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Journal articles on the topic "Gtl2"

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Kawano, J., S. Ide, T. Oinuma, and T. Suganuma. "A protein-specific monoclonal antibody to rat liver beta 1-->4 galactosyltransferase and its application to immunohistochemistry." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 3 (March 1994): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.3.8308253.

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We have produced a new protein-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) to rat liver beta 1-->4 galactosyltransferase. This MAb, GTL2, was selected as the most reactive IgG to a periodate-treated antigen. Antigen and protein specificities of GTL2 were verified by immunoblotting of a non-glycosylated recombinant protein of human galactosyltransferase and enzymatically deglycosylated rat galactosyltransferase. Using GTL2, an immunohistochemical study was done in rat liver, epididymis, and salivary glands. Intense staining was observed in Golgi areas of epididymal duct epithelial cells, and submandibular and sublingual acinar cells. Hepatocytes showed weaker staining. Immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed that the staining was exclusively localized in trans-Golgi membranes of these cells.
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Qian, Pengxu, Xi He, Ariel Paulson, Jeffrey S. Haug, and Linheng Li. "The Imprinted Dlk1-Gtl2 Locus Epigenetically Regulates Primitive Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mitochondrial Function and Energy Metabolism Via Repression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.243.243.

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Abstract Balanced regulation is essential for the long-term preservation of stem cells while providing for ongoing tissue maintenance. We and others have previously shown that these dichotomous functions are accomplished through the co-existence of at least two stem cell populations—reserve and primed stem cells. This balance has been shown previously to be regulated by protein-coding genes; however, the potential roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their relationships with protein-coding genes in regulating hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) remain largely unknown. To systematically identify ncRNAs involved in the murine hematopoiesis, we used RNA sequencing and identified unique, differentially expressed (fingerprint) ncRNAs representing reserve HSCs, primed HSCs, and more active stem/progenitor cells. These were also compared with committed progenitors and all major mature hematopoietic lineages. Intriguingly, all of the fingerprint ncRNAs uniquely expressed in reserve HSCs were derived from the imprinted Dlk1-Gtl2 locus, which spans a 780kb region on the mouse chromosome 12qF1 and is precisely controlled by the Intergenic Germ line-derived Differentially Methylated Region (IG-DMR). The Gtl2 locus contains a large cluster of snoRNAs (23 snoRNAs) and the largest cluster of mammalian miRNAs (57 miRNAs) as part of a single transcript of long length ncRNA downstream of Gtl2. To determine the role of Dlk1-Gtl2 locus in hematopoiesis, we utilized the IG-DMR knockout mouse model and carried out phenotypic and functional assays in E15.0 fetal liver HSCs since the embryos loss of maternal IG-DMR are lethal after E16. We observed that deletion of the maternal IG-DMR (ΔmIG-DMR), but not the paternal one, leads to 2-fold reduction in CD93+ fetal liver HSC number and 4-fold decrease of reconstitution ability after tertiary transplantation. Further, we employed RNA-seq using fetal liver HSCs from wt and ΔmIG-DMR and found that several pathways involved in growth control, mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, such as mTOR, PI3K/Akt and Wnt, are significantly enhanced in ΔmIG-DMR HSCs. We also carried out small RNA-seq in both adult HSCs and fetal liver HSCs and identified 13 HSC-specific miRNAs, which are predominantly expressed in reserve HSCs and predicted to target multiple proteins in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Mechanistically, maternal IG-DMR deletion leads to down-regulation of Gtl2-derived 13 miRNAs and hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which further enhances mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, increases oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) mediated ATP production and ROS levels, and eventually causes HSC exhaustion. Moreover, either pharmacological inhibition of the mTOR activity by rapamycin or overexpression of Gtl2-derived miRNAs could partially, if not all, rescues the defective HSC phenotype and bioenergetic activities caused by mIG-DMR deletion. Collectively, our work provides a global landscape of murine hematopoietic lncRNAs and demonstrates that Dlk1-Gtl2 locus is critical in maintaining primitive HSCs with a fundamentally epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial function, energy metabolism via repression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Smit, Maria, Karin Segers, Laura Garcia Carrascosa, Tracy Shay, Francesca Baraldi, Gabor Gyapay, Gary Snowder, Michel Georges, Noelle Cockett, and Carole Charlier. "Mosaicism of Solid Gold Supports the Causality of a Noncoding A-to-G Transition in the Determinism of the Callipyge Phenotype." Genetics 163, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/163.1.453.

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Abstract To identify the callipyge mutation, we have resequenced 184 kb spanning the DLK1-, GTL2-, PEG11-, and MEG8-imprinted domain and have identified an A-to-G transition in a highly conserved dodecamer motif between DLK1 and GTL2. This was the only difference found between the callipyge (CLPG) allele and a phylogenetically closely related wild-type allele. We report that this SNP is in perfect association with the callipyge genotype. The demonstration that Solid Gold—the alleged founder ram of the callipyge flock—is mosaic for this SNP virtually proves the causality of this SNP in the determinism of the callipyge phenotype.
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Su, Hong, Dongjie Li, Xiaohui Hou, Beibei Tan, Jiaqi Hu, Cui Zhang, Yunping Dai, Ning Li, and Shijie Li. "Molecular structure of bovine Gtl2 gene and DNA methylation status of Dlk1-Gtl2 imprinted domain in cloned bovines." Animal Reproduction Science 127, no. 1-2 (August 2011): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.07.002.

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Wu, Qiong, Takuya Kumagai, Manabu Kawahara, Hidehiko Ogawa, Hitoshi Hiura, Yayoi Obata, Riya Takano, and Tomohiro Kono. "Regulated expression of two sets of paternally imprinted genes is necessary for mouse parthenogenetic development to term." Reproduction 131, no. 3 (March 2006): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00933.

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Mouse parthenogenetic embryos (PEs) are developmentally arrested until embryo day (E) 9.5 because of genomic imprinting. However, we have shown that embryos containing genomes from non-growing (ng) and fully grown (fg) oocytes, i.e. ngwt/fgwt PE (wt, wild type), developed to E13.5. Moreover, parthenogenetic development could be extended to term by further regulation of Igf2 and H19 expression using mice with deletion of the H19 transcription unit (H19Δ13) together with its differentially unit (DMR). To gain an insight into the extended development of the parthenotes to term, we have here investigated the expression levels of paternally imprinted genes in ngH19Δ13/fgwt PE throughout their development. In ngH19Δ13/fgwt Pes that died soon after recovery, the expression of Igf2 and H19 was restored to the appropriate levels except for low Igf2 expression in the liver after E15.5. Further, the paternally expressed Dlk1 and Dio3 were repressed, while the expression levels of the maternal Gtl2 and Mirg were twice those of the controls. However, the above-mentioned four genes showed almost normal expression in the surviving ngH19Δ13/fgwt PEs. The methylation analysis revealed that the intragenic DMR of the Dlk1-Gtl2 domain was hypermethylated in the ngH19Δ13/fgwt PEs that survived, but not in the PEs that died soon after recovery. The present study suggests that two sets of co-ordinately regulated but oppositely expressed genes, Igf2-H19 and Dlk1-Gtl2, act as a critical barrier to parthenogenetic development in order to render a paternal contribution obligatory for descendants in mammals.
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Dindot, S. V., P. Farin, C. Farin, J. Alexander, E. Crosier, S. Walker, C. Long, and J. A. Piedrahita. "35ANALYSIS OF EPIGENETIC MODIFICATIONS AND GENOMIC IMPRINTING IN NUCLEAR TRANSFER DERIVED BOS GAURUS×B. TAURUS CONCEPTI." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab35.

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Somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle is an inefficient process hindered by low pregnancy rates and fetal placental abnormalities. Improper or incomplete epigenetic reprogramming of the donor genome has been implicated as a cause for these aberrations and has been investigated extensively in mice. Here we report the use of a bovine interspecies model (Bos gaurus×B. taurus) for the assessment and characterization of epigenetic modifications and genomic imprinting in 40-day-old female nuclear transfer (NT)-derived fetuses and placentas. Previously, we identified genomic imprinting at the IGF2, GTL2 and XIST loci in the Bos gaurus×B. taurus fetuses. These results indicated maternal and paternal imprinting of the IGF2 and GTL2 loci, respectively, in the chorion, allantois, liver, lung and brain, whereas the XIST locus was maternally imprinted solely in the chorion of females. We extended this analysis to 40-day-old NT fetuses derived from a hybrid lung fibroblast cell line (female). Analysis of the donor cell line indicated conservation of imprinting of the IGF2 and GTL2 loci and bialleic expression of the XIST locus, presumably from the random patterns of X-chromosome inactivation. Analysis of three NT and three control pregnancies indicated disruption of genomic imprinting at the XIST locus in the chorions of all three clones compared to controls. In contrast, proper allelic expression of the IGF2 and GTL2 loci was observed in all fetuses and placentas. Quantification of maternal and paternal XIST transcripts in the chorion of clones and controls demonstrated a significant skewing from preferential paternal expression in controls (95.0±0.882, mean±S.E.) to mixed paternal and maternal expression in clones (73.6±5.2), (t-test; P<0.05). In an attempt to determine the cause for the abnormal allelic expression of the XIST locus in the chorion of the clones, methylation analysis of the XIST Differentially Methylated Region (DMR) was performed. Methylation-sensitive restriction digests and subsequent PCR of the XIST DMR indicated patterns were not different between controls and clones. However, when genome-wide and promoter-specific methylation analysis (bisulfite sequencing) was extended to the satellite I repeat element and epidermal cytokeratin promoter, hypermethylation was observed in the chorion of clones. These results demonstrate disruption of genomic imprinting in XIST locus in the placenta of 40-day-old clones independent of DMR methylation. They also indicate that cloning is associated with increased levels of methylation in selected genomic regions in the chorion.
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JIANG, Cao-de, and Zong-lin YANG. "Characterization, Imprinting Status and Tissue Distribution of Porcine GTL2 Gene." Agricultural Sciences in China 8, no. 2 (February 2009): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60029-8.

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Royo, Hélène, Eugenia Basyuk, Virginie Marty, Maud Marques, Edouard Bertrand, and Jérôme Cavaillé. "Bsr, a Nuclear-retained RNA with Monoallelic Expression." Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, no. 8 (August 2007): 2817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-10-0920.

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The imprinted Dlk1-Gtl2 and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) regions are characterized by a complex noncoding transcription unit spanning arrays of tandemly repeated C/D RNA genes. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are thought to play an essential but still poorly understood role. To better understand the intracellular fate of these large ncRNAs, fluorescence in situ hybridization was carried out at the rat Dlk1-Gtl2 domain. This locus contains a ∼100-kb-long gene cluster comprising 86 homologous RBII-36 C/D RNA gene copies, all of them intron-encoded within the ncRNA gene Bsr. Here, we demonstrate that the Bsr gene is monoallelically expressed in primary rat embryonic fibroblasts as well as in hypothalamic neurons and yields a large amount of unspliced and spliced RNAs at the transcription site, mostly as elongated RNA signals. Surprisingly, spliced Bsr RNAs released from the transcription site mainly concentrate as numerous, stable nuclear foci that do not colocalize with any known subnuclear structures. On drug treatments, a fraction of Bsr RNA relocalizes to the cytoplasm and associates with stress granules (SGs), but not with P-bodies, pointing to a potential link between SGs and the metabolism of ncRNA. Thus, Bsr might represent a novel type of nuclear-retained transcript.
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Hitachi, Keisuke, Masashi Nakatani, Shiori Funasaki, Ikumi Hijikata, Mizuki Maekawa, Masahiko Honda, and Kunihiro Tsuchida. "Expression Levels of Long Non-Coding RNAs Change in Models of Altered Muscle Activity and Muscle Mass." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051628.

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Skeletal muscle is a highly plastic organ that is necessary for homeostasis and health of the human body. The size of skeletal muscle changes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Although protein-coding RNAs including myostatin, NF-κβ, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), have pivotal roles in determining the skeletal muscle mass, the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass remains to be elucidated. Here, we performed expression profiling of nine skeletal muscle differentiation-related lncRNAs (DRR, DUM1, linc-MD1, linc-YY1, LncMyod, Neat1, Myoparr, Malat1, and SRA) and three genomic imprinting-related lncRNAs (Gtl2, H19, and IG-DMR) in mouse skeletal muscle. The expression levels of these lncRNAs were examined by quantitative RT-PCR in six skeletal muscle atrophy models (denervation, casting, tail suspension, dexamethasone-administration, cancer cachexia, and fasting) and two skeletal muscle hypertrophy models (mechanical overload and deficiency of the myostatin gene). Cluster analyses of these lncRNA expression levels were successfully used to categorize the muscle atrophy models into two sub-groups. In addition, the expression of Gtl2, IG-DMR, and DUM1 was altered along with changes in the skeletal muscle size. The overview of the expression levels of lncRNAs in multiple muscle atrophy and hypertrophy models provides a novel insight into the role of lncRNAs in determining the skeletal muscle mass.
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Jiang, Ying, Yi-Chen Yu, Guo-Lian Ding, Qian Gao, Feng Chen, and Qiong Luo. "Intrauterine hyperglycemia induces intergenerational Dlk1-Gtl2 methylation changes in mouse placenta." Oncotarget 9, no. 32 (January 5, 2018): 22398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.23976.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gtl2"

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Zeller, Eva Christina [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwarz. "The Role of Gtl2 in Hepatocarcinogenesis / Eva Christina Zeller ; Betreuer: Michael Schwarz." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1163461326/34.

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Lin, Shau-Ping. "Regulation of genomic imprinting at the Dlk1-Gtl2 imprinted domain on mouse chromosome 12." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616241.

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Santos, Rodrigo Alves dos. "Estudo da viabilidade técnica e econômica de produção de petróleo sintético offshore a partir de rejeito rico em CO2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-11072014-020823/.

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A descoberta de uma nova província petrolífera, conhecida como pré-sal, localizada no litoral brasileiro, representa um novo marco na produção de petróleo mundial. Dentre os vários desafios encontrados para exploração e produção dessa região, a presença de CO2 em grandes concentrações nos fluidos de alguns desses reservatórios tem sido um dos desafios de maior relevância para as empresas que exploram e produzem nessa área (FORMIGLI, 2007). Uma forma alternativa de sequestro do CO2 retirado do gás natural é a sua utilização como matéria prima ou co-alimentação para a síntese de produtos químicos, em especial aqueles com grande demanda de mercado. Um dos produtos que podem ser obtidos indiretamente a partir do CO2 é o petróleo sintético, produzido pelo processo conhecido como Gas-to-Liquids, ou GTL. Neste trabalho foi analisada a viabilidade técnica, econômica e potencial de captura de CO2, da produção de petróleo sintético, pelo processo GTL, offshore, a partir de dióxido de carbono (CO2) e metano (CH4), presentes na corrente de rejeito do tratamento do gás processado em uma plataforma de produção de petróleo e gás, através das reformas seca e a vapor, seguida da síntese Fischer-Tropsch. A partir de dados de literatura e com uso de simulador comercial de processos, a simulação do processo foi desenvolvida e diferentes alternativas para reaproveitamento das correntes residuais do processo foram analisadas, incluindo o reciclo e a queima dos efluentes combustíveis, assim como foram aplicadas técnicas de integração energética, otimização e análise econômica de processos. Os resultados indicaram que o processo, mássica e energeticamente integrado, na condição de menor emissão de CO2 e maior retorno financeiro, produziu petróleo sintético de forma técnica e economicamente viável. Os resultados indicaram ainda que o processo GTL, com as tecnologias utilizadas, não é indicado como método de captura de CO2 devido o fato de a geração desse componente para a produção de petróleo sintético ser duas vezes maior que a quantidade alimentada.
The discovery of a new oil province known as pre-salt, located in the Brazilian coast, represents a new frontier in the world\'s oil production. Among other challenges involved in the exploration and production in that region, the CO2 concentration at high levels in the fluids of some of those reservoirs has been the most relevant challenge for the companies that explore and produce in that area (FORMIGLI, 2007). An alternative to sequestering the CO2 extracted from natural gas is using it as a supply of raw material or as an input to the synthesis of chemical products, especially those with great market demand. One of the products that can be obtained indirectly from CO2 is synthetic fuel, produced by the process known as Gas-to- Liquids, or GTL. In this work the technical, economical and potential feasibility of CO2 capture is analyzed, as well as the production of synthetic fuel using the GTL process, offshore, from carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), found in the waste chain of the gas treatment in an oil and gas production platform, through dry and steam reforming, followed by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Thus, based on literature data and on the use of a commercial process simulator, the simulation of the suggested process was developed and different alternatives to the reutilization of the waste chains were analyzed, including the recycling and burning of some effluent streams. Techniques of energetic integration, optimization and economic analysis of process have also been applied. The results indicated that the process, mass and energy integrated in the condition of lower CO2 emissions and greater financial return, produced synthetic oil in a technically and economically feasible way. The results also indicated that the GTL process, with the technologies used, is not suitable as a method for CO2 capture due to the fact that the generation of this component for the production of synthetic oil is two times greater than the amount fed.
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Wang, Xiaonian. "Computer simulation of GTL and various problems in thermodynamics." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2210.

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This dissertation intends to provide new tuning techniques for several simple cubic equations of state (EOS) to improve their accuracy in calculating fluid phase equilibrium. It also provides graphical tools to predict some phase equilibrium phenomena from activity coefficient models. Finally, it presents simulation results for a new gas-to-liquids process. Saturation Properties for Fluids: By deriving a new identity linking the heat of vaporization for pure components to the EOS, we are able to find new expressions for the two constants a & b in the EOS. These new expressions then allow tuning of both constants a and b to experimental saturation properties at subcritical temperatures. These new tuning procedures prove effective to the point where the simpler Redlich-Kwong EOS provides better results with our procedure than does the usually superior Peng-Robinson EOS with conventional procedures. Activity Coefficient Models: This dissertation shows the flexibility of four activity coefficient models in the prediction of three fluid phase equilibrium phenomena. From these models we successfully developed new graphs that allow one to identify the presence of any of the three phenomena by visual inspection without performing a complex calculation as seen in current texts. Remote Natural Gas: This dissertation presents simulation results of a new gas-to-liquids process which converts natural gas to liquid transportation fuels. Based on the assumption of adiabatic reactions, our simulation results show that methane conversion increases with higher reaction temperature and longer residence times. Hydrogen can both inhibit methane decomposition and reduce coke formation. The rich components in the natural gas are found to decompose very fast and they have a vast quenching effect on the whole reactions. Recycling of unreacted methane also increases overall methane conversion. Finally, our simulator provides very close prediction of the experimental results from a pilot plant. Thus, we conclude that the simulation work is basically successful in fulfilling the goal of this research.
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Asari, Satoshi. "Evaluation of the GTL technology for use in the *T Network." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36511.

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Thuillier, Anne. "Diversité fonctionelle des Glutation Transférases fongiques : caractérisation des classes Ure2p et GTT2 de Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0219/document.

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Phanerochaete chrysosporium est un champignon forestier faisant partie des organismes saprophytes capables de recycler la matière organique morte. Grâce à l'excrétion de nombreuses enzymes de dégradation, en particulier des lignine peroxydases, il est capable de décomposer la matière végétale dont la lignine, un polymère complexe de composés phénoliques très résistant. L'élimination de la lignine permet la libération des autres composants du bois tels que la cellulose et l'hémicellulose qui peuvent être utilisés dans l'industrie papetière ou pour la production de bioéthanol de deuxième génération. La structure des intermédiaires et produits de dégradation de la lignine est souvent proche de celle denombreux polluants, d'où l'intérêt biotechnologique de P. chrysosporium dans les processus de bioremédiation. Cependant, les systèmes de dégradation engendrent des composés plus ou moins toxiques pour le champignon et contre lesquels il doit faire face. C'est pourquoi il possède un système de détoxication impliquant des enzymes telles que les cytochrome P450 monooxygénases ou encore les glutathion transférases (GST). Les Ure2p forment une classe de GST étendue chez Phanerochaete et d'autres basidiomycètes saprophytes. Leur étude par des approches phylogénétiques, biochimiques, structurales et transcriptomiques a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'évolution que peut subir une classe d'enzymes potentiellement soumises à une forte pression de sélection
Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a forest fungus being part of saprophytic organisms able to recycle dead organic matter. Thanks to the excretion of numerous wood decaying enzymes, and especially lignin peroxidases, this fungus is able to break down plant material including lignin, a complex polymer of phenolic compounds. Lignin removal allows the release of other wood components such as cellulose and hemicellulose, which can be further used in paper industry or to produce second generation bioethanol. The structure of intermediates and products from lignin decomposition is close to that of numerous pollutants making P. chrysosporium biotechnologically interesting for bioremediation purposes. Moreover, the fungus has to deal with more or less toxic compounds created by degradation mechanisms. It thus presents a detoxification pathway involving enzymes including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione transferases (GST). Ure2p enzymes belong to an extended GST class in Phanerochaete genus as well as in other saprophytic basidiomycetes. Their study based on phylogenetic, biochemical, structural and transcriptomic approaches provides a better understanding of evolution mechanisms of a class of enzymes potentially subject to strong selection selection pressure
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Laligné, Chloé. "Étude de la fonction de la protéine Bug22p dans différents organismes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00746881.

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Les cils sont des organites très conservés au cours de l'évolution des eucaryotes et présents à la surface de presque tous les types cellulaires. Ils sont constitués d'une structure microtubulaire, l'axonème, entourée d'une membrane en continuité avec la membrane plasmique. Ils sont nucléés par un corps basal, centriole ancré à la surface cellulaire. Grâce aux nombreux récepteurs qu'ils concentrent à leur membrane, tous les cils sont des senseurs de leur environnement. Ils peuvent aussi être motiles et assurer, par leur battement coordonné, le déplacement relatif de la cellule et du fluide environnant. Tandis que cil et structure centriolaire, hérités du premier eucaryote, ont été perdus par certains champignons et par les plantes supérieures, certains gènes codant des protéines ciliaires et centriolaires sont pourtant retrouvés dans le génome de ces espèces. Cette conservation de protéines sans l'organite suggère soit que ces protéines interviennent dans un même processus moléculaire utilisé dans plusieurs organites, soit qu'elles jouent des rôles dans des processus moléculaires distincts via leur interaction avec différents types de partenaires.J'ai choisi d'étudier l'une de ces protéines ciliaires et centriolaires, Bug22p, hautement conservée en séquence protéique entre l'homme et la paramécie, mais également présente chez les plantes supérieures. J'ai mené cette étude principalement sur la paramécie, système modèle pour la biogénèse des corps basaux et des cils, mais aussi sur des cellules de mammifère et de végétaux supérieurs. Si Bug22p est impliquée dans la détermination du battement ciliaire chez la paramécie, elle se localise également dans des cils immotiles de cellules de mammifère suggérant que son activité ciliaire n'est pas réduite à cette seule fonction. Des expériences d'inactivation génique suggèrent par ailleurs un lien entre l'activité de Bug22p et la polyglycylation. Sa surexpression dans les cellules de mammifère en culture entraîne l'apparition d'extensions cellulaires et une augmentation des réseaux de tubulines acétylées probablement associées à une stabilisation des microtubules. L'ensemble de mes résultats suggère donc un rôle de Bug22p dans la régulation de modifications post-traductionnelles. En plus d'être présente dans les structures ciliaires, Bug22p se localise aussi bien dans les noyaux de la paramécie que dans ceux des cellules humaines et des plantes supérieures Arabidopsis et Nicotiana. Ces observations ouvrent un nouveau champ d'études. En effet, si l'on sait que les tubulines ciliaires sont soumises à différentes modifications post-traductionnelles telles que polyglycylation ou acétylation, ce type de modifications touchent également des protéines nucléaires régulant ainsi le trafic de protéines nucléaires ou l'expression génique. Nous pouvons donc avancer l'hypothèse selon laquelle Bug22p agirait sur la régulation de ces modifications dans le cil et dans le noyau. Il serait donc intéressant de caractériser les modifications post-traductionnelles chez les plantes supérieures afin de vérifier une possible implication de Bug22p dans leur régulation et donc comprendre les raisons de sa conservation chez les végétaux.
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Bao, Buping. "Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3131.

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COSTA, LETICIA DE ALMEIDA. "VALUATION OF GTL PROJECT: A REAL OPTION APLICATION WITH MEAN REVERSION MODEL." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10096@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
O Presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a viabilidade econômica de uma planta XTL usando a teoria das Opções Reais. Esta metodologia é a mais adequada para avaliar a capacidade que este tipo de projeto dispões de trocar de input e/ou output, ou seja, eleger a cesta que maximiza o resultado final, de acordo com cada cenário. Essa política ótica permite avaliar a construção de uma planta com flexibilidades, com o investimento ocorrendo em um ambiente de incerteza, onde os preços (fatores de incerteza) serão considerados estocáticos e seguirão um Movimento de Reversão à Média. Os cálculos numéricos serão feitos através da simulação de Monte Carlo. A tecnologia, designada XTL, está dividida em duas etapas: um processo de gaseificação seguido de um processo GTL (gás-to- liquid). A gaseificação permite transformar sólidos, líquidos e gases em gás de síntese, que será usado como input do GTL. Já o GTL possibilita transformar o gás de síntese em líquidos de alta qualidade, tais como nafta, diesel, parafinas e lubrificantes. Por associação, esta dissertação faz parte de um projeto que visa aplicar a teoria de Opções Reais na avaliação de investimentos em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), com a finalidade de valorar e considerar as flexibilidades inerentes a este tipo de projeto.
The present work has objective to analyze the investiment of a XTL plant using the Real Options Theory. This methodology is adjusted to evaluate the capacity that this project has to changes its input and/or output, in other words, to elect the option that maximizes payoff, in accordance with each scenario, allowing to evaluate the construction of a plant with flexibilities with the investiments happening in an environment of economical and/or technical uncertainties, where the prices (uncertainty factors) are stochastic and will follow the Mean Reversion Model, calculated by the Monte Carlo Simulation. The XTL technology is divided in two stages: a gasification process followed by a GTL (gas-to-liquid) process. The gasification process allows you to transform solids, liquids and gases into synthesis gas, that will be used as input of the GTL. The GTL makes possible to transform the syntesis gas into high quality liquids, such as naphtha, diesel, paraffins and lubrificants. This work is part of a project, with the objective to apply the Real Options Theory in the evaluation of investiments in Research and Development (R&D), aiming to price and consider the flexibilities that are inherent to this project.
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Karabanova, Anastasiya. "The Effectiveness of Small-scale GTL Technologyin Remote Small Fields of Russia." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-210216.

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In the Thesis, the problem of associated petroleum gas flaring both in Russia and in the world is revealed. The analysis of associated petroleum gas utilization methods in respect to the small remote oil fields is carried out. The Thesis shows the perspective of creating low and medium power autonomous installations for energy supply to the oil facilities in the remote areas with poorly developed energy infrastructure by processing associated petroleum gas in small-scale GTL technology unit. Taking into account specifics of small remote oil fields, GTL technology scheme was chosen among existing types and its material balance wascalculated. The schemes of both associated petroleum gas utilization and power production on site in the small remote fields were suggested and compared to each other from economical and environmental perspectives. Furthermore, the economic effect from themini-GTL technology introduction into the schemes was defined.
I avhandlingen uppenbaras problemet med tillhörande petroleumsgaser både i Ryssland och i världen. Analysen av tillhörande oljeutnyttjande metoder för de små avlägsna oljefälten utförs. Avhandlingen visar perspektivet på att skapa låga och medelkraftiga autonoma installationer för energiförsörjning till oljeanläggningarna i de avlägsna områdena med dåligt utvecklad energiinfrastruktur genom att bearbeta tillhörande oljegas i småskaliga GTL-teknologienheten. Med tanke på särdrag hos små avlägsna oljefält valdes GTLteknikprogrammet bland befintliga typer och dess materialbalans beräknades. Systemen för både tillhörande oljeutnyttjande och kraftproduktion på plats i de små avlägsna fälten föreslogs och jämfördes med varandra från ekonomiska och miljömässiga perspektiv. Vidare definierades den ekonomiska effekten från mini-GTLteknikintroduktionen i systemen.
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Books on the topic "Gtl2"

1

Here's the situation: A guide to creeping on chicks, avoiding grenades, and getting in your GTL on the Jersey Shore. New York: Gotham Books, 2010.

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Sorrentino, Mike. Here's the situation: A guide to creeping on chicks, avoiding grenades, and getting in your GTL on the Jersey Shore. New York: Gotham Books, 2010.

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Strasman, PeterG. Renault owners workshop manual: Models covered : Renault 5, L, TL, GTL, TS, TX, Gordini and Gordini Turbo, including Automatic, Le Car 2 and special edition models. Sparkford: Haynes, 1986.

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ICANN generic top-level domains (gTLD): Hearing before the Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, May 4, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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Perritano, John. Porsche 911 GT2. Kaleidoscope Publishing, Inc., 2020.

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Porsche 911 GT2 and GT3. CP Press, 2015.

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Porsche 911 GT2 and GT3. Unique Motor Books, 2004.

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Revue technique automobile Renault 4 TL et GTL. Revue technique automobile, 1993.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics:GTL Program., ed. Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL program. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2006.

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(US), National Research Council. Review of the Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL Program. National Academies Press, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gtl2"

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Gebauer, Jan Peer, and Martin Kaltschmitt. "Bio-Gtl Processes." In Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass), 1145–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7813-7_1041.

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Gebauer, Jan Peer, and Martin Kaltschmitt. "Bio-Gtl Processes." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1041-1.

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Steine, Tor Olav. "The Norwegian State Railway System GTL (1976)." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 290–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17145-6_30.

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Verboven, Peter, Patrick Guillaume, and Eli Parloo. "Frequency-Domain TLS and GTLS Algorithms for Modal Analysis Applications." In Total Least Squares and Errors-in-Variables Modeling, 305–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3552-0_27.

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Breton, B., T. Mikolajczyk, and W. Popek. "The neuroendocrine control of the gonadotropin (GTH2) secretion in teleost fish." In Aquaculture: Fundamental and Applied Research, 199–215. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce043p0199.

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Asaro, Marianna, and Ronald M. Smith. "Gas to Liquid Technologies gas-to-liquids (GtL) technologies." In Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 3955–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_72.

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Shin, Soo-Young, and Soo-Hyun Park. "GT2 – Reduced Wastes Time Mechanism for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network." In Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 531–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77090-9_49.

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Rosen, Brian A., and Sarika Singh. "Fossil Fuels: Coke-Resistant Nanomaterials for Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Fuels." In Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability, 59–82. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527696109.ch3.

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Pouryousef, Shahrooz, Muhammad Daniyal Dar, Suleman Ahmad, Phillipa Gill, and Rishab Nithyanand. "Extortion or Expansion? An Investigation into the Costs and Consequences of ICANN’s gTLD Experiments." In Passive and Active Measurement, 141–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44081-7_9.

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Clematis, A., A. Corana, D. D’Agostino, V. Gianuzzi, and A. Merlo. "Resource Selection and Application Execution in a Grid: A Migration Experience from GT2 to GT4." In On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: CoopIS, DOA, GADA, and ODBASE, 1132–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11914952_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gtl2"

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Al-Tamimi, Abdulaziz. "Gtl Efficiency." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-17415-ms.

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Al-Tamimi, Abdulaziz. "Gtl Efficiency." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/17415-ms.

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Apanel, George. "GTL Update." In SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/93580-ms.

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Al-Tamimi, A. "GTL Efficiency." In IPTC 2014: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.395.iptc-17415-ms.

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Agee, Mark A. "Taking GTL Conversion Offshore." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/10762-ms.

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Al-Saadoon, Faleh Tawfiq. "Economics of GTL Plants." In SPE Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/94380-ms.

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Kick, Thomas, Trupti Kathrotia, Marina Braun-Unkhoff, and Uwe Riedel. "An Experimental and Modeling Study of Laminar Flame Speeds of Alternative Aviation Fuels." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45606.

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The present work reports on measurements of burning velocities of synthetic fuel air mixtures exploiting the cone-angle method, as part of the EU project ALFA-BIRD. The GtL (Gas-to-Liquid)-air mixtures — (i) 100% GtL and (ii) GtL+20% hexanol, respectively — were studied at atmospheric pressure, with values of the equivalence ratio φ ranging between φ ∼ 1.0 and φ ∼ 1.3, at preheat temperatures To = 423 K (GtL+20% hexanol) as well as To = 473 K (for 100% GtL and GtL+20% hexanol). A comparison between experimentally obtained burning velocities and predicted values of laminar flame speed is presented, too. In general, good agreement was found between predicted and measured data for the range of conditions considered in the present study. The predictive capability of the detailed reaction model consisting of 3479 reactions involving 490 species will be discussed focusing on the laminar flame speed and the combustion of the components (n-decane, iso-octane, and 1-hexanol) of the surrogate used.
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Soloiu, Valentin, Jose Moncada, Remi Gaubert, Spencer Harp, Marcel Ilie, and Justin Wiley. "GTL Kerosene and N-Butanol in RCCI Mode: Combustion and Emissions Investigation." In ASME 2018 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2018-9585.

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High reactivity gas-to-liquid kerosene (GTL) was investigated with port fuel injection (PFI) of low reactivity n-butanol to conduct reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI). In the preliminary stage, the GTL was investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber, and the results indicated a narrower negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region than ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD#2). The engine research was conducted at 1500 RPM and various loads with early n-butanol PFI and dual DI pulses of GTL at 60 crank angle degrees (CAD) before top dead center (TDC) and at a timing close to TDC. Boost and PFI fractions (60% by mass n-butanol) were kept constant in order to analyze the fuel reactivity effect on combustion. Conventional diesel combustion (CDC) mode with a single injection and the same combustion phasing (CA50) was used as an emissions baseline for RCCI. RCCI increased ignition delay and combustion duration decreased compared to CDC. Results showed that in order to maintain CA50 for RCCI within 1 CAD, GTL mass required for the first DI pulse to be 15% lower than that of ULSD#2 at higher loads. Peak heat release rate decreased for GTL by 25% given the high volatility and low viscosity of GTL. In general, using GTL, NOx and soot levels were reduced across load points by up to 15% to 30%, respectively, compared to ULSD RCCI, while maintaining RCCI combustion efficiency at 93–97%. Meanwhile, reductions of 85% in soot and 90% in NOx were determined when using RCCI compared to CDC. The more favorable heat release placement of GTL led to increased thermal efficiency by 3% at higher load compared to ULSD#2. The higher volatility and increased reactivity for GTL achieved lower UHC and CO than ULSD#2 at lower load. The study concluded that GTL offered advantages when used with n-butanol for this RCCI fueling configuration.
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Eigenbrod, Christian, Frank Giese, Manfredo Reimert, Peter Rickmers, and Konstantin Klinkov. "Autoignition Properties of Fossil- and GTL-Kerosene and its Model Fuel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95060.

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The autoignition properties of GTL-kerosene sprays have been examined in a hot blow-down wind-tunnel. The results are compared to those of fossil kerosene and the model fuel for GTL-kerosene. A total of more than 1100 experiments were carried out in the pressure range between 4.5 and 6 bar and at temperatures between 740 and 840 K. The sprays were injected in a jet-in-crossflow configuration into hot air of about 30 m/s velocity. It can be shown that the induction times of GTL-kerosene are essentially longer (between 10 and 30%) than those from fossil Jet A1 and its pressure and temperature dependency compares favorably to those of n-decane sprays. This indicates that GTL-kerosene has very good properties if a lean prevaporized premixed combustion with low NOx-emissions is desired. N-decane as the well matching model fuel for GTL-kerosene was found through single droplet ignition experiments performed in microgravity in the Bremen drop tower. These experiments were comparing various mono- and bi-component fuel’s ignition properties to those of GTL-kerosene droplets.
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Zhou, Yunyan, Lixi Wan, and Jun Li. "Power integrity simulation for SiP using GTLE." In High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2009.5270717.

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Reports on the topic "Gtl2"

1

Herbert M. Sauro. Computational Resources for GTL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921099.

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D. M. Perez, G. S. Chang, N. E. Woolstenhulme, and D. M. Wachs. GTL-1 Irradiation Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056081.

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Rintoul, Mark Daniel, Anthony A. Martino, Brian Palenik, Grant S. Heffelfinger, Ying Xu, Al Geist, and Andrey Gorin. Genomics :GTL project quarterly report April 2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877716.

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Matsuhita, Koichi, Manabu Kobayashi, Hiroshi Yachi, and Junko Matsui. Gasoline Preparation From GTL Oil~Hydrocracking and Secondary Reformation. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0263.

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none,. U.S. Department of Energy's Genomics: GTL Bioenergy Research Centers White Paper. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218383.

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Bromberg, Leslie, Wai K. Cheng, William H. Green, Emmanuel Lim, Angie Acocella, Kevin Cedrone, and Cohn R. Daniel. Final Scientific/Technical Report Compact, Inexpensive Micro-Reformer for Distributed GTL Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1160094.

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Tsujimura, Taku, Shinichi Goto, and Hideki Matsubara. Effects of Properties of GTL Fuels on Emission Characteristics of Diesel Vehicle. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0265.

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Tsubakiyama, Toru, Mitsuharu Oguma, Shinichi Goto, Mitsuru Konno, and Hideki Matsubara. Engine Performances and Emission Properties of Operation Limit Area Fueled With GTL. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0266.

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Godwin A. Chukwu, Ph D. ,. P. E. STUDY OF TRANSPORTATION OF GTL PRODUCTS FROM ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE (ANS) TO MARKETS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808065.

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Godwin A. Chukwu, Santanu Khataniar, Shirish Patil, and Abhijit Dandekar. Operational Challenges in Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919007.

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