Relevant bibliographies by topics / Growth references

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Growth references'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Growth references"

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Sullivan, Kevin, Frederick Trowbridge, Jonathan Gorstein, and Alberto Pradilla. "Growth references." Lancet 337, no. 8754 (June 1991): 1420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)93113-n.

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Nolen, David S. "Publication and Language Trends of References in Spanish and Latin American Literature." College & Research Libraries 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl12-372.

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This study examined references found in three journals in the field of Spanish and Latin American literary studies. Few previous studies have examined types of publishers producing highly cited/referenced books. The data indicate that the primary publishers of scholarly monographs referenced in the journals are U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and foreign popular trade presses. U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and government entities published most of the volumes of collected essays referenced. Scholarly monographs published outside the U.S. represented the largest proportions of references, with large growth in references to volumes of collected essays published in the United States. References to English-language materials increased significantly from 1970 to 2000.
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&NA;. "Epidermal growth factor: recent references." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 727 (March 1990): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007270-00043.

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&NA;. "Epidermal growth factor: recent references." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 728 (March 1990): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007280-00036.

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Cole, T. J. "The development of growth references and growth charts." Annals of Human Biology 39, no. 5 (July 11, 2012): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2012.694475.

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Tarquinio, D. C., K. J. Motil, W. Hou, H. S. Lee, D. G. Glaze, S. A. Skinner, J. L. Neul, et al. "Growth failure and outcome in Rett syndrome: Specific growth references." Neurology 79, no. 16 (October 3, 2012): 1653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826e9a70.

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Kułaga, Zbigniew, Aneta Grajda, Beata Gurzkowska, Magdalena Góźdź, Małgorzata Wojtyło, Anna Świąder, Agnieszka Różdżyńska-Świątkowska, and Mieczysław Litwin. "Polish 2012 growth references for preschool children." European Journal of Pediatrics 172, no. 6 (February 1, 2013): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-013-1954-2.

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Rolland-Cachera, Marie-Françoise, and Sandrine Péneau. "Assessment of growth: variations according to references and growth parameters used." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94, suppl_6 (April 27, 2011): 1794S—1798S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.000703.

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Garza, C., E. Frongillo, and KG Dewey. "Implications of growth patterns of breast-fed infants for growth references." Acta Paediatrica 83, s402 (September 1994): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13352.x.

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Hutcheon, Jennifer A., and Jessica Liauw. "Should Fetal Growth Charts Be References or Standards?" Epidemiology 32, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001275.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Growth references"

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Jaldin, Maria da Graça Mouchrek. "CRESCIMENTO INFANTIL E ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EXCLUSIVO: estudo comparativo com uma referência e um padrão internacional de crescimento." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2009. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1130.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:15:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA DA GRACA MOUCHREK JALDIN.pdf: 589878 bytes, checksum: a4438de077d576ce70fce6d241683f81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-18
FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the growth of exclusively breast-fed infants from birth to six months of age, as well as to compare weight, length and head circumference with the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS/1978) reference, and the new international World Health Organization standard/2006 (WHO/2006). A prospective longitudinal study, undertaken in the Human Milk Bank of the Child Maternal University Hospital in São Luis, Maranhão-Brazil, in the period of October 2007 to November 2008. A convenience sampling of 328 full term singleton infants, with birth weight equal to or over 2.5 kg and lower or equal to 4.0kg, exclusively breastfed, upon demand, since their birth. The weight, length and head circumference recorded from birth to the sixth month of age. The growth was evaluated through mean standard deviation and percentiles, and the results were compared to those of the NCHS/1978 reference and WHO/2006 standard. A total of 181 infants (95 females and 86 males) concluded the study. The mean weight of infants at birth was 3.3kg and 8.2kg at six months for males, and 7.7kg for females. Males weighed more than females from the first to the sixth month (p<0.05). The greatest velocity in weight gain occurred in the first two months of life for both sexes. Both males and females doubled their mean birth weight around the third and fourth months, respectively. The mean weight of females was superior to the WHO/2006 standard, at birth and from the third to the sixth month (p<0.05); as to the males, it was superior from the fourth to the sixth month (p<0.05). The mean weight was above the NCHS/1978 reference, for both genders, from birth to the sixth month (p<0.05) except for males at birth. The mean length at birth was 49.1cm (males) and 48.9cm (females), and it was 67.0 cm (males) and 65.4cm (females) at the sixth month. The mean length of males was lower than the WHO/2006, from birth to the sixth month (p<0.05), except for the fifth month; it was also lower than the NCHS/1978 at birth, in the first, fourth and sixth months of life (p<0.05). As to the females, it was similar to the WHO/2006 and lower than the NCHS/1978, at birth and at the sixth month (p<0.05). The 50th percentile of weight of infants was comparable to WHO/2006 percentile, and the females and males surpassed the standard measure from the second and third months, respectively. The 50th percentile of the infants weight was superior to the NCHS/1978 from the first to the sixth month. The 50th percentiles of length and head circumference were comparable to the respective percentiles of the standard and the reference. The infants velocity of the monthly weight increment followed the 50th percentile curve of the WHO/2006, with a better performance, however. It was concluded that exclusively breast-fed infants up to six months presented satisfactory growth. The weight, length and head circumference were akin to the 50th percentile of the WHO standard and NCHS reference; however, the infants in the study were heavier than the reference.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o crescimento de crianças, em aleitamento materno exclusivo, do nascimento ao sexto mês e comparar o peso, o comprimento e o perímetro cefálico com a referência National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS/1978) e com o novo padrão internacional World Health Organization/2006 (WHO/2006). Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal realizado no Banco de Leite Humano do Hospital Universitário Materno Infantil, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil, entre outubro de 2007 a novembro de 2008. Amostra de conveniência com 328 crianças nascidas a termo, não gemelares, peso ao nascer igual ou superior a 2,5kg e inferior ou igual a 4,0kg e em aleitamento exclusivo, do nascimento ao sexto mês, sob livre demanda. O peso, comprimento e perímetro cefálico foram verificados do nascimento ao sexto mês. Avaliouse o crescimento por meio de médias, desvio padrão e percentis, comparando-se os resultados aos da referência NCHS/1978 e do padrão WHO/2006. Finalizaram o estudo 181 crianças (95 meninas e 86 meninos). O peso médio das crianças ao nascer foi 3,3kg e, aos seis meses, 8,2kg, meninos e 7,7kg, meninas. Os meninos foram mais pesados que as meninas, do primeiro ao sexto mês (p<0,05). A maior velocidade no ganho ponderal ocorreu nos dois primeiros meses de vida, em ambos os sexos. Meninos e meninas dobraram o peso médio de nascimento por volta do terceiro e quarto meses, respectivamente. O peso médio das meninas foi superior ao padrão WHO/2006, ao nascer e do terceiro ao sexto mês (p<0,05); o dos meninos, superior do quarto ao sexto mês (p<0.05). Foi superior à referência NCHS/1978, em ambos os sexos, do nascimento ao sexto mês (p<0,05), exceto, ao nascer, nos meninos. O comprimento médio, ao nascer, foi 49,1cm (meninos) e 48,9cm (meninas), aos seis meses, 67,0cm (meninos) e 65,4cm (meninas). O comprimento médio dos meninos foi inferior ao WHO/2006, do nascimento ao sexto mês (p<0,05), exceto no quinto; foi inferior à NCHS/1978, ao nascer, no primeiro, quarto e sexto meses de vida (p<0,05); nas meninas foi semelhante ao WHO/2006 e menor que a NCHS/1978, ao nascer e no sexto mês (p<0,05). O percentil 50 do peso das crianças foi comparável ao WHO/2006, sendo que meninos e meninas superaram o padrão, a partir do segundo e terceiro meses, respectivamente. O percentil 50 do peso das crianças foi superior à NCHS/1978, do primeiro ao sexto mês. Os percentis 50 do comprimento e perímetro cefálico foram comparáveis aos respectivos percentis do padrão e da referência. A velocidade de ganho de peso mensal das crianças acompanhou o percentil 50 do padrão WHO/2006, porém com um desempenho melhor. Concluiu-se que crianças amamentadas exclusivamente, até o sexto mês de vida, apresentaram crescimento satisfatório. O peso, comprimento e perímetro cefálico foram comparáveis ao percentil 50 do padrão WHO e da referência NCHS, contudo as crianças do estudo foram mais pesadas que a referência.
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Ochoa, Banafsheh K. "Maxillary growth in comparison to mandibular growth." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2002. http://library.ouhsc.edu/epub/theses/Ochoa-Banafsheh-K.pdf.

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Chau, Chun-hing, and 周俊興. "On the construction of growth reference values during the paediatric years." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971532.

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Werner, Bo. "Growth in Sweden : surveillance of growth patterns and epidemiological monitoring of secular changes in height and weight among children and adolescents /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-148-7/.

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Bum, Shin Sang. "Follow-up of new believers for church with reference at Sangok Jeil Chruch [sic] /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Rättyä, J. (Johanna). "Reproductive endocrine effects of antiepileptic drugs - with special reference to valproate." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514255291.

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Abstract Previous observations have indicated that reproductive endocrine disorders are common among patients with epilepsy. Valproate (VPA) treatment is associated with hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and obesity in women. Carbamazepine (CBZ) may also induce endocrine disorders, while the hormonal effects of oxcarbazepine (OXC) are poorly known. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of antiepileptic drugs on reproductive hormones, linear growth and pubertal maturation in patients with epilepsy. Altogether 223 patients taking VPA, CBZ, or OXC monotherapy for epilepsy and 103 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers participated in the study. Seventy-eight girls and 90 men with epilepsy participated in the cross-sectional parts of the study. Thirty-nine adult patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy participated in a 3-month longitudinal study and VPA was replaced with lamotrigine (LTG) in 16 women with VPA-related endocrine disorders in a 1-year longitudinal study. The girls were between 8-18 years, the women 17-41 years and the men 17-51 years of age. None of the antiepileptic drugs studied significantly influenced linear growth or pubertal development in girls with epilepsy, but hyperandrogenemia, increased number of ovarian follicles, and weight gain were observed in prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal girls taking VPA for epilepsy. Increased serum testosterone levels were observed in half of the women after the first 3 months of VPA medication, and high serum concentrations of androgens were common (prevalence 57 %, p < 0.001) in men taking long-term VPA treatment. The women with VPA-related hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries were also found to present other features of insulin resistance (i.e. hyperinsulinemia, centripetal obesity, and an unfavorable serum lipid profile). Reproductive endocrine disorders associated with VPA treatment in women began to normalize after VPA was replaced by LTG. CBZ reduced the bioactivity of androgens, whereas OXC did not have similar effects. Serum concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were increased and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreased already during the first months of CBZ treatment. Serum hormone levels were normal in patients with low OXC doses (< 900 mg/d), but serum concentrations of testosterone, gonadotropins and SHBG were high in men with a daily OXC dose ≥ 900 mg. The adverse reproductive endocrine effects of antiepileptic drugs should be considered at the beginning of and during antiepileptic medication.
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Lee, Sung Gyu. "A church growth model in Korean-American Presbyterian churches with special reference to the Messiah Presbyterian Church of Washington /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2009. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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Chau, Chun-hing. "On the construction of growth reference values during the paediatric years." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971532.

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Newton, P. C. D. "The establishment, growth and fate of white clover plants : With special reference to the physiology of stolon growth." Thesis, Bangor University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379353.

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Sprague, Matthew. "Environmental influences on the physiological and behavioural growth responses in salmonids : with reference to the growth-dip phenomenon." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/212.

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Photoperiod manipulations are widely used throughout the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming industry as a means of producing a product of uniform quality all-year round. However, farmers still remain sceptical over their effectiveness to regulate growth and maturation during the on-growing stage. Furthermore, reports of a characteristic growth-dip following light exposure suggest that light may negatively affect the physiological performance of fish in the short-term. Thus, this thesis investigates the effects of light characteristics (spectral quality, intensity and photoperiod) on growth and maturation of salmonid fish and addresses some of the uncertainties surrounding photoperiod use currently reported within the industry. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are seemingly an ideal model species for examining photoperiod effects on growth. Consequently, the application of constant light exposure (LL) at two different intensities (28W and 16W) during two different thermal conditions (summer and winter) was examined on individually tagged fish. Feed intake and growth appeared to be related to the ambient water temperature and did not appear to be affected by intensity or photoperiod, although the onset of constant light did appear to initially affect growth rate. This may indicate that LL has a limiting effect on the growth of trout or that the prevailing water temperature at which light is applied may override the photoperiodic effect. Furthermore, the lack of enhanced growth in trout exposed to LL, unlike that demonstrated for other salmonids, suggest that there may be a species-specific response to environmental variables. Thus, questions regarding photoperiod effects should be limited to the species in question. The main source of variation in results observed under photoperiod manipulations stems from the salmon industry. Atlantic salmon post-smolts were reared in seawater tanks and either maintained under a natural photoperiod (NP) or exposed to a simulated natural photoperiod (SNP), constant light superimposed on the natural light (NPLL) or constant light only (LL). Artificial light onset, irrespective of photoperiod, resulted in an apparent trend for a reduced appetite lasting up to 60 days. Furthermore, the onset of constant light resulted in a significant chronic elevation of plasma cortisol levels and changes to growth and thyroid hormone levels, providing direct evidence that constant light exposure induces stress. In addition, fish exposed to SNP failed to exhibit a stress response despite a low feed intake. However, differences in the plasma melatonin levels during twilight times, as compared to NP, suggest that gradual changes in the natural light intensity throughout the day, particularly around dawn and dusk, may be important for synchronizing daily events. No differences in growth were observed between the NP and NPLL regimes, although fish reared in an enclosed regime (SNP and LL) exhibited a significantly lower weight gain than fish in an open environment (NP and NPLL). This further highlights the impact that the rearing environment has on the growth performances of fish and the need for commercially run trials. Advances in lighting technologies and a greater understanding of how light is transformed through the water column have focussed research on the spectral sensitivity of fish. Therefore the lighting efficiency of novel blue narrow bandwidth LED lighting units through the water column and their effects on growth and maturation performances of salmon reared in commercial production cages were compared against the standard metal halide units currently utilized throughout the industry. LL application, irrespective of intensity or spectrum, reduced the numbers of fish maturing as compared to fish reared under a natural photoperiod. However, this was greatest under the standard metal halide units reflecting a greater light penetration and perception as determined by plasma melatonin levels. The metal halide groups exhibited the greatest relative weight gain over the trial period as compared to control fish. No evidence was observed for a growth-dip under metal halide light, although blue lit treatments exhibited an initial significant reduction in food consumption, suggesting a possible welfare issue. Nevertheless, the prototype blue LED units showed possible potential for commercial application by penetrating the water depth at half the distance of the metal halide units for only one eighth the power and one fifth the brightness. However, further tests of these prototype spectral units are required to examine the potential welfare and physiological growth and reproductive effects. These studies have shown that the efficacy of artificial light regimes is largely dependent upon the effectiveness of the light source through the underwater environment and its perception by fish, providing a sufficient intensity is emitted exceeding the physiological threshold level for the species cultured. Moreover, whilst the onset of artificial light may elicit a stress response and demonstrate a trend for a suppression of appetite for salmon reared in experimental tanks, no compelling evidence for a suppression of appetite or growth was found under normal commercial cage conditions. This suggests that the growth-dip observed within the industry may in part be a combination of a physiological response to the onset of light further exaggerated by the farmer’s perception and altered judgement in feeding. In addition, the results obtained from this study have helped to standardize the use of light regimes within the industry. Nevertheless, further studies are necessary to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms which may govern growth and maturation in fish following the onset of light exposure.
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Books on the topic "Growth references"

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Lee, Dennis W. Annotated list of selected references on age and growth studies of Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae. Miami, Fla: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Miami Laboratory, 1989.

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Rosen, Dietrich von. Multivariate linear normal models with special references to the growth curve model. Stockholm: Stockholms Universitet, 1985.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Hypochondrogenesis: A bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers [to internet references]. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2007.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Achondrogenesis: A bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers [to internet references]. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2007.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Spondyloperipheral dysplasia: A bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers [to internet references]. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2007.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Kniest dysplasia: A bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers [to Internet references]. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2007.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Soto syndrome: A bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers [to internet references]. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2007.

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Parker, James N., and Philip M. Parker. Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: A bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers [to internet references]. San Diego, CA: ICON Health Publications, 2007.

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Williams, Donald C. Global urban growth: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2012.

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Global urban growth: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Growth references"

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Hepatocyte growth factor." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1102–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1435.

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Haubeck, H. D. "Fibroblast Growth Factor 23." In Springer Reference Medizin, 868. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1121.

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Gressner, A. M., and O. A. Gressner. "Transforming Growth Factor β." In Springer Reference Medizin, 2341. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3091.

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Holdenrieder, S., and P. Stieber. "Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1155–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1491.

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Bidlingmaier, M. "Insulin-like growth factor I." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1255–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_1584.

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Blair, Eve. "Paediatric Implications of IUGR with Special Reference to Cerebral Palsy." In Intrauterine Growth Restriction, 351–66. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0735-4_19.

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"References." In Growth. The MIT Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3382.003.0018.

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"References." In Human Growth, 205–304. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511525681.007.

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"References." In Growth and Distribution, 375–86. Harvard University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/9780674239395-022.

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"References." In Neuronal Growth Cones, 174–254. Cambridge University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511529719.007.

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Conference papers on the topic "Growth references"

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KovářÍk, Ondřej, Jaroslav Čech, Jan Cizek, Jakub Klečka, and Michal Hajíček. "Mechanical and Fatigue Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloy Prepared by RF-Plasma." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0115.

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Abstract Tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) of W-Ni composition was deposited from a blend of standard thermal spray powders using radio frequency inductively coupled plasma torch (RF-ICP) in a protective atmosphere. The deposit (RF WHA) contained a fully developed WHA structure; i.e.; spherical W particles embedded in a Ni-rich matrix. The bending tensile strength Rm; bending yield strength Rp;0.2; and elastic modulus of the deposit were compared with two W-Ni-Co references fabricated by powder metallurgy (PM WHA) via sintered and quenched (PMSQ); and forged and annealed (PM-FA). While the RF deposit properties are comparable with the PM-SQ reference; the PMFA exhibited higher mechanical properties. The deposit showed very limited ductility A &lt; 3%. The fatigue crack growth rate in the deposit measured in bending (R &lt; -1) was comparable to the PM-SQ reference material in the near-threshold region whereas the forged PM-FA had significantly better fatigue performance. In the near-threshold fatigue regime; the crack growth took place in the Ni-rich matrix. In the Paris regime; the similar fracture mode was observed; with the exception of PM-SQ; where the tungsten particles fracture contributed significantly. The static failure was exclusively trans-particle in RF WHA; while both PM WHAs failed by a mix of ductile matrix failure and trans-particle cleavage fracture. The fracture toughness of the deposit was significantly lower than the references. These early results indicate that RF-plasma spray is a suitable and efficient manufacturing method for production of WHA materials; however with limited mechanical properties in some aspects.
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Mahmoodian, Roza, Sorin Siegler, and Franco Capaldi. "Development of a Finite Element Model Framework for Studying Growth of Cartilage Anlage." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206851.

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Growth and remodeling are fundamental processes in the development of tissues in normal and pathological conditions. Mechanical quantities such as stress, strain or strain energy in the tissue can modulate its growth and remodeling; however, it is not clear yet which mechanical quantity takes this role. Experimental data can be found to support both. Furthermore, the driving-mechanism may be tissue-dependent and therefore, a universal growth law may not exist [7,8]. This field has been an important research topic in biomechanics over the recent decades. The review articles by Humphrey [4] and Taber [8] contain numerous related references. An important contribution was made by Rodriguez et al. [7] to the area of volumetric growth of soft elastic tissue which allowed for the coupling between stress and finite growth through multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into elastic and growth parts. This theory has been followed in our study. Our goal is to model growth of the hind foot cartilage anlagen in newborn infants, and explore effect of congenital anomalies on the otherwise normal development.
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Li, Zongchen, Xiaoli Jiang, Zhiping Liu, and Hans Hopman. "Internal Surface Crack Growth in Offshore Rigid Pipes Reinforced With CFRP." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78060.

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Rigid pipelines have been widely applied in offshore oil & gas operation and transmission industries on account of their structural simplicity, cost-effectiveness, ease of installation and maintenance. However, surface cracks frequently appear in the internal surface of rigid pipes due to dynamic loads or hydrogen embrittlement, etc. Under dynamic fatigue loads, surface cracks may continue to propagate and finally develop into penetrated cracks, which may cause leakage and serious accidents. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening technology is already a reliable technique for structure maintenance in onshore pipelines and penetrated cracks in load-bearing circular hollow sections (CHS). Nevertheless, there are very limited systematic investigations of surface crack in rigid pipes reinforced with FRP, which has a remarkable significance for offshore rigid pipes. This paper aims to understand the mechanism of semi-elliptical surface crack growth in the internal surface of rigid pipes under fatigue bending moment reinforced with FRP. Stress intensity factors along the crack front are computed through finite-element (FE) models, which are validated by experimental data from references. The influence of wrapping orientation of CFRP are discussed as well. The numerical results show that under CFRP reinforcement, surface crack growth rate decreases significantly which ensures the safety use of rigid pipes in offshore industry.
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Jiménez Romera, Carlos, Agustín Hernández Aja, and Mariano Vázquez Espí. "Urban compactness and growth patterns in Spanish intermediate cities." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6060.

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Contemporary processes of urbanization have outpaced the traditional notion of city. Connectivity has become a distinctive characteristic of urban spaces, so that networked cities don’t rely anymore on continuous urbanized areas, but on connections that rarely leave a direct spatial footprint. The new spatial structure of urban areas include greater inter-penetration of built-up and open spaces, and the emergence of urban enclaves, which can be spatially isolated despite being functionally connected to a city. In order to study these enclaves and their impact on urban form, a sample of 47 Spanish functional urban areas was examined, ranging from 36,000 to 6.0 million inhabitants. Land use polygons provided by SIOSE were grouped into three main categories (residential, non-residential and urban infrastructure) and cross-matched with functional urban areas defined by AUDES (an iterative method than combines morphological and functional criteria) in order to calculate compactness proximity index, gross and net density. Factors that influence urban compactness were identified: most northern and some coastal urban areas display a low compactness which can be attributed to orographic conditions; bigger cities tend to display high compactness, but smaller ones display a great diversity of values, from the highest to the lowest. A further analysis of small and intermediate cities helped to identify two complementary mechanisms of urban growth, spatial expansion of core areas and functional integration of peripheral nuclei, whose ocurrence in different proportions can explain the variation of compactness in the studied sample. References Angel, S.; Parent, J.; Civco, D. L. (2012) ‘The fragmentation of urban landscapes: global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990-2000’, Environment and Urbanization, 24 (1), 249-283. Ascher, F. (1995) Métapolis ou l'avenir des villes. (Paris: Éditions Odile Jacob.) Dupuy, G. (1991) L'urbanisme des réseaux, théories et méthodes. (Paris: Armand Colin.) Harvey, D. (1996) ‘Cities or urbanization?’, City 1 (2): 38-61. IGN (2007) SIOSE, Sistema de Información sobre Ocupación del Suelo (http://www.siose.es/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017. Ruiz, F. (2011) AUDES, Áreas Urbanas de España (http://alarcos.esi.uclm.es/per/fruiz/audes/), accessed 31 Jan. 2017.
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Wu, Wen-Fang. "Computer Simulation and Reliability Analysis of Fatigue Crack Propagation Under Random Loading." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0010.

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Abstract In order to study the behavior of fatigue crack propagation and fatigue reliability of a structural or mechanical component under random loading, a numerical simulation scheme and other analytical prediction models are proposed in this paper. The paper consists of (1) digital generation of random loading from random process theory; (2) numerical simulation of fatigue crack growth based on fracture mechanics concept; (3) a modified rain-flow cycle counting method for the identification of stress cycles and stress amplitudes; (4) Weibull probability density fit and other statistical analyses for the stress amplitudes as well as the crack growth curves; and (5) probabilistic models for the prediction of fatigue crack growth, fatigue life and fatigue reliability. Some conclusions are drawn at the end of this paper which can be used as references in the design of a structural or mechanical component under random loading.
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Kim, Hyeong-Jin, and David G. Lilley. "Basic Models in Fire Development." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9056.

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Abstract The ultimate goal of this study is to improve scientific understanding of fire behavior leading to flashover in structural fires. This document summarizes important information in five topic areas: burning rates, radiant ignition, fire spread rates, ventilation limit imposed by size of opening, and flashover criteria. These are the main components related to the scientific understanding of the fire growth and flashover problem involved in real-world structural fires. Within each topic area, there are four subsections dealing with background, theory, comments, and references. Main components of the study are to develop improved mathematical simulations so as to improve the accuracy of theoretical calculation and to develop and extend the range of knowledge and modeling capability so as to extend the range of available experimental data.
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Hayatdavoodi, Masoud. "Boundary Layer and Wake Region Simulation for Low Reynolds Number Flows Around Bluff Bodies Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79037.

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Two and three-dimensional flows around solid boundaries are interesting and important subjects to both scientists and engineers. Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is a relatively new computational method to simulate fluid flows by tracking the collision, advection and propagation of mesoscopic fluid particles. LBM is originated from the Cellular automata combined with kinetic theory and the Boltzmann equation. The method solves the explicit finite difference scheme lattice Boltzmann equations which are second order in space and first order in time. LBM does not attempt to solve the Navier-Stokes equations directly, however, it obeys them. The two-dimensional flows around square and circular cylinders are simulated with uniform and nonuniform grid structures using LBM. The boundary-layer growth and wake region physics are captured with small scale details, and the results are discussed in comparison with the available references for Reynolds numbers between 50 and 350. The compatibility of the method to simulate a flow around ship-shaped geometries and a combination of objects is also provided.
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MARKS-BIELSKA, Renata. "THE ROLE OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN CREATING CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: A CASE STUDY OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN POLAND." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.249.

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The author’s purpose has been to point to initiatives that can be undertaken by authorities in rural municipalities in order to create positive conditions for the growth of entrepreneurship in their territorial units. Parallel to a review of selected references, a survey method was employed, which relied on a questionnaire developed by the author and addressed to local authorities in all municipalities across Poland. Out of 2 479 Polish municipalities, 1 220 responded (d – measurement error = 2%), of which 770 were rural ones (49.17% of the rural municipalities in Poland). The socio-economic environment and spatial conditions of rural areas are different from the ones which prevail in an urban setting. Local governments are equipped with instruments with which they can take advantage of the potential they possess and thereby achieve their goals. Local authorities take initiatives together with the entrepreneurs who are already active in their municipality. Strategically orientated local government officials offer various forms of assistance to entrepreneurs. Regions, towns or municipalities are now competing fiercely for the capital. Developed land parcels (technical infrastructure) are no longer sufficient to attract investors. Other, innovative and business-friendly solutions must be looked for. A municipality which is successful in this search gain a competitive advantage, will attract some capital and, in a further perspective, will attain a high economic growth.
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Jolley, Victoria. "Central Lancashire New Town: the hidden polycentric supercity." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5945.

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From 1962 Lancashire, in England, became the focus of a major renewal scheme: the creation of a ‘super-city’ for 500,000 people. The last and largest New Town designated under the 1965 Act, Central Lancashire New Town (CLNT) differed from other New Towns. Although influenced by the ideals and example of Garden City model, its master plan followed new and proposed infrastructure to connect the sub-region’s poly-centricity. By unifying and expanding existing towns and settlements it aimed to generate prosperity on a sub-regional scale using the New Towns Act, rather than creating a single new self-sufficient urban development. CLNT’s scale, poly-centricity and theoretical growth made it unique compared to other new town typologies and, although not realised, its planning can be traced across Lancashire’s urban and rural landscape by communication networks and city-scale public and civic buildings. With reference to diagrams for the British New Towns of Hook, Milton Keynes and Civilia, this paper will contextualize and evaluate CLNT’s theoretical layout and its proposed expansion based on interdependent townships, districts and ‘localities’. The paper will conclude by comparing CLNT’s theoretical diagram with its proposed application and adaptation to the sub-region’s topographical physical setting. Keywords (3-5): Lancashire, New Towns, urban centres and pattern Conference topics and scale: Reading and regenerating the informal city References (100 words) RMJM (1967) in Ministry of Housing and Local Government (1967). Central Lancashire: Study for a City: Consultants’ Proposals for Designation, HMSO. Ministry of Housing and Local Government (1967). Central Lancashire: Study for a City: Consultants’ Proposals for Designation, HMSO.
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Como, Alessandra, Luisa Smeragliuolo Perrotta, and Carlo Vece. "Agro-Urban Landscape: the case study of Monteruscello-Naples." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6288.

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If the morphology and the studies on the urban form are closely related to the social aspects and are responsibility of architects and policy makers, the issue becomes even more complicated if we're talking about cities with a high number of buildings under public ownership or urban fragments with important dimensions. In Italy there is a very rare case of recent foundation that is the neighborhood Monteruscello in the city of Pozzuoli. Built in the 80s to face the bradisism events that had made uninhabitable other city areas, Monteruscello today, for its dimension, can be considered a "city in the city" where the 90% of the buildings are under public ownership. The neighborhood's project is designed by Agostino Renna who had built Monteruscello through analogical composition with fragments of spatial references of other places and cities. The architect has put in the neighborhood - mainly made up of rural areas - its urban model adapting it to the specific geography of places. During the years the neighborhood has never built an own identity becoming one of the most degraded areas of the city. The paper deals with the issue of urban form and morphology today starting from the study of Monteruscello - as imagined by its creator through the critical issues that underlie its design - and through an experimental design of a new agro-urban landscape for the neighborhood that involves three hectares of public green spaces - now abandoned - turning them into agricultural lands to urban use and growth resource. References Renna, A. (ed.) (1980) L’illusione e i cristalli : immagini di architettura per una terra di provincia (Clear, Roma) Giglia, A. (1997) Crisi e ricostruzione di uno spazio urbano : dopo il bradisismo a Pozzuoli : una ricerca antropologica su Monteruscello (Guerini, Milano) Capozzi, R. (ed.) (2016) Agostino Renna : la forma della città (Clean, Napoli) Pagano, L. (ed) (2012) Agostino Renna : rimontaggio di un pensiero sulla conoscenza dell’architettura : antologia di scritti e progetti 1964-1988 (Clean, Napoli)
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Reports on the topic "Growth references"

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Peacock, Richard D., Glenn P. Forney, and Paul A. Reneke. CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 6) Technical Reference Guide. National Institute of Standards and Technology, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.1026r1.

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Peacock, Richard D., Paul A. Reneke, and Glenn P. Forney. CFAST – Consolidated Model of Fire Growth and Smoke Transport (Version 7) Volume 1: Technical Reference Guide. National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1889v1.

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Appleyard, Bruce, Jonathan Stanton, and Chris Allen. Toward a Guide for Smart Mobility Corridors: Frameworks and Tools for Measuring, Understanding, and Realizing Transportation Land Use Coordination. Mineta Transportation Institue, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1805.

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The coordination of transportation and land use (also known as “smart growth”) has been a long-standing goal for planning and engineering professionals, but to this day it remains an elusive concept to realize. Leaving us with this central question -- how can we best achieve transportation and land use coordination at the corridor level? In response, this report provides a review of literature and practice related to sustainability, livability, and equity (SLE) with a focus on corridor-level planning. Using Caltrans’ Corridor Planning Process Guide and Smart Mobility Framework as guideposts, this report also reviews various principles, performance measures, and place typology frameworks, along with current mapping and planning support tools (PSTs). The aim being to serve as a guidebook that agency staff can use for reference, synergizing planning insights from various data sources that had not previously been brought together in a practical frame. With this knowledge and understanding, a key section provides a discussion of tools and metrics and how they can be used in corridor planning. For illustration purposes, this report uses the Smart Mobility Calculator (https://smartmobilitycalculator. netlify.app/), a novel online tool designed to make key data easily available for all stakeholders to make better decisions. For more information on this tool, see https://transweb.sjsu.edu/research/1899-Smart-Growth-Equity-Framework-Tool. The Smart Mobility Calculator is unique in that it incorporates statewide datasets on urban quality and livability which are then communicated through a straightforward visualization planners can readily use. Core sections of this report cover the framework and concepts upon which the Smart Mobility Calculator is built and provides examples of its functionality and implementation capabilities. The Calculator is designed to complement policies to help a variety of agencies (MPOs, DOTs, and local land use authorities) achieve coordination and balance between transportation and land use at the corridor level.
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Nolan, Brian, Brenda Gannon, Richard Layte, Dorothy Watson, Christopher T. Whelan, and James Williams. Monitoring Poverty Trends in Ireland: Results from the 2000 Living in Ireland survey. ESRI, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/prs45.

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This study is the latest in a series monitoring the evolution of poverty, based on data gathered by The ESRI in the Living in Ireland Surveys since 1994. These have allowed progress towards achieving the targets set out in the National Anti Poverty Strategy since 1997 to be assessed. The present study provides an updated picture using results from the 2000 round of the Living in Ireland survey. The numbers interviewed in the 2000 Living in Ireland survey were enhanced substantially, to compensate for attrition in the panel survey since it commenced in 1994. Individual interviews were conducted with 8,056 respondents. Relative income poverty lines do not on their own provide a satisfactory measure of exclusion due to lack of resources, but do nonetheless produce important key indicators of medium to long-term background trends. The numbers falling below relative income poverty lines were most often higher in 2000 than in 1997 or 1994. The income gap for those falling below these thresholds also increased. By contrast, the percentage of persons falling below income lines indexed only to prices (rather than average income) since 1994 or 1997 fell sharply, reflecting the pronounced real income growth throughout the distribution between then and 2000. This contrast points to the fundamental factors at work over this highly unusual period: unemployment fell very sharply and substantial real income growth was seen throughout the distribution, including social welfare payments, but these lagged behind income from work and property so social welfare recipients were more likely to fall below thresholds linked to average income. The study shows an increasing probability of falling below key relative income thresholds for single person households, those affected by illness or disability, and for those who are aged 65 or over - many of whom rely on social welfare support. Those in households where the reference person is unemployed still face a relatively high risk of falling below the income thresholds but continue to decline as a proportion of all those below the lines. Women face a higher risk of falling below those lines than men, but this gap was marked among the elderly. The study shows a marked decline in deprivation levels across different household types. As a result consistent poverty, that is the numbers both below relative income poverty lines and experiencing basic deprivation, also declined sharply. Those living in households comprising one adult with children continue to face a particularly high risk of consistent poverty, followed by those in families with two adults and four or more children. The percentage of adults in households below 70 per cent of median income and experiencing basic deprivation was seen to have fallen from 9 per cent in 1997 to about 4 per cent, while the percentage of children in such households fell from 15 per cent to 8 per cent. Women aged 65 or over faced a significantly higher risk of consistent poverty than men of that age. Up to 2000, the set of eight basic deprivation items included in the measure of consistent poverty were unchanged, so it was important to assess whether they were still capturing what would be widely seen as generalised deprivation. Factor analysis suggested that the structuring of deprivation items into the different dimensions has remained remarkably stable over time. Combining low income with the original set of basic deprivation indicators did still appear to identify a set of households experiencing generalised deprivation as a result of prolonged constraints in terms of command over resources, and distinguished from those experiencing other types of deprivation. However, on its own this does not tell the whole story - like purely relative income measures - nor does it necessarily remain the most appropriate set of indicators looking forward. Finally, it is argued that it would now be appropriate to expand the range of monitoring tools to include alternative poverty measures incorporating income and deprivation. Levels of deprivation for some of the items included in the original basic set were so low by 2000 that further progress will be difficult to capture empirically. This represents a remarkable achievement in a short space of time, but poverty is invariably reconstituted in terms of new and emerging social needs in a context of higher societal living standards and expectations. An alternative set of basic deprivation indicators and measure of consistent poverty is presented, which would be more likely to capture key trends over the next number of years. This has implications for the approach adopted in monitoring the National Anti-Poverty Strategy. Monitoring over the period to 2007 should take a broader focus than the consistent poverty measure as constructed to date, with attention also paid to both relative income and to consistent poverty with the amended set of indicators identified here.
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