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1
Zhu, Haibo. "Muscle Growth and Development in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Pigs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/72883.
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Intrauterine growth restriction causes impaired growth and development of mammalian fetus, and leads to long-term negative effect on postnatal growth. Among domestic animals, pigs exhibit the most severe naturally occurring IUGR and reduced postnatal muscle growth. The objectives of this research project were to: 1) determine muscle stem cell characteristics in IUGR pigs; 2) determine how intrauterine growth restriction alters protein deposition in skeletal muscle; 3) investigate whether branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are able to enhance protein synthesis in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pig muscle. Newborn piglets were considered normal body weight (NBWT) or IUGR when birth weight was within ± 0.5 SD and -2 SD of litter average respectively. Muscle satellite cell numbers, believed to be the major nuclei source for postnatal muscle growth, were lower in newborn IUGR pigs which could result in reduced muscle hypertrophy potential. In addition, cultures derived from IUGR muscle satellite cells had a lower fusion percentage. Fewer satellite cells and impaired differentiation ability may contributor to impaired muscle growth in these pigs. Protein synthesis rate was significantly lower in IUGR pig hindquarter in the first hour after feeding, but BCAA supplementation had no effect on protein synthesis in IUGR pigs. Further, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) expression is down regulated in IUGR pig muscle. These results suggest that impaired translation initiation may provide a plausible explanation for the lower protein synthesis rates observed in IUGR pigs. Overall, reduced muscle stem cell number and changes in their activity, as well as impaired translation initiation may be important explanations for compromised postnatal muscle growth in intrauterine growth restricted pigs.Ph. D.
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Grant, E. M. "Texture development during grain growth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373676.
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Griffin, Jacqueline Reedy. "Avian Muscle Growth and Development." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406934748.
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Ottman, Michael. "Small Grain Growth and Development." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147020.
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Silvertooth, J. C., E. R. Norton, and P. W. Brown. "Cotton Growth and Development Patterns." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210757.
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Summaries of cotton crop phenology, as a function of heat units (HU, 86/55°F limits) have been developed across a wide range of production conditions in Arizona. Basic phenological events such as the occurrence of pinhead squares, squares susceptible to pink bollworm, and first bloom are described in terms of HU accumulations since planting (HUAP). Fruit retention guidelines and height: node ratios, which measure a crop's vegetative /reproductive balance, are developed as a function of HUAP. Similarly, the rate of canopy closure is described in terms of HUAP. The use of the number of nodes above the top white bloom to the terminal (NAWB) is developed as a measure of a crops progression towards cut-out. Also, the expected ranges of HU's accumulated since planting that are required to accomplish crop cut-out are shown for Upland and Pima cotton.
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Pirlea, Ana Florina. "Economic growth and corruption." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1020.
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Kwon, O.-Sung. "Economic growth and the environment : the environmental kuznets curve and sustainable development in an endogenous growth model /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7467.
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BAMBI, Mauro. "Some essays in growth theory." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/7013.
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Defence date: 30 March 2007Examining Board: Prof. Omar Licandro, (EUI); Prof. Salvador Ortigueira, (EUI) ; Prof. Raouf Boucekkine, (Université Catholique de Louvain) ; Prof. Christian Ghiglino, (University of Essex)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis deals with economic growth theory. By growth theory I refer to that field of economic theory which studies through mathematical models, the mechanisms behind the growth of the main macroeconomic variables like capital, consumption and output. These economic mechanisms depend crucially on the set of hypothesis which the model is built on. Relax some of these assumptions, or change some of them, in order to increase the explicatory power of the model is one of the main objective of the theoretic macroeconomist.
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Sevastianova, Daria P. "Does conflict disrupt growth? evidence on sociopolitical variables in the empirical growth models /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Human, Karen Hannah. "The development of children's social growth through a subjective approach." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1441.
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Thesis (BTech (Surface Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010This research is inspired by my own personal experience and views on Post Modem family life and the negative effects it can have on a growing individual. I have found Post Modem family life fractured and non-communicative. I then look at my own tactics of how I have personally dealt with the fractured state and how this can benefit children that are at the beginning fazes of their emotional, physical and mental development. Growing up communication and consistency in my family has always been lacking, due to my parents business trips and strange working hours. This made me detached socially as a child and left me to my own devices. My coping mechanism was to illustrate. Whenever I felt disconnected or alone from my family members I illustrated. While illustrating I formed a dialogue between me and the paper and suddenly I did not feel so alone. When reflecting on my life I realized that I do not want other children to resort to these lonely pastimes of placing their imagination on paper. I want to create a range of products where the emphasis is on how family should stick together and the products must form a natural platform for communication between child and parent. I also feel my products must stimulate the imagination which is linked to the right side of the brain that steers social and emotional development. Theorists that I will for my research is Maria Montessori, she was the creator and founder of Montessori Schools and teachings. She focussed on the holistic development of the child. Rudolf Steiner is the creator and founder of the Wahldorf Schule and teachings. He believed in developing children imagination. We live in the Post-Modem era and to solidify that I will look at Jean-Francois Lyotard's theories on Post Modem sociology. Vygotsky is a Child development psychologist who believed that children's social development happens by interacting with their parents. Roger Sperry is a Brain Dominance Theorist that believed that the right side of the brain is connected to social development and to stimulate the right side is by using your imagination.
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Lundquist, Karl-Johan, and Lars-Olof Olander. "Growth cycles: transformation and regional development." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/2961/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2010_04.pdf.
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Departing from the renewed interest within economic history and neo-Schumpeterian perspectives on growth and economic transformation, we will suggest a theoretical framework
for analyzing long term regional economic growth and transformation. Emphasis will be given to different driving forces and their various roles over time, lead-lag relations between industries and how divergence and convergence between regions shift cyclically as
consequences of technological change, market integration and economic growth. We claim that systemic approaches in general have been neglected in regional science in favor of "neoregionalism" in the sense that the study of regional growth has been focusing for years on regional innovation systems and cluster theories without any regard to systemic relations at all.
Using detailed time series data and applying a systemic approach we will follow Swedish regions from the structural crises in the mid 1970s to the starting point of the present financial crises. Our results suggest that there are time lags as well as systemic spatial asymmetries
between industries and regions leading to changing patterns of divergence and convergence in the regional system. Furthermore, there are indications that the regional disparities between centre and periphery have increased compared to the situation in the mid 1970s.(author's abstract)Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
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Adnan, Noureen. "Financial development, economic growth and crises." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/770388/.
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The importance of financial markets in a globalised economy cannot be overstated. An obvious example is the 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers, the consequences of which were not just confined to the United States but spread to almost all developed economies in the world. On a daily basis movement in the world's stock, bond, commodity and currency markets can be affected by as diverse factors as a revision to the inflation rate in China, an unexpected European Union meeting on the Euro or the announcement of company earnings in the U.S. The link between financial markets and the real economy, the increased volatility in financial markets, and the repercussions of financial crises are issues of great interest to economic agents (policymakers, firms, households) around the world. However, they are of even greater significance to developing nations, as they try to raise their living standards. The research presented in this thesis aims to inform the discussion on the pertinence of financial development for economic growth. Following a brief introduction, Chapter 2 sets the scene by reviewing the neo- classical growth models and endogenous growth theory. The rationale for focusing v - on the role of financial development is discussed next followed by all evaluation of the empirical evidence. Chapter 3 concentrates on the measurement of financial de- velopment. Existing measures are examined and a new measure is introduced using the latest available data for the largest possible number of economies. The principal components methodology, which reduces the dimensionality of the data, is used for the construction of this new measure. This is then used to revisit the empirical relationship between financial development and growth in Chapter 4. The method- ology employed is that of least squares dummy variables (LSDV) estimation, and the issue of potential endogeneity is explored through the use of two-stage ordinary least squares (OLS) and generalised method of moments (GMM). Chapter 5 undertakes a large sample analysis to address the relationship between financial development, and the likelihood of financial crises and chapter 6 summaries the findings from this work and discusses limitations and possible extensions. VI.
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Dal, Colle Alessandra. "Essays on financial development and growth." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2012. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/14045/.
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McArthur, Jonh W. ""Essays on African Economic Growth Development"." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508380.
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Maria, J. "Root growth and development in cassava." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233490.
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Correia, LuiÌs P. "Essays on population, growth and development." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442204.
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Cavalcante, Anderson Tadeu Marques. "Regional financial development and economic growth." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610634.
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Elks, Catherine Elizabeth. "Genetic determinants of growth and development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609971.
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Venâncio, Sara Filipa Meixedo. "Does financial development promote economic growth?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6301.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraThis study investigates the relationship between financial development and economic growth, using two panel of 17 and 19 developed countries, covering the period from 1980 to 2011 and 2000 to 2011, respectively. This study includes variables that measure the development of the financial sector in order to explain the GDP per capita growth, using modified ordinary least squares, fixed and random effects estimations. The results indicate that domestic credit provided by banking sector and domestic credit to the private sector are (in most estimations) negatively correlated with growth. This may be explained by poor and inefficient credit allocation. The results also show that gross domestic savings and M2 play a significant role in economic growth. Moreover, the ratio non-performing loans/total loans is positively correlated with GDP, particularly for estimations where credit variables were excluded. Little evidence was found from the relationship between liquidity provided by the banking system and capital markets, and economic development.
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Stickland, Neil Charles. "Development and growth of skeletal muscle." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30012.
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The main body of this work contributes to an understanding of the development and growth of skeletal muscle in a range of Vertebrates from fish to pigs. Particular emphasis is paid to the contribution of numbers and types of muscle fibres to overall muscle growth and ultimate mass, and also to the mechanisms whereby factors such as nutrition in mammals and temperature in fish may affect these parameters. The work is divided into three main sections. The first section covers aspects of prenatal mammalian development including myogenesis and placentation. Muscle develops as two populations of muscle fibres. Primary myofibres form first and this is followed by the formation of a larger populations of secondary fibres. Restricting maternal nutrition may compromise the formation of secondary fibres but not primaries. Studies on the placenta and on levels of specific factors, e.g. insulin-like growth factors, has given some insight into the mechanism of nutritional effects on muscle fibre development. Nutritional experiments have highlighted energy levels in the earlier stages of gestation as most critical in the development of muscle fibre number. This finding has been developed in pig experiments which have shown that extra feed in early gestation can produce piglets with more secondary fibres at birth and which grow faster and more efficiently to slaughter. The second section incorporates work on postnatal mammalian muscle. Studies, on pigs in particular, have shown that primary fibre number relates more to genotype that does secondary fibre number. Total muscle fibre number correlates with some parameters of carcass leanness and with postnatal growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. The influence of factors such as nutrition, dwarfism, obesity and sex on aspects of muscle growth and muscle fibre types has been studied as well as the functional adaptation of muscle metabolism in different species. The third section includes work on fish muscle development and growth in a range of species.
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Gabe, Todd M. "Economic development incentives and enterprise growth /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488191124570567.
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Silvertooth, J. C., P. W. Brown, and J. E. Malcuit. "Cotton Crop Growth and Development Patterns." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/208631.
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Summaries of cotton crop phenology, as a function of heat units (HU, 86/55 °F limits) have been developed across a wide range of production conditions in Arizona. Optimum ranges of HU accumulations since 1 January are used to describe optimal planting dates for full season varieties. Basic events such as the occurrence of pinhead squares, squares susceptible to pink bollworm, and first bloom are described in terms of HU accumulations since planting. Fruit retention guidelines and height: node ratios measures a crop's vegetative/reproductive balance, are developed as a function of HUAP. The use of the number of nodes above the top white bloom to the terminal (NAWB) is developed as a measure of a crops progression towards cut-out. Also, the expected ranges of HU 's accumulated since planting that are required to accomplish crop cut-out are shown for three general maturity types of Upland cotton.
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Magrini, Samantha H. "Bone Growth: The Wake of the Growth Plate." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent162669258742215.
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Ross, Erin Sundseth. "Early growth faltering predicts longitudinal growth failure /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2007.
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Thesis (Ph.D. in Clinical Science) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-146). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Lo, Pang-yuen. "Early childhood growth patterns and adult health indicators." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38030603.
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Cinyabuguma, Matthias M. "Theories and empirics of economic growth /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174591.
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Geise, Aaron C. "Personal growth and personality development well-being and ego development /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5667.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 12, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Voitchovsky, Sarah. "Inequality and growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670079.
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Ni, Aimin. "Stock market activities, economic growth and firm growth : evidence from China." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16155.
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How important is the financial market for economic growth? It can be argued that from the supply perspective that a well-functioning stock market boosts economic growth by lowering the cost of the firm to access public funds for new investment opportunities to expand business and production. Another view suggests that from the demand perspective that stock markets create a wealth effect on consumption for economic growth. In turn, the growth induces more demand for financial services and so the growth of the stock market. Both the supply and the demand argument imply a positive relationship between the stock market and the economy. Exactly how the behaviour of investors in trading stocks on a stock market can affect the performance of the firm is unclear. The study of this question helps to understand how stock trading activities can affect manufacturing production and so the growth of an economy from the perspective of the micro structure of a market. China as the largest emerging economy in the world has experienced the fastest growth of the economy and rapid development of its stock market over the last 30 years. It provides us with an excellent case to study the question on how the momentum of paper trading of shares can be transmitted to the growth of industry and firms which is a determined part of a real economy. The thesis takes China to study the question in an attempt to discover the micro mechanism of transmission as its key contribution to the existing literature on the study of the stock market effect on economic growth. The thesis employs a fixed effects model to estimate longitudinal firm-level data comprising 2233 heterogeneous Chinese listed firms over the period 2005-2015. In our estimation, it finds how stronger stock-trading performance can induce an increase in external funding of the firm. It then shows how the improvement in a firm's financing ability will turn to improvements in inter-firm reallocations of resources towards the more productive firms. However, the presence of equity over-trading appears to hinder the growth of firm business, possibly because the negative externalities of the speculative trading outweigh the effect of the positive externalities, such as excessive volatility that creates high risk of stock investment. Overall, empirically, the thesis establishes a micro-economic structure of transmission from stock trading activities to the growth of the firm. The structure explains the importance of stock markets on economic growth from the supply perspective of an economy.
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Koch, Jill Marie. "Periconceptional treatment with growth hormone alters fetal growth and development in sheep." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5713.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 128 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Clayton, Jason Allen Faber James E. "Role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in collateral growth and development." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2111.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology." Discipline: Cell and Molecular Physiology; Department/School: Medicine.
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Wilson, R. Boyce. "Church growth by church division : a Mexican model for urban church growth /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.
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Wittkorn, Erika L. "Role of Growth Regulatory Pathways in Eye Development and Differentiation." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398812631.
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Boisvert, Catherine Anne. "Vertebral development and its development in modern salamanders." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80230.
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Vertebral development patterns have been well characterised in the Paleozoic "lepospondyls" and "labyrinthodonts", as well as in modern amniotes, frogs and caecilians. Each of those groups consistently develop either the neural arches before the centra or the centra before neural arches. Preliminary studies confirmed that members of the Urodela exhibit both developmental patterns. To understand if there is any consistency in patterns of vertebral development within and between families, as well as to investigate the distribution of patterns within the order, 120 salamander larvae from the ten living salamander families were cleared, stained and examined for osteological development. In order to provide a basis of comparison between different developmental stages observed in different families, a staging table was constructed. The complete osteological development of every cleared and stained specimen used in this study was then described. Finally, the general pattern of vertebral development was examined and characteristic patterns for each family were mapped on an accepted phylogeny of salamander relationships.
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Shuraki, Yahya Dehghani. "Pollen tube growth and fruit development of Pistacia." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5618.pdf.
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Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Bibliography: leaves 127-154. Pollination and fruit development were investigated in relation to abscission and abnormalities, specifically, blanking, semi-blanking, non-splitting and premature splitting of fruit. Pollen germination was assessed in Pistacia vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus. The pollen tube pathway in pistachio was documented precisely. Growth periods of normal and abnormal pistachio fruits were investigated.
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Chaudhry, Anita M. "Water and economic growth." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594493531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Shifa, Abdulaziz B. "Essays on Growth, Political Economy and Development." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89334.
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This thesis has three self-contained articles. Economic growth and trade in human capital: A salient empirical pattern in the East Asian “miracle” is a large increase in output and factor accumulation despite only a modest increase in TFP. I develop and calibrate a model of growth and catch-up to provide a possible explanation. A novel element of the model is a globalized education market allowing human capital transfer from frontier to developing economies – an assumption motivated by the experience of countries like Korea and Taiwan where domestic universities employed graduates of Western universities to provide advanced training. The political economy of urban bias in dictatorial regimes. In many developing countries, public resource allocation is often biased against the rural population – a policy that hurts the vast majority of the poor living in rural areas. This paper develops a dynamic political economy model of urban bias in a dictatorial regime. A novel result of the model is that urban bias can emerge in predominantly agrarian economies even if there is no bias in political power toward urban residents. The empirical evidence from a recently compiled country-level panel dataset on agricultural taxes/subsidies is consistent with the prediction of the model. Does agricultural growth cause manufacturing growth? Empirically assessing the impact of agricultural growth on manufacturing growth is challenging because of endogeneity concerns. This paper attempts to circumvent the identification challenge by using weather variations to instrument for agricultural growth. The IV estimations show that agricultural growth has a significant positive impact on manufacturing growth, and it is larger than the OLS estimates. I discuss the empirical implications for agricultural policies, efficiency of the manufacturing sector, and for the role of agricultural growth in Africa's industrialization.
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Cruz, González Bernabé Edgar. "Development Patterns in Multi-Sector Growth Models." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386517.
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Common patterns of structural change in the sectoral composition of production, consumption and labor force are observed across countries during the economic development process. These patterns of change consist mainly of a large shift of employment, production and consumption from agriculture to manufacturing, and then from manufacturing to the service sector. This process of structural transformation or structural change has been extensively documented. Empirical evidence shows that the decline in the employment share of agriculture and the increase in employment share of service is a systematic feature in both developed and developing countries.
In this regard, there is a growing literature that investigates the economic factors explaining both economic growth and structural change in a general equilibrium framework. Based on their assumptions on the structure of preferences and the sectoral production technologies, models of structural change are classified in two broad approaches: the demand and the supply explanations of structural change.
The demand-based explanation emphasizes the role of changes in the composition of the demand on structural change. In this branch of the literature, demand changes are based on the assumption of cross-sector differences in income-elasticity of the demand. Therefore, structural change is driven by the Engel law: as income rises, demand for agriculture goods decreases and less labor is demanded in the agriculture sector to produce goods. Thus, labor moves to those sectors that are facing an increasing demand for goods and services. Consequently, the shares of employment and value added in agriculture decrease as income increases, which is consistent with empirical evidence.
The supply-based explanation emphasizes the role of technological differences across sectors to explain structural transformations. In this branch of the literature, sectoral differences in the growth rates of total factor productivity (TFP), on the one hand, and sectoral differences in physical capital intensity, on the other hand, drive structural change. In the first case, when there are only sectoral differences in the pace of technological progress, less labor is required to produce goods in the progressive sectors (those sectors with the highest TFP growth rates) and labor moves from the progressive to the stagnant sectors (those sectors with the lowest TFP growth rates). In the second case, as capital deepening takes place, less labor is demanded to produce goods in the capital-intensive sectors and labor moves from these sectors to the labor-intensive ones.
This thesis contributes to the literature on economic growth and structural change by analyzing three novel mechanisms. The three self-contained chapters of this Thesis analyze the effects non-constant technological progress, human capital accumulation, and changes in the uses of time on structural change and their implications on economic growth.
The first chapter analyses the effect of technological adoption on structural change. The observed differences in the patterns of industrialization are explained based on sectoral differences in the adoption of technologies. This chapter makes to clear contributions to related literature. First, a technological adoption function is estimated at the sectoral level. Second, the equilibrium of a model of structural change with non-constant biased technological change is characterized. The comparison with the results obtained in the literature show that this model with adoption has a better performance in explaining the patterns of structural change.
The second chapter analyses the effect of human capital accumulation on the sectoral composition of employment. To this end, it develops a multisector growth model with human capital accumulation. The main contribution is to show that the initial imbalance between physical and human capital determines the patterns of structural change. The analysis of this chapter is challenging, which shows the huge capacity of Edgar to work with different growth models.
The third chapter analyses how the increase in leisure time contributes to explain the rise of the service sector. This chapter makes three contributions. First, using input-output data, it measures the size and evolution of the sector of recreational services. These are services consumed during the leisure time. It is shown that the increase in the time devoted to leisure is parallel to the increase in the consumption of recreational services. Second, a multisector exogenous growth model is used to show that taking into account the interaction between leisure and recreational services improves the performance of multisector growth models in explaining the patterns of structural change. Finally, this model is used to show that labor income taxes may explain cross-country differences in both leisure time and the sectoral composition of employment.
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Sankaran, Chandini. "Three essays in inequality, development, and growth /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Di, Pietro Bryan. "Development, growth, and electricity in East Asia." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4250.
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Ortiz-Fernandez, Salvador. "International trade, research and development and growth." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302409.
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McQuaid, N. "Reproduction, development and growth of Nephrops Norwegicos." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268413.
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Pascali, Luigi. "Essays in Growth, Development and International Trade." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2001.
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Thesis advisor: Fabio SchiantarelliThesis advisor: James Anderson
The thesis is composed of the following three distinct papers. 1.Banks and Development: Jewish Communities in the Italian Renaissance and Current Economic Performance Do banks affect long-term economic performance? I answer this question by relying on an historical development that occurred in Italian cities during the 15th century. A sudden change in the Catholic doctrine had driven the Jews toward money lending. Cities that were hosting Jewish communities developed complex banking institutions for two reasons: first, the Jews were the only people in Italy allowed to lend for a profit; second the Franciscan reaction to Jewish usury led to the creation of charity lending institutions that evolved into many of the current Italian banks. Using Jewish demography in 1450 as an instrument, I estimate large effects of current banking development on the income-per-capita of Italian cities. Additional firm-level analyses suggest that well-functioning local banks exert large effects on aggregate productivity by reallocating resources toward more efficient firms. Controlling for province effects, using additional historical data on Jewish demography and exploiting the expulsion of the Jews from the Spanish territories in Italy in 1541, I argue that my results are not driven by omitted institutional, cultural and geographical characteristics. In particular, I show that the difference in current income between cities that hosted Jewish communities and cities that did not exists only in those regions that were not Spanish territories in the 16th century. These difference-in-difference estimates suggest that the Jewish Diaspora can explain at least 10% of the current income gap between Northern and Southern Italy. 2. Contract Incompleteness, Globalization and Vertical Structure: an Empirical Analysis This paper studies the effects of international openness and contracting institutions on vertical integration. It first derives a number of predictions regarding the interactions between trade barriers, contracting costs, technology intensity, and the extent of vertical integration from a simple model with incomplete contracts. Then it investigates these predictions using a new dataset of over 14000 firms from 45 developing countries. Consistent with theory, the effect of technology intensity of domestic producers on their likelihood to vertically integrate is decreasing in the quality of domestic contracting institutions and in international openness. Contract enforcing costs are particularly high in developing countries and their effects on the vertical structure of technological intensive firms may have significant welfare costs. If improving domestic contracting institutions is not feasible an equivalent solution is to increase openness to international trade. This would discipline domestic suppliers reducing the need for vertical integration. 3. Productivity, Welfare and Reallocation: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence (joint with Susanto Basu, Fabio Schiantarelli and Luis Serven) We prove that in a closed economy without distortionary taxation, the welfare of a representative consumer is summarized to a first order by the current and expected future values of the Solow productivity residual in level and by the initial endowment of capital. The equivalence holds if the representative household maximizes utility while taking prices parametrically. This result justifies TFP as the right summary measure of welfare (even in situations where it does not properly measure technology) and makes it possible to calculate the contributions of disaggregated units (industries or firms) to aggregate welfare using readily available TFP data. We show how these results must be modified if the economy is open or if taxes are distortionary. We then compute firm and industry contributions to welfare for a set of European OECD countries (Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain), using industry-level (EU-KLEMS) and firm-level (Amadeus) data. After adding further assumptions about technology and market structure (firms minimize costs and face common factor prices), we show that welfare change can be decomposed into three components that reflect respectively technical change, aggregate distortions and allocative efficiency. Then, using the appropriate firm-level data, we assess the importance of each of these components as sources of welfare improvement in the same set of European countries
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Stacey, Adrian James. "Fungal growth : a mechanism for epidemic development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621921.
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van, Vliet Jolanda S. "Balancing body perception during growth and development." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kliniska vetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-123861.
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Among children and adolescents, the drive to be slender and the fear of being fat is a growing public health concern. This trend stands in contrast to the increasing prevalence of overweight reported worldwide. Both feeling too fat and being overweight are associated with physical, psychological and social health-related issues from a shortand long-term perspective. The aim of this thesis is to study body perception in relation to actual body size and the bodily changes that occur naturally during puberty. Another objective is to identify risk factors for overweight, overweight perception and unhealthy eating habits in childhood and adolescence. This thesis describes the prevalence of 1) perception of overweight, 2) overweight/obesity and 3) unhealthy eating habits in Finland and Sweden. We compare our results with the World Health Organization (WHO) Health Behaviour in Schoolchildren (HBSC) survey in 2001/2002 and 2009/2010. Our cross-sectional studies were performed on a female cohort of 11-18 year old girls in Finland and a cohort of boys and girls 7-17 years in Sweden. In both Finland and Sweden, the prevalence of overweight increased over time, especially among boys. Also perception of overweight increased over time – not just among girls, but also among boys. We found social inequality in overweight, particularly in boys in relation to maternal socioeconomic status. No social inequality, but age and gender differences were found in relation to perception of overweight, where girls older than 13 years showed the highest prevalence. Body perception among girls agreed better with international reference values for waist circumference (WC) than for body mass index (BMI). Breast development and acne increased the risk for overweight perception, particularly among non-overweight girls. Perception of overweight was the strongest risk factor for dieting and skipping breakfast in both boys and girls. These behaviours were more common among adolescents than among younger boys and girls. Skipping breakfast was related to unbalanced food consumption patterns in both sexes, but in a gender-specific way. We have shown that body perception during growth and development relates to a complex age- and gender-specific balance between body size, stage and timing of pubertal maturation, eating habits as well as parental and peer influences. From a broader perspective, improving adequate body perception entails optimising this balance by influencing one or more of the individual, societal and environmental factors that determine health outcomes among children and adolescents, tracking into adulthood.
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Tan, Bin. "Growth, financial development, market liquidity and risk." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8205.
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This thesis,firstly, studies the impact of financial liberalization and political instability on economic growth and quantitatively examines the relative importance of the identified underling reasons of Argentine riddle by using an innovative econometric methodology and unique data set: it presents power ARCH estimates for Argentina from 1896 to 2000. The main results show that the long-run effect of financial liberalization on economic growth is positive while the short-run effect is negative, albeit substantially smaller. The political instability effects are substantially larger in the short-run than in the long-run. We also investigate potential mechanisms for the effects of financial liberalization and political instability on economic growth: direct impact or happening through the variation of growth volatility. Our results also suggest that financial development, trade openness and political instability are the main factors to explain the Argentine decline. Furthermore, real business cycle variability - growth relationship and the link between inflation and its uncertainty are investigated by using monthly data of four Asian countries/regions (Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan) and parametric power ARCH methodology to proxy uncertainty. We fnd that more uncertainty about output leads to a higher rate of growth in three of the four countries/regions and the form of the uncertainty matters. Output growth reduces its uncertainty in all countries/regions via inflation uncertainty except Singapore. For all countries/regions, inflation significantly raises inflation uncertainty as predicted by Friedman. On the other hand, increased uncertainty affects inflation positively in Japan and Singapore, which support the Cukierman-Meltzer hypothesis. We find a negative sign for Taiwan which is in accordance with the Holland hypothesis when error term was normally distributed, however, this result is not statistically significant when the student-t distribution is applied. Interestingly, South Korea’s data reveals a positive sign initially, however, it turns around when a structural dummy is incorporated. This dramatic outcome in favour of the Holland hypothesis, and chimes in with Dueker and Kim (1999), who claim that the inflation was strictly controlled by the South Korean monetary authority. In addition, this thesis investigates two-way causal relationships between spread, volatility and volume in the FTSE100 stock index over the period from 1992 to 2004 by using bivariate AR-FI-GARCH model and multiple measurements of risk and spread. The measurements of the spread include relative bid-ask spread, effective bid-ask spread, the inventory cost component of the bid-ask spread and the information cost component of the bid-ask spread. Risk is proxied by two measurements of price volatility: the close-to-close volatility and the range-based volatility. We also take the impact of electronic trading into account. Our results suggest that the spread and volume are positively impacted by volatility simultaneously. In addition, both volatility and volume are negatively affected by the spread. Furthermore, we find that the inventory cost component of the spread has a negative effect on volatility, in contrast, the information component of the spread positively impacts volatility. These results support the argument that speculation generates volatility in the market and higher transaction costs bene t stability of the market.
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Deidda, Luca Gabriele. "Interaction between economic growth and financial development." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322050.
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The thesis consists of two parts. Part I investigates the interactive nature of the relationship between financial intermediation and economic growth. The main theoretical results are: a) financial intermediaries emerging as a consequence of agents' maximising behaviour at some critical level of economic development could have a negative impact on economic growth; b) the growth impact of financial institutions, i.e. financial intermediaries and stock markets, changes positively along the process of economic development; c) excessive financial intermediation might occur as a consequence of economic development; d) the co-evolution of credit markets, where financial intermediaries operate, and stock markets does not imply complementariness between the two elements of the financial sector; e) the emergence of a stock market might have an immediate detrimental effect on growth; f) the growth impact of the overall financial sector depends crucially upon the complementarity/substitutability relationship between stock markets and credit markets as sources of external finance. Part II, consists of two models which can be thought of as extensions of the material presented in Part 1. In the first, the impact of financial deepening in the context of a growth model where growth is driven by human capital accumulation is analysed. The result of this model is that, since financial transactions and training are substitutes as devices for intertemporal substitution of consumption, the availability of a technology for financial transactions might induce a negative growth effect. The second model deals with interregional trade in financial services. The outcome of this model is that, because of asymmetries in the incentives to trade in deposits and loans, free trade might have detrimental consequences for the regions whose financial sector is less efficient since local investment can be crowded out. The thesis establishes those propositions by theoretical reasoning and appropriate formal proofs.
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Kirby, Giles T. S. "Development of a growth factor delivery system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14123/.
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Bone repair is not always a spontaneous process. In some cases, intervention is required. This can involve the use of autograft but requires donor tissue. As a consequence there is a potential lack of material and donor site morbidity. Current alternatives are limited. There is a need for synthetic alternatives with a similar efficacy to autograft. Growth factors are currently being explored to address this need. A limiting factor to growth factor approaches are safety concerns and high costs. Both these problems stem from the fact that growth factors have short in vivo half lives and are administered at supraphysiological levels to maximise the duration of effect. There is a strong need for a growth factor delivery system that can maintain therapeutic doses and restrict administration to a specific location. This is currently limited by the fragile nature of growth factors. Microparticles were utilised. Microparticles were formed from poly(DL-lactic-coglycolic acid) with a poly(ethylene glycol) based plasticiser. This provided a method to modulate protein release based on the specific polymer formulation. Protein release was assessed with a model protein. The biological activities of released growth factors were assessed. Microparticles were fabricated for the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for release at time points conducive with osteogenic regeneration. A method was developed and validated to combine these microparticles with a suitable scaffold material. These composite scaffolds were developed with the intention of assessing controlled release of growth factors in a bone segmental defect. A method to fabricate microparticles with consistent size distributions and morphologies was developed. Formulations were tailored such that protein release from microparrticles could be from 2 days to 30 days. The biological activity of the released model protein was verified, as was the biological activity of released BMP-2. A method was devised to combine microparticles with a scaffold suitable for osteogenic regeneration of a segmental defect. This composite scaffold maintained a high level of porosity making it suitable for tissue ingress and growth factor diffusion. This study addresses key limitations to growth factor therapies. The sustained release of growth factors has the potential to mitigate dose-induced toxic effects as well as maintain therapeutic concentrations for longer periods. The nature of the delivery system delivers localised growth factors minimising the risk of systemic dosing leading to adverse reactions. This microparticle technology has potential in developmental research research as well as clinical therapies.
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Werner, Steffen. "Growth and Scaling during Development and Regeneration." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-208033.
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Life presents fascinating examples of self-organization and emergent phenomena. In multi-cellular organisms, a multitude of cells interact to form and maintain highly complex body plans. This requires reliable communication between cells on various length scales. First, there has to be the right number of cells to preserve the integrity of the body and its size. Second, there have to be the right types of cells at the right positions to result in a functional body layout. In this thesis, we investigate theoretical feedback mechanisms for both self-organized body plan patterning and size control. The thesis is inspired by the astonishing scaling and regeneration abilities of flatworms. These worms can perfectly regrow their entire body plan even from tiny amputation fragments like the tip of the tail. Moreover, they can grow and actively de-grow by more than a factor of 40 in length depending on feeding conditions, scaling up and down all body parts while maintaining their functionality. These capabilities prompt for remarkable physical mechanisms of pattern formation. First, we explore pattern scaling in mechanisms previously proposed to describe biological pattern formation. We systematically extract requirements for scaling and highlight the limitations of these previous models in their ability to account for growth and regeneration in flatworms. In particular, we discuss a prominent model for the spontaneous formation of biological patterns introduced by Alan Turing. We characterize the hierarchy of steady states of such a Turing mechanism and demonstrate that Turing patterns do not naturally scale. Second, we present a novel class of patterning mechanisms yielding entirely self-organized and self-scaling patterns. Our framework combines a Turing system with our derived principles of pattern scaling and thus captures essential features of body plan regeneration and scaling in flatworms. We deduce general signatures of pattern scaling using dynamical systems theory. These signatures are discussed in the context of experimental data. Next, we analyze shape and motility of flatworms. By monitoring worm motility, we can identify movement phenotypes upon gene knockout, reporting on patterning defects in the locomotory system. Furthermore, we adapt shape mode analysis to study 2D body deformations of wildtype worms, which enables us to characterize two main motility modes: a smooth gliding mode due to the beating of their cilia and an inchworming behavior based on muscle contractions. Additionally, we apply this technique to investigate shape variations between different flatworm species. With this approach, we aim at relating form and function in flatworms. Finally, we investigate the metabolic control of cell turnover and growth. We establish a protocol for accurate measurements of growth dynamics in flatworms. We discern three mechanisms of metabolic energy storage; theoretical descriptions thereof can explain the observed organism growth by rules on the cellular scale. From this, we derive specific predictions to be tested in future experiments. In a close collaboration with experimental biologists, we combine minimal theoretical descriptions with state-of-the-art experiments and data analysis. This allows us to identify generic principles of scalable body plan patterning and growth control in flatwormsDie belebte Natur bietet uns zahlreiche faszinierende Beispiele für die Phänomene von Selbstorganisation und Emergenz. In Vielzellern interagieren Millionen von Zellen miteinander und sind dadurch in der Lage komplexe Körperformen auszubilden und zu unterhalten. Dies verlangt nach einer zuverlässigen Kommunikation zwischen den Zellen auf verschiedenen Längenskalen. Einerseits ist stets eine bestimmte Zellanzahl erforderlich, sodass der Körper intakt bleibt und seine Größe erhält. Anderseits muss für einen funktionstüchtigen Körper aber auch der richtige Zelltyp an der richtigen Stelle zu finden sein. In der vorliegenden Dissertation untersuchen wir beide Aspekte, die Kontrolle von Wachstum sowie die selbstorganisierte Ausbildung des Körperbaus. Die Dissertation ist inspiriert von den erstaunlichen Skalierungs- und Regenerationsfähigkeiten von Plattwürmern. Diese Würmer können ihren Körper selbst aus winzigen abgetrennten Fragmenten -wie etwa der Schwanzspitze- komplett regenerieren. Darüberhinaus können sie auch, je nach Fütterungsbedingung, um mehr als das 40fache in der Länge wachsen oder schrumpfen und passen dabei alle Körperteile entsprechend an, wobei deren Funktionalität erhalten bleibt. Diese Fähigkeiten verlangen nach bemerkenswerten physikalischen Musterbildungsmechanismen. Zunächst untersuchen wir das Skalierungsverhalten von früheren Ansätzen zur Beschreibung biologischer Musterbildung. Wir leiten daraus Voraussetzung für das Skalieren ab und zeigen auf, dass die bekannten Modelle nur begrenzt auf Wachstum und Regeneration von Plattwürmern angewendet werden können. Insbesondere diskutieren wir ein wichtiges Modell für die spontane Entstehung von biologischen Strukturen, das von Alan Turing vorgeschlagen wurde. Wir charakterisieren die Hierarchie von stationären Zuständen solcher Turing Mechanismen und veranschaulichen, dass diese Turingmuster nicht ohne weiteres skalieren. Daraufhin präsentieren wir eine neuartige Klasse von Musterbildungsmechanismen, die vollständig selbstorgansierte und selbstskalierende Muster erzeugen. Unser Ansatz vereint ein Turing System mit den zuvor hergeleiteten Prinzipien für das Skalieren von Mustern und beschreibt dadurch wesentliche Aspekte der Regeneration und Skalierung von Plattwürmern. Mit Hilfe der Theorie dynamischer Systeme leiten wir allgemeine Merkmale von skalierenden Mustern ab, die wir im Hinblick auf experimentelle Daten diskutieren. Als nächstes analysieren wir Form und Fortbewegung der Würmer. Die Auswertung des Bewegungsverhaltens, nachdem einzelne Gene ausgeschaltet wurden, ermöglicht Rückschlüsse auf die Bedeutung dieser Gene für den Bewegungsapparat. Darüber hinaus wenden wir eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse auf die Verformungen des zweidimensionalen Wurmkörpers während der natürlichen Fortbewegung an. Damit sind wir in der Lage, zwei wichtige Fortbewegungsstrategien der Würmer zu charakterisieren: eine durch den Zilienschlag angetriebene gleichmässige Gleitbewegung und eine raupenartige Bewegung, die auf Muskelkontraktionen beruht. Zusätzlich wenden wir diese Analysetechnik auch an, um Unterschiede in der Gestalt von verschiedenen Plattwurmarten zu untersuchen. Grundsätzlich zielen alle diese Ansätze darauf ab, das Aussehen der Plattwürmer mit den damit verbundenen Funktionen verschiedener Körperteile in Beziehung zu setzen. Schlussendlich erforschen wir den Einfluss des Stoffwechsels auf den Zellaustausch und das Wachstum. Dazu etablieren wir Messungen der Wachstumsdynamik in Plattwürmern. Wir unterscheiden drei Mechanismen für das Speichern von Stoffwechselenergie, deren theoretische Beschreibung es uns ermöglicht, das beobachtete makroskopische Wachstum des Organismus mit dem Verhalten der einzelnen Zellen zu erklären. Basierend darauf leiten wir Vorhersagen ab, die nun experimentell getestet werden. In enger Zusammenarbeit mit Kollegen aus der experimentellen Biologie führen wir minimale theoretische Beschreibungen mit modernsten Experimenten und Analysetechniken zusammen. Dadurch sind wir in der Lage, Grundlagen sowohl der skalierbaren Ausbildung des Körperbaus als auch der Wachstumskontrolle bei Plattwürmern herauszuarbeiten
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Nili, Farhad. "Economic growth, development and exhaustible natural resources." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14160/.
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