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1
Jain, M., S. Tiwary, and R. Gadre. "Sorbitol-induced changes in various growth and biochemici parameters in maize." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 6 (2010): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/233/2009-pse.
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Treatment of maize seedlings with different concentrations of sorbitol decreased the rate of germination substantially. Root and shoot length was also reduced by sorbitol treatment, however, decrease in root length was lower than shoot length. Incubation of leaf segments from maize seedlings grown in continuous light with sorbitol decreased the fresh weight and increased the dry weight in a concentration-dependent manner. Sorbitol treatment also reduced the total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a as well as chlorophyll b; the decrease in chlorophyll 'b' being more prominent than chlorophyll 'a', however, carotenoid content was declined marginally. Supply of sorbitol decreased the protein and RNA content; however, proline content and in vivo nitrate reductase activity (NRA) were increased. The results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of sorbitol-induced stress on overall growth in maize. Amongst the biochemical parameters analysed, chlorophyll, protein and RNA contents were declined, while proline content and nitrate reductase activity were enhanced with sorbitol treatment.
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Kumar, K. N. Raja, A. Mani, G. Ravi Babu, and Ch Sujani Rao. "Influence of drip Fertigation on Maize Growth Parameters." Environment and Ecology 42, no. 2B (2024): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/qqni3292.
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Field experiment was conducted during kharif 2018, rabi 2018-19 and kharif 2019 at Dr. NTR College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh to study the influence of drip fertigation on maize growth parameters. The experiment was laid out in split plot design consisting of three irrigation levels (0.6 ETc (I1), 0.8 ETc (I2) and 1.0 ETc (I3)) and four nitrogen levels consisting of fertigation levels (80% RDN (N1), 100% RDN (N2), 120% RDN (N3) and Manual application (N4) on sandy clay loam soil. A drip fertigation system with venturi assembly was designed and fertigation date and quantity of nitrogen in each fertigation were calculated and applied. The results shown that, in all the seasons, the plant height at all the stages of observation, drip fertigation at 120% RDN (N3) recorded tallest plant height followed by N2, N4 and N1. The lowest days for maturity was observed in I1 treatment followed by I2 and I3 during kharif 2018. During rabi 2018-19, the lowest days for maturity was observed in I1 treatment followed by I2 and I3. During kharif 2019, the lowest days for maturity was observed in I1 treatment followed by I2 and I3.
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Kishore, A. Sai, D. Sreelatha, M. Malla Reddy, M. V. Nagesh Kumar, and T. Sukruth Kumar. "Assessing of Residual Legume Effect on Growth and Yield Parameters of rabi Maize under Irrigated Conditions." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 1 (2024): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i13823.
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An experiment was conducted to study the residual influence of preceding legumes and nitrogen levels on growth and yield parameters of rabi maize at Maize Research Centre, AgriculturalResearch Institute, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during kharif and rabi of 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with 18 treatments consisted of C1N1: groundnut100% RDN- maize, C1N2: groundnut75% RDN- maize, C2N1: soybean100% RDN- maize, C2N2: soybean75% RDN- maize, C3N1: greengram100% : greengram100% RDN- maize, C3N2: greengram75% RDN- maize as main-plots and 3 subplots viz.100% RDN, 125% RDN, 150% RDN (kharif and rabi respectively) during twoyears of study. Among the different cropping systems, the preceding kharif greengram with 100% RDN on rabi zero-till maize showed higher growth interms i.e. plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD reading) at 30 DAS, cob length, cob girth and yield in both years. However, with respect to nitrogen levels, application of 150% RDN to rabi maize showed significantly higher growth and yield followed by 125% RDN and lowest was seen in 100% RDN in rabi respectively. On the other hand, the interaction effect with the preceding legume residues on succeeding rabi maize with addition of varied nitrogen levels was found non-significant in 2021-22 and 2022-23.
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Sunday, Kenneth Igbang, Fidelis Bekeh Ada, and Stephen Ncha Ochang. "Influence of including maize offal in diets on growth, carcass composition and economics of Clarias gariepinus." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 14, no. 3 (2021): 027–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4656088.
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Aiming at finding cheaper and still efficient feed for aquaculture species 56 days feeding trial was conducted on African catfish (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>) post fingerlings, fed on five diets with a 40% crude protein target in which maize was replaced with maize offal meal at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% respectively. Ten fish each were stocked in a plastic aquarium tank containing 20 L of water. The fish were fed at 5% body weight divided into two rations ginen at the hours of 8-8:30 am and 5-5:30pm. Growth parameters showed increase with increase in maize offal based diets, with observed weight gains of 72.42, 79.00, 95.92, 130.83 and 65.83 for diets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively. Feed conversion ratio (recorded best in 75% maize offal based diet substitution, while the poorest was recorded at 25% maize offal diet replacement, followed by the control diet (100% maize diet). 75% maize offal replacement recorded the highest specific growth rate (p<0.05).There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the ash content, crude fiber and energy level in the fish carcass. The cost of feed used throughout the experimental period was not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the increasing level of maize offal as a replacement for maize in the diets, as the costs were comparable. However, this study reveals that maize offal meal can successfully replaced maize up to 75% in the diet of <em>Clarias gariepinus</em> post fingerlings without adverse effect on growth, carcass composition and economics.
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Berzsenyi, Z. "Use of growth analysis to describe the N fertiliser responses of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 58, Supplement 1 (2010): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.58.2010.suppl.1.14.
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Using the classical and functional methods of growth analysis, the effect of mineral N fertiliser (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha −1 ) on the dynamics of growth and growth parameters was studied in 2001 and 2002 in a two-factorial, long-term experiment set up in a split-plot design on three maize hybrids with different genotypes, Mv 272 (FAO 280), Mv 355 (FAO 390) and Maraton (FAO 450). The following growth parameters were calculated to characterise the effect of N fertiliser: the absolute growth rate (AGR, ALGR), the relative growth rate (RGR), the leaf area index (LAI), the net assimilation rate (NAR) and the harvest index (HI).Similar tendencies were found for the yield response of maize and the values of the growth parameters as a function of N fertilisation. Based on the results of principal component analysis, multiple regression analysis and discriminant analysis, the parameters AGR, LAI max , ALGR and HI were found to have a decisive influence on the grain yield of maize. It could be concluded from the results that growth parameters can be used to predict the N fertiliser responses of maize in early growth stages.
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Matsui, Naohiro, Koji Nakata, Chisambi Cornelius, and Moyo Macdonald. "Diagnosing Maize Growth for Determination of Optimum Fertilizer Application Time in Northern Malawi." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 5 (2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n5p50.
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<p>Plant diagnosis was proven to be useful for predicting maize growth condition. The number of days to male flowering and that to silk emergence differed among the four sites, reflecting differences in growth condition. Maize stalk weight decreased when the number of days to male flowering exceeded 65. Two growth indexes (GIs), plant height and stem diameter, well predicted maize fresh weight as expressed by the equation: Fresh weight = -0.013 + 1.26 × (Plant height × Stem diameter) (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.57). Those two parameters changed with the growth stage according to the maize growth condition. GI monitoring revealed that week 4 (W4) or week 8 (W8) after germination was the determinant of overall maize growth. Leaf color also changed in the course of growth; leaf color at W4 was the best indicator of maize grain yield. Such plant diagnosis parameters as GI and leaf color are useful for the determination of optimum fertilizer application time.</p>
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Dhongade, Pratiksha, D. G. Kanwade, V. V. Gawande, and T. H. Rathod. "Growth parameters, Biochemical and yield characterisation of maize inbred lines." Plant Science Archives 7, no. 1 (2022): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.51470/psa.2022.7.1.04.
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The present study, titled Morpho-physiological Characterization of Inbred Lines in Maize, was conducted during the Rabi season of 2019-20 at the Agricultural Research Station, Buldana. The experiment followed a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications, evaluating eleven maize inbred lines: BMI-6-2-2, BMI-28-1, BMI-34-3, BMI-23-1, BVM-21-1, MGT-53-2-1, MGT-53-36, MGT-53-23, MGT-53-24-4, V1543-6-12, and V1551-15. Sowing was performed on December 21, 2019, using the dibbling method, with a spacing of 60 × 20 cm. Standard agronomic practices, including the recommended NPK dose of 120:60:40 kg/ha, were adopted. Growth parameters were measured at 30, 60, and at harvest stages, while biochemical parameters were evaluated at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). Yield and yield attributes were recorded at harvest. Among the inbred lines, MGT-53-2-1 exhibited significantly superior performance in growth parameters, including crop growth rate (g/day), relative growth rate (g/g/day), and net assimilation rate (g/dm²/day). The line also demonstrated the highest chlorophyll content index (SPAD values), grain yield (g/plant), and harvest index (%). Furthermore, inbred lines MGT-53-2-1 and MGT-53-24-4 excelled in biochemical traits and yield attributes, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of MGT-53-2-1 and MGT-53-24-4 for improving key morphological, physiological, and yield traits in maize. The superior inbred lines identified in this study can be utilized in future breeding programs aimed at enhancing maize productivity and performance.
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Yin, Qi, Xingjiao Yu, Zelong Li, et al. "Estimating Summer Maize Biomass by Integrating UAV Multispectral Imagery with Crop Physiological Parameters." Plants 13, no. 21 (2024): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13213070.
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The aboveground biomass (AGB) of summer maize is an important indicator for assessing crop growth status and predicting yield, playing a significant role in agricultural management and decision-making. Traditional on-site measurements of AGB are limited, due to low efficiency and a lack of spatial information. The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology in agriculture offers a rapid and cost-effective method for obtaining crop growth information, but currently, the prediction accuracy of summer maize AGB based on UAVs is limited. This study focuses on the entire growth period of summer maize. Multispectral images of six key growth stages of maize were captured using a DJI Phantom 4 Pro, and color indices and elevation data (DEM) were extracted from these growth stage images. Combining measured data such as summer maize AGB and plant height, which were collected on the ground, and based on the three machine learning algorithms of partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and long short-term memory (LSTM), an input feature analysis of PH was carried out, and a prediction model of summer maize AGB was constructed. The results show that: (1) using unmanned aerial vehicle spectral data (CIS) alone to predict the biomass of summer maize has relatively poor prediction accuracy. Among the three models, the LSTM (CIS) model has the best simulation effect, with a coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.516 to 0.649. The R2 of the RF (CIS) model is 0.446–0.537. The R2 of the PLSR (CIS) model is 0.323–0.401. (2) After adding plant height (PH) data, the accuracy and stability of model prediction significantly improved. R2 increased by about 25%, and both RMSE and NRSME decreased by about 20%. Among the three prediction models, the LSTM (PH + CIS) model had the best performance, with R2 = 0.744, root mean square error (RSME) = 4.833 g, and normalized root mean square error (NRSME) = 0.107. Compared to using only color indices (CIS) as the model input, adding plant height (PH) significantly enhances the prediction effect of AGB (aboveground biomass) prediction in key growth periods of summer maize. This method can serve as a reference for the precise monitoring of crop biomass status through remote sensing with unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Biradar, D. P., D. G. Bullock, and A. Lane Rayburn. "Nuclear DNA amount, growth, and yield parameters in maize." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88, no. 5 (1994): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01240918.
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Best-Ordinioha, Joyce Chinyere, Anthony E. Ataga, and Edache B. Ochekwu. "The Effect of the Application of Different Rates of Herbicides on the Growth and Yield Component of Zea mays L." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 7, no. 1 (2017): 032–38. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2017.1.110716202.
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Background: Weeds are responsible for low crop yield, and responsible for the large gap between the potential and actual yield per hectare. The traditional manual method of weed control in Nigeria has become very difficult and expensive, because of the cost of hiring labor, particularly during the peak cropping period, due to increasing rural-urban migration. This has encouraged the use of herbicides in weed control, even by untrained illiterate farmers, hence the need to assess the effects of the use on yield. This study assessed the effects of the application of different concentration of herbicides on the growth and yield of maize, cultivated in succeeding years. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in a plot of land at the University of Port-Harcourt in 2013 and 2014, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates, and plot size of 2m x 2m. Glyphosate was used to prepare the experimental plots, while different application doses of primextra dual gold (atrazine and metolachlor) were applied to the plots, after planting the maize. The control plot was not treated with the herbicides. The growth and yield parameters of the maize planted in the plots were assessed through the physio-chemical characteristics of the soil, the germination count, leaf count, height of maize plant, and the yield of maize at harvest. Results: The application of the herbicides resulted in improvements in the growth and yield parameters of the maize. The parameters in the plots in which the herbicides had been applied at or below the manufacturer’s recommended dose (2.11ai/ha) were comparable to those of the control; and then significantly decreased in the plots in which the herbicides were applied in overdose. The parameters were also higher in the first phase of the study, compared to the second phase that took place one year later in the same plots. There was also a reduction in the organic matter and exchangeable minerals content of the soil in the second phase of the study. Conclusion: The application of herbicides for weed control, up to their recommended doses resulted in a one-off improvement in the growth and yield parameters of the cultivated maize crop. Efforts are therefore needed to properly educate farmers.
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KKA, Alate, Mawussi G, Ayisah KD, and Sanda K. "Response of maize (Zea mays L.) ikenne variety to application of household urban solid wastes compost." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 10, no. 1 (2020): 97–101. https://doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v10i1.48100.
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Soils fertility declining limits agricultural production in Togo where maize (Zea mays L.) is most cereal cropping and base staple food. Currently, mineral fertilizers are beyond the reach of farmers due to high price and limited availability. This study assessed the response of household urban wastes compost to the growth and yield of maize Ikenne variety. Experiments were performed in rainy season of years 2018 and 2019 at Teaching Research and Demonstration Farm of Agronomy School in University of Lome, Togo. Agronomic trials were set at randomized in complete block design with three replications, where control plots, compost plots at different doses and mineral fertilizers plots constituted the treatments. The growth parameters, including plant height, stem girth, leaf area and number of leaves per plant, were measured at the milky maize stage. The yield parameters, including length and girth of cob, thousand grains weight, grain yield and straw yield, were collected at harvesting. Data were statistically analyzed. The results showed three distinct homogeneous groups of treatments both for growth and yield parameters. Plots treated with compost at 30 t ha-1 and 40 t ha-1 constitute the best group, which differs significantly from the second group formed by plots treated with compost at 10 t ha-1 and 20 t ha-1 and mineral fertilizer plots. Control treatments constitute the last group. Growth and yield parameters values increase with compost dose. Far from being used alone in place of mineral conventional fertilizer, integrated fertilization based on combination of mineral fertilizer and compost of household urban wastes will investigated in maize cropping in southern Togo for optimal compost dose to recommend.
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Poudel, Rashmi. "EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF ZEA MAYS- A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW." Agribusiness Management In Developing Nations 1, no. 2 (2023): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/amdn.02.2023.72.75.
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Maize serves as an important food source for human and livestock populations and its demand is heightening in response to the ever-increasing global population. Maize uses a total of 350-450 mm of water during its lifetime to complete its growth and development. However, as a result of global climate change and increased human activity, a significant portion of the Earth’s land is suffering from drought, leading to frequent periods of dryness that hamper the production of maize. This review article recounts the consequences of imposing moisture stress on various developmental stages, phenology, morphology, harvest, and yield-attributing characteristics of the maize crop. To form this review article, research papers expatiating on the consequences faced by maize crops in response to moisture stress were retrieved to gain a thorough understanding of the subject. Drought stress affected both vegetative and reproductive growth stages of the maize plant with significant alterations in seed germination, biomass accumulation, days to anthesis and silking, pollen number, kernel number, kernel weight, grain yield, nutrient uptake, and soluble proteins. The result has shown a decline in the yield of maize by 70% in response to moisture stress imposed by drought conditions. The development of drought-resistant lines and irrigation facilities is thus expected to salvage crops and farmers from an impending crisis of drought spells brought about by climate change.
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Su, Yuchen, Ran Li, Miao Wang, et al. "Measurement of Maize Leaf Phenotypic Parameters Based on 3D Point Cloud." Sensors 25, no. 9 (2025): 2854. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092854.
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Plant height (PH), leaf width (LW), and leaf angle (LA) are critical phenotypic parameters in maize that reliably indicate plant growth status, lodging resistance, and yield potential. While various lidar-based methods have been developed for acquiring these parameters, existing approaches face limitations, including low automation, prolonged measurement duration, and weak environmental interference resistance. This study proposes a novel estimation method for maize PH, LW, and LA based on point cloud projection. The methodology comprises four key stages. First, 3D point cloud data of maize plants are acquired during middle–late growth stages using lidar sensors. Second, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is employed for point cloud registration to enhance plant morphological features, resulting in spliced maize point clouds. Third, filtering techniques remove background noise and weeds, followed by a combined point cloud projection and Euclidean clustering approach for stem–leaf segmentation. Finally, PH is determined by calculating vertical distance from plant apex to base, LW is measured through linear fitting of leaf midveins with perpendicular line intersections on projected contours, and LA is derived from plant skeleton diagrams constructed via linear fitting to identify stem apex, stem–leaf junctions, and midrib points. Field validation demonstrated that the method achieves 99%, 86%, and 97% accuracy for PH, LW, and LA estimation, respectively, enabling rapid automated measurement during critical growth phases and providing an efficient solution for maize cultivation automation.
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B, Nandhini Devi, and Chitdeshwari T. "Studies on Plant Growth and Gas Exchange Parameters of Maize Hybrids under Saline Water Irrigation on Alfisol." Madras Agricultural Journal 103, December (2016): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.001044.
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Salinization of cultivated land is increasing globally due to saline water irrigation and inherent soil salinity. A considerable variation in salinity tolerance of maize hybrids was reported widely hence selection of tolerant maize hybrids to saline water irrigation is of great significance in utilising saline water for irrigation. The present study was conducted to identify the maize hybrids tolerant to saline water irrigation under green house condition. Six maize hybrids were chosen and irrigated with saline water having varied inherent salinity levels (0.6, 3.2, 4.8, 6.7 and 8.9 dS m-1 ) and grown on Alfisol for 30 days. Plant growth attributes and gas exchange parameters were recorded on 30 day after sowing and significant variations were observed among the genotypes for different salinity levels. Increasing levels of irrigation water salinity decreased the plant growth attributes, photosynthetic activity and dry matter production of all maize hybrids. However, TNAU Maize hybrid CO 6 registered higher dry matter production and photosynthetic activity with better stress tolerance index (76.8%). All the maize hybrids tolerated the irrigation water salinity upto 3.2 dS m-1 while TNAU maize hybrid CO 6 thrives well even upto 4.8 dS m-1 , which indicated its efficiency to tolerate water salinity.
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Motlatsi, Eric Morojele, Francina Setipe Mpolokeng, and Stanislaus Motake Motanyane. "The Effects of Different Seed Priming Chemicals on Germination and Seedling Growth Rate of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Lesotho." International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 11, no. 5 (2025): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15552125.
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<strong>Abstract</strong><strong>—</strong> Maize is grown widely in Lesotho as a staple crop for the nation and is accepted in cultural dishes. Its productivity is low necessitating importation from neighboring South Africa. Low productivity is attributed to low germination rate and poor stand in the field. The objective of the study is to identify the most potent chemical compounds that enhance high germination and seedling growth rate of maize. The study was conducted at the National University of Lesotho domiciled in Maseru, Lesotho. The experiment was performed in the laboratory of Department of Crop Science. Complete Randomized Design with PANNAR Seed Company maize cultivar of PAN 12 and four priming chemical compounds varied in amounts and duration immersed in the solutions. Chemical compounds were Indole Butyric Acid, Calcium chloride, Sodium chloride and Copper sulphate, while distilled water was control. Seed germination and seedlings parameters measured were germination rate, germination percentage, germination index, radical length, plumule length, plumule fresh weight and dry weight, radical fresh weight and dry weight, and coleoptile length. Data from parameters were subjected to perform Analysis of Variance and least significant differences. Results showed no significant difference among concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid on all parameters. Three other chemical compounds revealed significant to highly significant differences. Priming maize seed with Calcium chloride for a duration of 18hrs to 24hrs increased seed germination and seedling growth rate significantly. Similarly, varying concentrations of Calcium chloride compound used showed significantly different responses on measured parameters of maize seed. Moreover, results on copper sulphate indicated that the higher the concentration of copper sulphate<sub>,</sub> the lower the maize seed germination and seedling growth rate. In conclusion, maize seed primed with water generated better results compared Sodium chloride, Calcium chloride and Copper sulphate based on sequence of potency.
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Mahat, Bhimsen, Bijaya Upadhayay, and Ajay Poudel. "EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN DOSE ON GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERESTICS OF HYBRID MAIZE (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES AT SUNDARBAZAR, LAMJUNG." Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 7, no. 2 (2023): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjsa.02.2023.65.71.
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This research aimed to determine the best combination of nitrogen levels and hybrid varieties for optimal growth and yield of hybrid maize in Sundar bazar municipality, Lamjung, Nepal. The study used a two-factor factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 12 treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of two hybrid maize varieties (Rampur Hybrid-10 and CP 808) and six different levels of nitrogen doses (control, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 kg N ha-1). The results showed that the growth and yield parameters of hybrid maize varieties increased significantly with increasing nitrogen levels. The application of nitrogen at the rate of 240 kg N ha-1 produced the highest plant height, number of leaves, leaf area index (LAI), stem diameter, thousand grain test weight, grain per cob, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index. Even a small difference of 30 kg of nitrogen ha-1 within a treatment showed a significant effect on the growth and yield parameters of hybrid maize. The control plot had the least growth and yield parameters. The hybrid maize variety CP 808 outperformed Rampur Hybrid-10 in terms of grain yield, thousand grain test weight, cob length, grain per cob, and LAI. In conclusion, this study suggests that cultivating hybrid maize variety CP-808 with the use of nitrogen at the rate of 240 kg ha-1 is optimal for maize production in Sundar bazar, Lamjung, and mid-hills of Nepal with similar altitude and climatic conditions. This information can assist maize farmers in achieving high yields and increasing their income.
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NORMOV, Dmitry, Evgenii CHESNIUK, Andrey SHEVCHENKO, et al. "Does ozone treatment of maize seeds influence their germination and growth energy?" Acta agriculturae Slovenica 114, no. 2 (2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2019.114.2.10.
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This article evaluated the pre-sowing treatment of seeds with electroozonation. A full factor experiment on the influence of the parameters of the technological process of electroozone treatment on the sowing qualities of maize seeds was carried out. Based on the experimental data, the effect of ozone concentration, treatment time and the time before sowing and after treatment on the germination ability, germination energy and growing energy of maize seeds was determined. According to the results of the study, the corresponding regression equations were calculated, graphical dependencies were constructed and method parameters for the pre-sowing treatment of maize seeds with ozone were determined.
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Iqbal, Aliza, Usman Arshad, Sabahat Ayub, Ayesha Jabeen, and Muhammad Saeed. "Bio-Priming of Seed with Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus sp. Leads to Improved Morpho-Physiological Parameters Related to Drought Tolerance in Maize." Integrative Plant Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (2024): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/pbiotech.001.01.0669.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) holds an important position as a major grain crop in Pakistan flourishing across a diverse range of environmental conditions. The maize crop encounters various severe abiotic challenges with drought being the most concerning factor leading to diminished plant growth and yield. Seed priming a well-established and widely adopted technique serves as an effective mechanism to alleviate drought stress ultimately boosting both growth and grain yield. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of diverse seed priming methods on the growth and development of maize plants. Additionally, the study sought to assess the potential of various seed priming techniques in mitigating drought stress in maize. A pot experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design under natural conditions. The aim was to scrutinize the influence of different priming agents on morpho-physiological traits associated with water deficit conditions in maize. The gathered data underwent ANOVA analysis revealing variations in all parameters for both maize varieties at a 5% probability level. Specifically, the Pak-Afgoi variety displayed notable responsiveness to the seed priming approach in alleviating drought stress in maize. Furthermore, the findings underscored the evident and substantial impact of seed priming on both maize varieties across a range of studied characteristics under drought stress conditions. In conclusion, the present study suggests that seed priming holds the potential to enhance drought tolerance in maize.
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Nguyen, Huyen Khon, Le Thanh Hai, Tung Van Tra, et al. "Study on the use of sludge farming of catfish as organic fertilizer and evaluate its effectiveness in agriculture." Science & Technology Development Journal - Science of The Earth & Environment 4, no. 1 (2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjsee.v4i1.502.
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The purpose of this study is to reuse fishpond sediment to produce organic fertilizer for planting maize. The sludge was mixed with rice husk and Composted under aerobic conditions. The effectiveness of Compost on planting maizes was assessed by adding to maizes with and without combination chemical fertilizers as different dosages as recommendations. The amounts of Compost adding for maizes were 10 and 20 tons/ha. Maize growth, characteristics of corn, and soil physical and chemical parameters such as bulk density, soil aggregate stability, the volume of moisture, and useful moisture of soil were measured and evaluated. The results showed that the quality of organic fertilizer produced from waste sludge met Vietnamese standard (QCVN:2018/BNNPTNT) for adding to crops. Applying organic fertilizer with the quantity of 20 tons/ha to combine with the recommendation of inorganic fertilizer amount for planting maizes increased the yield. Moreover, 20 ton/ha of organic fertilizer coupling with 50% of chemical fertilizer amount as a recommendation for planting maize also enhanced the yield to compare with the control (only using inorganic fertilizer as a recommendation). The maize yield of applying 20 tons/ha of organic fertilizer was higher than the maize yield of 10 tons/ha of organic fertilizer. Using organic fertilizer produced by fishpond sediment did improve not only the soil quality but also protected the canals and increased household income.
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Ganther, Minh, Eva Lippold, Manuela Désirée Bienert, et al. "Plant Age and Soil Texture Rather Than the Presence of Root Hairs Cause Differences in Maize Resource Allocation and Root Gene Expression in the Field." Plants 11, no. 21 (2022): 2883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212883.
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Understanding the biological roles of root hairs is key to projecting their contributions to plant growth and to assess their relevance for plant breeding. The objective of this study was to assess the importance of root hairs for maize nutrition, carbon allocation and root gene expression in a field experiment. Applying wild type and root hairless rth3 maize grown on loam and sand, we examined the period of growth including 4-leaf, 9-leaf and tassel emergence stages, accompanied with a low precipitation rate. rth3 maize had lower shoot growth and lower total amounts of mineral nutrients than wild type, but the concentrations of mineral elements, root gene expression, or carbon allocation were largely unchanged. For these parameters, growth stage accounted for the main differences, followed by substrate. Substrate-related changes were pronounced during tassel emergence, where the concentrations of several elements in leaves as well as cell wall formation-related root gene expression and C allocation decreased. In conclusion, the presence of root hairs stimulated maize shoot growth and total nutrient uptake, but other parameters were more impacted by growth stage and soil texture. Further research should relate root hair functioning to the observed losses in maize productivity and growth efficiency.
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Rehman, Abdur, Helena A. L. Oliveira, Abdul Mateen, Adnan Arshad, Ali Raza, and Saira Ahmad. "Effect of copper nanoparticles on growth parameters of maize seedlings." International Journal of Nanotechnology 1, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2022.10050410.
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Chantal, KWIZERA, KABONEKA Salvator, NDIHOKUBWAYO Soter, HABONIMANA Bernadette, NIJIMBERE Severin, and NSENGIYUMVA Prudence. "Comparative Analysis of Different Fertilizers Effects on Maize Growth Parameters." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering 06, no. 08 (2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31695/ijasre.2020.33862.
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PV, Gharge, Karpe AH, and Patil PR. "Effect of split nitrogen application on growth parameters of maize." International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no. 3 (2020): 1030–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i3m.9332.
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Raza, Ali, Saira Ahmad, Abdul Mateen, Adnan Arshad, Abdur Rehman, and Helena A. L. Oliveira. "Effect of copper nanoparticles on growth parameters of maize seedlings." International Journal of Nanotechnology 19, no. 12 (2022): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnt.2022.129766.
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C., W. Worlu, B. Nwauzoma A., C. Chuku E., and G. Ajuru M. "Comparative Effects of Trichoderma species on Growth Parameters and Yield of Zea mays (L.)." GPH-International Journal of Biological & Medicine Science 05, no. 02 (2022): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6844415.
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The effects of two <em>Trichoderma</em> species (<em>T. harzianum</em> and <em>T. koningii</em>) on number of leaf, stem height, leaf length, leaf area and yield of maize was investigated at the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Rivers State University. <em>Trichoderma </em>species were isolated from a contaminated mushroom at Dilomat Farms and Services Limited, Rivers State University. The species were applied on maize as follows: <em>T. koningii</em> combine with <em>T. harzianum, T. koningii </em>only <em>and T. harzianum </em>only; they were replicated thrice at 10<sup>-3 </sup>spores/ml, 10<sup>-5</sup> spores/ml and 10<sup>-7</sup> spores/ml levels of concentration. The results showed significant differences in the number of leaf, stem height, leaf length, and leaf area at 5ml and 10ml at six weeks after planting, but no significant difference was recorded on the growth parameters at 10<sup>-3 </sup>spores/ml concentration. The highest percentage yield (%Y) increase was observed at 10<sup>-7</sup> spores/ml in <em>T. koningii+T. harzianum</em> combination with 61% increase in yield followed by10<sup>-3 </sup>spores/ml in <em>T. harzianum</em> with (40%) yield increase when compared to the control that had 18% yield increase. <em>Trichoderma species </em>have positive effects on all the growth parameters at the various concentration levels. For best results, combination of <em>T. koningii</em> and <em>T. harzianum</em> should be used to promote high yield in maize.
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Suriadi, A., Syarifinnur, Mulyati, et al. "Maize production at phenological stages affected by water irrigation stress in dryland conditions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1377, no. 1 (2024): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1377/1/012016.
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Abstract The growth and yield of maize are significantly influenced by the adequacy of soil moisture during the growth period. Given the uncertain rainfall due to climate change, the availability of water for maize production is becoming increasingly limited, while the demand is rising due to population growth. The extent to which maize yield is affected by soil moisture stress at each phenological stage in dryland areas has not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to determine the production and biomass of maize at various growth stages due to water stress. Watering using drip irrigation equipped with soil moisture sensors was stopped after the maize plants reached 20, 40, 60 (flowering), 80 days after sowing (DAS), and at harvest. Parameters of biomass, maize yield, and other parameters were determined when the soil’s permanent wilting point reached, and soil samples were taken to determine the moisture content. The results showed that irrigation up to 80 DAS was not significantly different in yield, although it was 30% lower than that irrigation up to harvest. However, irrigation up to 60 DAS reduced the yield by 3.9 times and 4.9 times compared to the yield at irrigation up to 80 DAS (85.897 grams/plant) and at harvest (108.57 grams/plant), respectively. Other parameters, such as dry biomass, cob weight, cob length, and cob diameter followed the yield trend, although their values varied. The dry biomass of maize at irrigation until 20 and 40 DAS were 13.68 grams/plant and 40.05 grams/plant, respectively. The experiment implies that irrigation water should be provided until 80 DAS to minimize significant yield losses of maize in dryland conditions.
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Ahmad, Jawad. "1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE 1-CARBOXYLIC ACID DEAMINASE PRODUCING BACTERIA INOCULATION FOR IMPROVING THE MAIZE SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH." Agricultural Sciences Journal 3, no. 1 (2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.003.01.065.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important and profitable crop in the world. Growth and productivity of maize has been declined recently due to improper nutrient management and unfavorable soil conditions which are contributing in food insecurity. That situation exerts a tremendous pressure on agricultural scientists for substantial increase in food production where plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) played their part for enhance the growth of maize via different mechanisms and crop-bacteria specificity. A study was conducted to compare the effect of ACC deaminase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) producing bacteria two b strains (Bacillus sp. MN54 and Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN) on germination of inoculated and un-inoculated three genotypes of maize (Arfat, Sunehri and Sultan). The germination was recorded after the 9 days of sowing and seedlings will be harvested after 21 days of sowing. The following parameters will be recorded seed germination rate, seedling growth, length of root, length of shoot, root and shoot ratio, relative growth ratio and plant vigor. In addition, models will be presented to explain the phenotypic response of maize varieties to ACC deaminase producing bacteria inoculation. The genotype named Arfat and its combined treatment with bacterial strains Bacillus sp. MN54 and Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN performed very well in all parameters. In case of Genotype Sunehri the bacterial strain named Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN performed high in in all parameters. The third genotype named Sultan was inoculated with bacterial strain Bacillus sp. MN54 performed very strongly in all parameters.
 Keywords: ACC Deaminase, ANOVA, Biplot, Correlation
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Ahmad, Jawad. "1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE 1-CARBOXYLIC ACID DEAMINASE PRODUCING BACTERIA INOCULATION FOR IMPROVING THE MAIZE SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH." Agricultural Sciences Journal 3, no. 1 (2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56520/asj.v3i1.65.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important and profitable crop in the world. Growth and productivity of maize has been declined recently due to improper nutrient management and unfavorable soil conditions which are contributing in food insecurity. That situation exerts a tremendous pressure on agricultural scientists for substantial increase in food production where plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) played their part for enhance the growth of maize via different mechanisms and crop-bacteria specificity. A study was conducted to compare the effect of ACC deaminase (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase) producing bacteria two b strains (Bacillus sp. MN54 and Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN) on germination of inoculated and un-inoculated three genotypes of maize (Arfat, Sunehri and Sultan). The germination was recorded after the 9 days of sowing and seedlings will be harvested after 21 days of sowing. The following parameters will be recorded seed germination rate, seedling growth, length of root, length of shoot, root and shoot ratio, relative growth ratio and plant vigor. In addition, models will be presented to explain the phenotypic response of maize varieties to ACC deaminase producing bacteria inoculation. The genotype named Arfat and its combined treatment with bacterial strains Bacillus sp. MN54 and Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN performed very well in all parameters. In case of Genotype Sunehri the bacterial strain named Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN performed high in in all parameters. The third genotype named Sultan was inoculated with bacterial strain Bacillus sp. MN54 performed very strongly in all parameters.
 Keywords: ACC Deaminase, ANOVA, Biplot, Correlation
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Haroon, Muhammad, Atif Shaheen, Atif Shaheen, et al. "Assessment of Allelopathic water stress of Parthenium on weed density and initial growth of maize hybrid (FS-151) using sigmoid growth model." JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH 28, no. 3 (2022): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i1.1004.
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Parthenium is an invasive weed and has adverse effect on agriculture, biodiversity and human health in our ecosystem. This experiment was carried out to find the allelopathic water stress of parthenium effect on maize growth dynamics using 3 sigmoidal growth model. Soil was collected from weed infested field. Allelopathic water stress (AWS) greatly reduced weed density as compared to control. Allelopathic water stress of parthenium at higher concentration (PWS-100%) reduced maize germination and affect chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, shoot biomass, root biomass. As at lower concentration (AWS-25% and 50%) enhance maize growth parameters. This study revealed that allelopathic water stress of parthenium at lower concentration increase maize growth and decrease a weed density up to minimum level.
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Zheng, Hexiang, Hongfei Hou, Delong Tian, Changfu Tong, and Ziyuan Qin. "Evaluating the Patterns of Maize Development in the Hetao Irrigation Region Using the Sentinel-1 GRD SAR Bipolar Descriptor." Sensors 24, no. 21 (2024): 6864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24216864.
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Assessing maize yield is critical, as it is directly influenced by the crop’s growth conditions. Therefore, real-time monitoring of maize growth is necessary. Regular monitoring of maize growth indicators is essential for optimizing irrigation management and evaluating agricultural yield. However, quantifying the physical aspects of regional crop development using time-series data is a challenging task. This research was conducted at the Dengkou Experimental Station in the Hetao irrigation area, Northwest China, to develop a monitoring tool for regional maize growth parameters. The tool aimed to establish a correlation between satellite-based physical data and actual crop growth on the ground. This study utilized dual-polarization Sentinel-1A GRD SAR data, accessible via the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. Three polarization descriptors were introduced: θc (pseudo-scattering type parameter), Hc (pseudo-scattering entropy parameter), and mc (co-polar purity parameter). Using an unsupervised clustering framework, the maize-growing area was classified into several scattering mechanism groups, and the growth characteristics of the maize crop were analyzed. The results showed that throughout the maize development cycle, the parameters θc, Hc, and mc varied within the ranges of 26.82° to 42.13°, 0.48 to 0.89, and 0.32 to 0.85, respectively. During the leaf development stage, approximately 80% of the maize sampling points were concentrated in the low-to-moderate entropy scattering zone. As the plants reached the big trumpet stage, the entire cluster shifted to the high-entropy vegetation scattering zone. Finally, at maturity, over 60% of the sampling points were located in the high-entropy distribution scattering zone. This study presents an advanced analytical tool for crop management and yield estimation by utilizing precise and high-resolution spatial and temporal data on crop growth dynamics. The tool enhances the accuracy of crop growth management across different spatial and temporal conditions.
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Nyande, Ashadu, Melvin S. George, Fayia A. Kassoh, and Alieu M. Bah. "Effect of Intercropping and Crop Arrangement on Yield and Yield Components of Late Season Maize and Cowpea in the Upland of Njala Soil Series Southern Sierra Leone." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 45, no. 11 (2023): 178–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2023/v45i112247.
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A field study was conducted during the 2014 late cropping season (October) in the upland, at the School of Agriculture (SOA). SOA is located on an elevation of 5m above sea level on latitude 806N and longitude 1206W of the equator. The study aims to determine the effect of intercropping and crop arrangement on yield and yield component of late-season maize and cowpea production in the upland of Njala soil series, Kori chiefdom, Moyamba District, Southern Sierra Leone. The experiment had five treatments, sole maize crop, sole cowpea crop, intercrop 1 (spacing of 40 cm between rows of maize and cowpeas), intercrop 2 (spacing of 20cm between rows of maize and cowpeas), and intercrop 3 (Both crops were randomly planted). The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design and the experimental plots were replicated three times. There were significant differences in mean Fresh biomass weight, Leaf number, and Days to 50%. Sole maize yielded the highest maize grain weight, yield components, and other growth parameters (Plant height, Leaf area, Leaf number, and Stem girth).
 Sole cowpea yielded the highest cowpea grain weight, yield components, and other growth parameters (Plant height, lateral branches, Leaf area, and Leaf number). Among the intercrops, intercrop 1 yielded the highest grain weight, yield components, and other growth parameters for intercrops. The LER of intercrop 1&2 was above 1.0 indicating that the land utilization efficiency for maize-cowpea intercropping was more advantageous than for sole cropping.
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Berzsenyi, Z. "Studies on the effect of N fertilisation on the growth of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids II. Plant growth analysis and growth parameters." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 57, no. 3 (2009): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.57.2009.3.2.
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The use of growth analysis and growth parameters could make an important contribution to improving the utilisation of N fertiliser by maize hybrids. In 2001 and 2002 the effect of four N fertiliser rates (0, 80, 160, 240 kg ha −1 ) on the growth and productivity of three maize hybrids with different vegetation periods was studied in a long-term experiment involving continuous maize, representing a stress environment, set up in Martonvásár on chernozem soil with forest residues almost 50 years ago. Each year eight samples were taken at 14-day intervals for the destructive method of growth analysis. N fertiliser was found to have a significant effect on the growth parameters of individual plants (RGR, NAR, LAR) in both the vegetative and generative stages of growth, up to N rates of 80 and 160 kg ha −1 , respectively. The value of RGR increased until the N 160 treatment and that of NAR until N 80 , while LAR declined significantly in response to N fertilisation. RLGR was enhanced by N fertiliser up to a rate of N 80 , and all the N treatments reduced the extent of leaf withering. Among the growth parameters of the canopy, the values of CGR and HI rose significantly up to N 160 and that of LAI max up to N 80 . The cumulative values of LAD and BMD were highest in the N 160 treatment. All the growth parameters increased as the vegetation period of the hybrids lengthened, and all reflected the year effect. Compared to the highest N rate, N stress of 29–38% was calculated for the control treatment. On average, N fertilisation resulted in a 6–27% relative decline in LAI after flowering.
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R, SELVARAJU, and IRUTHAYARAJ M.R. "EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULING, METHODS OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN LEVELS ON GROWTH ANALYSIS PARAMETERS OF MAIZE." Madras Agricultural Journal 80, October (1993): 562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01697.
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The results of the field experiments conducted during Kharif and Rabl 1989-1990 on Co maize revealed that irrigation based on 0.75 IW/CPE ratio with all furrow method of 'irrigation' and application of 175 Kg/ha recorded the highest LAI, CGR, NAR and yield of maize.
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Sacała, Elżbieta, Agnieszka Biegun, Anna Demczuk, and Edward Grzyś. "Effect of NaCI and supplemental calcium on growth parameters and nitrate reductase activity in maize." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 74, no. 2 (2011): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2005.016.
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In this study, investigated were the effects of NaCl (60 mmol/dm<sup>-3</sup>) and NaCl supplemented with different salts (5 mmol/dm<sup>-3</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub>, CaSO<sub>4</sub>, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, KCl), on growth of two maize varieties (Cyrkon and Limko). After 7 days of cultivation in nutrient solution the growth response to salinity of both maize varieties was similar. NaCl led to a dramatic decrease in growth of plants (approx. 50% reduction in fresh and dry weight of root, and 70% reduction in fresh weight of shoot). Addition of extra Ca<sup>2+</sup> or K<sup>+</sup> to nutrient solution containing NaCl did not definitely improve the growth parameters of maize. However, among the tested salts, CaCl<sub>2</sub> had a beneficial visual effect on maize seedlings. In other cases the plants showed noticeable symptoms of salt damage. In long term exposure to salinity (two weeks) growth of Cyrkon was more inhibited than Limko. Comparison of growth responses in short-term exposure to salinity (7 days) with long-term (14 days) showed that in Cyrkon variety the negative effects of NaCl were intensified and addition of CaCl<sub>2</sub> to salinized solution had not positive effects on growth. On the contrary, in Limko variety, there was a significant improvement in growth (especially in root dry weight). This fact indicates that during longer exposure to salinity Limko was able to adapt to those conditions. Salinity caused a significant decrease in leaf nitrate reductase activity (60% and 30% reduction respectively in Limko and Cyrkon). Addition of CaCl<sub>2</sub> to salinized nutrient solution resulted in greater enzyme inhibition in Cyrkon (50% decline in relation to plants grown under sole NaCl), and 30% increase in Limko. Inhibition of nitrate reductase activity did not cause a decrease in concentration of soluble protein in maize leaves.
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Akegbejo-Samsons, Y., and T. Omoniyi. "Evaluation of pineapple crush waste meal as an energy feedstuff in the diets of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 2 (2021): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i2.944.
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Pineapple crush waste (PCW) was used to replace maize as an energy source in the diets of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five diets (31.52-32.51% crude protein) was formulated in which yellow maize was replaced at varying level with pineapple waste as follows: Diet 1 (100% yellow maize), diet 2 (75% yellow maize, 25% PCW), diet 3 (50% yello maize, 50% PCW), diet 4 (25% yellow maize, 75% PCW), diet 5 (100%PCW). Growth performance of fish was highest in diet 4 for all investigated growth parameters such as average daily growth (0.73g), final body weight (76.21g) and protein efficiency ratio (2.02). differences in FCR and PER were not significantly different between all diets. Diet with 100% PCW had the least growth performance. Results from the study showed that PCW was better utilized by Tilapia fish when the level of its replacement was either equal or slightly higher than that of yellow maize. Tilapia fish did not thrive well when the maize in practical diets was replaced completely with PCW.
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Shrestha, Jiban, Manoj Kandel, and Amit Chaudhary. "Effects of planting time on growth, development and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.)." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v1i1.22221.
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Planting date plays important role in the growth, development and yield of maize. Optimum planting date has becomes a prime importance for higher crop production. The plant establishment as well as pest and disease incidence are affected by planting dates. Crop varieties respond differently to planting dates. Early or late planting dates on maize causes an array of morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes in plants, which affect plant growth and development and such changes may lead to a drastic reduction in yield. Maize growth and development involves numerous biochemical reactions which are sensitive to variance in weather parameters as affected by planting dates. Delayed planting dates affect traits namely anthesis silking interval, photosynthesis, physiological maturity and dry matter production due to reduction in cumulative interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Late planting dates cause higher non-structural carbohydrate concentration in stems at mid-grain filling stages due to low temperature exposure of crop limiting kernel growth and photosynthesis. The adverse effects of delayed planting dates can be mitigated by forecasting optimum planting dates through crop modeling experiments. This article summarizes various effects of planting dates on maize growth, development and yield parameters. This information may be useful for maize growers and researchers.
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Faloye, Oluwaseun Temitope, Ayodele Ebenezer Ajayi, Philip Gbenro Oguntunde, Viroon Kamchoom, and Abayomi Fasina. "Modeling and Optimization of Maize Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Biochar, Inorganic Fertilizer and Irrigation Using Principal Component Analysis." Agriculture 14, no. 10 (2024): 1813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101813.
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This study was conducted to predict the grain yield of a maize crop from easy-to-measure growth parameters and select the best treatment combinations of biochar, inorganic fertilizer, and irrigation for the maize grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. Two rates of biochar (0 and 20 t ha−1) and fertilizer (0 and 300 kg ha−1) were applied to the soil, with maize crop planted, and subjected to deficit irrigation at 60, 80, and 100% of full irrigation amounts (FIA). Maize growth parameters (number of leaves—NL, leaf area—LA, leaf area index—LAI, and plant height—PH) were measured weekly. The results showed that the developed principal component regression (PCR) from the easy-to-measure growth parameters were strong and moderate in predicting the maize yield and WUE, with coefficient of determination; r2 values of 0.92 and 0.56, respectively. Using the PCA technique, the integration of irrigation with the least amount of water (60% FAI) with biochar (20 t ha−1) and fertilizer (300 kg ha−1) produced the highest ranking on grain yield and water use efficiency. This optimization technique showed that with the adoption of the integrative approach, 40% of irrigation water could be saved for other agricultural purposes
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Berzsenyi, Z., and Q. Dang. "Study of the effect of plant density on the growth of maize ( Zea mays L.) hybrids using the Richards function." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, no. 4 (2007): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.4.3.
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In maize, plant density has a considerable influence on the rate of dry matter accumulation and on its partitioning between vegetative and reproductive sinks. The aim of the present research was to use the first, second and third derivatives of the Richards function (RF) for growth analysis on maize hybrids grown at various densities. In two-factorial split-plot experiments carried out in Martonvásár, Hungary in 1997–1999 the growth analysis method was used to examine the effect of six plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 thousand plants ha −1 ) on the growth of three maize hybrids (Mara, Mv 355, Florencia) with different vegetation periods. Plant density had a significant effect on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation, absolute growth rate (AGR) and absolute acceleration rate (AAR). There was a significant reduction in the asymptotic maximum (A) and growth parameters (AGR, AAR) of the whole plant and of the individual plant organs (stalk, leaf, ear and grain yield), while the parameters of the leaf area index (LAI) increased significantly with a rise in the plant density. The usefulness of the RF for approximating the growth processes of maize plants and individual plant parts was confirmed statistically.
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Hirve, Mamta, and Meeta Jain. "Early seedling growth affected by CuSO4 and its combination with PEG 6000 in maize." Plant Science Today 6, no. 2 (2019): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.2.508.
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Several abiotic stress factors are faced by the plants in nature, including metal exposure and water deficit condition. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of copper and its combination with water deficit, on growth and anatomical characteristics of Zea mays L. (maize) cv. Ganga safed-2 seedlings. Seeds were treated with CuSO4 (0-1000µM) for inducing Cu stress, PEG 6000 (0-10%) for inducing water deficit stress and their combination for combined stress for 5 days. Germination %, growth parameters, % phytotoxicity, and root anatomical characteristics were analyzed. Treatment of maize seeds with 0-1000µM CuSO4 significantly reduced almost all the growth parameters, except germination %. Root growth was inhibited significantly at 100µM and higher concentrations of CuSO4, however, for shoot growth, ?300µM are inhibitory. Germination percentage was not affected by the supplementation of Cu, indicating the tolerant nature of Ganga safed-2 maize genotype at germination stage. Treatment with Cu (?300µM) and PEG 6000 (10%), decreased the growth of maize seedlings with prominent effect on root by Cu and on the shoot by 10% PEG. Anatomical modifications in root were noticed with both the stresses, individually and in combination.
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Witorożec-Piechnik, Agata, Mariusz Matyka, Paweł Wolszczak, and Marta Oleszek. "Yield and selected physiological parameters of maize, sorghum, and triticale depending on fertilization system." BioResources 16, no. 4 (2021): 7870–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.7870-7883.
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Effects of fertilization with digestate from agricultural biogas plant and its influence on growth and selected physiological parameters of maize, triticale, and sorghum plants cultivated for biogas production were studied in this work. The digestate was used as an organic fertilizer, being a substitute or supplement to mineral fertilization. The fertilization with the digestate had a positive effect on the fresh matter yield (FMY) of sorghum (85.4 Mg ha-1), the dry matter content (DM) of maize (41.9%) and sorghum (23.6%), as well as on the dry matter yield (DMY) of triticale (12.2 Mg ha-1) and sorghum (19.8 Mg ha-1). Among the studied species, the maize fertilized with digestate (variants N2 and N3) showed better growth responses compared to the maize that was fertilized with mineral fertilizers (plant nutrition status – SPAD of 54.8). No significant influence of fertilization variant was observed on the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and the leaf area index (LAI) of the tested plant species. The digestate proved to be a good fertilizer, supporting high yields without adverse effects on the physiological parameters of the plants.
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Bao, Yitong, Meilin Li, Haoran Liu, and Zirui Pan. "Study on Maize Yield Estimation Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 108 (August 13, 2024): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/dvgcz775.
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Accurately estimating crop yields is crucial for effective agricultural management, particularly with the continuous development of agricultural technology. However, traditional farmland survey methods are time-consuming and expensive. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using UAV remote sensing technology for maize yield estimation. This study utilized UAV remote sensing technology and data assimilation methods to estimate maize yields. The study utilized UAV remote sensing to acquire ground remote sensing images and estimate maize yield by inverting the leaf area index (LAI). The WOFOST crop growth model was then employed to simulate the growth process of maize using meteorological data and soil property parameters. Finally, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method was applied to estimate and predict the growth status of maize based on the observed data and model simulation results. The experimental results indicate that the EnKF method can effectively integrate multi-source data, including UAV remote sensing data, meteorological data, and soil data, with the maize growth model for model state assimilation. As a result, it can accurately estimate the maize growth state and yield. This study provides a scientific basis for maize production management and has significant application value.
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Ren, Yangjie, Yitong Zhang, Shiyang Guo, Ben Wang, Siqi Wang, and Wei Gao. "Pipe Cavitation Parameters Reveal Bubble Embolism Dynamics in Maize Xylem Vessels across Water Potential Gradients." Agriculture 13, no. 10 (2023): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101867.
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Maize, a crop of international relevance, frequently undergoes xylem embolism due to water shortage, negatively impacting growth, yield, and quality. Consequently, a refined comprehension of xylem embolism is vital for enhancing maize cultivation. Notwithstanding extensive research and the generation of analytical models for embolism mechanisms, prevalent models often disregard crop-specific hydraulic processes and the formation of embolisms via air bubbles in the xylem conduit. In this research, we present an inventive model applying pipe cavitation parameters to discern water potential and bubble formation in maize leaf xylem. The model integrates pivotal physiological traits of the maize–leaf count, leaf vein count, and diameter of xylem vessels—demonstrating robust correlations. Furthermore, we constructed Percent Loss of Conductivity (PLC) curve based on water potential and compared it with our model, offering interval data to observe embolization events triggered by air bubbles. Utilizing experimental data, our novel cavitation-parameter-based model effectively corresponds with observed bubble phenomena and appropriately characterizes water transport in plant xylem conduits. This method enabled us to observe the transition from bubble occurrence to cavitation embolism microscopically, which aligned with the embolism intervals provided by the model. This procedure reveals potential trends in bubble-induced embolism and deepens our knowledge of microscopic plant hydraulics and crop embolism. This work establishes a basis for understanding the generation of bubble embolisms in maize, assists in evaluating maize-plant water status for efficient water supply management throughout the growth cycle, and contributes towards potential water management strategies for maize.
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Wang, Fang, Zhijin Feng, Xinyi Yang, Guangkuo Zhou, and Yunling Peng. "Physiological Parameters and Transcriptomic Levels Reveal the Response Mechanism of Maize to Deep Sowing and the Mechanism of Exogenous MeJA to Alleviate Deep Sowing Stress." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19 (2024): 10718. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910718.
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Deep sowing, as a method to mitigate drought and preserve soil moisture and seedlings, can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on seedling growth. The elongation of the hypocotyl plays an important role in the emergence of maize seeds from deep-sowing stress. This study was designed to explore the function of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in the growth of the maize mesocotyl and to examine its regulatory network. The results showed that the addition of a 1.5 μ mol L−1 MeJA treatment significantly increased the mesocotyl length (MES), mesocotyl and coleoptile length (MESCOL), and seedling length (SDL) of maize seedlings. Transcriptome analysis showed that exogenous MeJA can alleviate maize deep-sowing stress, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly include ornithine decarboxylase, terpene synthase 7, ethylene responsive transcription factor 11, and so on. In addition, candidate genes that may regulate the length of maize hypocotyls were screened by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). These genes may be involved in the growth of maize hypocotyls through transcriptional regulation, histones, ubiquitin protease, protein binding, and chlorophyll biosynthesis and play an important role in maize deep-sowing tolerance. Our research findings may provide a theoretical basis for determining the tolerance of maize to deep-sowing stress and the mechanism of exogenous hormone regulation of deep-sowing stress.
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Takáč, T. "The relationship of antioxidant enzymes and some physiological parameters in maize during chilling." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 1 (2011): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3638-pse.
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The changes in some physiological parameters of maize seedlings in response to chilling were studied. The emphasis was laid upon their relationship to chilling induced alterations in antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) activity. The exposure of maize seedlings to chilling caused substantial defects in the 4-day-old seedlings and the seedlings with two fully developed leaves, respectively. The membrane semipermeability perturbations and the loss of viability in the young seedlings were observed. Similarly, we found a decrease of chlorophyll content, appearance of necrotic lesions and inhibition of growth in older plants. The measurements of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities provide an evidence of reactive oxygen species formation, that is assumed to be a reason of the found damages. Significant differences between two cultivars were found in the studied parameters. The electrolyte leakage and viability test provided effective methods for the characterization of the chilling tolerance-level in maize cultivars.
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Możdżeń, Katarzyna, Agnieszka Krajewska, Jan Bocianowski, Beata Jop, and Agnieszka Synowiec. "Microencapsulated Caraway Essential Oil Affects Initial Growth of Maize Cultivars." Molecules 26, no. 16 (2021): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165059.
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Caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oil is a candidate for botanical herbicides. A hypothesis was formulated that the sand-applied maltodextrin-coated caraway oil (MCEO) does not affect the growth of maize (Zea mays L.). In the pot experiment, pre-emergence application of five doses of MCEO was tested on four maize cultivars up to the three-leaf growth stage. The morphological analyses were supported by the measurements of relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), two parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence, e.g., Fv/Fm and Fv/F0, and fluorescence emission spectra. The analyzed MCEO contained 6.5% caraway EO with carvone and limonene as the main compounds, constituting 95% of the oil. The MCEO caused 7-day delays in maize emergence from the dose of 0.9 g per pot (equal to 96 g m−2). Maize development at the three-leaf growth stage, i.e., length of roots, length of leaves, and biomass of shoots and leaves, was significantly impaired already at the lowest dose of MCEO: 0.4 g per pot, equal to 44 g m−2. A significant drop of both chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters was noted, on average, from the dose of 0.7 g per pot, equal to 69 g m−2. Among the tested cultivars, cv. Rywal and Pomerania were less susceptible to the MCEO compared to the cv. Kurant and Podole. In summary, maize is susceptible to the pre-emergence, sand-applied MCEO from the dose of 44 g m−2.
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Qandeel, M., A. Jabbar, F. U. Haider, A. L. Virk, and N. U. Ain. "EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND DATES PLANTING ON SPRING MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN." Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences 36, no. 2 (2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47432/2020.36.2.5.
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Maize is a widely grown cereal crop worldwide, butthe heat stress and delayed sowing of maize are major constraints that result in declining the maize productivity.Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the growth promoting effect of different growth regulators i.e., salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and humic acid at multiple sowing times in spring maize. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having split-plot arrangement with three replications having plot size of 6m × 2.25m.The yield contributing agronomic parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically by using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique and treatment means were contrasted by Least significance difference having 5% probability test. Results revealed that early and delayed sowing of maize tended to decline the maize productivity and grain yield. Maximum yield and yield contributing traits were observed in S1 (recommended sowing, i.e., 20-02-2017). The plant growth regulators significantly influenced the productivity of maize and minimized heat stress. The interaction between sowing dates and plant growth regulators were also significant. Among plant growth regulators, the foliar application of methyl jasmonate resulted to produce maximum biological, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, which were 23.04, 36.12, 14.06 and 7.87%, respectively higher than the control.The study reported that delayed sowing of maize declined the production of maize due to the gradual rise of temperature in March and plant growth regulators had the potential to minimize the heat stress and productivity of maize.
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Kumar, Sachin, Surinder Singh Rana, Neelam Sharma, and Abha Sharma. "Growth analysis and yield evaluation under tillage and weed management practices in maize-wheat cropping system." Environment Conservation Journal 24, no. 2 (2023): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.11522301.
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Integrated weed management strategies combine tillage systems and weed control strategies. Conservation agriculture (CA) and sustainable intensification cropping systems are potential sources of improved growth and overall productivity. This study evaluated tillage and weed management strategies effects on crop growth parameters and biological yields in maize-wheat cropping system in North Western Himalayan region. Different tillage (five) and weed management practices (three) were evaluated from 2018 to 2020 on growth indices and yield with fifteen treatments. Conservation agriculture (CA) based production system (ZT, zero tillage; crop rotation and intensification; residue management i.e. ZTR-ZTR) had higher crop dry matter accumulation (DMA), relative growth rate (RGR), crop growth rate (RGR) and biological yield of maize (28698 kg/ha) and wheat crops (18750 kg/ha). The zero tillage in maize and wheat (ZT-ZT) resulted in lowest maize (24677 kg/ha) and wheat biological yield (14009 kg/ha. Among weed management treatments, application of recommended herbicides in maize and wheat crop (H-H) resulted in higher crop DMA and biological yield of maize (27652 kg/ha) and wheat crop (19540 kg/ha). Therefore, for North Western Himalayan conditions, ZTR+H-ZTR+H (Conservation tillage combined with herbicide application in maize and wheat) is superior to other combinations for growth and yield.
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A., Ali, Usman M., and Adaikwu A.O. "Effect of Tillage Methods on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Makurdi, Nigeria." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 3, no. 1 (2018): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3936415.
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The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi to evaluate the effect of five (5) tillage methods on soil properties, growth and yield of maize. The experimental design consisted of five (5) treatments that were replicated three times and laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). These treatments are: Surface tillage (T1), ridges (T2), zero tillage (T3), heaps (T4) and tied ridges (T5). Each plot measured 5 m x 5 m with spacing of 1 m between replicates and 0.5 m between plots in the same replicate thus giving a total plot size of 17 m x 27 m (459 m2). A composite soil sample was obtained from a plough layer (0-15 cm) at the beginning and at the end of the experiment according to the treatments and analyzed for soil properties in the Advanced Soil Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Makurdi. Data collected for the growth and yield parameters of maize were subjected to the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) after which significant means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at P<0.05. The results of the study showed that the various tillage methods had no significant effect on the soil properties. However, there was significant effect on some of the growth parameters as well as the yield of maize. It can be concluded that all the tillage methods be adopted or utilized for maize production in Makurdi sub-humid region and also the surface tillage should be utilized the most since it gave the highest grain yield of maize.
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Galal, Ahmed EL TOUM. "Evaluation of Growth and Yield of Four Maize ( Zea mays L.) Cultivars Under Northern Sudan Conditions." Agriculture and Forestry Journal 2, no. 2 (2018): 89–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2536536.
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This study was aimed to evaluate some vegetative and reproductive growth, yield and yield components parameters of Four maize cultivars namely Hudebia-1, Hudeiba-2, Mugtama-45 and Balady. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used to execute the experiment. The experiment was conducted at the Demonstration Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences –University of Dongola- Sudan (Latitude 19˚ 11˝ N and Longitude 30˚ 29˝ E and altitude 227m ASL) during the summer season 2016. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among maize cultivars in all vegetative and reproductive growth parameters studied namely. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves / plant, days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% siliking and days to maturity. Also , differences among maize cultivars was significant for yield and yield components characters with the exception of number of rows/ cob which exhibited no significant differences, these include cob length, , number of seeds/row, number of seeds/co, 100 seed weight and grains yield. The cultivar Hueiba-2 produced 48% significantly greater yield than Baldy cultivar.
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Sari, A. R. K., R. Dharmawan, I. M. R. Yasa, et al. "Growth responses of maize-soybean intercropping system and its potential for cattle feed in Bali." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 951, no. 1 (2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012008.
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Abstract There had been a 2.145 ha fields transition in Bali which had a major impact on the loss of food production. However, there was raise in the population annually, therefore it disrupts local food security. Effort to raise the effectiveness and agricultural productivity areas through changing cropping system from monoculture to intercropping. This study aimed to find out the growth responses of maize and soybean crops cultivated by monoculture and intercropping planting systems and its carrying capacity for cattle feed. The study was arranged using a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 3 replications, namely: T1: Bima 20 URI VUB maize seeds in monoculture (40cm x 20cm x 80cm; 1 seed/hole or 70cm x 40cm x 100cm; 2 seeds/hole); T2: Anjasmoro, Deja 2 and Devon soybean VUB seeds in monoculture system (40cm x 20cm; 2-3 seeds/hole); T3: maize-soybean intercropping; Maize (2 rows; 40cm x 12.5; 2 seeds/hole); Soybeans (4 rows; 30cm x 10cm; 2-3 seeds/hole); both distance: 40cm. Data collected were growth performance, yield components and yield capacity of both maize and soybean crops also competition and profit value of maize and soybeans crops cultivated by intercropping planting system. The results showed that monoculture maize crops cultivated by monoculture planting system were better than it intercropped with soybean crops in terms of growth parameters. However, intercropping maize and soybean were produced greater yield components on cobs number, cobs and grains weight than monoculture (P<0.05), except grains weight per cobs. The monoculture soybean plant in growth, components and yield parameters were greater than intercropping (P>0.05). The ATER, LER, RCC, CR, and AYL values were 3.24; 1.28; -2.69; 4.58; -0.098 on maize and 2.52; 0.84; 1.82; 0.21; -0.158 on soybean. Those result was followed by carrying capacity in intercropping system by 30% usage can be used for 1.804 AU meanwhile 40% usage was sufficient for 1.353 AU. Intercropping system can be recommended to farmers to increase growth responses of maize-soybean and its potential carrying capacity for cattle feed.