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Yamanami, Kenji 1972. "Leverages firms used in growing paths." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17875.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-86).
Over 99% of enterprises in US and Japan are of small- or medium-size. Some will enjoy successful growth whereas most will suffer from poor growth, though all have started from being small. Analogy exists between those successfully growing start-ups and people who want to leverage the days spent in noted universities to a better job and to leverage the experiences in the better workplace to their further business career. Even in a world of business, it seems to be very essential in the growth of firm to leverage resources acquired. When searched in the Google.com, 'leverage' hits 2,640,000 pages and 'by leveraging' hits 220,000 pages. Also, words of 'leveraging' as abundant as stars in the sky are found in speeches, presentations and brochures. Nevertheless, there are no comprehensive frameworks or papers on the corporate strategy about leveraging, though a lot of papers refer to a portion of it through, for instance, resource-based view and financial leverage. Hence, attempted in this thesis was to develop a basic framework for leveraging business strategy, Leverage Driver Model (LDM) first. LDM consists of three parts: 1) product lever, 2) reputation driver, and 3) market lever, with consideration, with the consideration of dilution with time. Chapter 2 reviewed the past studies related to strategic leverages or related to growth paths of firms. In chapter 3, a basic mechanism of leverages in business was analyzed by introducing the Leverage Driver Model. In chapter 4, the scope of the LDM was expanded to applying itself to leveraging between products and between firms. Chapter 5 consists of case analyses on the practical leverage approaches some firms actually employed along their growing paths, and discussion was made to the
(cont.) attributes of leverages to the current success of some firms.
by Kenji Yamanami.
S.M.M.O.T.
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Angelis, John N. "Decision Models for Growing Firms: Obstacles and Opportunities." online version, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1228408327.
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Kelly, Bridgita. "Common characteristics in fast growing Irish SMEs." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311517.
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Condie, Jennifer. "Stages and pathways of management accounting change in small, growing firms." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618558.
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This study investigates the processes leading up to the implementation of a change in an accounting system: how managers identify a need for change, and how possible solutions are found and evaluated. The study is set in twelve small, growing firms; a category of firms whose success is important for driving economic growth (Bhide, 1999; Storey, 1983). This is also a setting where change is frequent and relatively simple, making the change process more easily observed than in large firms. The challenges of the research design were met using research techniques that are new or uncommon in accounting literature: the Cognitive Interview (Milne et al., 1999), narrative analysis (Llewelyn, 1999), and data displays (Miles et al., 1994). Five stages that lead up to implementation are identified, along with the factors that act within each stage. Facing a Changing Situation is the first stage, in which a need for management accounting and control change develops. Key managerial tasks are identified in the four stages that follow: perceiving and interpreting signals about how well the firm is performing (Situation Awareness); finding gaps between how the firm is performing and how they want the company to perform (problem Finding); finding potential solutions to the problem (Solution Finding); and evaluating potential solutions in order to choose one (Decision Making). Finally, a typical chronological sequence for the stages is found, and divergences from this sequence explored. The conclusion of the thesis is that momentum for change depends on an interaction between the individual and the situation. To successfully respond to an organisational challenge the individual needs good situation awareness, appropriate value judgments, a variety of sources of inspiration, and effective evaluation methods. Finally, natural, messy, non-linear change processes can be as effective, and perhaps more efficient, than analytical, orderly, linear change processes.
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Villeneuve-Moore, Amelie. "Development of capabilities in Western professional services firms internationalising in fast-growing economies." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8287.
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This research was inspired by both a practical and a theoretical challenge: how Western professional services firms (PSFs) internationalise into fast-growing economies. The research contributes to theory by proposing a model comprising groups of capabilities, within which different combinations of capabilities, labelled types, develop or change depending on the context and service offering. Eight capabilities and two types have been identified as important to firms internationalising into fast-growing economies. PSFs that deliver standardised offerings appear to perform well when they have Type A properties of the eight capabilities. PSFs that offer idiosyncratic and context-specific services appear to perform well when they have Type B properties of the eight capabilities. Some evidence supporting the concept of dynamic capabilities which renew, regenerate or refresh capabilities has been found. The research addresses a gap in three overlapping theoretical areas: internationalisation, capabilities and the context of professional services firms. This context continues to be important to practitioners as GDP growth in Western countries remains low, relative to the fast-growing economies, thereby presenting the need for firms to grow into these economies in order to survive. Much of the capabilities literature analyses the effects of a given capability, but has focused less on groups of capabilities. Finally the professional services industry is reported to be a leading growth industry, with an important impact on other industries; however it remains relatively under-researched. I have researched nine firms, using a case study approach to derive a theoretical model comprising groups of capabilities identified through the first two projects, which was then refined and examined over different time periods in the final project.
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FRID, JOHANNA, and FRIDA NORDANÅS. "Creating a Values-Aligned Workplace : How to Work with Company Values in Growing Consulting Firms." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229658.
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Ekström, Emma, and Evelina Pallin. "Challenge accepted : A qualitative study on how small firms can manage human resources when growing." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149307.
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Business growth has been a widely interesting topic among researchers throughout the years. Most research has emphasised growth as an outcome that considers different measures to growth, whereas the outcome of growth that reflects upon managing challenges when growing and growth as a process that refers to how firms adapt internally whilst growing have been much more neglected. As an organisation grows, human capital has been suggested as one of the most critical aspects to manage when firms need to develop knowledge, competencies, and skills beyond what already exists within the organisation. Small firms in comparison to their larger counterparts seldom have specific departments to manage human resources, which leaves room for interesting areas to understand how small firms can manage processes to develop human resources beyond those already existing as firms grow. As small firms grow and encounter various challenges in need of management, absorptive capacity considers means for managers to address growth challenges by realising the value of new and external knowledge to produce dynamic capabilities, which in turn enable firms to align resources to the changing environment of a growing organisation. Previous research highlights the need to develop a practical understanding of internal processes that managers apply when managing a wider range of competencies. The purpose of this study serves to create an understanding of how small firms that encounter growth challenges can manage human resources to develop necessary skills and competencies beyond existing means as organisations grow. To develop this understanding, this study develops a conceptual framework based upon human capital, absorptive capacity and dynamic capabilities with the guiding research question: How can small firms manage human resources when growing? Through a qualitative study with data collected through semi-structured interviews, this study concludes that small firms can manage human resources through various processes, in which organisational culture should serve as a foundation throughout the entire process of managing human resources. This study also concludes that as organisations grow, it is important to be aware of and question current processes to efficiently address challenges in changing environments. Furthermore, this study considers the importance of being an attractive firm and to manage human resources through means of defining a market to attract and acquire human resources when growing. With previous research highlighting the need to develop a more practical understanding of processes that managers utilise when managing a growing organisation, this study contributes to existing literature by emphasising the role of the manager throughout the process of managing human resources. The study also provides practical reasonings for small firms to remain efficient and survive in a market dominated by competition of larger organisations with financial resources to outcompete smaller and less established firms.
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Dahlin, Frida, and Anna Ledel. "Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in Rapidly Growing Firms : As a way of Strengthening the Corporate Brand." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25872.
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Title: Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in Rapidly Growing Firms – As a way of Strengthening the Corporate Brand Authors: Frida Dahlin and Anna Ledel Supervisor: Thomas Helgesson Examiner: Venilton Reinert Level: Bachelor thesis Keywords: Corporate social responsibility, Corporate brand, Gazelle companies Research question: How can gazelle companies develop CSR strategies to strengthen their corporate brand? Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate how Swedish gazelle companies are taking their rapid growth into consideration when working with CSR as a way of strengthening their corporate brand. This paper aims to examine how Swedish gazelle companies are managing their CSR strategies and if the fact that they are fast growing firms is affecting their strategic work, and in that case how. This paper aims to contribute with a better adjusted model of CSR that is applicable in the context of rapidly growing firms. Methodology: A deductive and qualitative method was chosen for a deeper, more detailed and descriptive explanation of the considered subject. Theoretical frame of references: Theories regarding previous research of corporate brand, CSR, reputation management and rapidly growing firms are brought forward. Empirical findings: Primarily data was collected and presented from three rapidly growing firms in Sweden. Conclusion: A new model has been developed that is aimed for gazelle companies to use when working with and developing CSR strategies as a way of strengthening the corporate brand.
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Tzeng, Cheng-Hua 1973. "Growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries : the interplay of the state, the market and the social sector." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102829.
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This study builds an integrative framework to delineate the process of growing entrepreneurial firms in developing countries. Deriving from the existing entrepreneurship literature, this thesis uses two notions to delineate the process of growth of indigenous firms: entrepreneurial intent and entrepreneurial capability. Then, drawing on the literature of economic development, it identifies three key sectors, the state, the market and the social sector, that foster entrepreneurial intent and cultivate entrepreneurial capability.The research setting is the information technology (IT) industries in China and Taiwan, each of which has had impressive performance when compared with their counterparts in other developing countries. This study differentiates the growth of entrepreneurial firms into three stages, getting started, getting there, and staying there, and proceeds to analyze the comparative-historical experiences of six IT firms, three in China and three in Taiwan. The firms in China are the Advanced Technology Service Division (ATSD), Lenovo Computer, and Great Wall Computer. The firms in Taiwan are United Microelectronics Corporation (UMC), Acer, and Vanguard International Semiconductor (VIS).
It is found that at the stage of getting started, the government tends to be key among the three sectors, and can broadly influence the firms' entrepreneurial intent by building the national institution context, and more specifically through industrial policies. At the stage of getting there, the domestic social sector becomes more salient, and can transfer technology to entrepreneurial firms either from abroad or from their own research; they can also help defend entrepreneurial firms in intellectual property disputes with multinational firms. At the stage of staying there, due to their advanced technology, multinationals as forces in the market become more prevalent, and can enhance or destroy the capability of entrepreneurial firms. Overall, the state can act as context builder, champion and confronter; the social sector can play the roles of capability builder and capability defender, while the market, via multinational firms, can play the roles of capability destroyer and capability enhancer.
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Khawar, Sara. "Process of social networks development in an entrepreneurial setting : a case of fast growing firms in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/34336.
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Social Networks are broad set of actors or organizations and relations between them. The recent review of the literature shows that the research has been focused mainly on the effects of social networks on the entrepreneurial process but little attention is being paid to the process of development of social networks during an entrepreneurial process. The present studies highlight the aspects of process through analysing life cycle, teleology, dialectic and evolutionary views of process of development of social networks. This thesis presents ‘Becoming a Networked Entrepreneur’, a substantive theory of process of social network development in Entrepreneurship Literature constructed using Constructivist Grounded Theory approach to study the 13 entrepreneurs of Fast Growing Firms in Lahore, Pakistan. There are three main conceptual domains of this theory: sources of networks and actions of the entrepreneur and Developmental Patterns. The process of becoming a networked entrepreneur involves constant interaction of entrepreneur with the environment where sources of networks enable the entrepreneur to get connected to a network actor. Through studying the process of becoming a networked entrepreneur, the researchers can view the process in an integrated approach which involves the development of networks before starting the venture and interaction of entrepreneur with the environment where these networks are being developed. The process of becoming a networked entrepreneur presents a framework to study the networks and their development along the entrepreneurial venture.
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Hulbert, Beverley. "The management of opportunities in the marketing activities of growing small and medium sized (SMEs) owner-managed firms." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431549.
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Duarte, Sérgio Lemos. "Gestão de custos interorganizacionais em organizações cooperativas e investor-owned firms - IOFs no setor de cafeicultura no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-14062017-104903/.
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As relações interorganizacionais, em seu contexto mais específico da gestão de custos interorganizacionais (GCI), geram aos participantes dificuldades quanto à falta de confiança, ao modo como os benefícios serão compartilhados, se as informações são verídicas, entre outros problemas. No âmbito das pesquisas interorganizacionais, o ambiente competitivo de Investor-owend Firms (IOFs) tem se favorecido. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa nas relações com as cooperativas pode favorecer tanto a literatura da GCI, quanto ajudar no segmento cooperativo agrícola, que tem perdido produtos para IOFs dos seus cooperados. Nessa visão, a pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se e como se estabelece a configuração da GCI nas cooperativas e IOFs da cadeia de valor do café, comparando-as e relacionando as variáveis já discutidas na literatura de GCI, com a base teórica da ECT, enfoque desta tese. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturada, individuais, com produtores rurais, representantes de cooperativas e IOFs, que comercializem café e tenham relação direta, delimitados geograficamente no estado de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Foi realizado um pré-teste, com um produtor rural, uma cooperativa e uma IOF, para validação das questões da entrevista. Posteriormente, realizou-se a análise de similitude pelo software IRAMUTEQ, confirmando as variáveis e abrindo a possibilidade de estudar uma variável nova (fidelidade comercial) não contemplada na literatura interorganizacional. Realizadas as entrevistas, com as novas questões inseridas, um total de 21 para produtores e 21 para cooperativas e IOFs, as respostas foram transcritas, utilizando o software Atlas TI para a contagem e as variações das palavras, conferindo quais estavam relacionadas com cada uma das variáveis para, assim, organizar e fazer a análise de conteúdo. Como resultado, identificou-se a relação das variáveis de GCI e ECT entre elas, dado a qualidade-funcionalidade no âmbito cafeeiro não limitar o preço pago ao produtor rural, que utiliza a qualidade-funcionalidade para aumentar o preço e o mercado futuro para minimização da incerteza na oscilação do mercado. Percebeu-se a prática do OBA na relação unilateral produtor-cooperativa, com informações acerca da qualidade e produção e também de forma unilateral, verificando que os benefícios, a cooperação e a (inter)-dependência ocorriam nesta relação. Na variável (inter)-dependência, notou-se, pelos relatos dos produtores, a utilização da venda de insumos e armazenagem na cooperativa de forma oportunista, fazendo com que o produtor tenha que manter a estabilidade da relação, para poder ter os benefícios oferecidos pela cooperativa e não arcar com taxas da retirada do café, percebendo também a falta de visão dos produtores quanto aos resultados futuros das compras com trocas de café. Ainda na prática do OBA, evidenciou-se a ocorrência de forma indireta, com informações sobre os custos dos produtores rurais, pelo programa EDUCAMPO, repassados à cooperativa. No comparativo das duas relações produtor-cooperativa e produtor-IOF, a prática da GCI é mais favorável nas cooperativas com os produtores, também no tipo de cadeia, contrariando a literatura que evidenciava essa relação ser mais democrática, sendo que, pela pesquisa, verificou-se ser mais tipificada do principal a familiar. Também nos ativos específicos, verificou-se que as cooperativas oferecem mais especificidades que as IOFs, a ponto de o produtor rural gerar uma fidelidade comercial de forma não exclusiva.Interorganizational relations in their more specific context of interorganizational cost management (IOCM) give participants difficulties regarding lack of confidence, how benefits will be shared, if information is truthful, among other problems. In the scope of interorganizational research, the competitive environment of Investor-owned Firms (IOFs) has been favored. In this context, the research on relations with cooperatives can favor both the literature of the IOCM and help in the agricultural cooperative segment that has lost products to IOFs of its members. In this view, the research aims to verify if and how to establish the IOCM configuration in cooperatives and IOFs of the coffee value chain, comparing them and relating the variables already discussed in the release of IOCM with the theoretical basis of the transation cost economics (TCE) approach of this thesis. The qualitative research was used, with individual semi-structured interviews with farmers, representatives of cooperatives and IOFs that commercialize coffee and have a direct relations, delimited geographically in the state of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. A pre-test was carried out, with a rural producer, a cooperative and an IOF, to validate interview questions. Subsequently, the analysis of similitude was performed by the software IRAMUTEQ, confirming the variables and opening the possibility of studying a new variable (commercial loyalty) not contemplated in the interorganizational literature. After the interview with the new questions, a total of 21 for producers and 21 for cooperatives and IOFs, transcribed, Atlas TI software was used for counting and the variations of the words conferring which were related to each one of the variables, in order to organize and do content analysis. As a result, it identified the relationship between the IOCM and TCE variables among them, given that the quality-functionality in the coffee field does not limit the price paid to the rural producer, which uses quality-functionality to increase the price and the future market to minimize uncertainty in oscillation of the market. It was perceived the practice of the OBA in the unilateral producer-cooperative relationship, with information about quality and production and also unilaterally, found that benefits, cooperation and (inter)-dependence occurred in this relationship. In the (inter)-dependence variable, it was noticed by the producers\' reports the use of the sale of inputs and storage in the cooperative in an opportunistic way, causing the producer to maintain the stability of the relationship, in order to have the benefits offered by cooperative and not to pay coffee withdrawal rates, noting also the lack of vision of the producers regarding the future results of purchases with coffee exchanges. Also in the OBA practice, the occurrence of an indirect form was evidenced, with information on the costs of the rural producers, through the EDUCAMPO program, passed on to the cooperative. In the comparison of the two producer-cooperative and producer-IOF relations, the practice of the IOCM is more favorable in cooperatives with producers, also in the type of chain, contrary to the literature that showed this relationship to be more democratic and by the research found to be more typified of the and the specific assets that the cooperatives offer more specificities than the IOFs, to the extent that the rural producer generates a commercial loyalty in a non-exclusive way.
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Brillois, Bertrand. "Successful start-ups & key success factors." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-735.
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Almost everyday we can read about or listen to the radio the creation of a new company, which is of course successfull and just started several months ago. One succeed but for how many other failures. In our everyday life we only know the companies which exist. We never consider all the high number of companies that have failed. In addition to that, by analyzing some cases, we can notice that some"good"companies, with good team, good concept can failed too. In order to understand the views that exist, one needs to elucidate this problem. The early stage of a new-created company is the most important phase of the firm´s life, according to the fact that it will determine the evolution of its whole structure, and therefore will deeply affect its future. All the more so a firm in order to be successful must be able to growth in the long run. With this thesis, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the key- success factors ofyoung companies. Therefore we will try to clarify issues concerning this early stage. In particular we will highlight and describe that the early development in a firm is a very important phase in its life. And to determine which factors must be take in consideration in order to avoid future difficulties.
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Brytting, Tomas. "Organizing in the small growing firm : a grounded theory approach." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics [Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.] (EFI), 1991. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/319.htm.
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Eric, Abrahamsson. "Growing Up : A study of a firm’s transition from entrepreneurial to well-established." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260758.
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Finding ways of creating job opportunities is a commonly discussed topic among policy makers, especially in the context of the struggling world economy. Studies have shown that small firms, in particular young high-growth firms greatly contribute to job creation (Barba 2014; Birch, 1987; Lawless, 2014). However, research show that there is a gap between the view scholars in the field of entrepreneurship has of measures of firm growth and how practitioners perceive the same (Achtenhagen et al., 2010). Connecting scholars understanding and view of growth to that of practitioners will be important to drive growth. Studies on firm growth do exist, however empirical studies on the changes during growth remain sparse. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the internal activities and processes that occur in a firm during growth. By investigating a firm on a micro-level, this study will contribute to the understanding of which activities take place in a firm when it goes from being small and entrepreneurial to become a well-established player. This thesis main contribution to research is the adding of empirical depth and understanding of the processes and activities taking place when a firm grows.
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Lehar, Adam. "Podnikatelský plán pro založení firmy Led Garden." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223888.
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This master’s thesis deals with the evaluation of the business plan to found a company for all seasons indoor growing of herbs and other plants under artificial lighting. For lighting will be used LED lights technology. Due this the name of the company will be named LED GARDEN. The thesis follows the current situation on the local market in order to evaluate the economic attractiveness of the project.
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Hänninen, Tuomas. "Silicon Oxynitride Thin Films Grown by Reactive HiPIMS." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123383.
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Amorphous silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) thin films were grown by reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering from a pure silicon target in Ar/N2O plasmas. The elemental composition of the films was shown to depend on the target surface conditions during the film deposition, as well as on the reactive gas flow rate. When the target was sputtered under poisoned surface conditions, the film composition was predominantly silicon oxide, whereas films deposited in the transition regime between poisoned and metallic target surface conditions showed higher nitrogen concentrations, as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). The different target surface conditions were identified based on the evolution of the target current waveforms upon variation of the deposition parameters. The average electron temperatures during the peak target current were determined by Langmuir probe measurements, to assist with the explanation of the observed target current behavior and target poisoning characteristics. The chemical composition of the films was shown to range from silicon-rich to effectively stoichiometric silicon oxynitrides, where no Si–Si contributions were found in the XPS Si 2p core level spectra. The film optical properties, the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k, were shown to depend on the film chemical bonding, with the effectively stoichiometric films displaying optical properties falling between those of SiO2 and Si3N4.
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Braun, Wolfgang. "Study of lead zirconate titanate films grown by MOCVD." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30420.
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Trinh, David Huy. "Nanocrystalline Alumina-Zirconia Thin Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköpings universitet, 2008. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2008/tek1153s.pdf.
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Weaver, David John. "A study of graphoepitaxially grown Al and Cu interconnects." Thesis, University of York, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265566.
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Akwani, Ikerionwu Asiegbu. "Structural and Photoelectron Emission Properties of Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Diamond Films." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279053/.
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The effects of methane (CH4), diborone (B2H6) and nitrogen (N2) concentrations on the structure and photoelectron emission properties of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polycrystalline diamond films were studied. The diamond films were grown on single-crystal Si substrates using the hot-tungsten filament CVD technique. Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the different forms of carbon in the films, and the fraction of sp3 carbon to sp3 plus sp2 carbon at the surface of the films, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface morphology of the films. The photoelectron emission properties were determined by measuring the energy distributions of photoemitted electrons using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and by measuring the photoelectric current as a function of incident photon energy.
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Da, Cunha Carlo Requiao. "Processing and characterization of contacts on MBE-grown gallium nitride." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1837.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 139 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-108).
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Ferguson, Andrew John. "Photophysical properties of organic thin films grown by vapour deposition." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420394.
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Luo, Xinhang. "Few-Layer MoS2 Thin Films Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417656899.
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Thorén, Kent. "Realizing a fast growth strategy - A case study of the evolution of management control systems in a fast growing firm." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Industrial Economics and Management, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1812.
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Growth has received considerable interest from researchersduring the past two decades. Some of this research focuses onorganizational issues as firms grow, proposing that thisprocess involves considerable formalization of structures,pro-cedures and systems. However, until recently, fewsubstantial research contri-butions have been made thatinvestigate the specific influence of growth on con-trol systemdevelopment. To address this gap in knowledge, this thesisexplores control system development in a fast-growing casefirm. Using a lever-of-control framework, it examines whichcontrol mechanisms that have been introduced, at what pointduring the growth process and why. This study also investigateshow these mechanisms were used during the period studied. Theempirical material was coll-ected through a number ofinterviews that were supplemented with internal docu-ments andobservations of organizational practice. In order to capturethe links between the control system changes and growth,special attention was paid to participants' intentions forthese changes. The focus on intentions is motivated by theassumption that participants' responses to their subjectiveperception of situ-ations are decisive for the emergence ofobservable organizational practices.
The findings illustrate the importance of including anddistinguishing between dif-ferent growth measures, since bothorganizational growth (number of employees) and business growth(sales and profit) influenced the patterns observed in thiscase. Furthermore, the intentions behind the investigatedchanges involve both the achievement of goals and the handlingof consequences of the two types of growth. More specifically,business growth was related to the introduction of diagnosticcontrol systems and the formalization of work processes. Thesechanges were in-itiated by high-level managers striving toenhance firm performance and reduce risks. Organizationalgrowth, on the other hand, was associated with systems forintegration that were primarily initiated by employees. Inparticular, the geographi-cal differentiation of sub-unitsseemed to be associated with problems concerning motivation,confusions and coordination, because of communicationdifficulties between units that are spatially separate. Theseproblems were solved by providing distant units with additionalchannels for rich information. However, the interpre-tation andprecise classification of organizational practices also dependon which group's perspective one considers, as severalpractices could be interpreted in alt-ernative ways. Forinstance, when primarily considering the managers' perspective,one of the integrating information channels mentioned abovecould also be inter-preted as an interactive controlmechanism.
The thesis also presents implications for theory andpractice and points out sev-eral promising areas for furtherresearch. Some findings highlight limitations in thetheoretical control framework and open for an extension of thelevers-of-control model. This case demonstrates that controlscan be used interactively not only to support innovation andstrategic maneuvering, but also for other purposes relevant tofirms operating in more stable environments that pursuestrategies with a relatively fixed business scope.
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Thorén, Kent. "Realizing a fast growth strategy : a case study of the evolution of management control systems in a fast growing firm /." Stockholm : Institutionen för industriell ekonomi och organisation, Tekniska högsk. : Arvinius, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1812.
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Kushwaha, Alpa. "Frequency dependent properties of modified CVD grown PbTiO₃ and La-doped PbTiO₃ thin films." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20832.
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Weigand, Christian Carl. "Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Thin Films Grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18268.
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ZnO nanostructures have received great attention during the past decade due to numerous potential applications. In order to enable the fabrication of functional devices, reproducible preparation of such nanostructures is necessary. Therefore, a good understanding of the fundamental processes involved in the formation of ZnO nanostructures is indispensable for improving the controllability of nanostructure growth. This work elucidates various aspects of the essential nucleation and growth mechanisms at work during the growth of ZnO nanostructures by catalyst-assisted pulsed laser deposition (PLD). ZnO nanowires and triangular nanosheets have been grown on sapphire substrates by Auassisted PLD. In a first study, the influence of thermal substrate pretreatments on the size and density of the ZnO nanostructures is investigated. It has been found that the presence of surface nucleation sites can compete with nucleation at the Au catalyst and lead to reduced nanostructure sizes and densities. Furthermore, it has been observed that the ZnO morphology switches from nanowires to triangular nanosheets upon increasing oxygen partial pressure in the growth chamber. Electron microscopy results indicates that the catalyst-nanowire growth interface plays an important role in this morphology change. Formation mechanisms of the two different nanostructure types are presented and possible links between oxygen pressure and morphology via growth kinetics and supersaturation considerations are discussed. Additionally, the epitaxial relationships between the two ZnO nanostructure types and sapphire substrates have been investigated in detail by combining x-ray pole figure measurements with both transmission and scanning electron microscope observations. ZnO nanowires growing tilted on c-plane sapphire showed an epitaxial alignment with a buried and inclined substrate plane. Two degenerate configurations have been identified for these tilted wires, promoted by equally low lattice mismatches. On a-plane sapphire, ZnO nanosheets and -wires show distinct differences in the epitaxial relationships with the substrate, indicating a direct correlation to the morphology. The findings about ZnO nanostructures presented in this thesis help to improve control over catalyst-assisted nanostructure growth techniques and provide a further step towards reproducible nanostructure fabrication. In a second part of the thesis, the electrical and optical properties of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films grown on GaAs substrates by PLD have been investigated. AZO is a promising candidate for substituting indium tin oxide as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic applications. The aim of the study is to assess the suitability of AZO as a transparent electrode shell around GaAs nanowire solar cells for direct charge carrier pathways. Furthermore, the portability of previously reported results obtained on transparent substrates such as glass or sapphire to the opaque GaAs substrate is discussed.
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Bayliss, Sallie Mary. "Characterisation of molecular thin films grown by organic molecular beam deposition." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249405.
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Zoppi, Guillaume. "Studies of CdTe thin films and solar cells grown by MOCVD." Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418834.
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Elofsson, Viktor. "Nanoscale structure forming processes : Metal thin films grown far-from-equilibrium." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nanodesign, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132895.
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Thin film growth from the vapor phase has for a long time intrigued researchers endeavouring to unravel and understand atomistic surface processes that govern film formation. Their motivation has not been purely scientific, but also driven by numerous applications where this understanding is paramount to knowledge-based design of novel film materials with tailored properties. Within the above framework, this thesis investigates growth of metal films on weakly bonding substrates, a combination of great relevance for applications concerning e.g., catalysis, graphene metallization and architectural glazing. When metal vapor condenses on weakly bonding substrates three dimensional islands nucleate, grow and coalesce prior to forming a continuous film. The combined effect of these initial growth stages on film formation and morphology evolution is studied using pulsed vapor fluxes for the model system Ag/SiO2. It is shown that the competition between island growth and coalescence completion determines structure evolution. The effect of the initial growth stages on film formation is also examined for the tilted columnar microstructure obtained when vapor arrives at an angle that deviates from the substrate surface normal. This is done using two metals with distinctly different nucleation behaviour, and the findings suggest that the column tilt angle is set by nucleation conditions in conjunction with shadowing of the vapor flux by adjacent islands. Vapor arriving at an angle can in addition result in films that exhibit preferred crystallographic orientations, both out-of-plane and in-plane. Their emergence is commonly described by an evolutionary growth model, which for some materials predict a double in-plane alignment that has not been observed experimentally. Here, an experiment is designed to replicate the model’s growth conditions, confirming the existence of double in-plane alignment. New and added film functionalities can further be unlocked by alloying. Properties are then largely set by chemistry and atomic arrangement, where the latter can be affected by thermodynamics, kinetics and vapor flux modulation. Their combined effect on atomic arrangement is here unravelled by presenting a research methodology that encompasses high resolution vapor flux modulation, nanoscale structure v vi probes and growth simulations. The methodology is deployed to study the immiscible Ag-Cu and miscible Ag-Au model systems, for which it is shown that capping of Cu by Ag atoms via near surface diffusion processes and rough morphology of the Ag-Au growth front are the decisive structure forming processes in each respective system. The results generated in this thesis are of relevance for tuning structure of metal films grown on weakly bonding substrates. They also indicate that improved growth models are required to accurately describe structure evolution and emergence of a preferred in-plane orientation in films where vapor arrives at an angle that deviates from the substrate surface normal. In addition, this thesis presents a methodology that can be used to identify and understand structure forming processes in multicomponent films, which may enable tailoring of atomic arrangement and related properties in technologically relevant material systems.
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Diaz, Javier. "Study of amorphous carbon thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10015.
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Le but de cette these est l'etude des parametres physiques qui font varier les proprietes electroniques et mecaniques des couches minces de carbone amorphe (a-c) evaporees par la technique de deposition par laser pulse (pld). Tout d'abord, on a fait des experiences pour connaitre le systeme experimental: on a etudie la composition du materiau evapore et la cinetique de deposition des particules sur la surface de si (111) 7x7. Cette derniere a ete observe a l'echelle atomique avec un microscope a effet tunnel dans l'ultra vide. Dans une deuxieme partie, on a caracterise les depots de a-c. Ces films ont une densite entre 2. 45 g/cm#3 et 2. 8 g/cm#3 et une durete jusqu'a 50 gpa. Ils sont semiconducteurs avec un gap optique de 0. 3 ev et une resistivite electrique de 10#5 cm. Ces proprietes sont degradees si l'energie cinetique des particules evaporees est diminuee. L'analyse physico-chimique de ces couches minces a ete faite en utilisant les spectroscopies de photoemission (xps et ups), d'absorption des rayons x (nexafs) et raman. Cette analyse revele que ces couches sont constituees par des atomes de carbone hybrides sp#2 et sp#3. La proportion des liaisons sp#3 par rapport aux liaisons sp#2 est de 40% pour les couches dures (45 gpa) et 25% pour les moins dures (22 gpa). Les resultats nexafs obtenus en detection d'electron et en fluorescence semblent indiquer un gradient de densite du materiau, celle-ci augmentant de la surface vers le volume. Finalement, la similitude observee entre les spectres raman de films de a-c avec des duretes semblables mais des gap optiques radicalement differents indiquent que la spectroscopie raman est plus sensible a l'organisation structurale qu'aux proprietes electroniques des depots de a-c
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Gomes, Marília de Sena. "The financial determinants of corporate cash holdings: evidence from growing firms." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2923.
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Holding cash is a matter of managerial discretion. High growing firms face a very dynamic market competition. To maintain their competitive advantages those firms have to devote capital to new investment projects. Because these firms face a higher degree of asymmetry about the value of assets in place and future growth opportunities, this study contends that the entrenchment effect becomes less significant between managers and shareholders. Hence, this paper examines the financial determinants of corporate cash holdings in a sample of 231 French IPOs firms over the period 2000 to 2007. By using dynamic estimators, the results show that growing firms keep considerably higher cash ratios comparing with mature firms. In line with trade-off theory, growing firms follow an optimal level of cash holdings. Moreover, the results show that the adjustment of cash levels to their target level is faster than those found in previous studies. This faster adjustment could be synonymous of a higher business complexity which results in less information transparency, greater likelihood of financial distress and higher financial constraints costs. Furthermore, for firms that are more likely to suffer financial constraints, that is with low credit rating or the absence of them, cash flows and net working capital are seen a valid substitute of cash. Overall, the findings confirm that cash holdings of French IPOs firms increase (decrease) as the growth options climb (fall).As empresas de forte crescimento são em geral empresas mais jovens, com um maior risco financeiro e um maior volume de activos intangíveis, sendo os seus fluxos de caixa instáveis. Estas empresas actuam em mercados muito competitivos e dinâmicos, quando comparadas com empresas que operam em mercados mais tradicionais. Para crescerem estas empresas empreendem avultados projectos de investigação e desenvolvimento (I&D), associados a processos produtivos de alta tecnologia e maior complexidade. O valor destas empresas é essencialmente determinado pelas suas oportunidades de crescimento, o que se traduz numa maior assimetria de informação e, consequentemente, num acesso aos mercados de capitais mais difícil, enfrentam por conseguinte mais constrangimentos financeiros, bem como maiores custos de falência. Neste contexto, para estas empresas a liquidez é um activo essencial na sua estrutura financeira, pois tal permite mitigar a dependência face aos fundos externos. Assim, este estudo sustenta que nestas empresas existe um maior alinhamento de interesses entre os gestores e os accionistas, uma vez que, os gestores são menos avessos ao risco e empreendem projectos que apesar de registarem um maior risco, revelam também maiores taxas de retorno para os accionistas. A literatura sobre cash holdings tem-se debruçado mais sobre empresas onde os problemas de free cash flow são mais pertinentes, isto é, empresas de maior dimensão e com ciclos de vida longos. Este estudo tem como objectivo principal preencher esta lacuna relativamente aos determinantes financeiros por detrás da decisão da alocação de dinheiro em empresas que registam um forte crescimento. Usando uma amostra de 231 empresas francesas que realizaram uma oferta pública de aquisição no período de 2000 a 2007, os resultados obtidos a partir de estimadores dinâmicos mostram que estas empresas detêm, em média, maiores rácios de liquidez comparativamente a empresas mais maduras e tradicionais. Os resultados também confirmam que estes tipos de empresas alocam maiores reservas de liquidez para empreenderam as opções de crescimento fazem parte do seu portfólio de investimento. A evidência empírica confirma ainda o comportamento dinâmico dos cash holdings nestas empresas e, consequentemente, a teoria do trade-off, pois o ajustamento para o nível óptimo de liquidez nestas empresas é mais rápido face aos resultados reportados em empresas tradicionais. Este ajustamento pode ser justificado pela complexidade do seu negócio, induzindo numa maior opacidade informacional e, consequentemente, maior probabilidade de incorrerem em dificuldades financeiras. Os resultados também confirmam que as empresas que enfrentam mais constrangimentos financeiros, isto é, com baixo rating de crédito ou ausência deste, detêm menores níveis de liquidez. Em síntese, os resultados mostram que o portfolio de projectos de investimento detidos por estas empresas afectam as decisões sobre o nível de liquidez a deter.
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ZHENG, FENG-NING, and 鄭楓寧. "Discussion on the Factors of Business Growing of Taiwan Firms in Cross-border Trade - The Case Study of Milk Powder Division of a Taiwan Firm." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89qmqe.
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碩士亞洲大學
EMBA高階經理碩士在職學位學程
107
Though our case, the milk powder division of a Taiwanese firm in the central Taichung, we explored the factors affecting the business growth of cross-border trade in the Mainland China. We collected the data from the professional experience, literature review, secondary data collections and experts’ interviews. The market in the Mainland China is highly competitive. The case company has their own rules to survive in the competitive market and also make a huge benefit through it. We have several findings. The first, the firms should not only have abilities to operate their own business, but also know the crisis management. Second, the regulation environment has changed rapidly in the Mainland China, how fast and sensitive to detect and response the environmental change is crucial for a company. At this point, the case company has ability to understand and analyze the environment outside of the company. Moreover, the company has to invest time and money to cultivate social capital in China. The case company already integrates up-and down-stream vendors, therefore, the company has platforms to promote and deliver their products. Third, how to protect the brand name of products and accumulate the goodwill of the company are also important. Finally, human capital is the last key to a successful company. Our experience and findings can be used as a reference for other companies.
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Yan, Jin Fu, and 顏進甫. "THE STUDY ON GROWING TITANIUM NITRIDE FILMS BY CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION AND THE GROWING MECHANISMS." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65761710311329564131.
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Chang, Ching-Yu, and 張靖郁. "A Study of Growing Nanocrystalline Diamond Films by In-situ Plasma Diagnosis of Chemical Species on MPJCVD System and Photoconductivity of As-grown Films." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63wdta.
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博士國立臺北科技大學
機電科技研究所
96
Plasma usually dominates the whole reaction mechanism in growing nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films during the CVD process. Therefore plasma species, such as CH, H2, Hα, C2, and Hβ, play extremely important roles in the process of NCD films growth. The properties of NCD films, such as electrical, physical, and surface characterization, depend strongly on the bonding of the film’s materials, while types of atomic bonds relate to plasma species and their concentrations. Therefore by diagnosing composition of plasma species in growing NCD films with in-situ plasma optical emission system (OES), the relationship between process parameters, plasma species, and film structure and properties can be understood simultaneously. This will be of great help to the stability of manufacturing process. This study accomplished the design and assembly of MPJCVD system, and employed Taguchi Method DOE to analyze the effect of process parameters in CH4 + H2 plasma on the properties of synthesized NCD films. NCD seeding nucleation can be used to obtain uniform and smooth (Rms = 27.06 nm) NCD films with high nucleation density of 4.4 x 1010 cm-2 and growth rate of 2.4 μm/hr. Next, plasma diagnosis technology is utilized to identify plasma species. Through combining the results of the analysis of NCD films characterization can be clearly defined the optical emission spectra and growth environments of CH4+H2 plasma, high Ar/CH4+H2 plasma, nitrogen-doped NCD films, and boron-doped NCD films. It is also discovered that the dopant of nitrogen and boron can effectively promote the conductivity of NCD films to 6.70 x 10-4 and 2.30 x 10-3 Ω-cm respectively. From the photoconductivity of NCD film UV-detector, it is discovered that excellent ohmic contact can be achieved by conducting 450℃ annealing treatment for Au/NCD films IDF electrode structure. And from the photoconductivity experiment of dark current and photo current can be calculated the mean current gain of G=33.4 and effective temporal response (2.1 s). It is thus proved that NCD films has reached the standard for application in ultraviolet detector and possesses the capability of detecting the intensity of ultraviolet source. In summary, this thesis makes an in-depth exploration of plasma’s role in the NCD films process. Plasma diagnosis technology is used to clarify the key mechanism and conception for plasma process and determine the pattern of thinking for the complete plasma synthesis of NCD films. Also the feasibility of NCD film’s application in ultraviolet detector is carried out in the hope that it provides reference for relevant research and experiment process.
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劉恕偉. "Vertical growing strategy – The case of a 3C peripheral firm." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31305454427644192694.
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碩士國立政治大學
經營管理碩士學程(EMBA)
100
In recent years, Smartphone, tablet PCs, notebooks, MP3 / 4, GPS, mobile TV, car information and entertainment system, Apple products and all kinds of handheld devices have vigorous growth which also promotes the development of peripheral industries. However, the 3C industry itself and the techniques are with great diversity. An OEM/ODM based company should use “Vertical Integration” as its growth strategy, which emphasize the importance of core technology and develop gradually different companies in a supply chain. The smiling curve proposed by Stan Shih would be the most important reference. Take 3C industry as example, the middle of the smiling curve is the function of OEM, which creates the minimum value; the creativity, services and design are located at the left side of the curve, and the right side are the marketing and branding. The middle of the curve is lower while both sides are higher; that’s why we named it “Smiling Curve”. We take 3C industry as example in this research. For 3C industry, the design, R&D and production will be the core competencies when developing up to the left side of the curve. These competencies include product design, plastic design, mold design, hardware design, electronics design, package design...etc. To build up these core competencies, establishing an own plant, taking the part of design then outsourcing the production, settling a new, independent business unit…etc could be directions when integrating the upstream of the industry. On the right side of the curve will be the development of brand. The spirit of the brand is to integrate the originality and the design, and to have the ability of marketing and planning the layout of the channels. However, the marketing management and channels management provide localized services, which means that different places or countries should well supported with marketing strategy, customer services and stocks. In the process of vertical integration mentioned above, in order to combine individuals and groups with different ability, to respond to the political and economic environments and to considerate the cultural divergence in different companies, the better way is to divide the different function group into an independent business unit or firm to ensure the synergistic effect and flexibility. Especially when building an own brand, to develop an independent company would be a better decision considering the concerns of the OEM/ODM customers. On the other hand, the headquarters should make overall arrangement to assure the synergistic effect of common value activities. All these are the challenge when using the vertical integration strategy.
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鄭恆餘. "Study of micro-diamond films fabrication and the impact of plasma sheath on growing diamond thin films." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46033305456491134696.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
91
In this study, the high complete diamond thin films have been successfully grown on silicon substrates by chemical vapor deposition with purified methane and hydrogen used as the reactants in a microwave plasma reactor, which was designed and set up by our group. In this process, the diamond grain size was observed in 1 to 2 μm by SEM observation, and the diamond nucleation densities in excess of 1012 cm-2 were obtained. Mentioned results would be helpful to synthesize nanocrystalline diamond in upcoming days. Beside, the influence of diamond films growth with the plasma sheath potential drop was discussed in this study. Results showed that due to the plasma sheath potential drop, the positive ions were driven to bombard the substrate or etch the films. This phenomenon made different quality of each growth region on silicon, wafer and the formed interlayer of silicon carbide. Because of the influence of plasma sheath potential drop, SiC layer formed, that induced the less mismatch of lattice constant. Results also suggest the nucleation of diamond thin films was boosted without adding other bias voltage
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Wu, Xiang-ming, and 吳祥銘. "Electron field emission application for growing diamond films by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x49fk5.
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碩士大同大學
電機工程學系(所)
107
In this study, we use the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system to grow the ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films. We change the gas flow rate and ratio,working,pressure,deposition time and metal substrate holder to investigate the effect of deposition conditions on the electron field emission (EFE) properties of the UNCD films the characteristic peaks of the UNCD films could be measured by Raman spectrometer. The scanning electrow microscope (SEM) was used to obtain the surface morphology and side view of the UNCD films. We also measure the surface conductivity of the UNCD films by Hall effect measurements. From the EFE measurements,the optimal grow conditions of UNCD films are gas flow rate (CH4：Ar) of 3：147 (sccm), microwave power of 1600 W, working pressure of 150 Torr with deposition time of 60 min and Mo substrate plate. The turn-on fielld and carrent density of the UNCD films are 2.4 V/μm and 270 μA/cm2 (at applied field of 8 V/μm), respectively
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Tsai, Chi-Ting, and 蔡季廷. "Exploration of new methods for growing Ag films on Au(111) studied by ARPES." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74037756711870230320.
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碩士國立中央大學
物理研究所
95
Thin film systems play important roles in technology industry and scientific investigation. However, preparing atomically flat thin films over a macroscopic region is not an easy thing. Our motivation is trying to find a new method for growing flat thin films over a macroscopic region. The system in our investigation we used is Ag/A2u(111) quantum well system. Electron confinement inside Ag films causes quantization of electronic energy states. We use angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to investigate the thickness variation of thin films. The method we adopted is low temperature deposition and annealing to near room temperature. In the low coverage case, it could use the surface state to resolve the thickness variation. However in the high coverage case, it must use quantum well states to resolve. The results of our experiments show that low temperature deposition and annealing process is a good way to prepare flat thin films. The photoelectron spectra at different temperature measured during the annealing process shows some interesting physical phenomenon. We have a physical model to explain this phenomenon.
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Yang, Fong-Rong, and 楊豐榮. "A Study of Growing Diamond Films with Controlled Orientation by Microwave Plasma Jet CVD System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ca4bhy.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
96
Resent years the interest in growing diamond using CVD method arises mainly due to its enormous potentials of material property and photoconductivity for numerous applications. For example the transparency of diamond to a wide range of electromagnetic spectrum makes it an ideal material for producing IR windows and optical coatings. One of the most important features of oriented diamond films are good dark I-V characteristics, C-f characteristics and photocurrent under steady-state X-ray excitation investigated at room temperature. The as-obtained (100)-oriented diamond films have lower concentrations of point and extended defects, thus are shown to possess better crystal quality than (111)-oriented or randomly oriented diamond films. The flat surfaces of (100)-oriented diamond films with closely-packed grains are smoother than those of (111)-oriented films.(100)-oriented thick diamond films with large grain size have higher thermal conductivity and crystal structures like nature diamonds. These uniformly (100)-oriented diamond films were prepared by microwave plasma jet chemical vapor deposition (MPJCVD) from gaseous mixtures of CH4-H2 system and CH4-H2-Ar-O2 system. In order to grow (100)-oriented diamond films on n-type (100) silicon substrates, it is necessary to control concentrations of methane, oxygen and argon in a plasma atmosphere and to control substrate temperature by adjusting microwave power and chamber pressure.
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Chen, Yi Yue, and 陳怡月. "Ta2O5 thin films grown by anodic oxidation." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54181434081856626082.
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Chia-Yuan, Yeh, and 葉佳元. "Pentacene films grown at various gas environment." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57429346566208272693.
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碩士國立成功大學
光電科學與工程研究所
93
Submicron thick pentacene films deposited by molecular beam epitaxy were grown at room temperature and characterized by use of X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy. Pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated on a n-type silicon substrate. From the analyses of X-ray diffraction, the structure of the highly ordered pentacene films, which deposited at nitrogen environment, includes only a single “thin-film phase”. However, the pentacene film formed at high vacuum environment without injecting any gas includes two phases- a “single-crystal phase” and a “thin-film phase”. In experiments, we found that grain sizes of pentacene films were various with gas environment. Comparison with high vaccum environment, grain size of pentacene film increases 50Å while the pentacene film grows at nitrogen environment. Improved field-effect mobility, in the range 0.2 ~ 0.3 cm2/Vs, was achieved in pentacene-based OTFTs grown at nitrogen environment. The grain size of the pentacene film grown at hydrogen environment is smaller than that deposited at nitrogen environment about 100 Å, so its field-effect mobility is also decreased about 80 times.
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Lin, Ching-Rong, and 林青蓉. "A Resource-Based View of Firm''s Growing Process :Building Corpo- ration in Kao-Hsiung." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96865137696640397977.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理研究所
82
This research takes resource-based view, and emphasizing that firms must manage resources well for growth --deployment, deve- lopment, substantiation, turning off risk. It observated building corporations by case study, and finding as follows: 1. The critical resources of corporation can be classify to four parts by its function: the capacity type, the customer type, the knowledge type, the culture type. 2.The methods of developing resource that be taken by firm will influence the mode of firm''s growth. 3.Ambiguity and specialization of resources will in- flunce the methods that resources be developed. 4.The nethods of substantiating resources are influnced by that the ways of deve- loping itself and the situations of depending on man or organ- ization. 5.When the stock of resources is too high, a firm will take some way to turn the risk off by the function of resources.
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"Growing Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin film solar cells with high efficiency and low production costs." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549502.
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銅銦鎵硒薄膜太陽能電池因為其高效率及相對低廉的成本，商業應用已經開始陸續出現。我們自主研發的集成式銅銦鎵硒薄膜電池生產系統可以全程製作襯底大小為10cm x 10cm 的電池及剃型組件。本研究工作主要分為兩個方向:第一個方向是研究及測試生長高效率太陽能電池及組件的具體條件。通過儀器改進及電池每層鍍膜的條件優化，能夠重複的生長高效率電池及組件; 第二個方向是通過減少銅銦鎵硒吸光習的厚度從而達到降低電池生產成本的目的。銅銦鎵硒採用三步共蒸法製備吸收層。第一步先蒸發銦、鎵、硒三種元素形成n型硒化銦(鎵)薄膜;第二步蒸發銅、硒形成銦鎵硒半導體薄膜; 第三步蒸發一層額外的型硒化銦(鎵)薄膜保證整體電池是p型半導體。三步期間的襯底溫度經過小心調試，以使得合適的鎵梯度能夠在吸收層裹形成。通過每一層的條件優化我們能夠生長出高光電轉換效率的太陽能電池(17%)及組件(12%)。
太陽能電池的變溫測試及弱光測試對瞭解其應用潛能存在非常重要的作用。通過多組對比實驗發現銅銦鎵硒電池的溫度係數可以通過增加鎵在吸收層的組分而得到改善。同時，電池的弱光表現可以通過減少銅的量得到很大的提高。STM 的研究發現弱光表現得到改善是因為吸收層顆粒介面電阻的增加而導致的。
減少吸收層的厚度有利於進一步減少太陽能電池的材料成本。當電池的吸收層厚度小於一微米時，開路電壓跟短路電流都明顯有所減少，從而導致太陽能電池效率降低。更薄電池效率的提高可以從兩個方面來實現:氧化鋅表面的陷光結構及更加合適的鎵含量的使用。通過這兩艇改進方法，電池效率被提高到14%以上，使得超薄電池有更好的應用前景。
Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS)-based thin film solar cell has been commercialized recently due to its high energy conversion efficiency. We have designed an integrated satellite deposition system for producing CIGS solar cell with substrate size of 10cm x 10cm. This work mainly contains two parts with first part focusing on growing and characterizing high quality baseline solar cells and solar modules and second part concentrating on further reducing the material costs by growing thinner absorber layer with high efficiency.
The most difficult part in growing high quality CIGS solar cells originate from the absorber layers which contain p-type chalcopyrite structures with four different elements: Cu, In, Ga and Se. The widely used three-stage process is employed to co-evaporate In, Ga and Se first, then Cu and Se are evaporated to form the chalcopyrite CIGS structure and additional In, Ga and Se are deposited in the end to ensure an overall Cu deficiency, which is important for getting p-type semiconductors. The substrate temperatures during these three stages are carefully adjusted to introduce proper gallium gradients which is important for collecting electrons efficiently. Together with optimizing other layers we are able to get cell efficiency (area around 0.5 cm²) over 17%. To produce CIGS mini-modules, laser scribing as well as mechanical scribing are employed for series interconnection of individual cells using monolithic integration. The power and speed of laser together with the condition of mechanical scriber are carefully adjusted to ensure a minimum dead area in the module. Module (area around 80 cm²) with efficiency over 12% is produced.
Solar cells were fabricated and tested under varied temperature and weak light conditions. Temperature coefficient is compared between CIGS solar cells and other types of solar cells. Temperature coefficient is improved a lot with higher gallium content in the absorber layer. Weak light performance is shown to be increased a lot when copper percentage is lowered down. In order to examine the origin of beneficial effects from Cu-poor absorber, solar cells are grown with comparable grain sizes using our technique and I-V performances are examined under STM in grain/atomic scale. Leakage current is found to be mainly originates from boundary area. CIGS solar cells with Cu-poor absorber benefit from the reduced leakage from boundary area.
CIGS solar cells with thinner absorber thickness are studied and compared with conventional CIGS solar cells. We have found that high conversion efficiency solar cells can be grown for absorber thickness as thin as 1.5μm. Further reduction in absorber thickness deteriorates solar cell performances in both V∝ and Jsc resulting in conversion efficiency as low as 11%.
Two major approaches are performed to improve solar cell performances. Light trapping by etching AZO top contact for creating pyramid-structures to enhance light scattering. Efficiency is increased by more than 1.5% for solar cells with etched AZO surfaces. Solar cells with efficiency larger than 13% can be grown by using AZO etching. Another approach is by using suitable Ga content in absorber layer. Solar cells with efficiency as high as 14.17% are grown which makes thinner CIGS solar cells very competitive.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Yang, Shihang = 高效率、低成本銅銦鎵硒薄膜太陽能電池的製造 / 楊世航.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-109).
Abstract also in Chinese.
Yang, Shihang = Gao xiao lu, di cheng ben tong yin jia xi bo mo tai yang neng dian chi de zhi zao / Yang Shihang.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction to Photovoltaics --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Energy crisis --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Physics of solar cells --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Light Absorption --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Charge Carrier Separation --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Solar Cell I-V Characteristics --- p.9
Chapter 1.3 --- Classifications of Solar Cells --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Crystalline silicon solar cell --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Thin film solar cells --- p.12
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Organic and polymer solar cells --- p.13
Chapter 1.4 --- Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) based Solar Cells --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.1 --- State of the art --- p.13
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Material properties and structures --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.3 --- CIGS advantages --- p.17
Chapter 2 --- Integrated CIGS deposition system and fabrication process optimization --- p.21
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction to vacuum deposition system --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Integrated CIGS solar cell deposition system --- p.21
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Ni-Al top grid evaporation system --- p.23
Chapter 2.2 --- Fabrication processes --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Substrate treatment --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Molybdenum back contact deposition --- p.24
Chapter 2.2.3 --- CIGS absorber layer formation --- p.26
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Hetero-junction formation --- p.31
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Window layer optimization --- p.32
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Laser and mechanical scribing for mini-modules fabrication --- p.37
Chapter 2.3 --- Equipment improvements --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Heating uniformity of substrate --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Use of pyrometer for improved control of absorber thickness/composition --- p.43
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Se cracking unit --- p.45
Chapter 2.4 --- Characterization of CIGS solar cells --- p.47
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Morphology, composition and crystallinity --- p.47
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Depth profile of CIGS --- p.49
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Electrical property measurements --- p.51
Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.54
Chapter 3 --- Performance of CIGS solar cells under non-standard test conditions --- p.56
Chapter 3.1 --- Temperature coefficient measurement of CIGS --- p.57
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Equipment set-up --- p.57
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Temperature coefficients for different types of solar cells . --- p.60
Chapter 3.1.3 --- CIGS solar cells with varied Ga/III composition --- p.65
Chapter 3.2 --- Weak Light Performance of CIGS --- p.69
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Introduction --- p.69
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Experiment --- p.72
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.73
Chapter 3.3 --- Conclusion --- p.81
Chapter 4 --- CIGS solar cells with lower fabrication cost --- p.83
Chapter 4.1 --- Fabrication cost analysis for commercial CIGS solar cells --- p.83
Chapter 4.2 --- Thinner CIGS absorber layer --- p.84
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Solar cell performances with different absorber thicknesses --- p.84
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Performance improvement for thinner solar cell --- p.87
Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion --- p.96
Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.98
Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of previous researches --- p.98
Chapter 5.2 --- Future work --- p.99
Bibliography --- p.101
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Ting, Jung-Chu, and 丁榮助. "Studies of Growing La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films on SrTiO3(110) substrate and Φ scan to analyze of X-ray." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74611391889672581415.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
電機工程學系碩士班
92
The target of this thesis is the La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO) film grow on the single crystal substrate of SrTiO3(110) with RF magnetron sputtering. This thesis also discusses the physics characteristics of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO) film under different external applied magnetic field and temperatures. We use the powder X-ray diffraction θ-2θ to analyze the structure of film crystal and to judge the growth direction of epitaxy vertical film surface. In addition, we utilize Φ scan to analyze the arrangement direction of film surface and its order. This thesis divides into three parts. First of all, the results are the growth of LSMO film and the crystal structure analysis on STO(110) and STO(001). Secondly, it shows that how the different growth temperatures affect on LSMO characteristics. At last, it contains the discussion of the differences. 1. We can grow the preferred single crystal structure of LSMO film on STO(110). 2. There must be certain growth tendency between growth temperature Tg and Curie’s temperature Tc under different growth temperatures. The higher the growth temperature is, the larger the surface roughness is. According to Scherrer Equation，it has the same result as the surface roughness because when the growth temperature is increased, the crystal is bigger. 3. The sample of LSMO film grows on STO(110) at 600 oC growth temperature and the external applied field is H=0.8 T. When it is under H//[1 0]、I//[001], Tm is lower than it is under H//[001]、I//[1 0].It can be discovered that the Magnetoresistance ratio in the direction of [1 0] is higher than that in the direction of [001].
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Lin, Hsin-Yueh, and 林欣玥. "Characteristics of ZnO films grown on GaN templates." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91895610402985772187.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
光機電整合工程所
95
In this study, ZnO films were deposited on GaN / (0001) sapphire substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD). Under certain experimental conditions, high optical quality ZnO films were achieved. ZnO films were grown using diethylzinc (DEZn) and high purity nitrous oxide (N2O) gas precursors carried by purified nitrogen (N2) as gas. Based upon θ-to-2θ X-ray diffraction data along with the images of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the ZnO films were observer to show c-axis preferred orientation. The experimental result indicated that the c-axis is preferred orientation of these ZnO films. The morphology and crystallinity of a ZnO film were found to change significantly by varying its buffer layer thickness or deposition temperature. In addition, buffer-layer annealing will help to improve the optical properties of the ZnO films.
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chen, song-sang, and 陳松昇. "Material Characterizations of Low temperature grown GaN films." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97843180680927010907.
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Jones, Clark David. "Response of Bachman's sparrows (Aimophila aestivalis) to growing-season prescribed fires in longleaf pine savannas of southern Georgia." 2008. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/jones%5Fclark%5Fd%5F200812%5Fms.
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ZHANG, SAN-RONG, and 張三榮. "Study of the dielectrics grown on Poly-Si films." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08062689074843028468.
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