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Journal articles on the topic 'Growth reserve'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ishaka, Audu Jimoh, and Joseph Adavani Adam. "MODELING THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL RESERVES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA: AN APPLICATION OF AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG." Business and Economics in Developing Countries 1, no. 1 (2023): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/bedc.01.2023.34.39.

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The article investigates the effect of foreign exchange reserves on Nigerian economic growth from 1970 and 2022. The methodology used to confirm the presence of a correlation between Nigeria’s external reserves and economic growth was the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Bounds Test and Error Correction Model. It was revealed that an increase in the gross domestic product was positively and significantly correlated with external reserve. The findings suggest that, over the long term, Nigeria’s external reserve, currency rate, export, import, and money supply all have a significant and bene

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Cheng, Gong. "A GROWTH PERSPECTIVE ON FOREIGN RESERVE ACCUMULATION." Macroeconomic Dynamics 19, no. 6 (2014): 1358–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100513000862.

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Based on a dynamic open-economy macroeconomic model, this paper analyzes the motive for foreign reserve accumulation in fast-growing emerging economies. The demand for foreign reserves stems from the interaction between productivity growth and underdevelopment of the domestic financial market. As domestic firms are credit-constrained, domestic saving instruments are necessary to increase their retained earnings in order to invest in capital. The central bank plays the role of a financial intermediary and provides liquid public bonds while investing the bond proceeds abroad in the form of forei

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Gerber, Leah R., Selina S. Heppell, Ford Ballantyne, and Enric Sala. "The role of dispersal and demography in determining the efficacy of marine reserves." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 4 (2005): 863–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-046.

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Marine reserves are rapidly becoming an important tool for protection and recovery of depleted marine populations. However, the relative value of reserves to particular species is strongly dependent on its life history and behavior. We present a general conceptual framework for considering dispersal in simple demographic models. This framework includes transition matrices that consist of two age-structured models connected by transition probabilities for general migration, ontogenetic shifts, and recruitment in both a reserve and an unprotected area. We show that life history characteristics a

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Cheng, Lailiang, and Leslie H. Fuchigami. "Regrowth Performance of Apple Nursery Plants in Relation to Reserve and Current Uptake of Nitrogen." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 451c—451. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.451c.

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Gala/M26 apple plants previously treated with foliar urea (0%, 2%, and 4%) were fertigated with or without 15N-depleted ammonium nitrate by using a modified Hoagland solution after transplanting in the spring. Plants with high N reserves had significantly greater growth than plants with low N reserves. More nitrogen was remobilized for new shoot and leaf growth in plants with high N reserves than plants with low N reserves. The amount of reserve N used for new shoot and leaf growth was not affected by current supply of nitrogen. There was no significant difference in the amount of nitrogen fro

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KUHTA, A. E., and O. V. MAKSIMOVA. "EFFECTS OF VEGETATION PERIOD CLIMATIC FACTORS ON SCOTS PINE INCREMENT FOR THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AND THE WHITE SEA COAST." Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, no. 1 (January 2022): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.52002/0130-2906-2022-1-72-83.

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The response of the indexed series of linear increments of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L., 1753 (class Pinopsida , order Pinales , family Pinaceae ) to the current and preceding growing season precipitation in different biotopes of the Kerzhenskii state nature biosphere reserve and Polar Circle reserve is analyzed. For both reserves, a higher (but more stable in magnitude) variability of the increments as compared to wet and dry biotopes over the period of long-term observations is shown for fresh habitats. The results indicate availability of moisture resources in fresh biotopes in both reser

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Clouse, James A., Sebastian Infante, and Zeynep Senyuz. "Market-Based Indicators on the Road to Ample Reserves." FEDS Notes, no. 2025-01-31 (January 2025): None. https://doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3704.

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As noted in the excerpt above, the FOMC's Plans for Reducing the Size of the Federal Reserve's Balance Sheet envisioned a methodical approach to balance sheet normalization in which the passive runoff of securities holdings would stop when reserves levels are "somewhat above the level it judges to be consistent with ample reserves." Once balance sheet runoff stops, reserve balances would continue to decline with the growth of non-reserve liabilities for some time until they reach ample levels. The SOMA portfolio would then start growing with reserve management purchases in line with the growth

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ICHIE, TOMOAKI, IKUO NINOMIYA, and KAZUHIKO OGINO. "Utilization of seed reserves during germination and early seedling growth by Dryobalanops lanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 17, no. 3 (2001): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467401001250.

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We studied the resource allocation process of a large-seeded species, Dryobalanops lanceolata, during germination and early stages of seedling growth in Sarawak, East Malaysia. The seeds contained high contents of starch (74.3% of the total 1.57 g mean dry weight of the cotyledon) and lipid (15.0%). All of these reserves were exhausted by the time the first two pairs of leaves had developed (about 40 d after planting), but relatively little had been reserved in leaf or root by that time. This suggests that the large amount of seed reserve of D. lanceolata is necessary just to form a certain si

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8

Basu, Parantap. "Reserve ratio, seigniorage and growth." Journal of Macroeconomics 23, no. 3 (2001): 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0164-0704(01)00170-7.

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9

Malyshev, P. "Features of Reserve Assets’ Management in Asian Countries." World Economy and International Relations, no. 3 (2011): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-3-28-36.

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The article focuses on reasons and consequences of rapid growth of reserve assets in Asian countries over the last decade. The main trends related to changes of structure, currency composition and management of reserve assets in the region are considered by the example of China, Japan, Korea, Singapore and India. Special emphasis is placed on the problem of excess reserves and their diversification during the global financial crisis.

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Lashley, Philip, and M. Rose Olfert. "Off-Reserve Employment Options For On-Reserve First Nations In Canada." Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development 8, no. 2 (2013): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/jaed324.

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Alternative land management options for First Nations are intended to improve their well-being through on-Reserve economic development. Another means by which First Nations are increasing their participation in the economy is through migration off Reserve, primarily urban centres. A third, to date neglected, means by which First Nations participate in the economy is through accessing off-Reserve employment while retaining Reserve residence. While positive urban agglomeration spillovers in the form of employment opportunities for rural populations are well established for the general population

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Aprilia, Anisa, Edlyn Khurotul Aini, Kartika Putri Kumalasari, and Yusri Fajar. "A preliminary study on determining factors of sustainable tourism based on residents’ attitudes towards biosphere reserve areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1153, no. 1 (2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1153/1/012009.

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Abstract The rapid influx of tourists to the biosphere reserve is feared to cause major environmental problems. In the meantime, one of the most important parts of the sustainable growth of tourism in biosphere reserves is the acceptance and tolerance of tourists shown by residents. This study attempts to assess and validate the local residents’ attitude towards the sustainable tourism development in Alas Purwo National Park’s Biosphere Reserve Area using a sustainable tourism attitude scale. This park is located in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia, a popular tourist destination designated as

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Olena, Judina. "Koefitsiently analysis of economic growth and backup development of hotel and restaurant industry." Economic journal Odessa polytechnic university 2, no. 8 (2019): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591906.

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On the basis of elaborated model of multiple regression of manufacturing and commercial activity that establishes regularities of interaction between factor and resulting parameters, the presented article contains ratio-based analysis of economic growth and reserve development of enterprises of hotel and restaurant business. The paper comprises elaborated analytic ratios that determine reserves of economic development, characterize the scope of differential impact of investigated factors on the operational efficiency and profitability rate of the enterprise as well as the share of contribution

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Takashina, Nao. "On the spillover effect and optimal size of marine reserves for sustainable fishing yields." PeerJ 8 (August 25, 2020): e9798. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9798.

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Marine reserves are an essential component of modern fishery management. Marine reserves, which represent a management tradeoff between harvesting and conservation, are fundamental to maintenance of fisheries. Finding optimal reserve sizes that improve fishing yields is not only of theoretical interest, but also of practical importance to facilitate decision making. Also, since the migratory behavior of some species influences the spillover effect of a marine reserve, this is a key consideration when assessing performance of marine reserves. The relationship between optimal reserve size and mi

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Stockhausen, William T., and Romuald N. Lipcius. "Single large or several small marine reserves for the Caribbean spiny lobster?" Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01179.

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The ‘SLOSS’ debate—Single Large Or Several Small protected areas—remains unresolved. We used a heuristic model based on population dynamics of Caribbean spiny lobster in Exuma Sound, Bahamas, to compare impacts of regional reserve designs that configured 20% of available coastal habitat as either a randomly located single large reserve or a network of six small, randomly located reserves on three performance indicators (fishery yield, larval production, population growth rate) for a hypothetical overexploited lobster population. Two additional management strategies were considered: one reduced

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Xatamov, Baxromjon Yakubjanovich, Dilafruz Baxodir kizi Xurramova, and Madinabonu Muzaffar kizi Majidova. "GROWTH OF ARCHIE SPECIES DEPENDING ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS." EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 1, no. 3 (2021): 406–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4974594.

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This article studies the growth of juniper species in mountain forests and its essence is to increase the reserves of juniper trees, which form the basis of mountain forests in our country. Therefore, when solving the problem, the main tendencies of changes in the state of juniper plantations, natural and artificial reforestation, undergrowth, grass cover and soil, with unregulated grazing, as well as their restoration in the reserve mode, were simultaneously studied.

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Cui, Hengyuan, and Peijie Jiang. "Inflation, Monetary Policy, and Economic Impact: Taking the Federal Reserve's Interest Rate Hike as an Example." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 30, no. 1 (2023): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/30/20231479.

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The Federal Reserves interest rate hike is one of the key topics of the current research. Due to the status of the dollar in the global economy, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hike has a profound impact. Therefore, this article collected and analyzed the data of interest rate increases of the Federal Reserve in the past five years. This article discusses the reasons for inflation, as well as the impact of the Federal Reserve's interest rate hike on the foreign exchange market. This paper found that the Federal Reserves interest rate hike has almost no effect on curbing inflation. As the F

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STUKEN, T. YU, N. V. MAKOVSKAYA, T. A. LAPINA, and O. S. KORZHOVA. "MIDDLE MANAGERS’ LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH RESERVES IN RUSSIAN AND BELARUSIAN ORGANIZATIONS." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Economics 20, no. 3 (2022): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1812-3988.2022.20(3).99-111.

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Currently the effectiveness of personnel is the most important factor in the success of the organization. That is why the assessment of factors and reserves for the growth of labor productivity is necessary for every organization. Special attention should be paid to the evaluation of middle managers activities. Until recently, there was an opinion that middle managers as a separate social group did not exist - it was believed that their functionality and social capital did not differ from the functionality and social capital of other managers. It has now been proven that middle managers are a

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Ivlieva, O. V., and E. A. Perepechaeva. "Inclusive technologies in ecotourism: The case of Caucasian Biosphere Reserve." Services in Russia and Abroad 17, no. 5 (2023): 134–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10428814.

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<em>The article reveals the issues and development prospects for ecological tourism, one of the important directions of tourism development in natural protected areas. Ecotourism is an impetus for economic growth in the region and has great socio-cultural significance. Ecotourism has a great development potential for the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve. Ecotourism allows tourists to join nature and get a memorable opportunity to interact with unique natural objects. The experience of developing accessible infrastructure in reserves around the world shows that this area is in demand. Creating an ac

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Freeman, Debbie J., Paul A. Breen, and Alison B. MacDiarmid. "Use of a marine reserve to determine the direct and indirect effects of fishing on growth in a New Zealand fishery for the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 5 (2012): 894–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-032.

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The effects of fishing on growth in a spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii , were explored by using a no-take marine reserve as a control for these effects. We analysed data from lobster tag–recapture studies outside the reserve from 1975 until the present and tag–recapture from inside the reserve during a recent 8-year study. We explored whether recent and historical data showed similar growth and, using catch per unit effort (CPUE) data from research potting and commercial returns, whether growth rates in this lobster species were affected by population density. Despite the confounded nature of th

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Shuguang, Zhang, and Zhang Bin. "Growth of China's foreign exchange reserve." China Economic Journal 1, no. 1 (2008): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17538960701564874.

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21

Ganjanakhundee, Supalak. "Laos: a reserve for Thai growth." Asian Review 20, no. 1 (2007): 31–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.58837/chula.arv.20.1.2.

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22

Ding*, Pinghai, Minggang Cui, and Leslie H. Fuchigami. "Effects of the Fall Foliar Urea Application on N Reserves and Fruiting Performance of Gala/M26 Apple Trees in Pot-in-Pot System." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 796A—796. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.796a.

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Reserve nitrogen is an important factor for plant growth and fruiting performance in tree fruit crops. The fall foliar urea application appears to be an efficient method for increasing N reserves. The effect of fall foliar urea application on N reserves and fruiting performance were studied with four year old `Gala'/M26 trees grown in 20 gallon containers in a pot-in-pot system from 2001 to 2003 at the Lewis-Brown Horticulture Farm of Oregon State Univ.. The trees were either sprayed with 0 or 2 times 3% urea after harvest in October. Shoot and spur samples were taken at the dormant season for

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Bates, Terence R., Richard M. Dunst, and Paula Joy. "Seasonal Dry Matter, Starch, and Nutrient Distribution in 'Concord' Grapevine Roots." HortScience 37, no. 2 (2002): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.2.313.

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Three-year-old field-grown 'Concord' (Vitis labruscana Bailey) grapevines were destructively harvested at eight growth stages during 1998 to quantify growth, carbohydrate distribution, and nutrient concentrations of different organs. The roots were the major storage organ for carbohydrates and nutrients, accounting for 84% of the starch and 75% of nitrogen stored in the vines at the beginning of the season. About 78% of the reserve starch in the vine was used for prebloom root and shoot growth. Early-season fine-root growth was a sink for stored vine nitrogen; however, the fine roots quickly b

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Elephant, D. E., N. Miles, and P. Muchaonyerwa. "Accounting for potassium reserves and fixation in developing sugarcane fertiliser requirements." Soil Research 57, no. 1 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17300.

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Knowledge gaps exist in the literature regarding inclusion of reserve-potassium (K) and K fixation when formulating K fertiliser requirements for sugarcane. This study investigated the levels of reserve-K and K fixation in the soils of the South African sugar industry, as well as their potential impacts on K requirements for crop growth. The investigation involved 113 topsoil (0–20cm) samples, which included Acrisols, Arenosols, Ferralsols, Fluvisols, Leptosols, Luvisols, Nitisols, Plinthisols, and Vertisols. The release of K from the non-exchangeable reserves was measured using 1.0M boiling H

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Kaur, Manpreet, Yamini Tak, Surekha Bhatia, Bavita Asthir, José M. Lorenzo, and Ryszard Amarowicz. "Crosstalk during the Carbon–Nitrogen Cycle That Interlinks the Biosynthesis, Mobilization and Accumulation of Seed Storage Reserves." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 21 (2021): 12032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222112032.

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Carbohydrates are the major storage reserves in seeds, and they are produced and accumulated in specific tissues during the growth and development of a plant. The storage products are hydrolyzed into a mobile form, and they are then translocated to the developing tissue following seed germination, thereby ensuring new plant formation and seedling vigor. The utilization of seed reserves is an important characteristic of seed quality. This review focuses on the seed storage reserve composition, source–sink relations and partitioning of the major transported carbohydrate form, i.e., sucrose, into

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Cheng, Lailiang, and Leslie H. Fuchigami. "615 Growth Performance of Transplanted Young Apple Trees in Relation to Reserve Nitrogen and Carbohydrates." HortScience 34, no. 3 (1999): 553D—553. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.553d.

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Reserve N and carbohydrate levels of bench-grafted Fuji/M26 plants were altered by fertigation with seven N concentrations from 30 June to 1 Sept. in combination with or without 3% foliar urea application in mid-October. The plants were harvested after natural leaf fall and stored at 2 °C. One set of plants were destructively sampled in January for reserve N and carbohydrates analysis, and the remaining plants were transplanted into a N-free medium in the spring and supplied with or without 5 mM 15N-ammonium nitrate in a Hoagland solution for 60 days after budbreak. Plants fertigated with high

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Kang, Yuan, Yingying Cang, Jingru Zhang, and Shiyuan Zhou. "Assessment of Winter Indoor Humiture and Spatial Optimization of Rural Residential Buildings in Mengda National Nature Reserve, China." Buildings 15, no. 8 (2025): 1366. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081366.

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The development of global nature reserves is currently in a rapid growth phase. One of the key challenges in establishing nature reserves is balancing environmental protection with rural residential development within these areas, where housing plays a crucial role in the built environment. Successful residential architecture in nature reserves typically meets residents’ diverse needs and environmental protection requirements by considering regional ecology, culture, economic conditions, natural environment, indoor thermal comfort, and energy consumption. This study examines rural residential

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Beeri, Itai, Dan Gottlieb, Ido Izhaki, Tzipi Eshet, and Noam Cohen. "The Impact of Training on Druze Entrepreneurs’ Attitudes Towards and Intended Behaviors Regarding Local Sustainability Governance: A Field Experiment at the Mount Carmel Biosphere Reserve." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (2020): 4584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114584.

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This article expands our understanding of biosphere reserve management by exploring the effect of green business-guidance training. Biosphere reserves promote conservation while enabling sustainable use by local communities, in keeping with the notion of local sustainability governance. In practice, however, many local communities regard biosphere reserves as an obstacle to their economic growth and prosperity, resulting in active resistance to them. Given this complexity, we ask whether green business-guidance training changes entrepreneurs’ attitudes towards and intended behaviors regarding

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Ahmedullah, M. Ahmed. "Effect of Defoliation on the Translocation and Use of Photosynthates in Grapevine." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 881F—881. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.881f.

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On potted Carignane grapevines, the following three leaf removal treatments were used: 1) six basal leaves allowed; 2) all leaves left on the vine; and 3) all leaves left on the vine except shoot tip, darkened by covering the leaves with aluminum-coated paper bags. Translocation and use of photosynthates was studied using C14 in the season of application and in the following year. In the season of C14 application, the roots and trunk were the major sinks. Reserve photosynthates were used to support current-season growth following budbreak in all three treatments. Treatments 1 and 2 showed simi

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Rylands, Anthony B., and Alexine Keuroghlian. "Primate populations in continuous forest and forest fragments in Central Amazonia." Acta Amazonica 18, no. 3-4 (1988): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921988183307.

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Population densities of six primate species (Saguinus midas, Pithecia pithecia, Cebus apella, Chiropotes satanas, Alouatta seniculus and Ateles paniscus) were estimated in continuous forest and in isolated reserves (one of 100 ha and four of 10 ha). Saguinusdensities in the continuous forest were found to be low, probably due to the lack of edge habitat and second growth favoured by them; Pithecia, Cebus and Ateles populations are also low, possibly because of more widely distributed and/or less abundant food sources than is true for other Amazonian regions, although hunting in the past, parti

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Alencar, Nara L. M., Renato Innecco, Enéas Gomes-Filho, et al. "Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and early seedling establishment of Cereus jamacaru D.C. ssp. jamacaru (Cactaceae)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 84, no. 3 (2012): 823–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652012000300024.

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Cereus jamacaru, a Cactaceae found throughout northeast Brazil, is widely used as cattle food and as an ornamental and medicinal plant. However, there has been little information about the physiological and biochemical aspects involved in its germination. The aim of this study was to investigate its reserve mobilization during germination and early seedling growth. For this, C. jamacaru seeds were germinated in a growth chamber and collected at 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 12 days after imbibition for morphological and biochemical analyses. Dry seeds had wrinkled seed coats and large, curved embryos.

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Govorun, O., and O. Ptashenchuk. "LEPIDOPTERA OF THE MYKHAILIVSKA TSILYNA NATURE RESERVE." Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences, no. 3 (October 11, 2023): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.24-38.

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This work presents the results of the analysis of literature sources and the results of own research on the Lepidoptera of the Nature Reserve “Mykhailivska tsilyna”. In total, during 2019-2023, about 800 specimens of lepidopterans were collected on the reserve territory. The work presents a generalized list of lepidopteran species documented on the territory of the reserve which is supplemented by the results of research over the past three years. Since the Nature Reserve foundation in 2009, livestock grazing has been banned and haying areas have been limited, which has led to significant over

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Acuña-Maldonado, Laura Elisa, and Marvin P. Pritts. "Carbon and Nitrogen Reserves in Perennial Strawberry Affect Plant Growth and Yield." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 133, no. 6 (2008): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.133.6.735.

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Early spring growth of perennial strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) plants is supported by the carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) reserves accumulated from the previous growing season. The limitations of these reserves on the initial spring growth and yield of perennial strawberries have not been studied in detail, particularly the influence of N reserves. Differential N fertigation (0 to 20 mm N) was applied to potted strawberries during the growing season and a supplemental foliar urea application was applied to a portion of the plants in the fall to modify reserve N during dormancy. Plant N c

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Rajanbabu, R., and A. Srilaka. "Analysis on Growth of Foreign Exchange Reserves in India Since 1960-61 to 2017-18." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 8, no. 2 (2019): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.2.1549.

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This paper is primarily concerned with an analysis of the growth and trends in the foreign exchange reserves of India. It is based on secondary data and the data reliable for analysis are collected from handbook of statistics on Indian economy and the website of Reserve Bank of India. The study covers the period of 58 years from 1960-1961 to 2017-18. The collected data have been used for analysis with the help of compound growth rate. The analysis of the data reveals that foreign exchange reserves have significantly changed over the years. All the indicators noticed notable growth rate during

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Li, Kaida. "A Study on the stability of international reserve currency." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 12, no. 1 (2018): 2519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v12i1.7061.

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This article uses the dynamic analysis of the small country open economic framework (Obstfeld and Rogoff) to establish a basic supply and demand model of two countries, which solves the stable condition that the international reserve currency reaches the balance. The equilibrium stability condition of reserve currency is that the solvency growth rate of reserve currency countries is not lower than the real yield of reserve currency and the actual output growth rate of the non-reserve currency countries, while the reserve currency countries should have larger economic volume. The test of the Br

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Elroukh, Ahmed Wassal. "What Determines Egypt’s Demand for Foreign Reserves?" Jordan Journal of Economic Sciences 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/jjes.v11i1.1454.

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Objective: The main objective of this paper is to identify the determinants of the demand for foreign reserves in Egypt. Methods: The buffer stock model, quarter-century data spanning over the past 20 years, and Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression are all employed to estimate Egypt's demand function for foreign reserves, assess its stability, and predict how swiftly it may change if the underlying Cointegrated connection is disturbed. Results: The results reveal that exports and imports have elasticities of demand for foreign reserves of 1.16 and -3.69, respectively. Moreover, Eg

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O. R., Lasisi,, and Fijabi, K. L. "Foreign Reserve and Economic Growth: A Comparative Analysis of Nigeria and Ghana." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 7, no. 3 (2024): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-ngjjjchu.

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This paper examined the comparative analysis of the effect of foreign exchange reserve on the economic growth of Nigeria and Ghana. The foreign reserve was proxy by country external reserve, while economic growth was equally proxy by Gross Domestic Product. Data extracted for the sampled period were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. An ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Data were obtained for sixty-four (64) years (1960-2023) from the reports of World Bank for Ghana and Nigeria. Regression test for the hypothesis was set at a significance level of 5%.

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Jacob, Richard, and Angel Magungu. "Relationship between Foreign Exchange Reserves and Economic Growth in Tanzania: Application of Wald Granger-Causality Test." Rural Planning Journal 25, no. 2 (2024): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.19.

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The study investigates the causal relationship between foreign exchange reserves and economic growth in Tanzania from 1990-2021. The study employed the Wald Granger-Causality Test to examine the causal relationship between variables. The results from the Wald Granger-Causality- Test revealed the unidirectional causal effect of economic growth on foreign exchange reserves. This implies that the value of economic growth can be used to predict the future value of foreign exchange reserves in Tanzania in the short and long run. In contrast, foreign exchange reserves cannot be used to predict the e

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Andryeyeva, Natalya, Nina Khumarova, and Tatiana Nikolaychuk. "Aligning the social, environmental, and economic interests of “green growth” of the Ukrainian nature reserve fund objects." Environmental Economics 10, no. 1 (2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.10(1).2019.07.

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The article is devoted to the issues of forming the institutional basis for “green growth” of the Ukrainian Nature Reserve Fund territories in the context of aligning the society’s social, environmental, and economic interests. The methodological approaches to forming the institutional basis for “green growth” of the Ukrainian Nature Reserve Fund territories in conditions of the need to transform the approaches regarding the interaction with small and medium-sized businesses were developed. The main focus is on the issues of studying the existing institutional risks, institutional “traps,” and

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Butswat, I. S., S. T. Mbap, and G. G. Yibis. "ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LIVESTOCK IN AND OUTSIDE THE WASE GRAZING RESERVE." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 24, no. 2 (2021): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v24i2.2382.

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The performance of livestock in Wase was assessed using flocks and herds in and outside the Grazing Reserve. Age at first calving of cattle in and outsides the grazing reserve was 5 years. The corresponding calving of 92 for cattle in the grazing reserve was higher (P < 0.05) than that of 54 for cattle outside the grazing reserve. Ages at first lambing of sheep in and outsider were 12.5 and 13 months respectively. Lambing interval however was 8.6 months5 and 71 while corresponding lambing percentage were 71. Average age at first kidding in goats in the grazing reserve was 12 months while ou

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Kashif, M., N. Singhal, S. Goyal, and S. K. Singh. "Foreign Exchange Reserves and Economic Growth of Brazil: A Nonlinear Approach." Finance: Theory and Practice 28, no. 1 (2024): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2024-28-1-145-154.

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The research aims to look at the linear and nonlinear causal relationships between Brazil’s accumulated international reserves and economic growth from 1989 Q1 through 2021 Q4. For empirical investigation, this study employed econometric procedures such as the Augmented Dickey Fuller and Zivot-Andrews unit root tests, the linear Granger causality test, Johansen’s cointegration test, the BDS test, and the nonlinear Granger causality test proposed by Hiemstra and Jones. The study concluded that there is a bidirectional linear and non-linear causality between foreign exchange reserve and economic

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Obstfeld, Maurice, Jay C. Shambaugh, and Alan M. Taylor. "Financial Stability, the Trilemma, and International Reserves." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2, no. 2 (2010): 57–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.2.57.

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The rapid growth of international reserves, a development concentrated in the emerging markets, remains a puzzle. In this paper, we suggest that a model based on financial stability and financial openness goes far toward explaining reserve holdings in the modern era of globalized capital markets. The size of domestic financial liabilities that could potentially be converted into foreign currency (M2), financial openness, the ability to access foreign currency through debt markets, and exchange rate policy are all significant predictors of reserve stocks. Our empirical financial-stability model

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Hogan, John D. "Monetary policy - conventional and unconventional : taming the financial crisis." Economics and Business Review 12, no. 2 (2012): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2012.2.845.

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Induced by the Great Recession of 2007-2009, and especially by the 2008 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve (Fed) undertook unconventional policies that probably saved the financial system from meltdown, but may have effected far-reaching consequences for years ahead. Quite apart from fulfilling its mandates to promote economic growth and maintain stable prices, the Fed made loans to specific financial institutions, accepted hitherto ineligible collateral, and purchased bonds that vastly enlarged its balance sheet and created unprecedented levels of excess bank reserves. How these events cam

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Rogiers, Suzy Y., Jason P. Smith, Bruno P. Holzapfel, and W. James Hardie. "Soil temperature moderates grapevine carbohydrate reserves after bud break and conditions fruit set responses to photoassimilatory stress." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 11 (2011): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10240.

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In cultivated grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), suboptimal photoassimilatory conditions during flowering can lead to inflorescence necrosis and shedding of flowers and young ovaries and, consequently, poor fruit set. However, before this study it was not known whether carbohydrate reserves augment fruit set when concurrent photoassimilation is limited. Carbohydrate reserves are most abundant in grapevine roots and soil temperature moderates their mobilisation. Accordingly, we grew potted Chardonnay grapevines in soil at 15°C (cool) or 26°C (warm) from bud break to the onset of flowering to manip

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Ezeokoye Lucky Ignatius, Mbaeri Ndidiamaka Clara, and Ihejirika Andrew Chidiebere. "Floating exchange rate and economic growth in Nigeria." Gulf Journal of Advance Business Research 3, no. 3 (2025): 851–60. https://doi.org/10.51594/gjabr.v3i3.115.

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The exchange rate, when solely determined through the interplay of market forces of demand and supply, is expected to be self-adjusting, realistic, and without the need for official intervention by Central Banks. However, despite the managed floating exchange rate policy being practiced in Nigeria, a realistic exchange rate has remained elusive to the detriment of the economy. Hence, this study examined the impact of floating exchange rate regime on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2023, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimation technique in line with the study objectiv

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Tabatabaei, S. A. "The Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Reserve Utilization and Germination Percentage of Treated Seeds of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 47, no. 1 (2014): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2014-0003.

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ABSTRACT In order to investigate salinity stress on seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of treated seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an experiment was carried out. Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replicates. To create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, -12 and -16 bar were used. For seed priming, gibberellin (GA) 50 ppm was used. Our results showed that treatment × drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seed

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Khalilian, Amir, Jafar Haghighat, Hossein Asgharpur, and Davood Behboudi. "The Effects of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Environmental Pollutants in Iran: A Nonlinear Approach." Journal of Technology in Entrepreneurship and Strategic Management 3, no. 1 (2024): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.jtesm.3.1.4.

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Environmental quality is influenced by various factors, one of the significant factors is monetary and financial policies. Therefore, the present study deals with the effects of monetary and financial policies on environmental pollutants in Iran using a non-linear approach during the years 1980-2020. The results of the study show that in the short term of carbon dioxide emission in the previous period, the economic growth rate, the legal reserve rate and the ratio of taxes to GDP have a positive effect on the emission of environmental pollutants, and government spending has a negative effect o

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Rachmad, Sri Hartini, Meilisa Hajriani, Muhammad Basorudin, et al. "Boosting Housing Markets: Amplifying Reserve Requirements for Greater Economic Growth, Insights from China and Indonesia." Jurnal Sains Matematika dan Statistika 10, no. 1 (2024): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jsms.v10i1.25895.

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Enhancing the inclusivity, safety, resilience, and sustainability of urban areas, as outlined in Goal 11 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be accomplished by 2030, entails ensuring universal access to adequate, secure, and affordable housing along with essential services, and the enhancement of informal settlements. Consequently, numerous megacities worldwide grapple with burgeoning populations, precipitating a surge in housing costs, particularly exacerbated by volatile financial environments. The post-2013 financial recuperation in the United States precipitated a capital exodus

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Echobu, John, Emmanuel Apedzan Kighir, and Stella Nonyelum Odunko. "Imports, Exports and Foreign Reserves in Nigeria: Exploring the Long and Short-Run Relationships from the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Approach." FUDMA Journal of Accounting and Finance Research [FUJAFR] 2, no. 3 (2024): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fujafr-2024.v2i3.59.73-83.

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The imports of goods and services, a component of international trade, can boost economic progress when carried out on productive commodities. However, excessive imports of goods and services also stifle the growth of indigenous industries. Understanding the short- and long-run relationships between imports and other macroeconomic factors is necessary for planning by managers of the economy. This study examined the relationship between imports, exports, and foreign reserves in Nigeria for 10 years spanning from 2012 to 2021. Monthly time series data were tested for stationarity using the augme

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Wang, Z., K. Huang, H. Mahmoud, and B. Quebedeaux. "Effects of Decreasing Temperature and Photoperiod on Carbohydrate Reserve Accumulation and 14C-Photosynthate Partitioning in Apple." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 452d—452. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.452d.

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Carbohydrate reserves are major substrates for cold hardiness and respiration during winter and for early growth during the following season for most woody plants. In apple, carbohydrate reserve accumulation occurs mainly in late summer and autumn as temperature and photoperiod decrease. However, information on the response of reserve carbohydrate accumulation and photosynthate partitioning into sorbitol, sucrose, and starch in apple to decreasing temperature and photoperiod is limited. One-year-old `Gala' apple plants were grown in controlled environments at 26 °C and 16-h photoperiod for 50

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