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Academic literature on the topic 'GSM band'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 12 April 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "GSM band"

Rao, Hanumantha, Ambika A, Nagaratna V, Ramya Sri C, and Varshini B S. "Safety Band for Girl’s." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2023): 4230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.51256.

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Abstract: Women’s safety plays a very vital role now a days due to rising crimes against women. To help resolve this issue we propose a GPS based women’s safety system that has dual security feature. The proposed system consists of a dual alert that is buzzer and message is sent through GSM. This system can be turned on by a woman in case she even thinks she would be in trouble. This Project presents a women safety detection system using GPS and GSM modems. The system can be interconnected with the alarm system and alert the neighbors. This detection and messaging system is composed of a GPS receiver, GPS Receiver gets the location information from satellites in the form of latitude and longitude. The user receives the information from GSM which receives the processed information from the Microcontroller. A GSM modem is interfaced to the MCU. The GSM modem sends an SMS to the predefined mobile number. When a woman is in danger and in need of self-defense then she can press the switch, which is allotted to her. By pressing the switch, the entire system will be activated then immediately a SMS will be sent to concern person with location using GSM and GPS.

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Ahriz, Iness, Yacine Oussar, Bruce Denby, and Gérard Dreyfus. "Full-Band GSM Fingerprints for Indoor Localization Using a Machine Learning Approach." International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2010 (June 24, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/497829.

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Indoor handset localization in an urban apartment setting is studied using GSM trace mobile measurements. Nearest-neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Multilayer Perceptron, and Gaussian Process classifiers are compared. The linear Support Vector Machine provides mean room classification accuracy of almost 98% when all GSM carriers are used. To our knowledge, ours is the first study to use fingerprints containing all GSM carriers, as well as the first to suggest that GSM can be useful for localization of very high performance.

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Hong, Youngtaek, Jinpil Tak, Jisoo Baek, Bongsik Myeong, and Jaehoon Choi. "Design of a Multiband Antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS Band Operation." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/548160.

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This paper proposes a multiband antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS band operation. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered planar inverted-F antenna with an additional branch line for wide bandwidth and a folded-loop antenna. The antenna provides a wide bandwidth to cover the hepta-band LTE/GSM/UMTS operation. The measured 6 dB return loss bandwidth is 169 MHz (793–962 MHz) at the low-frequency band and 1030 MHz (1700–2730 MHz) at the high-frequency band. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 55 mm × 110 mm × 5 mm.

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YALDUZ, Hüsnü, and Hüseyin ÇİZMECİ. "DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-BAND COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA IN GSM1900/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-BAND FREQUENCY BANDS FOR VEHICLE APPLICATIONS." Journal of Scientific Reports-A, no. 052 (March 29, 2023): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1201301.

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This study focuses the design and analysis of a compact, multi-band microstrip patch antenna for wireless communications operations. The design antenna exhibits distinct quad resonance frequency bands I from 1.879 GHz to 1.986 GHz, II from 3.1 GHz to 3.87 GHz, and III from 4.97 GHz to 6.515 GHz, IV from 7.26 GHz to 8.6 GHz, which covers GSM 1.900 GHz, WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz), DSRC 5.9 GHz and WiMAX (3.5/5.5 GHz) bands. In addition, it can also support the X-band from 7.26 to 8.6 GHz. The antenna is designed on an inexpensive substrate of FR4 with dimensions of 36(L) × 25(W) mm2 and consists of two branches of curved strips for a quad-band response. The antenna is designed and analyzed using electromagnetic 3D computer simulation software. The designed antenna can provide advantages in GSM/WLAN/WiMAX/DSRC/X-band satellite applications for vehicle communication with four resonant frequency bands, nearly omnidirectional radiation characteristics, and acceptable gain.

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Riyantika, Regina, and Dadang Gunawan. "Feasibility Analysis of GSM-R System for Railways in Indonesia: Case Study of Jakarta Bandung High Speed Train." Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management 3, no. 1 (August 25, 2023): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/jrssem.v3i1.544.

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High-speed railway technology development necessitates the development of a communication system that supports various components of train operation facilities, such as train control, safety communication, and others. The construction of fhigh-speed railway in Indonesia in the Jakarta-Bandung area uses the Chinese Train Control System (CTCS) Level 3 signaling system, which makes the Global System for Mobile Communication-Railway (GSM-R) a wireless signaling network system. Because there are already existing GSM-based public telecommunications services, known as public GSM, on the same frequency used by a number of cellular operators in Indonesia, the use of GSM-R poses implementation challenges. This will result in reduced service quality and revenue for protected cellular network operators due to the use of these frequency bands to support the operation of high-speed railway services in Indonesia. In this study, an evaluation was carried out to look for other potentials from using the GSM 900 MHz frequency band, which can be used as an option to be implemented on high-speed trains in Indonesia. The research begins with calculating the estimated potential loss of revenue from using telecommunications network operators. This data will be analyzed in terms of the economic feasibility of several other frequency band choices for implementing the GSM 900 MHz frequency band on high-speed trains in Indonesia, so that it is hoped that this will become a new consideration that can become a solution and recommendation in the application and use of GSM-R technology in Indonesia.

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Danladi, A., NW Silika, and PG Vasira. "RECEIVE SIGNAL STRENGTH PREDICTION IN THE GSM BAND USING WAVELET DECOMPOSITION." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.22.

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In this work, GSM receive signal strength was monitored in an indoor environment. Samples of GSM receive signal strength was measured on a Mobile Equipment (ME). One-dimensional multilevel wavelet decomposition technique was used to predict the fading phenomenon of the GSM receive signal strength measured. Wavelet prediction revealed that the GSM receive signal strength is attenuated due to the slow fading phenomenon, which fades about 3 times faster than the radio wavelength. The prediction is further validated using probability density functions in terms of Gaussian and Rayleigh distributions. It is observed that, significant part of the signal strength measured is dominated by good signal (- 101 dBm to – 74 dBm) with an average of – 88.8842 dBm and the signal strength followed more of Gaussian than Rayleigh distribution. This confirmed the wavelet prediction. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i1.22

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Li, Simon C., I. Tseng Tang, Yu Lieh Shih, Hsu Yang Cheng, and Wen Fan Chang. "A Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Octa-Band Operations of Smart Handsets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.436.

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This paper applies planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) to design a smart handset antenna in accordance with octa-band operations, as GSM 850 (824-894 MHz), GSM 900 (880-960 MHz), GSM 1800/1900, DCS 1800 (1710-1880 MHz), PCS 1900 (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), IEEE 802.11b WLAN (2400-2484 MHz) and LTE (700 MHz/2300 MHz/2600 MHz) band operations for S11-6 dB. The entire antenna is 75 × 22 × 5.8 mm3with one-quarter wavelength design of hub. With the inter-coupling between dual branch circuit radiation and multiple branch circuit radiation, the wideband for GSM 1800/1900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, IEEE 802.11b WLAN and LTE 700/2300/2600 is generated. When integrating with mobiles, the designed ground plane area is also taken into consideration. In this case, the ground plane area can be increased in accordance to the system motherboard.

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Rajauria, Vaishali. "Cone Shaped Multiband Antenna for Wireless Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 20, 2021): 1752–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35363.

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In this paper multi-band microstrip-fed monopole antenna is proposed to apply Satellite communication, GSM 860 & GSM 1800. A cone-shaped defected patch antenna with the reduced ground plane is proposed to build a multi-band antenna. Because of the defective patch, the antenna resonating in triple bands 860MHz, 1.8GHz &2. 1GHz.The size of the antenna is 72*1.6*100 mm3. The antenna simulation is done on CST software using FR-4 substrate.

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Lai, Wai-Ru, Yi-Bing Lin, and Herman Chung-Hwa Rao. "Analysis and modeling of dual-band GSM networks." Journal of Communications and Networks 1, no. 3 (September 1999): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.1999.6596946.

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Sowlati, T., D. Rozenblit, R. Pullela, M. Damgaard, E. McCarthy, Dongsoo Koh, D. Ripley, F. Balteanu, and I. Gheorghe. "Quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE polar loop transmitter." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 39, no. 12 (December 2004): 2179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2004.836335.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "GSM band"

Park, Yunseo. "Direct Conversion RF Front-End Implementation for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and GSM/WCDMA Dual-Band Applications in Silicon-Based Technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7563.

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This dissertation focuses on wideband circuit design and implementation issues up to 10GHz based on the direct conversion architecture in the CMOS and SiGe BiCMOS technologies. The dissertation consists of two parts: One, implementation of a RF front-end receiver for an ultra-wideband system and, two, implementation of a local oscillation (LO) signal for a GSM/WCDMA multiband application. For emerging ultra-wideband (UWB) applications, the key active components in the RF front-end receiver were designed and implemented in 0.18um SiGe BiCMOS process. The design of LNA, which is the critical circuit block for both systems, was analyzed in terms of noise, linearity and group delay variation over an extemely wide bandwidth. Measurements are demonstrated for an energy-thrifty UWB receiver based on an MB-OFDM system covering the full FCC-allowed UWB frequency range. For multiband applications such as a GSM/WCDMA dual-band application, the design of wideband VCO and various frequency generation blocks are investigated as alternatives for implementation of direct conversion architecture. In order to reduce DC-offset and LO pulling phenomena that degrade performance in a typical direct conversion scheme, an innovative fractional LO signal generator was implemented in a standard CMOS process. A simple analysis is provided for the loop dynamics and operating range of the design as well as for the measured results of the factional LO signal generator.

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Zaraket, Elie. "Réalisation d’une 'méta-peau' récupératrice d’énergie électromagnétique pour des applications WBAN." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0035.

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Les progrès récents dans le domaine des technologies biomédicales et de la santé connectée ont considérablement accéléré le développement de dispositifs flexibles et portables pour une surveillance continue de la santé. Le marché de l'Internet des Objets Médicaux (IoMT) devrait connaître une croissance rapide avec un taux annuel de 38.5% entre 2024 et 2032, largement porté par les Réseaux de Capteurs Corporels Sans Fil (WBAN). Cependant, la conception de dispositifs IoT portables, miniaturisés et biocompatibles, capables de fonctionner de manière autonome, reste un défi majeur, en particulier pour les capteurs physiologiques. Cette thèse propose le développement d’un système portable de récupération d'énergie sous la forme d’un dispositif appliqué sur la peau, destiné à la surveillance de l'état physiologique. L’un des principaux défis de ce travail réside dans l’impact du corps humain sur les performances des antennes, qui sont directement influencées lorsqu’elles sont positionnées sur la peau. Les Conducteurs Magnétiques Artificiels (AMC) apparaissent comme une solution prometteuse en tant que réflecteurs pour des antennes à faible profil fonctionnant dans les bandes GSM et WiFi. Grâce à leurs propriétés de réflexion à phase nulle, les AMCs permettent d’améliorer les performances des antennes tout en éliminant la nécessité d’un plan de masse volumineux de type quart d’onde. Les tests expérimentaux réalisés sur une antenne à double bande équipée d’un AMC ont démontré une distorsion minimale des performances pour les applications WBAN. Enfin, l’intégration d’un convertisseur RF-DC permet à la rectenna de fonctionner comme un collecteur d’énergie portable et autonome, tout en fournissant une tension redressée de 1V à environ -17.5 dBm, ce qui est suffisant pour alimenter certains capteurs physiologiques
Recent advancements in remote healthcare and biomedical technologies are rapidly accelerating the development of flexible, wearable devices for continuous health monitoring. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) market is projected to grow at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 38.5% between 2024 and 2032, with Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) serving as a critical driver of this growth. Thus far, the expansion of IoT devices has faced challenges in designing wearable, miniaturized, and biocompatible prototypes with power-autonomous operation for physiological sensors. Therefore, this thesis aims to develop a wearable Energy-Harvesting (EH) system, in the form of a skin-applied device, designed for monitoring physiological conditions. The primary challenge of this research is the impact of the human body on the antenna system's performance when positioned directly on the skin. The body absorbs part of the radiation, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the EH system. In this context, Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC)s present a promising solution as reflectors for low-profile antennas, in the GSM and WiFi bands. By leveraging their inherent zero-phase reflection properties, AMCs improve antenna performance while eliminating the need for a bulky quarter-wave backplane. The real-world tests of the dual-band AMC-backed antenna showed minimal performance distortion for WBAN applications. Finally, the integration of a designed RF-to-DC converter enables the rectenna to function as an autonomous wearable energy harvester, providing a rectified voltage of 1V at approximately -17.5 dBm, suitable for powering certain physiological sensors

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Otárola, Correa Diego Antonio, and Gonzales Frank Campos. "Modernización de la red de acceso de un operador móvil para el caso de Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1277.

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La presente tesina titulada “Modernización de la red de acceso de un operador móvil para el caso de Lima Metropolitana” expone una propuesta para un operador que tiene como objetivo poder incrementar su cobertura de servicio de segunda y cuarta generación, para esto se definen conceptos teóricos en base a lo que son las tecnologías de telefonía móvil celular de tipo GSM, UMTS y LTE y se compararan con las características técnicas de los equipos que se plantean usar demostrándose que estos pueden optimizar la red de acceso del operador en cobertura y funcionamiento para brindar un mejor servicio en base a 2G y 4G. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, esta tesina describe el diseño y dimensionamiento de proyecto, pasos para su ejecución, especificaciones técnicas de los equipos, procedimiento para la puesta en servicio y resultados en base a pruebas del servicio y KPI. The current thesis entitled “Modernización de la red de acceso de un operador móvil para el caso de Lima Metropolitana” exposes a proposal for a mobile operator that has as a target increase their second and fourth generator coverage. For achieve this we have to defined theoric concepts based on the mobile telecommunication technology GSM, UMTS and LTE and compare with the features of equipment proposed to use proving that the coverage and performance of the access network of the operator can be improved for provide a better 2G and 4G service. For achieve this target proposed, this thesis describes the design and sizing of Project, steps for execution, technical features of equipment, on air procedure and results base on the testing service and KPI.

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Vehovský, Radek. "Vliv uživatele na miniaturní antény v mobilních aplikacích." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219972.

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This master’s thesis deals with user influence on miniature antennas in mobile application. Electrically small antennas including fundamental performance properties and limitations are introduced in the theoretical section of this thesis. This section also deals with microstrip antennas and their common types. The accent is on PIFA antennas, their typical constructions and methods of miniaturization. In the practical section, dual-band PIFA antenna for operation at frequencies of systems GSM900 and GSM1800 is designed with the assistance of electromagnetic field simulator CST Microwave Studio. On this type of antenna, the user influence on impedance matching and radiation pattern in data mode (the user is typing message or browsing with the phone) is investigated. For this purpose the hand phantom, corresponding to author’s right hand, was made from agar based material. For typical position of human hand is designed matching network, which eliminate the user influence and ensure correct function of antenna.

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Barros, Fabien de. "Conception, Réalisation et Caractérisation de papiers fonctionnels pour des applications de filtrage électromagnétique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT118/document.

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Le brouillard électromagnétique dans lequel nous vivons en permanence estaujourd’hui montré du doigt car, outre les risques sanitaires qu’il pourrait engendrer, illimite l’usage de certaines technologies. L’importance des interférences entre réseauxsans fil, ou la peur du piratage sur ces mêmes réseaux, en sont deux exemples. Cetravail de thèse vise à développer un nouveau moyen de protection contre certaines deces ondes électromagnétiques. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail se focalise sur unetechnologie capable de filtrer uniquement les ondes WiFi et GSM à travers de grandessurfaces d’une habitation, comme un mur. Pour ce faire, la fonctionnalisation d’uncomposant standard des bâtiments, le papier-peint, a été étudié.L’utilisation de surfaces sélectives en fréquence a été retenue. Ces motifs sontdirectement imprimés sur du papier à l’aide d’encre conductrice et de la techniqued’impression flexographique. L’étude s’est également portée sur la réalisation de motifsde filtrage innovants. Les résultats de simulation montrent qu’ils sont capables de filtrerdeux ou trois bandes, qu’ils sont quasiment insensibles à la polarisation et à l’angled’incidence dans une plage allant de 0° à ± 80°. Le travail a ensuite permis dedémontrer la faisabilité pratique de ce concept aux stades laboratoire et industriel.Ensuite, nous avons démontré expérimentalement l’efficacité de ce concept dans lesbandes WiFi. La transmission atteint alors -30 dB. Enfin, une validation expérimentaledu produit en situation réelle a été menée, à savoir la pose du papier-peint sur du plâtre,du bois, l’influence de la colle ou encore la pose d’une couche de papier-peint décoratifpar-dessus le produit.En conclusion, les résultats pratiques obtenus confirment les résultats théoriquesestimés et, permettent à ce nouveau concept, appelé métapapier, d’être suffisammentefficace pour permettre la réduction des ondes WiFi ou GSM
The electromagnetic smog in which we live today is nowadays a real issue because it limits the use of certain technologies and also because there are some potential health risks associated with it, even if the latter is still a controversial subject. The importance of the interferences between wireless networks or the possibility of data hacking on the same networks are two examples. The aim of this thesis is to develop a new way to protect buildings against some of these electromagnetic waves. More specifically, this work focuses on a technology able to filter only the WiFi and the GSM waves through large areas of a home, like a wall for example. To do this, the functionalization of a standard component of buildings, the wallpaper, was studied. The use of frequency selective surface (FSS) was chosen. These patterns are printed directly on paper with a conductive ink printing technology: the flexography. The study also focuses on the realization of innovative filter designs. Simulation results show that these novel FSS are able to filter two or three bands. They are almost insensitive to the polarization and to the angle of incidence in the range of 0° to ±80°. The realization feasibility of this concept in a laboratory or in industrial conditions was demonstrated. Next, an experimental demonstration of this concept in the WiFi bands was carried out. In this context, the transmission coefficient was reached -30 dB. Finally, an experimental validation of the product in real conditions of use was conducted, namely the wallpaper was put over plasterboards or over wood panels. Also, the influence of the glue on the general performances and the placement of a decorative wallpaper over the FSS wallpaper were studied. In conclusion, the practical results obtained confirm and validate the theoretical predictions of this new concept, called metapaper, and show that the practical realizations are efficient enough to allow the reduction of WiFi or GSM signals

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Kowlgi, Srinivasan Sandeep. "Etude des émetteurs radiofréquences multistandards destinés aux stations de base GSM/WCDMA/LTE." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0018/document.

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Les stations de base de télécommunications contemporaines pour les réseaux GSM / EDGE, WCDMA / HSPA et LTE sont de plus en plus complexes et à forte intensité énergétique. La solution privilégiée est un émetteur véritablement multi-standard. Modernes émetteurs des stations de base sont souvent multi-standard, en ce qu'ils peuvent supporter différentes normes ou de modes air-interface. Cependant, ce n'est pas réalisé par le fonctionnement simultané des normes différentes ou des «modes», mais par des moyens de reconfiguration, qui sont inefficaces et coûteux. Nous envisageons un émetteur entièrement multi-mode pratique capable de supporter simultanément GSM / EDGE, WCDMA / HSPA et LTE transporteurs. L'évolution des normes 3GPP vers un fonctionnement multi-mode est au stade embryonnaire. Pour contribuer à cet effort, notre travail revisite l'architecture traditionnelle de l'émetteur de station de base macro-cellule afin d'analyser et de définir les exigences de performance pour une plate-forme de radio cellulaire multi-standard. Notre analyse et la conception du système identifie également un goulot d'étranglement potentiel dans la chaîne multi-mode proposé, dont l'analyse est présentée. En conséquence, et enfin, nous proposons la conception d'un gain variable analogique modulateur en quadrature qui contourne le goulot d'étranglement, en soulignant la portée pour le développement futur et la validation de ce travail. Ce travail apporte également en avant quelques problèmes au niveau du système et met également en lumière les défis dans le fonctionnement des stations de base multi-standard
Contemporary telecommunication Base-Stations for GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE are increasingly complex and energy intensive. The favoured solution is a truly multi-standard transmitter known as a single Radio Access Network (single-RAN). Modern base station transmitters are often multi-standard, in that they can support different air-interface standards or modes. However, this is achieved not through concurrent operation of the different standards or 'modes', but by means of reconfiguration, which is inefficient and expensive. We envision a practical, fully multi-mode transmitter capable of simultaneously supporting GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA and LTE carriers. The evolution of 3GPP standards towards multi-mode operation is in the nascent stage. To contribute to this effort, our work revisits the architecture of the traditional macro-cell Base-Station transmitter in order to analyse and define performance requirements for a multi-standard cellular radio platform. Our system analysis and design also identifies a potential bottleneck in the proposed multi-mode chain, for which analysis is presented. Consequently and lastly, we propose the conceptual design of a variable-gain Analog Quadrature Modulator that bypasses the bottleneck, highlighting scope for future development and validation of this work. This work also brings forth some system-level issues and also highlights challenges in the operation of multi-standard Base-Stations. Some of these include multi-mode signal crest-factor reduction, carrier-to-carrier interference mitigation, per-carrier power-control, etc

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Paiva, João Manuel Lima. "Análise da QoS na perspectiva do utilizador dos serviços mais comuns em sistemas celulares GSM e UMTS." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/1877.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações
O aparecimento da tecnologia GSM mudou significativamente o panorama das telecomunicações. Desde que surgiram as primeiras redes comerciais,em 1991, o número de utilizadores tem aumentado continuamente. Mais recentemente, os sistemas celulares de terceira geração, entre osquais o UMTS, vieram colmatar algumas insuficiências do GSM aopermitirem acessos de alto débito para suporte de serviços de banda larga,tais como, acesso à Internet e aplicações multimédia. Actualmente, face às elevadas taxas de penetração e de utilização dos sistemas GSM e UMTS, a qualidade de serviço na perspectiva do utilizador assume-se como uma das principais vantagens competitivas dosoperadores presentes no mercado.Cada vez mais os consumidores procuram nos serviços simplicidade de utilização e qualidade superior, ininterruptamente e em qualquer lugar. Nesta dissertação são definidos indicadores de qualidade de serviço eperfis de medida que permitem avaliar o desempenho dos serviços de telefonia (voz e videotelefonia), mensagens (SMS e MMS) e dados (HTTPbrowsing, FTP upload/download e E-Mail send/receive) suportados em sistemas de comunicações móveis GSM e UMTS. Para validação dos indicadores de desempenho e perfis de medida,apresentam-se os resultados de uma análise aos serviços de telefonia, mensagens e dados, de dois operadores GSM/UMTS portugueses. ABSTRACT: The advent of GSM has changed significantly the telecommunications landscape. Since the launch of the first commercial network, in 1991,the number of subscribers has increased continuously. More recently, third generation cellular systems, in particular UMTS, went beyond GSM limitations, leveraging high-speed access and broadband services, such as internet and multimedia applications. Nowadays, due to high penetration and usage of GSM and UMTS systems, the quality of service built upon the user’s point of view is one ofcornerstones where operators seek to take competitive advantages. Consumers increasingly search for ease-of-use and superior quality, anytime and anywhere. This dissertation provides quality of service indicators and measurement profiles that allow a performance evaluation, on telephony (voice and video), messaging (SMS and MMS) and data (HTTP browsing, FTPupload/download and E-mail send/receive) services, of the GSM and UMTS mobile communications systems. To validate the performance indicators and the measurement profiles, the results of an analysis on telephony, messaging and data services,of two Portuguese GSM/UMTS operators, are provided.

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Kowlgi, Srinivasan Sandeep. "Etude des émetteurs radiofréquences multistandards destinés aux stations de base GSM/WCDMA/LTE." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0018.

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Ahmed, Mamun. "Adaptive Sub band GSC Beam forming using Linear Microphone-Array for Noise Reduction/Speech Enhancement." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-6174.

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This project presents the description, design and the implementation of a 4-channel microphone array that is an adaptive sub-band generalized side lobe canceller (GSC) beam former uses for video conferencing, hands-free telephony etc, in a noisy environment for speech enhancement as well as noise suppression. The side lobe canceller evaluated with both Least Mean Square (LMS) and Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) adaptation. A testing structure is presented; which involves a linear 4-microphone array connected to collect the data. Tests were done using one target signal source and one noise source. In each microphone’s, data were collected via fractional time delay filtering then it is divided into sub-bands and applied GSC to each of the subsequent sub-bands. The overall Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement is determined from the main signal and noise input and output powers, with signal-only and noise-only as the input to the GSC. The NLMS algorithm signiﬁcantly improves the speech quality with noise suppression levels up to 13 dB while LMS algorithm is giving up to 10 dB. All of the processing for this thesis is implemented on a computer using MATLAB and validated by considering different SNR measure under various types of blocking matrix, different step sizes, different noise locations and variable SNR with noise.
Mamun Ahmed E-mail: mamuncse99cuet@yahoo.com

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Crawford, Alistair, and n/a. "Bad Behaviour: The Prevention of Usability Problems Using GSE Models." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061108.154141.

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The aim of Human Computer Interaction or HCI is to both understand and improve the quality of the users' experience with the systems and technology they interact with. Recent HCI research requirements have stated a need for a unified predictive approach to system design that consolidates system engineering, cognitive modelling, and design principles into a single 'total system approach.' At present, few methods seek to integrate all three of these aspects into a single method and of those that do many are extensions to existing engineering techniques. This thesis, however proposes a new behaviour based approach designed to identify usability problems early in the design process before testing the system with actual users. In order to address the research requirements, this model uses a new design notation called Genetic Software Engineering (GSE) in conjunction with aspects of a cognitive modelling technique called NGOMSL (Natural GOMS Language) as the basis for this approach. GSE's behaviour tree notation, and NGOMSL's goal orientated format are integrated using a set of simple conversion rules defined in this study. Several well established design principles, believed to contribute to the eventual usability of a product, are then modelled in GSE. This thesis addresses the design of simple interfaces and the design of complex ubiquitous technology. The new GSE approach is used to model and predict usability problems in an extensive range of tasks from programming a VCR to making a video recording on a modern mobile phone. The validity of these findings is tested against actual user tests on the same tasks and devices to demonstrate the effectiveness of the GSE approach. Ultimately, the aim of the study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new cognitive and engineering based approach at predicting usability problems based on tangible representations of established design principles. This both fulfils the MCI research requirements for a 'total system approach' and establishes a new and novel approach to user interface and system design.

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Books on the topic "GSM band"

Office, General Accounting. [Impoundment control--deferrals of budget authority in GSA]. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance, and Government Sponsored Enterprises. GSE reform and the Federal Home Loan Bank System: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance and Government Sponsored Enterprises of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, March 9, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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Mobilfunknetze und ihre Protokolle: Band 1 Grundlagen, GSM, UMTS und andere zellulare Mobilfunknetze. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1998.

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Walke, Bernhard. Mobilfunknetze und ihre Protokolle: Band 1 Grundlagen, GSM, UMTS und andere zellulare Mobilfunknetze. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2012.

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Page, Phil, and Todd Ellenbecker. Strength Band Training. 3rd ed. Human Kinetics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718225565.

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The top resource on strength band training is now expanded, updated, and better than ever! Whether you are training in the gym, at home, or on the road, Strength Band Training will show you how to maximize strength, speed, and flexibility. Featuring more than 160 exercises and 27 fitness and sport-specific workouts, you will discover why strength bands are the ultimate tool for targeting, isolating, rehabilitating, and developing every major muscle group. In this third edition, you will find a strength assessment index to measure your progress, new chapters on training for older adults and rehabilitation, training tips connecting research to specific exercises, and injury prevention recommendations. Full-color photo sequences accompany the detailed descriptions of each exercise, ensuring safe and proper execution. The exercises allow you to add resistance in multiple directions for routines that simulate sport-specific demands, improve strength, enhance movement, or target muscles to help prevent or recover from common injuries. Whether you are using flat bands or tubing, seeking performance gains or muscle mass, Strength Band Training provides authoritative advice, the most effective exercises, and proven workouts to achieve your goals.

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Hein, Kerstin, Cathleen Heil, Silke Ruwisch, and Susanne Prediger, eds. Beiträge zum Mathematikunterricht 2021 - vom GDM-Monat 2021 der Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik (GDM) (1.-25. März 2021). WTM-Verlag Münster, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871846.0.

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Der Band enthält die Beiträge des GDM-Monats 2021, der statt der alljährlichen GDM-Tagung online vom 1.-25. März 2021 stattfand. Dabei handelt es sich um die Hauptvorträge und die Beiträge aus den Minisymposien bzw. die Zusammenfassung einer Podiumsdiskussion.

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Thiele, Clemens. GGV und HMA Österreichisches und Europäisches Design- und Musterschutzrecht - Band 2. Verlag Österreich, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/9783704686596.

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Systematischer Praxiskommentar zum Musterschutzrecht Dieses Werk vervollständigt den auf zwei Bände angelegten "Österreichischen und Europäischen Designrechtskommentar". Das Gesamtwerk bietet Anwenderinnen und Anwendern einen systematischen Praxiskommentar für einen schnellen Zugriff auf Lösungen, die mit der Rechtsprechung und den unionsrechtlichen Vorgaben im Einklang stehen. Kernstück von Band II bildet die Kommentierung der Gemeinschaftsgeschmacksmusterverordnung (GGV). Diese hat vor fast zwanzig Jahren ein unionsweites Recht des geistigen Eigentums, das sogenannte Gemeinschaftsgeschmacksmuster (GGM) oder - moderner ausgedrückt - das Unionsdesign geschaffen. Ein auf die einzelne Regelung abgestimmtes Literaturverzeichnis sowie ein klares Gliederungsschema erleichtern den raschen Zugriff auf Tatbestandelemente und Rechtsfolgen. Ein verfahrensrechtlicher Abschnitt rundet die Kommentierung ab. Der zweite Teil des Werkes enthält die durchgängige Erläuterung des Haager Musterabkommens (HMA). Über 1.200 Entscheidungen von EuGH, EuG, EGMR, OGH, BGH, BPatG, österr und dt OLG sowie LG, BK-EUIPO und NA-EUIPO wurden in das Werk systematisch eingearbeitet und verständlich gemacht.

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Sturm, Nina, Benjamin Rott, and Lukas Baumanns, eds. Mit Abstand die beste Tagung. Tagungsband der Herbsttagung des GDM-Arbeitskreises Problemlösen 2020. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871945.0.

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Auch im Herbst 2020 hat sich der GDM-Arbeitskreis Problemlösen – trotz oder gerade wegen der im Hinblick auf Treffen im Allgemeinen und Tagungen im Speziellen schwierigen Situation aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie – zusammengefunden, um sich über aktuelle Erkenntnisse und Überlegungen aus dem Themenfeld des Problemlösens und -stellens auszutauschen. Aufgrund der Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Pandemie wurde diese Herbsttagung – anders als sonst – nicht in Präsenz, sondern auf Distanz abgehalten: Am 7. und 8. Oktober 2020 haben sich Interessierte des mathematischen Problemlösens online zusammengefunden. Diese Umstände haben aber keineswegs die Qualität der Inhalte und Diskussionen beeinträchtigt. Aus den Vorträgen und Diskussionen während der Herbsttagung haben acht Beiträge ihren Weg in den vorliegenden Tagungsband gefunden: Neben Überlegungen zum Rückwärtsarbeiten, dem Verständnis problemhaltiger Aufgaben in zentralen Abschlussprüfungen und Überlegungen im Hinblick auf Heurismen, sind in diesem Band auch Praxisbeträge enthalten, in denen das Problemlösen mittels digitaler Werkzeuge beleuchtet wird.

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Beyerl, Maria, Julia Fritz, Ana Kuzle, Meike Ohlendorf, and Benjamin Rott, eds. Mathematische Problemlösekompetenzen fördern – Tagungsband der Herbsttagung des GDM-Arbeitskreises Problemlösen in Braunschweig 2016. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959870627.0.

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Das (mathematische) Problemlösen ist und bleibt ein hochaktuelles Thema der Bildungswissenschaften, der Psychologie und – nicht zuletzt – der Fachdidaktik (Mathematik). Es ist allgemeiner Konsens, dass das Problemlösen zu den Schlüsselkompetenzen gehört, die von Lernenden in allen Jahrgangsstufen der Schulausbildung und im Studium erworben werden sollten. Ebenfalls unumstritten ist, dass insbesondere die Mathematikausbildung einen wichtigen Beitrag hierzu leisten kann. Aber wie kann dies erfolgen? Unter dem Motto „Mathematische Problemlösekompetenzen fördern“ fand am 14. und 15.10.2016 an der TU Braunschweig die dritte Herbsttagung des Arbeitskreises Problemlösen der Gesellschaft für Didaktik der Mathematik statt. Die beiden Hauptaktivitäten der Tagung, in denen Maßnahmen und Projekte zur Förderung der Problemlösekompetenz vorgestellt und diskutiert wurden, waren ein Vortrag von Harald Schaub aus der psychologischen und ein Workshop aus der mathematikdidaktischen Perspektive. Die zugehörigen Beiträge im vorliegenden Buch bieten einen guten Überblick über den derzeitigen Stand der deutschsprachigen Problemlöseforschung. Des Weiteren fanden neun Präsenta-tionen – vorwiegend von Nachwuchswissenschaftlerinnen und Nachwuchswissenschaftlern – zu verschiedenen Aspekten des Lernens und Lehrens über, von und durch Problemlösen statt. Die zugehörigen Ausarbeitungen in diesem Band bieten einen Blick in brandaktuelle Forschung und wichtige (Zwischen-) Ergebnisse laufender Forschungsprojekte.

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Steinweg, Anna Susanne. Blick auf Schulcurricula Mathematik: Empirische Fundierung? : Tagungsband des AK Grundschule in der GDM 2021. University of Bamberg Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-51936.

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Mathematische Bildung in der Grundschule ist eine herausfordernde und langfristige Aufgabe und unterliegt curricularen Wandlungen. Mit Fokus auf Erkenntnisse aus empirischen Forschungen werden im Rahmen von drei Hauptvorträgen aus verschiedenen Inhaltsperspektiven curriculare Wandlungen im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule betrachtet und diskutiert. Zusätzlich setzten sich sieben Arbeitsgruppen mit den Themenfeldern ‚Arithmetik‘, ‚Geometrie‘, ‚Daten, Zufall und Wahrscheinlichkeit‘, ‚Kommunikation & Kooperation‘, ‚Lernen, Lehren und Forschen mit digitalen Medien‘, ‚Frühe mathematische Bildung‘ sowie ‚Lehrer:innenbildung‘ intensiv mit aktuellen Forschungs- und Praxisfragen auseinander. Die zentralen Inhalte der Arbeitsgruppen sind in diesem Band ebenfalls dokumentiert. The Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the Research Group on Primary Mathematics Education (Arbeitskreis Grundschule in der GDM) focus on empirical foundation of curricula in mathematics education in primary school. Three invited talks addressed the main theme in plenum. Additionally, workings groups on the research areas arithmetic, geometry, data & probability, as well as groups on early mathematics education, communication & co-operation, ICT education, and last not least on teacher education offered discussions on current research issues.

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Book chapters on the topic "GSM band"

Marsan, Marco Ajmone, Michela Meo, and Matteo Sereno. "GSPN Models of Dual-Band GSM Networks." In Communication-Based Systems, 1–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9608-4_1.

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Raj, Dhivya, and C. V. Anil Kumar. "Double-Band Coplanar Antenna for GSM and UWB Applications." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 443–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3992-3_37.

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Zaidi, Aijaz M., Syed A. Imam, and Binod K. Kanaujia. "A Compact Dual-Band N-Way Wilkinson Power Divider for GSM." In Advances in Power Systems and Energy Management, 263–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4394-9_27.

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Singh, Vishal, Vinay Shankar Pandey, and Vivek Shrivastava. "A Wideband Star-Shaped Rectenna for RF Energy Harvesting in GSM Band." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 163–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5463-6_15.

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Passi, Abhiruchi, and Vimlesh Singh. "Design and Analysis of New Dual-Channel Microstrip Diplexer for GSM and WLAN Band Applications." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 283–92. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1943-3_25.

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Ansal, K. A., Akhila Ann Kuruvilla, S. Keerthana, Keerthi Mariam Harries, Varsha Susan Johns, and Anu Raj. "A Dual Band Metamaterial Loaded CPW-Fed Antenna for GSM, WLAN, LTE and RFID Applications." In Futuristic Communication and Network Technologies, 461–68. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4625-6_45.

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Suresh, B., Satyanarayana Murthy, and B. Alekya. "Frequency Reconfigurable of Quad-Band MIMO Slot Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications in LTE, GSM, WLAN, and WiMAX Frequency Bands." In Intelligent Sustainable Systems, 271–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2894-9_21.

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Meo, Michela, and Marco Ajmone Marsan. "Accurate Approximate Analysis of Dual-Band GSM Networks with Multimedia Services and Different User Mobility Patterns." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 315–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46642-0_46.

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Roy, Avisankar, Sunandan Bhunia, Debasree Chanda Sarkar, and Partha Pratim Sarkar. "Compact Dual Band Microstrip Antenna Using Square Loop Slot for GSM 1800 and HiperLAN-2 Applications." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 35–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0829-5_4.

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Sheikh, Tasher Ali, Janmoni Borah, Sahadev Roy, and Abhishek Kumar Pandey. "A New Compact Dual Band Microstrip BPF for GSM (1.8GHz) and WiMAX Using Asymmetric Stepped Impedance Resonators." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Cognizance in Wireless Communication & Image Processing, 581–87. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2638-3_65.

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Conference papers on the topic "GSM band"

Ersöz, Mehmet Sami, Feza Turgay Çelik, and Kâmil Karaçuha. "Dual Band Dual Polarized Antenna Design for GSM and 5G Applications." In 2024 15th National Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/eleco64362.2024.10847093.

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Begg, Mirza Wazed Ahmed, and Sudipta Maity. "Analysis of a Concave Cylindrical Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for GSM-band Application." In 2024 IEEE Microwaves, Antennas, and Propagation Conference (MAPCON), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mapcon61407.2024.10923592.

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Bonefacic, D., B. Rapinac, and J. Bartolic. "Slotted PIFA for GSM band." In 2nd European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2007). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2007.0959.

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Mazurek, Pawel A., and Oleksandr M. Naumchuk. "Electromagnetic emission testing in GSM band." In 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetic Devices and Processes in Environment Protection with Seminar Applications of Superconductors (ELMECO & AoS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elmeco.2017.8267730.

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Njoku, Chinwe C., William Whittow, and Chinthana Panagamuwa. "Printable windscreen quad-band GSM antenna." In Propagation Conference (LAPC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lapc.2009.5352528.

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Santosh, Sourabh, and Sushrut Das. "A GSM Band RF Sensor Antenna." In 2022 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isap53582.2022.9998693.

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Kamma, Anil, G. Shrikanth Reddy, and Jayanta Mukherjee. "Band notch UWB band pass filter with additional GSM 1800 band." In 2016 Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/piers.2016.7735655.

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Mohamad, M. H., Haw Cui Wen, and M. Ismail. "Matched filter detection technique for GSM band." In 2012 International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies (ISTT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istt.2012.6481599.

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Moustapha, Lina, Najib Fadlallah, and Charif Olleik. "Electromagnetic band gap antenna for GSM applications." In 2017 Sensors Networks Smart and Emerging Technologies (SENSET). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/senset.2017.8125027.

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Carniani, Andrea, Lorenza Giupponi, and Roberto Verdone. "Evaluation of spectrum opportunities in the GSM band." In 2010 European Wireless Conference (EW). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ew.2010.5483438.

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Reports on the topic "GSM band"

Edeh, Henry C. The Effect of the Liberian Government’s Taxation Policies on Poverty and Inequality. Institute of Development Studies, October 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.102.

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Many low- and middle-income countries engage in tax policy reforms. This is usually motivated by efforts to increase tax revenue collection, and also sometimes to improve equity by reducing the burden of taxation on relatively poorer taxpayers. However, little is known about the extent to which these tax policy reforms affect poverty and inequality, especially at the household level. This study exhaustively analyses the progressivity and effect of taxation policies on poverty and inequality in Liberia, a low-income country, for the first time. After accounting for the informal sector, personal income tax (PIT) was found to be progressive in the pre-2011 tax scheme. However, it is more progressive in the post-2011 tax scheme. The pre-2011 PIT reduced inequality, but increased poverty. The post-2011 PIT also reduced inequality, but there was no incremental change on poverty. A simulated scheme, with a 75 per cent reduction in tax rates for lower taxable income bands, and 75 per cent increase in tax rates for higher taxable income bands, was found to be even more progressive. The simulation also confirmed the reduction in inequality and zero increase in poverty found in the current scenario. Goods and services tax (GST) was found to be progressive in both the pre-2016 and post-2016 GST schemes – implying that the rich pay more GST through their higher purchase of non-food taxable items. GST marginally reduced inequality but increased poverty in the pre-2016 scheme. The post-2016 GST scheme marginally increased inequality and substantially increased poverty. A simulated scheme, with a lower effective GST rate on taxable expenditure below a predefined threshold, and a higher rate on taxable expenditure above the threshold, was found to be more progressive. In addition, the simulation led to a greater reduction in inequality and limited increase in poverty. We suggest that increasing the current rate of PIT by 75 per cent for top income earners, and setting differentiated GST rates (5 per cent of effective GST on lower taxable expenditure and 95 per cent on higher taxable expenditure) will help to boost the equity of, and redistribution from, the Liberian tax system.

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Morin, Shai, Gregory Walker, Linda Walling, and Asaph Aharoni. Identifying Arabidopsis thaliana Defense Genes to Phloem-feeding Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699836.bard.

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The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is a serious agricultural pest that afflicts a wide variety of ornamental and vegetable crop species. To enable survival on a great diversity of host plants, whiteflies must have the ability to avoid or detoxify numerous different plant defensive chemicals. Such toxins include a group of insect-deterrent molecules called glucosinolates (GSs), which also provide the pungent taste of Brassica vegetables such as radish and cabbage. In our BARD grant, we used the whitefly B. tabaci and Arabidopsis (a Brassica plant model) defense mutants and transgenic lines, to gain comprehensive understanding both on plant defense pathways against whiteflies and whitefly defense strategies against plants. Our major focus was on GSs. We produced transgenic Arabidopsis plants accumulating high levels of GSs. At the first step, we examined how exposure to high levels of GSs affects decision making and performance of whiteflies when provided plants with normal levels or high levels of GSs. Our major conclusions can be divided into three: (I) exposure to plants accumulating high levels of GSs, negatively affected the performance of both whitefly adult females and immature; (II) whitefly adult females are likely to be capable of sensing different levels of GSs in their host plants and are able to choose, for oviposition, the host plant on which their offspring survive and develop better (preference-performance relationship); (III) the dual presence of plants with normal levels and high levels of GSs, confused whitefly adult females, and led to difficulties in making a choice between the different host plants. These findings have an applicative perspective. Whiteflies are known as a serious pest of Brassica cropping systems. If the differences found here on adjacent small plants translate to field situations, intercropping with closely-related Brassica cultivars could negatively influence whitefly population build-up. At the second step, we characterized the defensive mechanisms whiteflies use to detoxify GSs and other plant toxins. We identified five detoxification genes, which can be considered as putative "key" general induced detoxifiers because their expression-levels responded to several unrelated plant toxic compounds. This knowledge is currently used (using new funding) to develop a new technology that will allow the production of pestresistant crops capable of protecting themselves from whiteflies by silencing insect detoxification genes without which successful host utilization can not occur. Finally, we made an effort to identify defense genes that deter whitefly performance, by infesting with whiteflies, wild-type and defense mutated Arabidopsis plants. The infested plants were used to construct deep-sequencing expression libraries. The 30- 50 million sequence reads per library, provide an unbiased and quantitative assessment of gene expression and contain sequences from both Arabidopsis and whiteflies. Therefore, the libraries give us sequence data that can be mined for both the plant and insect gene expression responses. An intensive analysis of these datasets is underway. We also conducted electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings of whiteflies feeding on Arabidopsis wild-type and defense mutant plants in order to determine the time-point and feeding behavior in which plant-defense genes are expressed. We are in the process of analyzing the recordings and calculating 125 feeding behavior parameters for each whitefly. From the analyses conducted so far we conclude that the Arabidopsis defense mutants do not affect adult feeding behavior in the same manner that they affect immatures development. Analysis of the immatures feeding behavior is not yet completed, but if it shows the same disconnect between feeding behavior data and developmental rate data, we would conclude that the differences in the defense mutants are due to a qualitative effect based on the chemical constituency of the phloem sap.

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Farahbod, A., and J. F. Cassidy. Spatial and temporal variations in seismic coda Q attenuation in the lower St. Lawrence region, southeastern Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332027.

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We investigate seismic attenuation characteristics of the Lower St. Lawrence seismic zone in southeastern Quebec. This zone is located ~400 km downstream from Quebec City and is between the Quebec North Shore and the Lower St. Lawrence. We used earthquake recordings from 5 broadband and 5 short period seismograph stations of the Canadian National Seismic Network (CNSN) across the region. Our dataset is comprised of 847 earthquakes recorded between 1985 and 2022 with magnitudes ranging from 2.0 to 5.1, depths from 0 to 30 km and epicentral distances of 5 to 100 km. This gives a total of 446 high signal-to-noise (S/N) traces (S/N?5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a maximum ellipse parameter, a2, of 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that the lowest overall average of Q0 (Q at 1 Hz) values are at the three stations (GSQ, ICQ and SMQ) within 100 km of a moderate earthquake of mN 5.1 in 1999 (e.g., Q0 of 81, 88 and 80, respectively). We determined temporal variations in attenuation following the 1999 earthquake. The overall average of Q0 decreased from 87 (before the mainshock) to 77 (GSQ, D=96 km), from 92 to 85 (ICQ, D=69 km) and from 88 to 82 (SMQ, D=73 km). These results are in agreement with global studies that show a decrease in Q0 following a significant earthquake, (e.g., M &gt; 5) likely the result of increased fracturing and fluids in the epicentral region. An average for all the data results in a Q relationship of QC = 86f1.07 for the frequency band of 2 to 16 Hz for the entire region.

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Valencia, Alexis, Luis A. Arias, Luiz Arruda Villela, and Alberto Daniel Barreix. The Harmonization of Indirect Taxes in the Andean Community. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008682.

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The approval of Decisions 599 and 600 on the Harmonization of Substantial and Procedural Aspects of Value Added Taxes and the Harmonization of Excise Type Taxes (VAT and selective taxes) by the Commission of the Andean Community is a notable victory for the Andean integration process and sets a precedent in the developing world. The Decisions amount to an agreement on how to design national laws on a modern and administratively coordinated VAT, as well as joint rules on excise taxes. These accords sprang from the political will of the Andean authorities working in this field, the countries¿ technical capacities, and the catalyzing role played by the political authority of the Andean Community¿s General Secretariat (GS), which received technical support from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Representatives of the five member countries¿ Finance Ministries and Taxation Directorates participated actively and enthusiastically in these efforts. The process began with a background study commissioned using funds from an IDB regional technical cooperation project, followed by three negotiating rounds and eight meetings of experts and officials organized by the GS (With the financial and technical support of the IDB through the Special Initiative on Trade and Integration).

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Apeti, Ablam Estel, and Eyah Denise Edoh. Finding the Missing Stone: Mobile Money and the Quality of Tax Policy and Administration. Institute of Development Studies, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.006.

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Making tax administration more efficient and maximising voluntary compliance is a very difficult task for developing countries. In this paper, we analyse the effect of mobile money payments on the quality of tax policy and administration for a large sample of countries in developing economies. We use the World Bank indicator on efficiency of revenue mobilisation as a measure of the quality of tax policy and administration and employ an entropy balancing method to show that mobile money payments improve the quality of tax systems. This result is robust to several robustness tests, including sample alteration, alternative measures of mobile money, controlling for other aspects of tax policy, and alternative estimation methods such as GMM-system, event study approach and ordinary least square. In addition, our results show that the positive effect of mobile money on tax systems depends on the level of development, financial development, the state’s legitimacy, a country’s fiscal space, the number of available products/companies, the type of mobile money services, and the geographic position of countries. Finally, we highlight some potential mechanisms underlying these findings through lower tax compliance burden, smaller informal sector, and lower corruption.

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Herbert, George, and Lucas Loudon. The Size and Growth Potential of the Digital Economy in ODA-eligible Countries. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.016.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on the current size of the digital market, the countries promoting development of digital business and their approach through Trade Policies or Incentive Frameworks, and the current and potential size of the market with the UK / China / US / other significant countries. It draws on a variety of sources, including reports by international organisations (such as the World Bank and OECD), grey literature produced by think tanks and the private sector, and peer reviewed academic papers. A high proportion of estimates of the size of the digital economy come from research conducted by or for corporations and industry bodies, such as Google and the GSMA (which represents the telecommunications industry). Their research may be influenced by their business interests, the methodologies and data sources they utilise are often opaque, and the information required to critically assess findings is sometimes missing. Given this, the estimates presented in this review are best seen as ballpark figures rather than precise measurements. A limitation of this rapid evidence review stems from the lack of consistent methodologies for estimating the size of the digital economy. The OECD is attempting to develop a standard approach to measuring the digital economy across the national accounts of the G20, but this has not yet been finalised. This makes comparing the results of different studies very challenging. The problem is particularly stark in low income countries, where there are frequently huge gaps in the relevant data.

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Sadot, Einat, Christopher Staiger, and Mohamad Abu-Abied. Studies of Novel Cytoskeletal Regulatory Proteins that are Involved in Abiotic Stress Signaling. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592652.bard.

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In the original proposal we planned to focus on two proteins related to the actin cytoskeleton: TCH2, a touch-induced calmodulin-like protein which was found by us to interact with the IQ domain of myosin VIII, ATM1; and ERD10, a dehydrin which was found to associate with actin filaments. As reported previously, no other dehydrins were found to interact with actin filaments. In addition so far we were unsuccessful in confirming the interaction of TCH2 with myosin VIII using other methods. In addition, no other myosin light chain candidates were found in a yeast two hybrid survey. Nevertheless we have made a significant progress in our studies of the role of myosins in plant cells. Plant myosins have been implicated in various cellular activities, such as cytoplasmic streaming (1, 2), plasmodesmata function (3-5), organelle movement (6-10), cytokinesis (4, 11, 12), endocytosis (4, 5, 13-15) and targeted RNA transport (16). Plant myosins belong to two main groups of unconventional myosins: myosin XI and myosin VIII, both closely related to myosin V (17-19). The Arabidopsis myosin family contains 17 members: 13 myosin XI and four myosin VIII (19, 20). The data obtained from our research of myosins was published in two papers acknowledging BARD funding. To address whether specific myosins are involved with the motility of specific organelles, we cloned the cDNAs from neck to tail of all 17 Arabidopsis myosins. These were fused to GFP and used as dominant negative mutants that interact with their cargo but are unable to walk along actin filaments. Therefore arrested organelle movement in the presence of such a construct shows that a particular myosin is involved with the movement of that particular organelle. While no mutually exclusive connections between specific myosins and organelles were found, based on overexpression of dominant negative tail constructs, a group of six myosins (XIC, XIE, XIK, XI-I, MYA1 and MYA2) were found to be more important for the motility of Golgi bodies and mitochondria in Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum (8). Further deep and thorough analysis of myosin XIK revealed a potential regulation by head and tail interaction (Avisar et al., 2011). A similar regulatory mechanism has been reported for animal myosin V and VIIa (21, 22). In was shown that myosin V in the inhibited state is in a folded conformation such that the tail domain interacts with the head domain, inhibiting its ATPase and actinbinding activities. Cargo binding, high Ca2+, and/or phosphorylation may reduce the interaction between the head and tail domains, thus restoring its activity (23). Our collaborative work focuses on the characterization of the head tail interaction of myosin XIK. For this purpose the Israeli group built yeast expression vectors encoding the myosin XIK head. In addition, GST fusions of the wild-type tail as well as a tail mutated in the amino acids that mediate head to tail interaction. These were sent to the US group who is working on the isolation of recombinant proteins and performing the in vitro assays. While stress signals involve changes in Ca2+ levels in plants cells, the cytoplasmic streaming is sensitive to Ca2+. Therefore plant myosin activity is possibly regulated by stress. This finding is directly related to the goal of the original proposal.

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King, E. L., A. Normandeau, T. Carson, P. Fraser, C. Staniforth, A. Limoges, B. MacDonald, F. J. Murrillo-Perez, and N. Van Nieuwenhove. Pockmarks, a paleo fluid efflux event, glacial meltwater channels, sponge colonies, and trawling impacts in Emerald Basin, Scotian Shelf: autonomous underwater vehicle surveys, William Kennedy 2022011 cruise report. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331174.

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A short but productive cruise aboard RV William Kennedy tested various new field equipment near Halifax (port of departure and return) but also in areas that could also benefit science understanding. The GSC-A Gavia Autonomous Underwater Vehicle equipped with bathymetric, sidescan and sub-bottom profiler was successfully deployed for the first time on Scotian Shelf science targets. It surveyed three small areas: two across known benthic sponge, Vazella (Russian Hat) within a DFO-directed trawling closure area on the SE flank of Sambro Bank, bordering Emerald Basin, and one across known pockmarks, eroded cone-shaped depression in soft mud due to fluid efflux. The sponge study sites (~ 150 170 m water depth) were known to lie in an area of till (subglacial diamict) exposure at the seabed. The AUV data identified gravel and cobble-rich seabed, registering individual clasts at 35 cm gridded resolution. A subtle variation in seabed texture is recognized in sidescan images, from cobble-rich on ridge crests and flanks, to limited mud-rich sediment in intervening troughs. Correlation between seabed topography and texture with the (previously collected) Vazella distribution along two transects is not straightforward. However there may be a preference for the sponge in the depressions, some of which have a thin but possibly ephemeral sediment cover. Both sponge study sites depict a hereto unknown morphology, carved in glacial deposits, consisting of a series of discontinuous ridges interpreted to be generated by erosion in multiple, continuous, meandering and cross-cutting channels. The morphology is identical to glacial Nye, or mp;lt;"N-mp;lt;"channels, cut by sub-glacial meltwater. However their scale (10 to 100 times mp;lt;"typicalmp;gt;" N-channels) and the unique eroded medium, (till rather than bedrock), presents a rare or unknown size and medium and suggests a continuum in sub-glacial meltwater channels between much larger tunnel valleys, common to the eastward, and the bedrock forms. A comparison is made with coastal Nova Scotia forms in bedrock. The Emerald Basin AUV site, targeting pockmarks was in ~260 to 270 m water depth and imaged eight large and one small pockmark. The main aim was to investigate possible recent or continuous fluid flux activity in light of ocean acidification or greenhouse gas contribution; most accounts to date suggested inactivity. While a lack of common attributes marking activity is confirmed, creep or rotational flank failure is recognized, as is a depletion of buried diffuse methane immediately below the seabed features. Discovery of a second, buried, pockmark horizon, with smaller but more numerous erosive cones and no spatial correlation to the buried diffuse gas or the seabed pockmarks, indicates a paleo-event of fluid or gas efflux; general timing and possible mechanisms are suggested. The basinal survey also registered numerous otter board trawl marks cutting the surficial mud from past fishing activity. The AUV data present a unique dataset for follow-up quantification of the disturbance. Recent realization that this may play a significant role in ocean acidification on a global scale can benefit from such disturbance quantification. The new pole-mounted sub-bottom profiler collected high quality data, enabling correlation of recently recognized till ridges exposed at the seabed as they become buried across the flank and base of the basin. These, along with the Nye channels, will help reconstruct glacial behavior and flow patterns which to date are only vaguely documented. Several cores provide the potential for stratigraphic dating of key horizons and will augment Holocene environmental history investigations by a Dalhousie University student. In summary, several unique features have been identified, providing sufficient field data for further compilation, analysis and follow-up publications.

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Commonwealth Bank - Head Office versus GSB - inter-bank 8 oar race Leichhardt carnival - 14 February 1920 (plate 180). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-003118.

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