock near the grouting hole gradually became denser with an increase in time, which is not conducive for diffusion of the slurry. The amount of water gushing at 146 m below the secondary shaft of Zhundong No. 2 mine decreased by 81% after optimizing the grouting parameters for application at the actual site. This decrease in amount of water had a significant anti-seepage effect, and it reduced grouting costs. The findings of the present study provide a basis for conducting subsequent shaft grouting projects.
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Duan, Hao Ran, Peng Zhao, Lei Qin, and Feng Jiao Shi. "Research on Grouting Materials for Underground Construction Projects." Materials Science Forum 1036 (June 29, 2021): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.319.
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The engineering practice shows that the application of grouting technology to treat underground engineering has strong applicability and is one of the most commonly used technical means at present. Based on the underground engineering, this paper introduces the research achievements of grouting materials in recent years, including cement-based grouting materials, mixed grouting materials, anti-scouring grouting materials, and ultra-fine cement grouting materials. Current demand of grouting materials in underground engineering, there exists large dosage of cement, high content, high cost, serious environmental pollution problems, such as looking for alternatives or mixed with other raw materials for preparation of cementation material become the development trend, compared with the cement grouting material, chemical grouting material with higher performance, but in smaller projects within the scope of application. How to reduce the production cost of chemical grouting materials, simplify the production process, overcome the existing toxicity, reduce environmental pollution and improve the durability of solidified body has become the bottleneck of its popularization and application. Some achievements have been made in the modification of cement or chemical materials by nanometer components, but there is still a long way to go before the large-scale application of grouting engineering.
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Sai, Z. Y., Y. S. Wang, Q. T. Zhang, C. J. Lin, Z. H. Wu, Z. F. Li, Q. Q. Zhang, and M. Zhang. "Field study on pile side grouting reinforcement for in-service pile foundation using segmental localized grouting." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2680, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2680/1/012015.
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Abstract Grouting is an effective method to enhance the bearing capacity of in-service pile foundations. The effect of optimizing grouting parameters for in-service pile foundation grouting reinforcement was verified through static load tests. The field tests of the pileless stratum show that the cement-sodium silicate slurry is more favourable for increasing the grouting pressure and more convenient to control the slurry diffusion than cement slurry. The grouting parameters of cement-sodium silicate slurry were determined according to the maximum grouting pressure and quantity. The slurry grouting parameters were cement slurry 1.6g/cm3 and cement slurry to sodium silicate ratio 2.29:1. Moreover, the effective range of segmental localized grouting reinforcement was detected by the resistivity method and in-situ standard penetration test, and the grouting position should be less than 2m from the side of the in-service pile foundation. Finally, it is found that pile side grouting can improve the bearing capacity of in-service pile foundation by 98% through static load test. The research results have reference value and guiding significance for the design and effect detection of pile foundation grouting reinforcement.
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Wang, Dang Liang, and Yue Gao. "Empirical Formula of Chemical Grouting Pressure in Porous Media Based on Similarity Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3320.
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Based on similarity theory and model test, this paper proposes the empirical formula of chemical grouting pressure in porous media that mainly reflects the characteristics of grouting machine, grouting materials, and the propriety of geotechnical medium. This formula reflects the complex grouting process in a simple way. And the orthogonal experiment results indicate that the factors affecting grouting pressure are the permeability of rock mass, grout viscosity, and grouting pump flow. Based on the empirical formula, and according to the achievement in fluid mechanics, this paper further studies and proposes the empirical formula of grouting pressure influenced by pipelines
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Li, Pan, Yangyang Xia, Xinhui Xie, Jing Wang, Chaojie Wang, Mingsheng Shi, Bo Wang, and Haoye Wu. "Study on Vertical Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundation with Distributed Geopolymer Post-Grouting on Pile Side." Materials 17, no. 2 (January 12, 2024): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17020398.
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To study the applicability of the new geopolymer grouting material for super-long and large-diameter post-grouting bored piles in silty fine sand geology, this paper compares the bearing capacity of two grouting materials, geopolymer and normal Portland cement, and different grouting volume pile side-distributed grouting piles in silty fine sand based on field model tests are analyzed through the diffusion forms of the two materials in silty fine sand through the morphology of the grouted body after excavation. The results show that the ultimate bearing capacities of P0 (ungrouted pile), P1 (8 kg cement grouted pile), P2 (6 kg geopolymer-grouted pile), P3 (8 kg geopolymer-grouted pile) and P4 (10 kg geopolymer-grouted pile) are 5400 N, 8820 N, 9450 N, 11,700 N and 12,600 N, respectively, and that the ultimate bearing capacity of the grouted pile is improved compared with that of the ungrouted pile since, under the same grouting amount, the maximum bearing capacity of the pile using geopolymer grouting is increased by 133% compared with that of the pile with cement grouting. This further verifies the applicability of the geopolymer grouting material for the post-grouting of the pile foundation in silty fine sand. Under the action of the ultimate load, the pile side friction resistance of P1, P2, P3 and P4 is increased by 200%, 218%, 284% and 319% compared with that of P0. In addition, the excavation results show that the geopolymer post-grouting pile forms the ellipsoidal consolidation body at the pile side grouting location, which mainly comprises extrusion diffusion with a small amount of infiltration diffusion, and the cement grouting pile forms a sheet-like consolidation body at the lower grouting location, which primarily comprises split diffusion. This study can provide a reference basis for the theoretical and engineering application of post-grouting piles using geopolymers.
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Cao, M., and X. Ma. "Assessing grouting effects on ground settlement in rectangular pipe jacking: field monitoring and centrifuge model tests." Géotechnique Letters 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jgele.23.00056.
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Extensive field monitoring and a series of centrifuge model tests of grouting for rectangular pipe jacking were carried out to investigate the mechanism of grouting and its effects. An innovative jacking grouting device was developed to model the entire grouting process in centrifuge test. Validation work was carried out by comparing the ground settlement between the centrifuge model test results and the field results, and reasonable agreement was obtained. The experimental results show that grouting slurry with low fluid loss and high viscosity is more conducive to controlling ground settlement during tunnelling; the ground settlement is strongly influenced by the grouting pressure. Within a certain range, increasing grouting pressure is conducive to controlling settlement; however, excessive grouting pressure will lift the ground surface.
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Kong, Dezhi, Heng Li, and Wensong Gan. "Study on Vertical Load-Carrying Capacity of Post-Grouting Bored Piles." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 7452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157452.
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The relationship between pile side frictional resistance and pile tip resistance and settlement is assumed to be ideal elastic–plastic. The load-transfer method is used to analyze the load-bearing characteristics of bored pile in actual projects, and the results are compared with static load test results to prove the reliability of the analysis method and its parameters, on the basis of which the bored piles are reinforced with grouting, namely, pile tip grouting, pile side grouting, and pile tip pile–side composite grouting, are analyzed. The results show that the pile tip grouting mainly improves pile tip resistance and has almost no effect on pile side frictional resistance; the pile side grouting improves pile tip resistance and pile side frictional resistance more significantly; and pile tip–pile side composite grouting improves pile tip resistance and pile side frictional resistance more significantly than the first two. The ultimate load-carrying capacity of the pile is increased by 19%, 49%, and 53% after the use of pile tip grouting, pile side grouting, and composite grouting respectively.
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Li, Yufang, Jiyang Xu, Feng Nan, Hongli Su, and Tongxu Zhao. "Dynamic Simulation and Experimental Study of the HDPE Double-Walled Corrugated Pipe Grouting Robot." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116776.
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The current drainage pipeline repair methods present significant limitations, and this paper proposes a new construction technology applied to the internal collapse repair of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). This study designed the hot-melt, deflection, support, monitoring, and grouting mechanisms of the grouting gun body while deducing the mechanical formulas of the grouting, deflection lifting, support, and travel processes. The grouting gun body was tested by inserting it into soil, confirming that the pipe grouting robot could perform grouting in an actual construction environment. The hot-melt test verified that the hot-melt mechanism of the pipeline grouting robot melted and broke the HDPE double-walled corrugated pipe. The kinematics simulation was performed using the ADAMS software, verifying that the motion of the pipeline grouting robot satisfied the design requirements. In this paper, the dynamic simulation and experimental research of HDPE double-walled corrugated pipe grouting robot were carried out. Compared with existing drainage pipeline repair methods, the pipeline grouting and shaping technology was highly efficient in a construction environment.
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Li, Yongfeng, Xiaobin Chen, Jianzhong Li, Lubo Tang, Fantong Lin, and Xinxin Zhang. "A Numerical Study on the Cement Slurry Penetration Performance of the Cyclic Grouting Method with High-Frequency Pulsating Pressure." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2023): 11919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111919.
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The performance of traditional steady grouting is sometimes limited; therefore, a new high-frequency pulsed grouting method is proposed. Through the CFD method, this paper studies the cement slurry penetration performance of cyclic grouting under the influence of pulsating pressure and steady pressure. Firstly, the penetration shape and flow fields of the two grouting methods are investigated. Secondly, the effects of pulsation parameters on penetration performance are studied. Finally, the influence of various working conditions, such as soil properties, grout parameters, grouting pipe length, and back pressure, on penetration distance is also investigated. The results show that pulsating grouting achieves better penetration performance compared with steady pressure grouting. With the increase in frequency, pulsating grouting exhibits superior performance, while with the increase in pulsation amplitude, the penetration distance initially increases and then decreases. This is because part of the pulsating pressure is lower than the back pressure, which weakens the pulsating effect. As viscosity and back pressure increase and as porosity and particle size decrease, the proportion of lateral diffusion in pulsating grouting relative to steady pressure grouting increases. This indicates that lateral penetration performance achieves optimal results under high-flow-resistance conditions. However, when the flow resistance becomes excessively high, the vertical penetration distance may be affected. This study is expected to improve the grouting efficiency and provide a better understanding of pulsating grouting design and operation.
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Jiang, Zhixiong, Dongjiang Pan, Shuhao Zhang, Zhiqiang Yin, and Jianjun Zhou. "Advanced Grouting Model and Influencing Factors Analysis of Tunnels with High Stress and Broken Surrounding Rock." Water 14, no. 4 (February 20, 2022): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14040661.
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Grouting can effectively seal and reinforce broken rock masses in deep geotechnical engineering, which have an important impact on groundwater-related disaster prevention and control. Based on multi-field coupling mechanics and rotational viscosity experiments, an advance grouting migration model of cement slurry in tunnels with high-stress broken surrounding rock is built against the background of the Xianglushan Tunnel for water diversion in central Yunnan Province. The influence characteristics of water–cement ratio, grouting pressure, and initial permeability on the process of grouting material migration are analyzed by combining classical column theory and spherical theory. The results show the following: Overall, the growth rate of grouting radius is fast during the earlier 5 min and slows down later. At the fifth minute, the normal grouting ranges are 22 cm, 51 cm, and 58 cm, at water–cement ratios 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, respectively, while the normal grouting ranges are 58 cm, 51 cm, and 36 cm at grouting pressures 2 MPa, 1 MPa, and 0.5 MPa, respectively; the normal grouting ranges are 58 cm, 24 cm, and 11 cm at initial permeabilities 5D, 0.5D, and 0.05D, respectively. At the 60th minute, the normal grouting ranges are 47 cm, 133 cm, and 155 cm at water–cement ratios 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0, respectively; the normal grouting ranges are 155 cm, 131 cm, and 96 cm at grouting pressures 2 MPa, 1 MPa, and 0.5 MPa, respectively; meanwhile, the normal grouting ranges are 155 cm, 63 cm, and 29 cm at initial permeabilities 5D, 0.5D, and 0.05D, respectively. This study can provide theoretical guidance for on-site grouting design in unfavorable geological treatment projects.
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Zhou, Chao Yue, Yong Fang, Ya Peng Fu, and Ge Cui. "The Grouting Technology of Large-Section Highway Tunnel in Water-Rich Karst Formations." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1441.
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It is a challenge to deal with karst in the construction of large cross-section tunnel. Under the background of Shuangbei Highway Tunnel, a new kind of grouting technology is introduced. According to hydrogeology, field tests are carried out to select grouting materials and proportion of mixture. Combined with the project practice, grouting construction technology is discussed such as grouting equipments, grouting parameters, operation technique, grouting ending standards. It has been proved that the technology is effective in tunnel construction.
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Qiu, Yu Liang, Wan Kun Zheng, Bao Tong Shi, and Rui Huang. "Research on Grouting Experiment in Aeolian Sand Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.316.
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Portland cement, superfine cement and modified sodium silicate have been taken as grouting materials in the aeolian sand tunnel which is characterized by single particle, bad gradation and loose structure. In this paper, penetration grouting and rotary jet grouting have been adopted in site grouting experiment, whose effects are tested by excavation sampling test and field excavation detection. The grouting feature of aeolian sand formation has been revealed. In the meantime, the applicability of different kinds of grouting materials in aeolian sand tunnel have been clarified which provides useful significance and reference value on the selection of grouting parameter and construction in aeolian sand tunnel.
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Liu, Jimin, Hua Cheng, Haibing Cai, and Xuesong Wang. "Design and Analysis of Grouting Pressure in Slurry Pipe Jacking Based on the Surrounding Soil Stability Mechanical Characteristics." Geofluids 2022 (June 16, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4697730.
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In slurry pipe jacking, lubricant slurry is commonly used to sustain against the displacement and pressure of the overcut area and reduce the interface friction of pipelines. Therefore, a reasonable grouting pressure should ensure the stability of surrounding soils, which is raised as a new method in this study. Not only ensure the grouting pressure is not too small to support the stratum effectively and reduce the frictional resistance but also ensure that the grouting pressure will not be too large to produce excessive deformation and affect the surrounding environment. First of all, the influence of grouting pressure on the stability of surrounding soil is analyzed, and the mechanical model of slurry grouting expansion is established. Then, the minimum grouting pressure is designed from the critical balance between radial expansion tension by grouting and loose earth pressure by jacking excavation, and the maximum grouting pressure is designed from the critical expansion pressure caused by grouting splitting. Finally, the rationality of grouting pressure design is proved by the engineering example of a slurry pipe-jacking project near Haikou Meilan Airport and on-site GPR detection test. All these work aims to raise a new theoretical solution of grouting pressure and provide theoretical reference for similar projects.
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Shi, Hai, Mingzhou Bai, and Shaochuan Xing. "Mechanics Parameter Optimization and Evaluation of Curtain Grouting Material in Deep, Water-Rich Karst Tunnels." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1853951.
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Mud and water often gush suddenly during the construction process of deep buried karst tunnels, which may cause serious accidents and result in major economic losses. Accordingly, for tunnels buried in deep rich water districts, discovering how to effectively control water gushing and ensure the stability of surrounding rock has great influence on the safety of engineering construction. The case study in this paper simulates the water-rich section of Dou-mo tunnel from Shanghai to Kunming of China. Numerical analysis was used to simulate the construction of the curtain grouting section and to evaluate the effects of the various curtain grouting parameters. The optimal grouting parameters were selected and then evaluated by applying them to the grouting method. The results show that (1) the grouting effect is the most notable one when the thickness of the grouting circle is outside the 4 m range of the tunnel contour. (2) In the same circle, the grouting quantity of the same ring is presented as a wave form. Therefore the number of the same ring grouting holes should reduce and increase the distance between the adjacent grouting holes appropriately to reduce the number of grouting holes and speed up the grouting progress.
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Zhang, Jiaqi, Chunfeng Zhao, and Yue Wu. "Experimental Study on Post-Grouting Pile Vertical Bearing Performance Considering Different Grouting Methods and Parameters in Cohesive Soil." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2023): 12175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212175.
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The selection of grouting methods and parameters significantly affects the improvement in the pile-bearing capacity of cast-in-place bored piles. This study proposes a comprehensive set of test methods for constructing model piles, performing grouting at the pile tip and pile side. A series of single-pile grouting and static load tests were conducted using these test methods. The results reveal that pile-side grouting is more effective in controlling pile settlement compared to tip grouting. Furthermore, tip-side-combined grouting exhibits superior reinforcement effects compared to the other two grouting methods. After grouting, a grout bubble is formed at the outlet, consisting of a compact diffusion zone internally and a split diffusion zone externally. Additionally, a vertical diffusion of grout occurs along the pile body, establishing a lateral friction resistance enhancement region. Within this region, the lateral friction resistance of the pile shows a negative correlation with the distance from the grouting outlet. The test results emphasize the significance of grouting volume and its impact on the bearing capacity, settlement control, lateral friction resistance, and grout bubble size in grouted piles, while the influence of variation in grouting pressure in a small range on bearing characteristics is not significantly apparent.
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Risharnanda, Bambang, Suhardjono, H. Andre Primantyo, and Runi Asmaranto. "Prediction of Grouting Method for Decreasing the Lugeon Value of Dam Foundation." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.12.30.
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This research aims to predict the grouting method to decrease the Lugeon value on the dam foundation. The methodology consisting of grouting is evaluated by comparing the first permeability (permeability before grouting) and secondary permeability (permeability after grouting). Grouting is critical in improving the dam foundation and reducing the permeability in Lugeon values. Because of the concealment and uncertainty of dam foundation grouting, the accurate evaluation of the quality of grouting construction has become a major concern. The effectiveness of the grouting method for decreasing Lugeon values in the dam foundation has not been certainly revealed. The foundation of the dam with weathered lapilli tuff and gravelly sand is a typical porous weathered rock. The grouting was performed as a down-stage, in which the grout hole is drilled in stages using a pneumatic packer. The improvement of the dam foundation by grouting is evaluated by comparing the first permeability (permeability before grouting) and secondary permeability (permeability after grouting) by using Lugeon values with a water pressure test. This test employed 534 data, which included the first permeability, depth, grout take, and secondary permeability. This paper focuses on modeling to predict the secondary permeability. The result is developing the secondary permeability that considers the relation between the parameters, which can affect and represent the characteristics of grouting quality in the non-linear regression equation that is SP = FP – f(GT) in the depth conditions of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 m. R-squared is the coefficient of determination. The R-squared value for depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 m is 87.52%, 83.18%, 72.29%, 60.20%, 42.25%, and 30.03%. Thus, the results are applicable to assess the quality of curtain grouting.
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Fang, Tengfei, Zongzhi Zhao, Jianxun Chen, Yanbin Luo, Weiwei Liu, Dong Li, Ruibin Yu, and Jian Li. "Bearing Capacity of a Concrete Grouting Pad on the Working Surface of a Highway Tunnel Shaft." Applied Sciences 14, no. 7 (March 30, 2024): 2933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14072933.
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A grouting pad is the key structure for the construction of water inrush grouting on the shaft working surface. Previous methods of calculating the bearing capacity have limitations due to a lack of understanding of the failure mode. To investigate the bearing capacity of a concrete grouting pad on the working surface of a shaft, this paper establishes a mechanical model for the punching shear failure of a grouting pad under symmetrical loading conditions. A unified solution for the bearing capacity is derived, and the influence of parameters is discussed. In addition, a new method for designing the plastic limit thickness is proposed based on this research. The results show that the reason for the grouting pads’ punching shear failure resulted from the formation of peripheral grouting holes “weak ring” caused by the reduction of the bearing capacity. When the thickness of B0 remains constant, the bearing capacity qu of the grouting pad is inversely proportional to the ratio of the diameter and the area of the bottom load. Therefore, following the method of “dividing, interval, and jumping holes” during grouting construction is recommended. The greater the thickness of the grouting pad, the greater the bearing capacity qu will be. When the grouting pad diameter is 2r2 and the thickness B0 is constant, the bearing capacity qu increases with the material tensile strength ft. When designing grouting pads, following the principles of “large thickness, uniform strength theory, high strength materials” will improve bearing performance. The findings have been implemented in the design of the grouting pad thickness for the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel shaft project, which can successfully solve the problem of frequent cracking caused by the weak bearing capacity of a grouting pad. The findings can provide a theoretical basis and reference for the design and construction of grouting pads in a highway tunnel shaft.
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Tang, Baijian, Jiawei Wang, Huiyuan Shi, Zhiyuan Xia, Yongjie Zhang, and Li Chen. "Numerical Simulation Methodology for Prefabricated Shear Walls Considering Stochastic Defects in Grouting Materials." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111859.
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The most used connection form for reinforced steel bars is the grouting sleeve using cement-based grouting materials. Hence, the quality of the grouting sleeve connection determines whether the performance of a precast concrete structure is equivalent to that of a cast in situ concrete structure. However, several existing reasons, namely, insufficient grouting cement or poor construction controls and even stochastic bubble holes, lead to inevitable grouting defects. The behavior of precast concrete structures is affected dramatically. Considering the cost and efficiency of the analysis of precast concrete structures, the finite element method is still the most used method, but the simulation technology of structures considering stochastic defects in grouting materials is not sufficient. Herein, a simulation method considering stochastic defects in precast concrete structures is proposed, and the application of the method to grouting sleeves and shear wall structures is performed to verify its accuracy and feasibility. The construction of stochastic defects in grouting material is first realized through the Python scripter. Secondly, the mechanical parameters are obtained from the refined finite element analysis of grouting sleeves with material defects. Finally, based on the obtained mechanical properties of grouting sleeves, the behaviors of precast shear walls under blast loading are analyzed. The simulations of grouting sleeves under uniaxial tensile loading and precast concrete shear walls under blast loading both indicate that the proposed numerical method is feasible in solving the structural issues with stochastic defects in grouting materials.
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M. Amril asy'ari, Rachmat Hidayatullah, Dessy Lestari.S, Selo Bhuwono Kahar, and Maharto Kristiyono. "PENGARUH GROUTING TERHADAP NILAI LUGEON PADA BATUAN DASAR PONDASI BENDUNGAN TAPIN." Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil 5, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v5i2.1186.
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Bendungan merupakan bangunan air yang dibangun melintang sungai untuk meninggikan elevasi muka air. Salah satu bangunan konstruksi Bendungan adalah Maindam, Fungsi dari konstruksi maindam adalah sebagai tempat penampungan air Bendungan. Oleh karena itu bendungan harus memiliki pondasi yang kedap air agar tidak terjadi rembesan atau kebocoran.
Injeksi semen bertekanan (grouting) adalah proses di mana suatu cairan diinjeksikan dengan tekanan sesuai uji tekanan air ke dalam rongga, rekah dan retakan batuan/tanah, yang mana cairan tersebut dalam waktu tertentu akan menjadi padat secara fisika maupun kimiawi. Setelah dilakukan test grouting kemudian dilakukan perhitungan nilai luegon untuk mengetahui efektifitas grouting yang dinyatakan dalam %.
Pekerjaan pemboran dan grouting pada area maindam Bendungan Tapin dilaksanakan dengan jumlah titik sebanyak 1350 yang dibagi kedalam 12 blok. Dari hasil pekerjaan cek hole untuk pekerjaan grouting maindam kiri untuk 6 blok memiliki angka Lugeon rerata 2.46. Pada pekerjaan grouting di maindam kanan, setelah dilakukan pekerjaan Cek Hole 6 blok didapatkan angka Lugeon rerata 1.18. Hasil perhitungan efektifitas grouting pada zona inti di area maindam didapatkan nilai efektifitas grouting yang diperoleh pada angka 74.38. Angka tersebut dimasukkan kedalam tabel pengaruh Efektifitas grouting masuk kedalam kategoti baik. Kategori tersebut telah menunjukkan bahwa grouting telah berhasil dilaksanakan
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Gong, Shilin, and Xin Feng. "Detection of grouting defects in prestressed tendon ducts using distributed fiber optic sensors." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): 1273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921719880318.
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To compensate for the shortcomings of the existing point detection methods for grouting defects in prestressed tendon ducts, such as low detection efficiency, stringent detection environment, and easy omission of grouting defects, this article presents a distributed detection approach to detect the grouting defects in tendon ducts. The main objective of the research pertained to the development of a method for accurate identification and location of grouting defects and qualitative evaluation of the size of grouting defects using distributed fiber optic sensors with active heating. Using the thermal analysis of grouting defects in the tendon duct and the research on distributed fiber optic sensors measurement characteristics, our work proposed a method for identifying and locating grouting defects and explored the effect of the grouting defect length and the grouting compactness on the temperature rise of distributed fiber optic sensors. The feasibility of the proposed approach is evaluated through an experimental program. The experimental program involved use of heating distributed fiber optic sensors for the distributed measurement of temperature after the heating and detection of grouting defects in tendon ducts in a concrete beam. The results indicate that distributed fiber optic sensors can monitor the temperature distribution of the tendon duct during a temperature rise in real time. Grouting defects in the tendon duct can be quickly detected and located by identifying temperature anomalies in the temperature contour of the distributed fiber optic sensors. Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between the defect length and the abnormal temperature length on the distributed fiber optic sensors, and the defect length can be identified based on the abnormal temperature length obtained by the measurement. Plane-equivalent thermal conductivity can be used to evaluate the grouting compactness of the tendon duct. When the grouting compactness is greater than 70%, the smaller the plane-equivalent thermal conductivity is, the lower the grouting compactness is. The plane-equivalent thermal conductivity is basically the same when the grouting compactness is less than 70%.
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Ding, Yanping, Xuefu Zhang, and Bin Zhang. "Preliminary Study on Double Lining Support Design for Water Plugging of Highway Tunnel under High Water Pressure in Mountain Area Based on Limited Drainage." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (August 6, 2022): 7905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157905.
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In the water-rich karst regions, high water and mud outbursts are common geological disasters in tunnel construction. To ensure the safe and smooth construction of tunnel projects, it is necessary to consider anti-water pressure, water inrush prevention and geological disasters during the design of tunnels. Based on the Yongfutun Tunnel Project, this paper studies the application and effect of radial grouting and curtain grouting, which involves those in high-water-pressure tunnels under double-layer support conditions. To obtain the effects and parameters of radial grouting and curtain grouting, the influences of different grouting ranges on the tunnel’s surrounding rocks and supporting structures were analyzed and the finite difference method was adopted. The results show that the radial grouting of the surrounding rock can notably improve the initial support of the tunnel, but the impact is less obvious when the grouting range exceeds 4 m. The design of radial grouting is recommended to be 4.0 m to 4.5 m. Curtain grouting can effectively reduce the external water pressure of the tunnel lining. The external water pressure of the grouting area is 23% greater than that without curtain grouting. Curtain grouting can slow down the infiltration of external water pressure. This is beneficial to the stress of the tunnel lining structure, but the improvement in initial support force is slight. Moreover, curtain grouting improves the safety reserve of the secondary lining by strengthening the self-stability ability of the surrounding rock. Meanwhile, the double-layer primary support can effectively share the external water pressure and surrounding rock pressure. This study provides a certain reference for the lining design of high-water-pressure tunnels.
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Jiang, Tianyong, Bin He, Yaowen Zhang, and Lei Wang. "Detecting of the Longitudinal Grouting Quality in Prestressed Curved Tendon Duct Using Piezoceramic Transducers." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041212.
Full textAbstract:
To understand the characteristics of longitudinal grouting quality, this paper developed a stress wave-based active sensing method using piezoceramic transducers to detect longitudinal grouting quality of the prestressed curved tendon ducts. There were four lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers installed in the same longitudinal plane. One of them, mounted on the bottom of the curved tendon duct, was called as an actuator for generating stress waves. The other three, pasted on the top of the curved tendon duct, were called as sensors for detecting the wave responses. The experimental process was divided into five states during the grouting, which included 0%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% grouting. The voltage signals, power spectral density (PSD) energy and wavelet packet energy were adopted in this research. Experimental results showed that all the amplitudes of the above analysis indicators were small before the grouting reached 90%. Only when the grouting degree reached the 100% grouting, these parameters increased significantly. The results of different longitudinal PZT sensors were mainly determined by the distance from the generator, the position of grouting holes, and the fluidity of grouting materials. These results showed the longitudinal grouting quality can be effectively evaluated by analyzing the difference between the signals received by the PZT transducers in the curved tendon duct. The devised method has certain application value in detecting the longitudinal grouting quality of prestressed curved tendon duct.
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Sun, Feng, Rong Pan, Xiu Yun Zhu, and Tie Lin Chen. "Meso-Mechanical Simulation of Fracture Grouting under Fluid-Solid Coupling Environment and Engineering Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.485.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the complication of grouting process in soil, design of fracture grouting works is still mainly based on empirical considerations and experiences from past projects. Based on the theory of particle flow, the domain of flow is defined by using Fish language implemented in PFC and the formulas for flow and pressure are put forward respectively. Combined with above study, the process of fracture grouting in soil is simulated with particle flow code (PFC2D) from micro-viewpoint under coupling environment. In addition, the emergence and development of crack and grouting pressure in soil is analyzed under different grouting pressure and soil properties. The research results show that pressure plays a key role in consolidating the soil by fracture grouting, but in fact it should be kept in a reasonable value in order to forming grouting slurry net entirely. Filed test indicates that fracture grouting greatly increases the bearing capacity of weathered rock in Xiamen Xiangan subsea tunneling and the conclusions of numerical simulation agrees well with the field test and grouting theory.
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Liu, Qingang, Mingru Zhou, Lin Zhong, Shaofei Li, and Yiming Chen. "Application of Controllable Splitting Grouting Technology in Loess Foundation Reinforcement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2101, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2101/1/012025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Taking the foundation settlement accident of a large heating boiler foundation in a city in collapsible loess area as an example, controllable splitting grouting can be achieved by controlling the grouting pressure, grouting pipe opening form, grouting volume and grouting method etc., so as to stabilize foundation settlement and improve foundation bearing capacity, for the boiler with large uneven settlement, for boilers with large uneven settlement, quicklime piles are used to jack up the foundation after splitting grouting to stabilize the foundation, the foundation is lifted with quicklime piles after splitting grouting to stabilize the foundation. The results show that the grouting amount of soil is within the design range, the grout splits in the soil several times to form a slurry vein, the settlement is stable after boiler reinforcement, the quicklime method can jack up the foundation and reduce the uneven settlement of the foundation, and the use of controllable splitting grouting can basically eliminate the slight collapsibility grade loess, which provides a new idea for solving the similar problem of uneven settlement of collapsible loess foundation buildings.
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Xie, Zhen Hua, Dong Yang, Sha Sha Liang, and Zhi Yun Jia. "Research on Number of High-Pressure Grouting of Hierarchical Multiple for Slope Based on Reliability Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.363.
Full textAbstract:
The technology of hierarchical multiple high-pressure grouting is an effective approach to manage high and steep slope of broken rock mass. The number of grouting is one of the key parameters of this technology. By the analysis of mechanics and grouting theory, the anchoring effect mainly is affected by anchor slurry vein and the contact area with rock mass. Based on the system analysis of slurry vein development for first time and many times high-pressure grouting, the process flow for hierarchical multiple high-pressure grouting is put forward. Serve the rock permeability changes before and after grouting as an indicator measuring slurry and rock surface area, the method of determining grouting number based on the reliable probability is got. Combined with the engineering example of Shouyun Iron Mine, this paper puts forward the reliability criteria of working state of hierarchical multiple high-pressure grouting. Through the probability calculation, the best number of grouting is 4 times. The tests of permeability of rock mass and drawing force verify the accuracy of this determination method.
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Wang, Lei, and Tao Li. "The Calculation of Grouting Diffusion Radius on Based Bingham Fluid for Chunnel That Passes through Fractured Rock Mass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1280.
Full textAbstract:
To conduct pro-grouting design and make the prediction of the result of grouting about the chunnel that passes through fractured rock mass, the essay adopts following theoretical formula to calculate the fractured rock mass grouting diffusion radius: Wittke and Wallner Formula、Lombadi Formula and Huang Chunhua Formula. Finally through the analysis of calculation results can conclude: (I) The diffusion radius of the slurry can meet the design requirements under the condition of 3-4 Mpa designed grouting pressure、5 cm grouting holes’ radius and 1800-3600s grouting time. (II) The calculation result of Huang Chunhua Formula is almost the same as Wittke and Wallner Formula and Lombadi Formula, but the margin of grouting diffusion radius’ change as grouting time and grouting pressure growing are different, it’s more close to the real situation.(III) The calculation of these theoretical formula only consider the breadth of fractured rock without considering the variation of its thickness and direction. So all of the calculation results of these formula are generally bigger than the standard.
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Liu, Ji Feng, and Xiu Qin Cui. "Pile Bearing Capacity Improvement by Post-Grouting on Tip and Side." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 1313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.1313.
Full textAbstract:
For verifying pile bearing capacity improvement by post-grouting on tip and side and the decrease of building settlement, 10 tip and side post-grouting and 2 unpost-grouting piles are tested by low strain dynamic test, static loading test, stess distribution monitoring and high strain dynamic test, and the building settlement is monitored. It is indicated that all piles length and integrity are meeting the challenge, the post-grouting piles bearing capacity are at least 70% improved than that of unpost-grouting piles, designing pile bearing capacity as 8800kN is safer, the building maximal settlement and the differential settlement is satifying. The preliminary designed 904 piles are reduced to 531 by adopting post-grouting technique and about 20% cost of pile engineering is saved, the proper grouting stata choosing, the accurate grounting volume and pressure controlling in the post-grouting constrution process are needed.