Journal articles: 'Growth references'

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Sullivan, Kevin, Frederick Trowbridge, Jonathan Gorstein, and Alberto Pradilla. "Growth references." Lancet 337, no. 8754 (June 1991): 1420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)93113-n.

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Nolen, David S. "Publication and Language Trends of References in Spanish and Latin American Literature." College & Research Libraries 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl12-372.

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This study examined references found in three journals in the field of Spanish and Latin American literary studies. Few previous studies have examined types of publishers producing highly cited/referenced books. The data indicate that the primary publishers of scholarly monographs referenced in the journals are U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and foreign popular trade presses. U.S. university presses, foreign academic trade presses, and government entities published most of the volumes of collected essays referenced. Scholarly monographs published outside the U.S. represented the largest proportions of references, with large growth in references to volumes of collected essays published in the United States. References to English-language materials increased significantly from 1970 to 2000.

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&NA;. "Epidermal growth factor: recent references." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 727 (March 1990): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007270-00043.

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&NA;. "Epidermal growth factor: recent references." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 728 (March 1990): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007280-00036.

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Cole, T. J. "The development of growth references and growth charts." Annals of Human Biology 39, no. 5 (July 11, 2012): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2012.694475.

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Tarquinio, D. C., K. J. Motil, W. Hou, H. S. Lee, D. G. Glaze, S. A. Skinner, J. L. Neul, et al. "Growth failure and outcome in Rett syndrome: Specific growth references." Neurology 79, no. 16 (October 3, 2012): 1653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0b013e31826e9a70.

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Kułaga, Zbigniew, Aneta Grajda, Beata Gurzkowska, Magdalena Góźdź, Małgorzata Wojtyło, Anna Świąder, Agnieszka Różdżyńska-Świątkowska, and Mieczysław Litwin. "Polish 2012 growth references for preschool children." European Journal of Pediatrics 172, no. 6 (February 1, 2013): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-013-1954-2.

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Rolland-Cachera, Marie-Françoise, and Sandrine Péneau. "Assessment of growth: variations according to references and growth parameters used." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 94, suppl_6 (April 27, 2011): 1794S—1798S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.000703.

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Garza, C., E. Frongillo, and KG Dewey. "Implications of growth patterns of breast-fed infants for growth references." Acta Paediatrica 83, s402 (September 1994): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13352.x.

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Hutcheon, Jennifer A., and Jessica Liauw. "Should Fetal Growth Charts Be References or Standards?" Epidemiology 32, no. 1 (October 12, 2020): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001275.

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Isojima, Tsuyoshi, Satoru Sakazume, Tomonobu Hasegawa, Tsutomu Ogata, Toshio Nakanishi, Toshiro Nagai, and Susumu Yokoya. "Growth references for Japanese individuals with Noonan syndrome." Pediatric Research 79, no. 4 (December 9, 2015): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2015.254.

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Rehman, Abdul. "GROWTH STANDARDS AND CHARTS." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 02 (December 6, 2018): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.02.1970.

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There are a number of growth references available for children internationally butin 2006 the World health organization published growth standards for children 0 60 months.These growth standards have been adopted even by the developed countries though with somemodifications. This article discusses the various aspects of growth standards including plotting ofcharts and their interpretation.

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Silva, Simonete, José Maia, Albrecth L. Claessens, Gaston Beunen, and Huiqi Pan. "Growth references for Brazilian children and adolescents: Healthy growth in Cariri study." Annals of Human Biology 39, no. 1 (November 17, 2011): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2011.632646.

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Albertsson-Wikland, Kerstin G., Aimon Niklasson, Anton Holmgren, Lars Gelander, and Andreas F. M. Nierop. "A new type of pubertal height reference based on growth aligned for onset of pubertal growth." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 33, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 1173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0127.

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AbstractObjectivesGrowth references of today traditionally describe growth in relation to chronological age. Despite the broad variation in age of pubertal maturation, references related to biological age are lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we aimed to develop a new type of pubertal height reference for improved growth evaluation during puberty, considering individual variation in pubertal timing.MethodsLongitudinal length/height measures were obtained from birth to adult height in 1,572 healthy Swedish children (763 girls) born at term ∼1990 to nonsmoking mothers and Nordic parents, a subgroup of GrowUp1990Gothenburg cohort. A total height reference was constructed from Quadratic-Exponential-Puberty-Stop (QEPS)-function-estimated heights from individual height curves that had been aligned for time/age at onset of pubertal growth (5% of P-function growth). References that separated growth into specific pubertal heightSDS (P-function growth) and basic heightSDS (QES-function growth) were also generated.ResultsReferences (cm and SDS) are presented for total height, and height subdivided into that specific to puberty and to basic growth arising independently of puberty. The usefulness of the new pubertal growth reference was explored by identifying differences in the underlying growth functions that translate into differences in pubertal height gain for children of varying body mass, height, and with different pubertal timings.ConclusionsA new type of height reference allowing alignment of individual growth curves, based on the timing of the pubertal growth spurt was developed using QEPS-model functions. This represents a paradigm shift in pubertal growth research and growth monitoring during the adolescent period.

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Shea, Sarah K., Benjamin J. Likins, Andrea D. Boan, Roger B. Newman, and Matthew M. Finneran. "Dichorionic twin-specific vs singleton growth references for diagnosis of fetal growth restriction." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 224, no. 6 (June 2021): 603.e1–603.e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.022.

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Chirita Emandi, Adela. "Growth References for School Aged Children in Western Romania." Acta Endocrinologica (Bucharest) 8, no. 1 (2012): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4183/aeb.2012.133.

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Heude, Barbara, Pauline Scherdel, and Martin Chalumeau. "Standards or References: A Central Question for Growth Monitoring?" Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 31, no. 5 (August 16, 2017): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppe.12394.

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Haschke, Ferdinand, and Martin A. van't Hof. "Euro-Growth References for Length, Weight, and Body Circumferences." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 31 (July 2000): S14—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200007001-00003.

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Cleemann Wang, Amanda, Casper P. Hagen, Leila Nedaeifard, Anders Juul, and Rikke Beck Jensen. "Growth and Adult Height in Girls With Turner Syndrome Following IGF-1 Titrated Growth Hormone Treatment." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 8 (May 18, 2020): 2566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa274.

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Abstract Context Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) suffer linear growth failure, and TS is a registered indication for growth hormone (GH) treatment. GH is classically dosed according to body weight, and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations are recommended to be kept within references according to international guidelines. Objective To assess the effect of long-term GH treatment in girls with TS following GH dosing by IGF-1 titration. Design and setting A retrospective, real-world evidence, observational study consisting of data collected in a single tertiary center from 1991 to 2018. Patients A cohort of 63 girls with TS treated with GH by IGF-1 titration with a median duration of 6.7 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 3.4-9.7 years). Main outcome measures Longitudinal measurements of height, IGF-1, and adult height (AH) following GH treatment were evaluated and compared between the different karyotypes (45,X, 45,X/46,XX, or miscellaneous). Results Using GH dose titration according to IGF-1, only 6% of girls with TS had supranormal IGF-1 levels. Median dose was 33 µg/kg/day (IQR: 28-39 µg/kg/day) with no difference between the karyotype groups. AH was reached for 73% who attained a median AH of 1.25 standard deviation score (SDS) for age specific TS references (IQR: 0.64-1.50 SDS), and a median gain in height (ΔHSDS: AH SDS minus baseline height SDS of TS references) of 0.50 SDS, equal to 3.2 cm (SD 7.68) for all karyotypes. Conclusion Our real-world evidence study suggested that titration of GH dose to keep IGF-1 levels within the normal range resulted in a lower AH gain than in studies where a fixed dose was used.

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Doan, Stacey N., Helen Y. Lee, and Qi Wang. "Maternal mental state language is associated with trajectories of Chinese immigrant children’s emotion situation knowledge." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418783271.

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We investigated the role of mothers’ references to mental states and behaviors and children’s emotion situation knowledge (ESK) in a prospective, cross-cultural context. European American mothers ( n = 71) and Chinese immigrant mothers ( n = 60) and their children participated in the study. Maternal references to mental states and behaviors were assessed at Time 1 when children were three years of age. ESK was assessed when children were 3, 3.5, and 4.5 years of age. Multi-group latent growth curve analyses were used to model children’s growth in ESK over time, as well as relations between mental state language and references to behaviors on children’s trajectories. Results indicated that maternal references to mental states were associated with concurrent levels of ESK for European American children, and change over time for the Chinese immigrant children. Maternal references to behaviors were negatively associated with concurrent ESK for both groups.

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Munkhzaya, M., N. Khuderchuluun, O. Chimedsuren, and L. Undram. "HEIGTH, WEIGHT AND BMI CENTILES OF SCHOOLCHILDREN OF ULAANBAATAR, MONGOLIA: COMPARISON WITH WHO AND CDC GROWTH REFERENCES." EurasianUnionScientists 2, no. 4(73) (May 12, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.2.73.660.

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Background: In Mongolia, children’s growth monitored by WHO and CDC growth charts. The purpose of the study was to compare the growth of UB school children with the WHO and CDC growth reference curves. Methods: 8046 pupils aged 6-17 years old participated in the study. The subjects were sampled 4044 boys and 4002 girls. Height and weight were measured with Physician Beam Scale. Growth references were generated by the LMS method. The centiles were compared to the WHO and CDC. The 3rd, 50th and 97th centiles were plotted along with the corresponding values of WHO and CDC. Results: In Mongolian children the overall height was below compared to both WHO and CDC references, with the highest differences at 12-17 years, 14-17 years and 13-17 years of age at P3, P50 and P97 respectively. Body weight in girls of UB city was slightly heavier compared to the WHO and CDC counterparts on the 3rd and 50th centiles, but on the 97th centile the WHO and CDC counterparts became significantly heavier than Mongolian girls, especially at the 12-17 years of age. Body weight in boys of UB city was lighter than the WHO and CDC references at 12-17 years old age. In Mongolian children BMI was greater on the 3rd centile. But on the 50th centile the BMI of Mongolian boys became smaller at 14-17 years old compared to WHO and CDC references Conclusion: The height, weight and BMI values of developed growth curves for Mongolian school children differ compared to the WHO and CDC growth references, especially for schoolchildren aged 12 years and upwards.

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Nyankovskyy, Serhiy, Katarzyna Dereń, Justyna Wyszyńska, Olena Nyankovska, Edyta Łuszczki, Marek Sobolewski, and Artur Mazur. "First Ukrainian Growth References for Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index for Children and Adolescents Aged 7 to 18 Years." BioMed Research International 2018 (November 11, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9203039.

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Introduction. To date, growth centiles of children and adolescents have not been created in Ukraine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to construct reference growth charts for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of Ukrainian school-aged children and to compare them with World Health Organization references from 2007 for children’s BMI. Material and Methods. Among the representative sample of 13,712 students (aged 7 to 18 years) who were included in this study, 6,582 (48%) were boys and 7,130 (52%) were girls. Assessments of height, body mass, and BMI of participants were performed. Reference charts were developed using LMS models within the ChartMaker lms program. Results. We present first growth references for height, weight, and body mass index for Ukrainian children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years. The younger Ukrainian pediatric population (7-13 years) was heavier than population reported in the multiethnic WHO references, while the older (13-18 years) had lower body weight comparing to the same references from WHO. Conclusions. The constructed reference growth charts are a benchmark for following secular trends in Ukraine and are also an optimal clinical tool for health care. We recommend national implementation of the Ukrainian reference growth charts for anthropometric measurements.

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Orden, Alicia B., María F. Torres, Luis Castro, María F. Cesani, María A. Luis, Fabián A. Quintero, and Evelia E. Oyhenart. "Physical growth in schoolchildren from Argentina: Comparison with Argentinean and CDC/NCHs growth references." American Journal of Human Biology 21, no. 3 (May 2009): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20861.

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Blackwell, Aaron D., Samuel S. Urlacher, Bret Beheim, Christopher von Rueden, Adrian Jaeggi, Jonathan Stieglitz, Benjamin C. Trumble, Michael Gurven, and Hillard Kaplan. "Growth references for Tsimane forager-horticulturalists of the Bolivian Amazon." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 162, no. 3 (November 7, 2016): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23128.

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Neyzi, Olcay, Andrzej Furman, Ruveyde Bundak, Hulya Gunoz, Feyza Darendeliler, and Firdevs Bas. "Growth references for Turkish children aged 6 to 18 years." Acta Paediatrica 95, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08035250600652013.

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Tudehope, David, Kristen Gibbons, Barbara Cormack, and Frank Bloomfield. "Growth monitoring of low birthweight infants: What references to use?" Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 48, no. 9 (September 2012): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02534.x.

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Kułaga, Zbigniew, Mieczysław Litwin, Marcin Tkaczyk, Iwona Palczewska, Małgorzata Zajączkowska, Danuta Zwolińska, Tomasz Krynicki, et al. "Polish 2010 growth references for school-aged children and adolescents." European Journal of Pediatrics 170, no. 5 (October 23, 2010): 599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1329-x.

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Dai, Can, Quan Chen, Tao Wan, Fan Liu, Yanbing Gong, and Qingfeng Wang. "Literary runaway: Increasingly more references cited per academic research article from 1980 to 2019." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): e0255849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255849.

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References are employed in most academic research papers to give credits and to reflect scholarliness. With the upsurge in academic publications in recent decades, we are curious to know how the number of references cited per research article has changed across different disciplines over that time. The results of our study showed significant linear growth in reference density in eight disciplinary categories between 1980 and 2019 indexed in Web of Science. It appears that reference saturation is not yet in sight. Overall, the general increase in the number of publications and the advanced accessibility of the Internet and digitized documents may have promoted the growth in references in certain fields. However, the seemingly runaway tendency should be well appreciated and objectively assessed. We suggest that authors focus on their research itself rather than on political considerations during the process of writing, especially the selection of important references to cite.

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Tanaka, H., H. Ishii, T. Yamada, K. Akazawa, S. Nagata, and Y. Yamashiro. "Growth of Japanese breastfed infants compared to national references and World Health Organization growth standards." Acta Paediatrica 102, no. 7 (May 30, 2013): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.12262.

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Mihaela Alexandra, Tudor, and Bratosin Stefan. "French Media Representations towards Sustainability: Education and Information through Mythical-Religious References." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052095.

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The present article aims to analyze the representations and the role of symbolic forms of mythical-religious thought in the mediatization of sustainability. A main corpus of items, composed of the media information and news offer covered by the mainstream French media, and a secondary corpus, as important, related to Francophone scientific articles, was considered. The study, conducted on French media news referenced by the Google search engine between 2009 and 2018, highlights a production of secular meaning of sustainability through mythical-religious references, a growth in the spiritualization of media content of the journalistic offer on sustainability, and the hegemony of the media, the omnipotence of the mediatized thing producing “an effect of Church” by legitimizing a certain “truth” of the information.

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Binns, Colin, and MiKyung Lee. "Will the new WHO growth references do more harm than good?" Lancet 368, no. 9550 (November 2006): 1868–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69772-9.

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van't Hof, Martin A., and Ferdinand Haschke. "Euro-Growth References for Body Mass Index and Weight for Length." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 31 (July 2000): S48—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-200007001-00005.

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Ohuma, Eric O., Tsi Njim, and Megan C. Sharps. "Current Issues in the Development of Foetal Growth References and Standards." Current Epidemiology Reports 5, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40471-018-0168-6.

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Madsen, André, Ninnie B. Oehme, Mathieu Roelants, Ingvild S. Bruserud, Geir Egil Eide, Kristin Viste, Robert Bjerknes, et al. "Testicular Ultrasound to Stratify Hormone References in a Cross-Sectional Norwegian Study of Male Puberty." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 6 (October 26, 2019): 1888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz094.

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Abstract Context Testicular growth represents the best clinical variable to evaluate male puberty, but current pediatric hormone references are based on chronological age and subjective assessments of discrete puberty development stages. Determination of testicular volume (TV) by ultrasound provides a novel approach to assess puberty progression and stratify hormone reference intervals. Objective The objective of this article is to establish references for serum testosterone and key hormones of the male pituitary-gonadal signaling pathway in relation to TV determined by ultrasound. Design, Setting, and Participants Blood samples from 414 healthy Norwegian boys between ages 6 and 16 years were included from the cross-sectional “Bergen Growth Study 2.” Participants underwent testicular ultrasound and clinical assessments, and serum samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry and immunoassays. Main Outcome Measures We present references for circulating levels of total testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone–binding globulin in relation to TV, chronological age, and Tanner pubic hair stages. Results In pubertal boys, TV accounted for more variance in serum testosterone levels than chronological age (Spearman r = 0.753, P < .001 vs r = 0.692, P < .001, respectively). Continuous centile references demonstrate the association between TV and hormone levels during puberty. Hormone reference intervals were stratified by TV during the pubertal transition. Conclusions Objective ultrasound assessments of TV and stratification of hormone references increase the diagnostic value of traditional references based on chronological age or subjective staging of male puberty.

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Wang, Zhiqiang, and Reg S. Sauve. "Assessment of Postneonatal Growth in VLBW Infants: Selection of Growth References and Age Adjustment for Prematurity." Canadian Journal of Public Health 89, no. 2 (March 1998): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404400.

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Duan, Bin, Shaoqi Chen, Xiaohan Chen, Chenyu Zhu, Chen Tang, Shuguang Wang, Yicheng Gao, Shaliu Fu, and Qi Liu. "Integrating multiple references for single-cell assignment." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 14 (May 25, 2021): e80-e80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab380.

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Abstract Efficient single-cell assignment is essential for single-cell sequencing data analysis. With the explosive growth of single-cell sequencing data, multiple single-cell sequencing data sources are available for the same kind of tissue, which can be integrated to further improve single-cell assignment; however, an efficient integration strategy is still lacking due to the great challenges of data heterogeneity existing in multiple references. To this end, we present mtSC, a flexible single-cell assignment framework that integrates multiple references based on multitask deep metric learning designed specifically for cell type identification within tissues with multiple single-cell sequencing data as references. We evaluated mtSC on a comprehensive set of publicly available benchmark datasets and demonstrated its state-of-the-art effectiveness for integrative single-cell assignment with multiple references.

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Schwarz, Norbert G., Martin P. Grobusch, Marie-Luise Decker, Julia Goesch, Marc Poetschke, Sunny Oyakhirome, Davy Kombila, et al. "WHO 2006 child growth standards: implications for the prevalence of stunting and underweight-for-age in a birth cohort of Gabonese children in comparison to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts and the National Center for Health Statistics 1978 growth references." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 7 (July 2008): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007001449.

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AbstractObjectivesTo assess the proportion of children being stunted and underweight-for-age at 3, 9 and 15 months in Lambaréné, Gabon, using the WHO child growth standards released in 2006 as compared with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) 1978 child growth charts/references.Design and settingProspective birth cohort in Lambaréné, Gabon.SubjectsTwo hundred and eighty-nine children from birth to 15 months of age.MethodsWeight and length were recorded at 3, 9 and 15 months. CorrespondingZscores for stunting and underweight-for-age were calculated for the three different standards/references. Children with a height-for-age or weight-for-age below –2sdof the corresponding reference median (Zscore ≤−2) were classified as stunted or underweight-for-age, respectively.ResultsWith the new WHO 2006 standards a higher proportion (4·0 %) of 3-month-old infants were underweight compared with the CDC (1·0 %) or the NCHS (0·7 %) child growth charts/references. In contrast to the NCHS references or the CDC charts, this proportion did not increase from 3 to 9 months or from 9 to 15 months. The proportion of children being stunted was highest (above 20 %) with the WHO 2006 standards at all three ages. Again, in contrast to the old standards, this proportion did not increase from 3 to 9 months or from 9 to 15 months.ConclusionsThe present results show considerably different growth faltering patterns for Gabonese children depending on the growth charts used to assess the prevalence of stunting and underweight. Shifting to the new WHO child growth standards may have important implications for child health programmes.

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de Onis, Mercedes, Adelheid Onyango, Elaine Borghi, Amani Siyam, Monika Blössner, and Chessa Lutter. "Worldwide implementation of the WHO Child Growth Standards." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 9 (April 12, 2012): 1603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001200105x.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe the worldwide implementation of the WHO Child Growth Standards (‘WHO standards’).DesignA questionnaire on the adoption of the WHO standards was sent to health authorities. The questions concerned anthropometric indicators adopted, newly introduced indicators, age range, use of sex-specific charts, previously used references, classification system, activities undertaken to roll out the standards and reasons for non-adoption.SettingWorldwide.SubjectsTwo hundred and nineteen countries and territories.ResultsBy April 2011, 125 countries had adopted the WHO standards, another twenty-five were considering their adoption and thirty had not adopted them. Preference for local references was the main reason for non-adoption. Weight-for-age was adopted almost universally, followed by length/height-for-age (104 countries) and weight-for-length/height (eighty-eight countries). Several countries (thirty-six) reported newly introducing BMI-for-age. Most countries opted for sex-specific charts and the Z-score classification. Many redesigned their child health records and updated recommendations on infant feeding, immunization and other health messages. About two-thirds reported incorporating the standards into pre-service training. Other activities ranged from incorporating the standards into computerized information systems, to providing supplies of anthropometric equipment and mobilizing resources for the standards’ roll-out.ConclusionsFive years after their release, the WHO standards have been widely scrutinized and implemented. Countries have adopted and harmonized best practices in child growth assessment and established the breast-fed infant as the norm against which to assess compliance with children's right to achieve their full genetic growth potential.

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de Wilde, JA, M. Peters-Koning, and BJC Middelkoop. "Misclassification of stunting, underweight and wasting in children 0–5 years of South Asian and Dutch descent: ethnic-specific v. WHO criteria." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 12 (June 1, 2020): 2078–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019004464.

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AbstractObjective:Several authors have questioned the suitability of WHO Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS) for all ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to identify potential misclassification of stunting, underweight and wasting in children of Surinamese Asian Indian, South Asian (Pakistan/India) and Dutch descent.Design:A series of routine cross-sectional measurements, collected 2012–2015. South Asian-specific normative growth references for weight-for-age and weight-for-length/height were constructed using the LMS method based on historic growth data of Surinamese Asian Indians born between 1974 and 1976. WHO-CGS and ethnic-specific references were applied to calculate z-scores and prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting.Setting:Youth HealthCare, providing periodical preventive health check-ups.Participants:11 935 children aged 0–5 years.Results:Considerable deviations from WHO-CGS were found, with higher-than-expected stunting rates, especially in the first 6 months of life. Surinamese Asian Indian children showed stunting rates up to 16·0 % and high underweight and wasting over the whole age range (up to 7·2 and 6·7 %, respectively). Dutch children consistently had mean WHO-CGS z-scores 0·3–0·5 sd above the WHO baseline (>6 months). The application of ethnic-specific references showed low rates for all studied indicators, although South Asian children were taller and larger than their Surinamese Asian Indian counterparts.Conclusions:WHO-CGS misclassify a considerable proportion of children from all ethnic groups as stunted in the first 6 months of life. Underweight and wasting are considerably overestimated in Surinamese Asian Indian children. Ethnic-specific growth references are recommended for Surinamese Asian Indian and Dutch children. The considerable differences found between South Asian subpopulations requires further research.

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Tarupi, Wilmer Alexander, Yvan Lepage, Roland Hauspie, María Luisa Félix, Claude Monnier, Joanne Campbell, Mathieu Roelants, Ricardo Hidalgo, and Martine Vercauteren. "Cross-sectional study of child and adolescent growth in Ecuador." Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica 21, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 006. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18536387e006.

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Child growth is internationally recognized as an important indicator for monitoring health in populations. There exists a wide controversy regarding the use of international growth standards versus local references. This study seeks to construct reference growth curves for school-age Ecuadorian children and adolescents, and to compare them with World Health Organization (WHO) standards, in order to identify the differences and their public health implications. The study authors enrolled 2891 children (1644 girls and 1247 boys) aged 5 to 18 years, from a variety of climatic zones and ethnic groups. LMS method was used to construct Ecuadorian curves for height, weight and Body Mass Index. Comparisons of Ecuadorian and WHO curves were graphically illustrated. U.S children were taller than Ecuadorian children across all age ranges, with larger differences between the two populations in children over 13 years. Consequently, estimates of low height and extremely low height, as well as overweight, obese and undernourished, were significantly different between WHO standards and the Ecuadorian references. Population-specific growth curves may be more adequate for growth monitoring of Ecuadorian children than WHO growth curves. We advocate for the construction of an Ecuadorian growth reference for clinical use based on national population, from conception to maturity, as an accurate instrument for monitoring growth.

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Rudolf, M. C. J. "Growth of primary school children: a validation of the 1990 references and their use in growth monitoring." Archives of Disease in Childhood 83, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.83.4.298.

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Demir, Korcan, Ergun Konakçı, Güven Özkaya, Belde Kasap Demir, Samim Özen, Murat Aydın, and Feyza Darendeliler. "New Features for Child Metrics: Further Growth References and Blood Pressure Calculations." Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0127.

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Christesen, Henrik Thybo, Birgitte Tønnes Pedersen, Effie Pournara, Isabelle Oliver Petit, and Pétur Benedikt Júlíusson. "Short Stature: Comparison of WHO and National Growth Standards/References for Height." PLOS ONE 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2016): e0157277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157277.

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Fry, A. G., I. M. Bernstein, and G. J. Badger. "Comparison of fetal growth estimates based on birth weight and ultrasound references." Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 12, no. 4 (January 2002): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/jmf.12.4.247.252.

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McCarthy, H. David. "Measuring growth and obesity across childhood and adolescence." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 73, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665113003868.

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The dramatic rise in childhood obesity has driven the demand for tools better able to assess and define obesity and risk for related co-morbidities. In addition, the early life origins of non-communicable diseases including type 2 diabetes are associated with subtle alterations in growth and body composition, including total and regional body fatness, limb/trunk length and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Consequently improved tools based on national reference data, which capture these body components must be developed as the limitations of BMI as a measure of overweight and obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk are now recognised. Furthermore, waist circumference as a measure of abdominal fatness in children is now endorsed by the International Diabetes Federation and National Institute for Clinical and Health Excellence for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. The present paper aims to review the research on growth-related variations in body composition and proportions, together with how national references for percentage body fat, SMM and leg/trunk length have been developed. Where collection of these measures is not possible, alternative proxy measures including thigh and hip circumferences are suggested. Finally, body ratios including the waist:height and muscle:fat ratios are highlighted as potential measures of cardiometabolic disease risk. In conclusion, a collection of national references for individual body measures have been produced against which children and youths can be assessed. Collectively, they have the capacity to build a better picture of an individual's phenotype, which represents their risk for cardiometabolic disease beyond that of the capability of BMI.

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Denham, Bryan E. "English doping suspension trigger event for U.S. news." Newspaper Research Journal 38, no. 2 (June 2017): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739532917716174.

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This study examined the extent to which a “trigger event” in European sports altered coverage of doping in United States newspapers. Specifically, the study analyzed references to human growth hormone (hGH) before and after English rugby player Terry Newton became the first athlete to test positive for hGH. The research observed increases in hGH references following an announcement that Newton had tested positive and would receive a two-year ban from competition.

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King, Jason. "Which Gradualism? Whose Relationships?" Horizons 43, no. 1 (May 13, 2016): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hor.2016.4.

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The 2014 extraordinary meeting of the Synod of Bishops explicitly referenced gradualism three times in the Relatio post Disceptationem. Is this moral theology concept helpful for analyzing relationships? This question is more difficult than it first seems. One needs to first ask “which gradualism,” as the three references imply three different understandings: Gradualism as Growth in Holiness, Gradualism as Pastoral Practice, and Gradualism as Inclusivism. Second, one must ask “whose relationship” it can help. I turn to hookup culture as it is a ubiquitous phenomenon on college campuses. As only Gradualism as Inclusivism proves helpful in hookup culture, it has the best potential to help those pursuing good relationships that might not readily align with church teaching.

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Riedlová, Jitka, Markéta Paulová, Jana Vignerová, Marek Brabec, Petr Sedlak, and Dagmar Schneidrová. "The Low Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Czech Breastfed Infants and Young Children: An Anthropological Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214198.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of children who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed for at least 6 months compared to Czech references that were constructed based on a representative sample of children, regardless of their mode of feeding. Between 2008 and 2011, a longitudinal study on the growth of breastfed infants was carried out in the Czech Republic. Forty-three GP pediatricians addressed parents at 18-month preventive examinations and collected data on the families’ socio-economic conditions and the infants’ feeding conditions. The children were measured (length, weight, and head circumference), and anthropometric measurements from 10 previous preventive examinations were obtained from the health records. Out of the collected 1775 questionnaires, 960 children were selected according to the criteria of the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study. For the purpose of this study, 799 children who were exclusively or predominantly breastfed for at least 6 months were selected. We found that the proportions of children who were classified as overweight (>90th percentile) or obese (>97th percentile) at 6, 12, and 18-month examinations were far below the proportions of the Czech references. An update of the Czech references and growth charts is highly recommended by GP pediatricians for the valid assessment of growth and nutritional status, including a screening of overweight and obesity in primary preventive health care.

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Chen, Qian, Jiaxiu Liu, Kaocong Tian, and Zhaohai Liu. "Height/Length and Weight Growth Curves and Growth References of Children Aged 0 - 7 in Chongqing by GAMLSS." Health 12, no. 02 (2020): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2020.122007.

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Iannotti, Lora L., Nelly Zavaleta, Zulema León, and Laura E. Caulfield. "Growth and Body Composition of Peruvian Infants in a Periurban Setting." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 30, no. 3 (September 2009): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650903000305.

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Background Previous growth studies of Peruvian children have featured high stunting rates and limited information about body composition. Objective We aimed to characterize anthropometric measures of Peruvian infants 0 to 12 months of age in relation to the international growth references and biological, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Methods Infants ( n = 232) were followed longitudinally from birth through 12 months of age from a prenatal zinc supplementation trial conducted in Lima, Peru, between 1995 and 1997. Anthropometric measures of growth and body composition were obtained at enrollment from mothers and monthly through 1 year of age from infants. Weekly morbidity and dietary intake surveillance was carried out during the second half of infancy. Results The prevalence rates of stunting, underweight, and wasting did not exceed 4% based on the World Health Organization growth references. Infants of mothers from high-altitude regions had larger chest circumference ( p = .006) and greater length ( p = .06) by 12 months. Significant predictors of growth and body composition throughout infancy were age, sex, anthropometric measurements at birth, breastfeeding, maternal anthropometric measurements, primiparity, prevalence of diarrhea among children, and the altitude of the region of maternal origin. No associations were found for maternal education, asset ownership, or sanitation and hygiene factors. Conclusions Peruvian infants in this urban setting had lower rates of stunting than expected. Proximal and familial conditions influenced growth throughout infancy.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Growth references'

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