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1

Eissa, Mohamed A., John Pfeiffer, and Heiman Alfredo Paz Ortega. "Seismic petrophysical analysis for thin sandstone reservoirs in Colombia's Guajira Basin." Leading Edge 28, no. 6 (June 2009): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3148402.

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2

Londoño-Burbano, Alejandro, César Román-Valencia, and Donald C. Taphorn. "Taxonomic review of Colombian Parodon (Characiformes: Parodontidae), with descriptions of three new species." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 4 (2011): 709–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011000400003.

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We review species of Parodon Valenciennes, 1850 from the Magdalena, Cauca, Orinoco, Amazonas, Atrato and Caribbean-Guajira River basins of Colombia using meristic and morphological characters. We recognize eight valid species, five previously described: P. apolinari Myers, from the Orinoco River basin; P. buckleyi Boulenger and P. pongoensis (Allen) from the upper Amazon; P. caliensis Boulenger, from the upper Cauca River drainage; and P. suborbitalis Valenciennes, from Lake Maracaibo basin. Three new species are described: P. alfonsoi, from the lower Magdalena River drainage; P. magdalenensis, from the middle Magdalena and upper Cauca River drainages; and P. atratoensis, from the Atrato River basin. We redescribe Parodon suborbitalis using type specimens and topotypes, and designate lectotypes. A taxonomic key is included for identification of the species, as well as geographic distribution maps.
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Moreno, F., A. J. W. Hendy, L. Quiroz, N. Hoyos, D. S. Jones, V. Zapata, S. Zapata, et al. "Revised stratigraphy of Neogene strata in the Cocinetas Basin, La Guajira, Colombia." Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 134, no. 1 (April 4, 2015): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13358-015-0071-4.

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4

Silva-Tamayo, Juan Carlos, Catalina Ramirez, Mario Lara, Alcides Nobrega Sial, David Trujillo, and Edward Salazar. "Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of a Valanginian carbonate succession from the Baja Guajira Basin, northern Colombia." Brazilian Journal of Geology 46, suppl 1 (June 2016): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-488920160030294.

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ABSTRACT: The Kesima Member of the Palanz Formation constitutes the first record of Cretaceous marine sedimentation along the Baja Guajira Basin, northern Colombia. Sedimentologic and petrographic analyses suggest a deposition along a coral reef dominated rimmed carbonate platform. 87Sr/86Sr values between 0.707350 and 0.707400 suggest a Valanginian (136 - 132 Ma) depositional age for the Kesima Member. A positive anomaly on the δ13C values of ~2.2‰ suggests that this rimmed carbonate platform registered the Valanginian Weissert oceanic anoxic event. Although the Weissert oceanic anoxic event resulted on a major drowning of the Circum Tethyan carbonate platforms, it seems to have not affected those from the Circum Caribbean, where several shallow marine carbonate platform successions crop out. The Kesima Member displays a change from an organically produced carbonate factory into an inorganically produced, ooids dominated, carbonate factory during the peak of the Weissert event δ13C anomaly. This change in the carbonate factory, which may represent a major perturbation of the marine carbonate budget along tropical settings during the Weissert event, coincides with a major decrease in global sea level. Finally, the age of the Kesima Member is considerably older than that of other Cretaceous carbonate successions cropping out in other northern South America sedimentary basins (i.e. Perija-Merida, Cesar-Rancheria). Differences in the timing of the Cretaceous marine incursion along northern South America, together with the differences in the Triassic-Jurassic stratigraphy of several sedimentary basins in northern South America, suggest that the Baja Guajira and Maracaibo basins remained as an isolated tectonic block separated from northern South America after the breakup of Pangea.
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Flórez, Paola, Paula Zapata-Ramírez, and James S. Klaus. "Early Miocene shallow-water corals from La Guajira, Colombia: part I, Acroporidae–Montastraeidae." Journal of Paleontology 93, no. 1 (October 2, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.45.

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AbstractWe document for the first time Miocene corals from the Siamaná and Jimol formations of the Cocinetas Basin in La Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia. This is the first of two contributions dedicated to the description and detailed illustration of morphospecies collected during two scientific expeditions (2011, 2014) to the remote region. Here we report coral morphospecies attributed to the families Acroporidae, Agathiphylliidae, Astrocoeniidae, Caryophylliidae, Diploastraeidae, Merulinidae, and Montastraeidae. Eighteen species belonging to these seven families, included in nine genera, are described. Fifteen species are assigned to established taxa, while three remain in open nomenclature. Of the species identified, onlyMontastraea cavernosa(Linnaeus, 1767) exists today. The coral taxa described are typical of the Oligocene–Miocene transition and were important components of shallow-water reefs in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico region during this period. The occurrence ofAgathiphylliaspp.,Antiguastrea, andDiploastreaspp. confirms the presence of these genera in the Miocene of the Southern Caribbean. Coral assemblages suggest that the La Guajira coral community thrived in calm and shallow waters.
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Rangel, A., B. Katz, V. Ramirez, and E. Vaz dos Santos Neto. "Alternative interpretations as to the origin of the hydrocarbons of the Guajira Basin, Colombia." Marine and Petroleum Geology 20, no. 2 (February 2003): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8172(03)00061-8.

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7

Vence, Eleine, and Paul Mann. "Subsurface basement, structure, stratigraphy, and timing of regional tectonic events affecting the Guajira margin of northern Colombia." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): ST69—ST105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2020-0016.1.

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We have combined previous data from Mesozoic-Cenozoic outcrops in the Guajira Peninsula of northern Colombia with regional gravity, bathymetric, and seismic interpretations to demonstrate the existence of a 280 km long western extension of the Great Arc of the Caribbean (GAC) along the continental margin of Colombia. Seismic data reveal an 80–100 km wide domal-shaped basement high that exhibits internal chaotic seismic facies. This elongate and domal-shaped structure extends 1800 km from the Aves Ridge in the Caribbean Sea to the study area in offshore Colombia. The western extension of the GAC in Colombia and western Venezuela is buried by 700–3000 m of continental margin sedimentary rocks as a result of the GAC colliding earlier with the Colombian margin (Cretaceous-early Paleogene collision) than its subaerially exposed eastern extension along the Leeward Antilles ridge (late Paleogene-Neogene). Our compilation of geologic information from the entire GAC reveals that GAC magmatism occurred from 128 to 74 Ma with magmatism ages progressively younger toward the east. Six upper Eocene to recent marine seismic sequences overlying the domal basement high of the GAC have been mapped by our analysis of 2400 km of seismic lines and 12 well logs. Based on subsurface mapping correlated with well-log information and onland geology in the Guajira Peninsula, these six sequences record four major deformational events: (1) late Eocene rifting in an east–west direction produced half-grabens in the northern part of the area, (2) Oligocene transtension in the southern part of the area expressed by right-lateral Oligocene strike-slip faulting and extensional basin formation, (3) early-middle Miocene transtension, and (4) late Miocene-early Pliocene Andean uplift accompanied by rapid erosion and clastic infilling of offshore basins by the Magdalena delta and deep-sea fan. The significance of this basin framework is discussed for known and inferred hydrocarbon systems.
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8

Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge Domingo, Zoneibe Luz, Austin Hendy, László Kocsis, Orangel Aguilera, and Torsten Vennemann. "Neogene Caribbean elasmobranchs: diversity, paleoecology and paleoenvironmental significance of the Cocinetas Basin assemblage (Guajira Peninsula, Colombia)." Biogeosciences 16, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-33-2019.

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Abstract. The Cocinetas Basin is located on the eastern flank of the Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia (southern Caribbean). During the late Oligocene through the Pliocene, much of the basin was submerged. The extensive deposits in this area suggest a transition from a shallow marine to a fluvio-deltaic system, with a rich record of invertebrate and vertebrate fauna. The elasmobranch assemblages of the early Miocene to the late Pliocene succession in the Cocinetas Basin (Jimol, Castilletes and Ware formations, as well as the Patsúa Valley) are described for the first time. The assemblages include at least 30 taxa of sharks (Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes and Carcharhiniformes) and batoids (Rhinopristiformes and Myliobatiformes), of which 24 taxa are reported from the Colombian Neogene for the first time. Paleoecological interpretations are based on the feeding ecology and on estimates of the paleohydrology (relative salinity, temperature) using stable isotope compositions of oxygen in the bioapatite of shark teeth. The isotopic composition of the studied specimens corroborates paleoenvironmental settings for the studied units that were previously estimated based on the sedimentology and biology of the taxa. These Neogene elasmobranch assemblages from the Cocinetas Basin provide new insights into the diversity the sharks and rays inhabiting the coastal and estuarine environments of the northwestern margin of South America, both during the existence of the gateway between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and following its closure.
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9

HRBEK, TOMAS, DONALD C. TAPHORN, and JAMIE E. THOMERSON. "Molecular phylogeny of Austrofundulus Myers (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with revision of the genus and the description of four new species." Zootaxa 825, no. 1 (January 20, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.825.1.1.

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Phylogenetic analysis of 13 mitochondrial DNA genes of Austrofundulus Myers 1932 indicates that as presently recognized, A. limnaeus is composed of several populations with monophyletic haplotype lineages, which together are paraphyletic with respected to A. transilis. These populationswere previously united based on shared plesiomorphic morphometric characters. Austrofundulus myersi is removed from synonymy; four new species: A. rupununi, A. leohoignei, A. guajira, and A. leoni are described; and A. limnaeus is restricted to populations along the eastern side of Lake Maracaibo. In contrast, populations of A. transilis from the Río Apure Llanos and the lower Río Unare basin show little divergence. The proposed phylogeny: (A. myersi (A. leoni (A. limnaeus (A. guajira (A. leohoignei (A. rupununi (A. transilis))))))) is strongly supported by high bootstrap values and Bremer decay indexes, and unique length variations in the 12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene. The distributions and the relationships of the newly erected species are concordant with the geological history of northern South America.Un análisis filogenético de 13 genes del ADN mitocondrial de Austrofundulus muestra que como actualmente este configurada, la especie Austrofundulus limnaeus es parafilética, y consiste de varias linajes monofiléticas que estuvieron unidas en base de características morfométricas plesiomórficas que comparten. Se remueve Austrofundulus myersi de la sinonímia de A. limnaeus, se describen cuatro especies nuevas: A. rupununi, A. leohoignei, A. guajira y A. leoni, y se restringe A. limnaeus a las poblaciones del lado este del Lago de Maracaibo. Muy distinta la situación de las diferentes poblaciones de A. transilis de las cuencas del Río Apure y Unare, que muestra poca divergencia genética. La filogenia propuesta es: (A. myersi (A. leoni (A. limnaeus (A. guajira (A. leohoignei (A. rupununi (A. transilis))))))) se apoya fuertemente por los altos valores bootstrap y los índices Bremer de descomposición y por variaciones únicas en la longitud del gen 12S de la ribosoma de RDN (rRDN). Las distribuciones zoogeográficas y las relaciones filogenéticas de las especies nuevas descritas concuerdan bien con la historia geológica del norte de Sudamérica.
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10

Jouanno, Julien, and Julio Sheinbaum. "Heat Balance and Eddies in the Caribbean Upwelling System." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 1004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0140.1.

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Abstract The upper-ocean heat budget of the Caribbean upwelling system is investigated during the onset of the Atlantic warm pool (June–September) using high-resolution observations of sea surface temperature and a high-resolution (°) regional model. Vertical mixing is found to be the major cooling contribution to the mixed layer heat budget in the nearshore and offshore Colombia Basin. Numerical results show that intense mesoscale eddies in the Colombia Basin significantly shape the turbulent cooling and may participate in the maintenance of cooler temperature in this region compared to surrounding areas. Indeed, increased mixing at the base of the mixed layer occurs below energetic surface jets that form on the downstream side of the eddies. These jets generally flow offshore and may arise from the deformation of the surface mesoscale field. It is shown that significant contribution of horizontal advection to the mixed layer heat budget is limited to a radius of 300 km around the Guajira and Margarita upwelling zones.
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Amson, Eli, Juan D. Carrillo, and Carlos Jaramillo. "Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange." Palaeontology 59, no. 4 (June 8, 2016): 563–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pala.12244.

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12

Flórez, Paola, Paula Zapata-Ramírez, and James S. Klaus. "Early Miocene shallow-water corals from La Guajira, Colombia: Part II, Mussidae–Siderastreidae and Milleporidae." Journal of Paleontology 93, no. 3 (December 28, 2018): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.90.

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AbstractIn this contribution we describe and illustrate 14 coral morphospecies collected from the early Miocene Siamaná (Aquitanian–Burdigalian) and Jimol (late Burdigalian) formations of the Cocinetas Basin in La Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia. Eleven were identified as already established species including seven genera belonging to the families Mussidae, Pocilloporidae, Poritidae, Siderastreidae, and Milleporidae; the other three remain in open nomenclature. Nine of the 11 species identified (81%) are extinct. The remaining two living species,Siderastrea sidereaandMillepora alcicornis, are common on modern Caribbean reefs. Their presence in the Siamaná Formation extends their temporal range in the Caribbean region to the early Miocene. Most of the taxa described here were hermatypic and zooxanthellate corals of the order Scleractinia, with the exception of the fire coralMillepora alcicornis, of the order Anthothecata, family Milleporidae. The coral fauna recorded in the Siamaná and Jimol formations is typical of shallow and calm waters of the Oligocene–Miocene transition.
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13

Manuel, Peter. "From Scarlatti to “Guantanamera”: Dual Tonicity in Spanish and Latin American Musics." Journal of the American Musicological Society 55, no. 2 (2002): 311–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2002.55.2.311.

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Abstract This essay explores the sense of dual tonicity evident in a set of interrelated Spanish and Latin American music genres. These genres include seventeenth-century Spanish keyboard and vihuela fandangos, and diverse folk genres of the Hispanic Caribbean Basin, including the Venezuelan galerón and the Cuban punto, zapateo, and guajira. Songs in these genres oscillate between apparent “tonic” and “dominant” chords, yet conclude on the latter chord and bear internal features that render such terminology inapplicable. Rather, such ostinatos should be understood as oscillating in a pendular fashion between two tonal centers of relatively equal stability. The ambiguous tonicity is related to the Moorish-influenced modal harmony of flamenco and Andalusian folk music; it can also be seen to have informed the modern Cuban son and the music of twentieth-century Cuban composer Amadeo Roldán.
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Jouanno, Julien, Julio Sheinbaum, Bernard Barnier, Jean Marc Molines, and Julio Candela. "Seasonal and Interannual Modulation of the Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Caribbean Sea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 2041–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-048.1.

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Abstract Variability of the mesoscale eddy field in the Caribbean Sea is analyzed over the period 1993–2009 using geostrophic anomalies derived from altimeter data and a high-resolution regional model. The Colombia Basin presents the largest values of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and its semiannual cycle, with a main peak in August–October and a secondary peak in February–March, is the dominant feature in the whole Caribbean EKE cycle. The analysis of energy conversion terms between low-frequency currents and eddies explains these peaks by enhanced baroclinic and barotropic instabilities, in response to seasonally varying currents in the region of the Guajira Peninsula. The semiannual acceleration of the atmospheric Caribbean low-level jet intensifies the southern Caribbean Current (sCC) twice a year in this region, together with its vertical and horizontal velocity shears. The asymmetry of the EKE seasonal cycle in the Colombia Basin is explained by a summer peak in the annual cycle of the whole sCC. Numerical results suggest that the arrival of more energetic North Brazil Current rings during part of the year have almost no impact on the seasonal cycle of EKE in the Colombia Basin. Instead, they are shown to contribute, together with the annual cycle of the Caribbean inflow through the southern passages of the Lesser Antilles, to an annual peak of EKE in the Venezuela Basin between May and August. At the interannual scale the mechanism is similar: interannual variability of the alongshore wind stress controls the speed of the southern Caribbean Current and the energy of the eddies in the Colombia Basin through instability.
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Flórez, Paola, Emanuela Di Martino, and Laís V. Ramalho. "Early Miocene coral reef-associated bryozoans from Colombia. Part I: Cyclostomata, “Anasca” and Cribrilinoidea Cheilostomata." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 4 (March 16, 2021): 694–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.5.

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AbstractThis is the first of two comprehensive taxonomic works on the early Miocene (ca. 23–20 Ma) bryozoan fauna associated with coral reefs from the Siamaná Formation, in the remote region of Cocinetas Basin in the La Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia, southern Caribbean. Fifteen bryozoan species in 11 families are described, comprising two cyclostomes and 13 cheilostomes. Two cheilostome genera and seven species are new: Antropora guajirensis n. sp., Calpensia caribensis n. sp., Atoichos magnus n. gen. n. sp., Gymnophorella hadra n. gen. n. sp., Cribrilaria multicostata n. sp., Cribrilaria nixor n. sp., and Figularia bragai n. sp. Eight species are identified only at genus level and remain in open nomenclature. Of the species found, 27% have erect colonies and 73% encrusting colonies. Both types contributed to the reef framework and produced sediment. The observed bryozoan diversity was higher in the barrier reefs than in the lagoonal patch reefs.UUID: http://zoobank.org/5c8468ef-31b0-4e7e-ba93-60a2e2f30b76.
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Amson, Eli, Juan David Carrillo, and Carlos Jaramillo. "3D models related to the publication: Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange." MorphoMuseuM 2, no. 1 (June 8, 2016): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18563/m3.2.1.e3.

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Cardona, A., V. Valencia, G. Bayona, C. Jaramillo, G. Ojeda, and J. Ruiz. "U/Pb LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS Zircon Geochronology and Geochemistry from a Postcollisional Biotite Granite of the Baja Guajira Basin, Colombia: Implications for Late Cretaceous and Neogene Caribbean–South American Tectonics." Journal of Geology 117, no. 6 (November 2009): 685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/605776.

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Domínguez Calle, Efrain Antonio, Jaime Andres Moreno Miranda, Maria Helena Olaya Rodríguez, Juan Felipe Martínez, Cesar Augusto Ruíz Agudelo, Luis Francisco Madriñan, Jaime Burbano Girón, and Sergio Esteban Lozano Baez. "Objective assessment of ecosystem hydrological services in tropical areas: A Colombian experience in arid and semi-arid zones." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 12, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2098.

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This study presents a methodology to address the challenge of objectively demonstrating Ecosystem Hydrological Services (EHS). A case study is used in the region of the La Guajira Peninsula (Colombia), with a focus on the EHS of water flow regulation. The proposed methodology hypothesizes that EHS that have not been objectively demonstrated lead to failures in the implementation of guidelines of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES). Following this idea, we have tried to understand and quantify the relationship between vegetation coverage and streamflow regulation. To prove this relationship and the existence of the mentioned EHS in the La Guajira Ecosystem, we determined land cover changes from 2000 to 2013 using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and we also quantified the streamflow regulation using hydrological and meteorological time series in the study area. The analysis methods used were insufficient to determine the influence of vegetation on hydric regulation EHS; nevertheless, a greater influence of morphometry was observed in medium‑and large-sized basins. Another important finding shows the relevance of selecting an adequate spatial and time resolution when quantifying water flow regulation services and its relationship with land cover characteristics. In this way, this exercise shows the complexity of quantifying EHS. Furthermore, we highlight some aspects that must be taken into account to properly quantify streamflow regulation due to vegetation coverage.
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Caldana, Nathan Felipe da Silva, Pablo Ricardo Nitsche, Alan Carlos Martelócio, Luiz Gustavo Batista Ferreira, Paulo Henrique Caramori, and Jorge Alberto Martins. "AGROCLIMATIC RISK ZONING FOR GUAVA (Psidium guajava L.) IN PARANÁ RIVER BASIN 3." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 7, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v7i2.4025.

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Fruticulture constitutes an important sector of the Brazilian agricultural industry. Despite technological and scientific advances, climate is still the most important variable defining crop productivity. Because of this, agroclimatic zoning should be one of the first factors to consider when starting to plant a particular crop. The objective of this work was to conduct climate risk zoning for guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Paraná river basin 3, Paraná, Brazil, using meteorological data from 43 stations collected between 1976 and 2018. The climate risk analysis was based on the climatic factors that impact the species, such as rainfall, annual water deficit, average annual temperature, coldest month temperature, and risk of frost. The findings of this study suggest that the basin has areas with a low climate risk for guava cultivation. Precipitation and water balance were sufficient under all tested scenarios. The most limiting factor for production was frost, but with risk only present during the first years of cultivation. Despite this, planting restrictions were only predicted to occur in the far west portion of the basin. Agricultural techniques that reduce the risk of frost and avoiding areas with greater frost incidences are the two most important aspects to consider to ensure greater success for guava in the region.
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Darwis, Aida Fadhilla, and Wilda Hafni Lubis. "EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIOXIDANT PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L LEAF EXTRACT TO MINOR TYPE RECURRENT STOMATITIS AFTOSA (RAS)." Dentika Dental Journal 19, no. 2 (December 12, 2016): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v19i2.418.

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Minor Recurrent Athous Stomatitis (RAS), known as sore that often occurs in oral disease. That characterized by ulcers and pain symptoms for 3-10 days which disrupt the activities that prompt patients seeking medication to relieve these symptoms. RAS etiology is not known clearly, some studies associate it with free radicals. Guava leaves/ Psidium guajava L have much content of bioactive component that are efficacious as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial / antidiarrheal, hepatoprotective and antioxidant. The purpose of this study to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant leaves of Psidium guajava L against Minor RAS by reduction of the diameter of ulcers and pain. This clinical trial was carried out using a single-blind randomized pretest posttest control group method. That consisted of 30 participants who had minor RAS with 15 people got extract gel Psidium guajava L 3% as a treatment group and 15 others received placebo (basic gel) as a control group. Ethanol extract was obtained by maceration method and antioxidant activity test by DPPH (dipheniyl picrylhidrazil) method. This study shows the results of the ethanol extract of leaves of Psidium guajava L has a very strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 22.39 ppm. Gel extracts give a a meaningful effect on the healing SAR with statistically significant in the reduction of ulcers diameter p 0.007 by repeated Annova test and a reduction in pain scores p <0.001 by Friedman test. In conclusion, extract Psidium guajava Linn leaves as a high antioxidant content effective promotion the healing process by reduced diameter ulcer and pain of Minor SAR.
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Villa, Diana, and Néstor García. "Food plants in home gardens of the Middle Magdalena basin of Colombia." Caldasia 39, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 292–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v39n2.63661.

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Las huertas familiares son importantes reservorios de diversidad agrícola esenciales para sostener la seguridad alimentaria de las comunidades rurales. En este artículo se describe la riqueza y la composición de especies y variedades de plantas usadas para alimentación en huertas familiares del municipio de San Pablo, Magdalena Medio de Colombia; y se discuten sus posibles relaciones con un grupo de variables socioeconómicas y estructurales. El estudio se llevó a cabo en 20 huertas, donde se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a las personas cabeza de familia y se registraron todas las plantas alimenticias. Las características físicas de las huertas variaron ampliamente. La edad de los propietarios varió entre 28-90 años y el nivel de educación más frecuente fue la primaria. En total se encontraron 75 especies representadas en 162 variedades. Los cultivos más diversos y frecuentes en las huertas fueron plátanos (Musa x paradisiaca), mangos (Mangifera indica), guayabas (Psidium guajava) y yucas (Manihot esculenta). El número promedio de especies por huerta fue de 17,5 (DE = 7,1), con un intervalo entre 6 y 33. En promedio el 48% de las especies fueron frutas, seguidas por raíces y tubérculos (16%), verduras (11%) y especias (9%). Por otro lado, se encontró una correlación significativa entre la riqueza de plantas alimenticias y la edad del agricultor (rs = 0,461, p = 0,04) y el número de miembros de la familia (rs = -0,487, p = 0,03). Las huertas familiares de San Pablo son un importante reservorio regional de agrobiodiversidad que sustentan la nutrición de las familias.
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PEREIRA, ANTONIO MARQUES JÚNIOR, ERIC FABRÍCIO MARIALVA, GENIMAR REBOUÇAS JULIÃO, FELIPE ARLEY COSTA PESSOA, and JANSEN FERNANDES MEDEIROS. "Survey of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) in Guajará-Mirim State Park forest reserve, near the Brazil-Bolivian border, with a description of Pintomyia fiocruzi, a new sand fly species." Zootaxa 4691, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4691.3.7.

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Rondônia State has been subject to a higher percentage of deforestation than any other Brazilian state in the Amazon basin. Rondônia’s protected forests are extremely important because their biodiversity attests to the species richness that has been lost to human encroachment. Phlebotomine sand flies are Leishmania vectors that have the potential to function as environmental bioindicators. A sand fly survey was conducted near the Brazil-Bolivian border, in a protected ombrophylous forest in Guajará-Mirim State Park, which is located between the municipalities of Guajará-Mirim and Nova Mamoré, in Rondônia State, Brazil. A total of 6,341 specimens were collected and 59 species were identified; the most abundant species were Trichophoromyia auraensis (Mangabeira), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho) and Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira). Additionally, a new sand fly species of the genus Pintomyia (Lima) was discovered and is described herein. This new species belongs to the Pifanomyia Ortiz & Scorza subgenus, Serrana group, and is characterized by parameres with a basal area that is clearly more dilated than the apical area. The high diversity and abundance of sand fly vectors observed in this study, such as Ny. antunesi, Th. auraensis and Th. ubiquitalis, indicate that these species are probable vectors within Rondônia State. In addition, the discovery of a new Pintomyia species increases the number of sand fly species in Rondônia to 136, which demonstrates that high sand fly diversity within the region holds great potential for yielding important new discoveries.
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Henao-Muñoz, Andrés, Andrés Saavedra-Montes, and Carlos Ramos-Paja. "Optimal Power Dispatch of Small-Scale Standalone Microgrid Located in Colombian Territory." Energies 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071877.

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An optimal power dispatch of a small-scale standalone microgrid for remote area power supply in Colombian territory is proposed in this paper. The power dispatch is generated by an energy management system based on a mixed-integer linear programming, which minimizes the cost of operating the microgrid while fulfilling the technical constraints of its elements. The energy management system solves an optimization problem using the algebraic representation of the generators and its constraints. Basic steady-state models of the generators are selected to solve the optimization problem. The small-scale microgrid is considered for a remote area power supply in Taroa, a small settlement in La Guajira, Colombia. The microgrid is composed of photovoltaic modules, a wind generator, a diesel generator, a battery bank, and residential loads. To validate the solution, the elements of the microgrids are parameterized with information from commercial equipment. Moreover, the power dispatch obtained with the proposed solution is compared with a power dispatch generated by a heuristic algorithm, which has been previously used to dispatch power in a small-scale standalone microgrid. Results show that the cost of operating the microgrid is minimized using the proposed optimization approach: a reduction of the operating cost equal to 25.5% of the cost imposed by the heuristic algorithm is obtained.
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Bhati, S. S., and Aabha Parashar. "First Report and Morphological Description of Meloidogyne enterolobii Infecting Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Transitional Plain of Luni Basin of Rajasthan." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 2267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.282.

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Camargo, Pedro Luiz Teixeira, Paulo Pereira Martins Júnior, Marcílio Baltazar Teixeira, Fernando Antônio Madeira, Raphaella karla Portes Beserra, and Tiago Soares Barcelos. "Uso de SIGS para geração de mapas com a localização média da goiaba (Psidium guajava) na margem noroeste do município de São Francisco, bacia hidrográfica do rio São Francisco, MG." ForScience 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): e00846. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2021v9n1.e846.

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A gestão dos recursos naturais embasada no modelo do desenvolvimento sustentável é, sem dúvida, um dos maiores desafios de gestão ambiental. Para isso, técnicas de sensoriamento remoto têm sido cada vez mais usadas objetivando um melhor e maior auxílio à decisão. Na margem Noroeste (B) do município de São Francisco, Norte de Minas Gerais, localizado na bacia alto-média do rio São Francisco e onde o Cerrado natural sofreu intensa degradação no intervalo de 41 anos (1975-2016), realizou-se o presente estudo, objetivando, por meio da metodologia de sobreposição de imagens cartográficas, utilizando-se a ferramenta IDW do software Arcgis 10.2 gerar um mapa capaz de apresentar a média populacional da Goiaba (Psidium guajava) por ponto de coleta. Pode-se concluir, após a exitosa experiência metodológica aqui presente, que os seus exemplares arbóreos se localizam prioritariamente no extremo Sul da margem B, sendo interessante pensar como esta espécie, mesmo oriunda do Cerrado não se adaptou tão bem na área estudada. Uma hipótese para explicar isso se dá pelo fato de a semente da goiaba sofrer quebra de dormência, em geral, quando se tem flutuações abruptas de temperatura, algo não observado no local, com exceção das margens do rio São Francisco, exatamente o local onde se observa a presença dessa frutífera em maior quantidade. Recomendam-se mais estudos na região para verificação se a hipótese apresentada é de fato correta. Palavras-chave: Bacia do Rio São Francisco. Sensoriamento remoto. Métodos e técnicas de auxílio à decisão. Use of sigs for generation of maps with the goiaba (Psidium guajava) middle location in the northwest margin of the São Francisco Municipal, São Francisco water, MG Abstract Managing natural resources responsibly is undoubtedly one of the biggest environmental management challenges. Thus, remote sensing techniques have been increasingly used to better and better aid decision making. In the Northwest (B) portion of the municipality of São Francisco, North of Minas Gerais, located in the upper-middle São Francisco River basin and where the natural Cerrado suffered intense degradation in the 41year interval (1975-2016), we conducted the present study, aiming, through the methodology of overlapping cartographic images, using the IDW tool of Arcgis 10.2 software to generate a map capable of presenting the population average of Goiaba (Psidium guajava) by collection point. We can conclude, after the successful methodological experience present here, that its tree specimens are located primarily in the extreme south of margin B, it is interesting to think how this species, even coming from the Cerrado, did not adapt so well in the studied area. A good hypothesis to explain this is due to the fact that the guava seed suffers from dormancy, in general, when there are abrupt fluctuations in temperature, something not observed in the place, except for the banks of the São Francisco River, exactly the place where observes the presence of this fruit in greater quantity. Further studies in the region are recommended to verify whether the hypothesis presented is indeed correct. Keywords: São Francisco river basin. Remote sensing. Decision support methods and Ttechniques.
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Yang, Guochen, Zhongge (Cindy) Lu, and Carl E. Niedziela. "(227) Guava Callus Production In Vitro." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1024D—1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1024d.

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This research was initiated to study different culture media and plant growth regulators for their influences on callus initiation and production, with a research goal of developing an efficient in vitro callus regeneration protocol for guava (Psidium guajava L.). Guava is an important tropical fruit species that is rich in vitamins and vitamin precursors, minerals, organic acids, and pectins. Seventy-nine phytochemicals provide guava with many unique properties and actions, including anti-microbial, astringent, bactericidal, cicatrizant, emmenagogue, hypoglycemic, laxative, nutritive, and spasmolytic. Different concentrations of various plant growth regulators (PGR), such as 6-benzyladenine (BA), kinetin, or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were added to basic Murashige and Skoog (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) and tested for their influences. Differences in callus initiation and morphology were noticed between MS and WPM, and among PGR concentration treatments.
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Khairrunnisa, Jihan, Endang Siti Rahayu, and Agustono Agustono. "Farming Analysis and Marketing Strategy of Red Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Karanganyar District." Buletin Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Haluoleo 22, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/bpsosek.v22i2.14242.

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This study aimed to determine the feasibility of farming and identify internal and external factors in the marketing of red guava in Karanganyar District. The basic methods of this research are descriptive and analytical methods. The research location was chosen purposively in Karanganyar District, while the sampling of red guava farmers was done by using Snowball Sampling technique. The data analysis methods used are (1) Farming feasibility analysis by calculating NPV, IRR, Net B/C Ratio, and payback period, while (2) Marketing strategy was analyzed using IFE, EFE, Grand Strategy, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the total cost of producing red guava was IDR 390,525,560 per hectare with benefits obtained by farmers was IDR665,129,380 per hectare. The calculation results of the feasibility of red guava farming on NPV, IRR, Net B/C Ratio, and payback period were respectively IDR 66,717,379.00 per Ha, 22.88%, 1.50, and 6 years, indicating that red guava farming in Karanganyar District is worthy. Based on the results of Grand Strategy matrix analysis, it is known that the difference between the strength and weakness factors was 1.427 and the opportunity factor with the threat was 1.829, placing red guava in quadrant I. The resulting alternative strategies were in the SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategy.
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Castro, José Mauro da Cunha e., Juliana Martins Ribeiro, Pedro Martins Ribeiro Júnior, Eduardo José de Almeida, Alain Denis de Sousa, and Patrícia Gomes de Oliveira. "Reprodução do nematoide-das-galhas da goiabeira em acessos de Psidium." Comunicata Scientiae 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v8i1.2652.

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The guava decline, a complex disease caused by the interaction between Meloidogyne enterolobii and Fusarium solani, has caused damage to production and unviable guava producing areas in the Lower Basin of the São Francisco Valley. The management of this disease is difficult due to the facts that cultivated plants are susceptible to nematodes, nematicides have no effective control, and the use of fungicides to control Fusarium still has not been evaluated. However, some Psidium genotypes, such as the araçazeiros, show resistance to the nematodes, and therefore decline resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between genotypes of Psidium spp. and M. enterolobii to identify resistant plants. Three araçazeiro genotypes from the states of São Paulo and Paraná were artificially inoculated with M. enterolobii and compared with the species P. guajava cultivar Paluma, which is a commercial cultivar susceptible to root-knot nematode. All araçazeiro genotypes evaluated were resistant to the disease, with low reproduction factor (0.000 to 0.004) compared to cultivar Paluma (FR = 1,610). These results demonstrate that the araçazeiro genotypes have the potential to be used in the development of rootstocks resistant to guava decline.
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Melo, F. T. V., P. A. F. B. Costa, E. G. Giese, S. L. Gardner, and J. N. Santos. "A description ofNeoechinorhynchus(Neoechinorhynchus)veropesoin. sp. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from the intestine of the silver croaker fishPlagioscion squamosissimus(Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) off the east coast of Brazil." Journal of Helminthology 89, no. 1 (September 9, 2013): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x13000564.

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AbstractPlagioscion squamosissimus(Heckel, 1840) (Osteichthyes: Sciaenidae) is considered piscivorous and is a generalist species endemic to the Amazon region. This fish is an important part of the natural ecosystems in which it occurs and provides basic functional components in the food web. The genusNeoechinorhynchusStiles & Hassall, 1905 is distributed worldwide and parasitizes fish and turtles, but there are few reports of parasites of this genus in South America, due to the high diversity of fish that can be found in this region. A new species of thorny-headed worm (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described fromP. squamosissimusfrom Guajará Bay, Belém, Pará, Brazil. In general, the unique characteristics of the hooks on the anterior end of the proboscis and the length-to-width ratio relationship separate this new species from other described species in the genusNeoechinorhynchus. Although the species in this genus are mostly found in North America, the dearth of species known from the neotropics may be due to the lack of studies in this region.
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Gomes, Heyde Gonçalves, Silvia Keiko Kawakami, Satie Taniguchi, Pedro Walfir Souza Filho, and Rosalinda Carmela Montone. "Investigation of sewage contamination using steroid indexes in sediments of the Guajará Estuary (Amazon coast, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015097506304.

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Abstract Amazonian aquatic systems are usually associated with pristine waters, however, irregular urban occupation of the hydrographic basins and sewerage deficiencies may lead to point and diffuse contamination. Sewage contamination in intertidal surface sediments from the Guajará Estuary, Brazilian Amazon coast, was evaluated using a set of steroids as biomarkers. Sediments collected along the urbanized margin were also analyzed for chlorophyll a, total organic carbon and grain sizes. Coprostanol, the main fecal sterol, was found at concentrations varying from 0.06 to 7.93 µg g-1 dry sediment, following the sequence Tucunduba > Ver-o-Peso > Porto da Palha > Tamandaré > Icoaraci > Miramar. Mixed sources of organic matter and coastal process probably concurred to produce weak correlations among the parameters. Plant derived sterols, including n-C30 alcohol and β-amyrinyl alkanoates, were clearly abundant, but they did not preclude the use of other steroid signals to the assessment of sewage contamination. High values of the steroid indexes involving 5α and 5β stanols and stanones highlighted sewage contamination at the sites with the lowest absolute coprostanol concentrations. The predominance of 5β stanols indicated a chronically sewage contamination of the area.
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Rachmawati, Yuanita, and Romyun Alvy Khoiriyah. "Comparison of DNA Isolation Results with Simple Methods and Kits in Samples of Psidium guajava Leaves." Biotropic : The Journal of Tropical Biology 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/biotropic.2018.2.2.93-99.

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DNA isolation is one of a series of methods that must be carried out on the basic techniques of Molecular Biology Analysis. Especially PCR-based molecular marking techniques. Many ways are done in DNA isolation. This study discusses the comparison of the results of DNA isolation using two methods. Simple DNA isolation methods and using Kit. Samples of Psidium guajava leaves used were taken from 15 different locations used. In general, DNA isolation methods include three steps, namely destruction, precipitation, and purification. Simple DNA isolation is done with detergents, alcohol groups, which are commonly available in the laboratory. Methods of DNA isolation with KIT are carried out according to the Promega Universal Wizard KIT protocol. The comparison results are seen from spectrophotometric absorption Å230 nm, Å260 nm, Å280 nm, Å320 nm, ratio Å260/Å230, ratio Å260/Å280 to see DNA purity, protein concentration before purification step, and DNA concentration produced. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the results of DNA isolate spectrophotometry. However, the use of KIT with modified protocols is more recommended if researchers want to carry out DNA analysis more precisely and accurately. Keywords: DNA isolation, spectrophotometry, DNA concentration and purity
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Jaleel, Waqar, Xiaobing Tao, Desen Wang, Lihua Lu, and Yurong He. "Using Two-Sex Life Table Traits to Assess the Fruit Preference and Fitness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Journal of Economic Entomology 111, no. 6 (August 20, 2018): 2936–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy243.

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Abstract Bactrocera flies are economic pests of agricultural crops all over the world. Among Bactrocera flies, oriental fruit fly is an economically important pest of fruit crops in the world. Basic studies of Bactrocera flies are very important and helpful to the development of integrated management strategies. However, basic studies regarding behavior and age-stage, two-sex life table traits for this pest, which are vital for designing effective control methods, are currently lacking. Considering the importance of B. dorsalis, this study aimed to evaluate the fruit preference and age-stage, two-sex life table traits of B. dorsalis on guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), and banana (Musa acuminata) fruits in the laboratory. In choice and no-choice tests, the number of visits and oviposition punctures made by female B. dorsalis flies were significantly higher on guava than those on papaya and banana. The life cycle from eggs to male (146.95 ± 3.43 d) and female (164.94 ± 3.85 d) adults was significantly longer on papaya than those on banana and guava. Bactrocera dorsalis females produced significantly more eggs when fed on guava (623.30 eggs female−1) than on papaya (527.80 eggs female−1) or banana (399.60 eggs female−1). Guava was the more suitable fruit for B. dorsalis, and could be used as a bait fruit to manage the B. dorsalis during the fruiting season of papaya and banana.
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SILVA, JOÁLISSON GONÇALVES DA, CARLOS HENRIQUE DE BRITO, LAÉSIO PEREIRA MARTINS, ROBÉRIO DE OLIVEIRA, and LUCAS RODRIGUES GOMES. "APPLICATION OF BIODEGRADABLE FILMS IN GUAVA TO CONTROL FRUIT FLIES1." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n107rc.

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ABSTRACT Psidium guajava L. is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of biodegradable coating associated with different temperatures on the quality of 'Paluma' guava fruits infested by Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann on its control. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 3 × 6 × 6 factorial scheme with three replicates. The factors under study were three temperatures 10 ºC, 15 ºC, and 23 ºC (room temperature) with six treatments each: Control - WoO WoC (without oviposition and without coating); WiO WoC (with oviposition and without coating); WiO+CCFO (without oviposition and coating containing fennel oil); WiO+CCFO (with oviposition and coating containing fennel oil); WoO+CCBO (without oviposition and coating containing basil oil); WoO+CCBO (with oviposition and coating containing basil oil). The treatments were evaluated in six periods according to the factors already mentioned. Physical, physical-chemical, biochemical and subjective evaluations were performed. Data were submitted to analysis of variance based on the significance of the F test and, in order to test the effect of storage days, the results were submitted to regression analysis. The use of biodegradable coating associated with low temperatures minimizes the loss of mass and promotes less loss of fruit firmness. The presence of C. capitata larvae depreciates the physical-chemical quality of guava fruits, but the coating process associated with low temperatures is lethal to eggs and larvae of C. capitata, reducing damage in fruits infested.
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Neris, Julian Karla Diniz, and Josenilda Maria Maues da Silva. "Potências de uma escola ribeirinha paraense: vidas, fronteiras e um rio / Potency of a riverside school in Pará: lives, borders, and a river." Cadernos CIMEAC 9, no. 2 (October 22, 2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/cimeac.v9i2.2866.

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A presente escritura é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento, que problematiza o currículo de uma escola básica ribeirinha da Amazônia paraense a partir do pensamento da diferença do filósofo francês Gilles Deleuze. Os estudos teóricos acerca do currículo enquanto campo de conhecimento científico, as travessias pela Baía de Guajará e a investidura na escola como território de experimentação empírica mobilizaram a escrita desse artigo, que objetiva problematizar as potências de uma escola ribeirinha a partir da relação fronteiriça entre a escola, a Ilha do Combu e Belém do Pará. Desse modo, o estudo considera uma escola básica ribeirinha, como um território permeado por potências, por vida escolar e pelas vidas que nela circulam em sua força criadora e que, de modo peculiar, pulsam nessa ambiência que produz acontecimentos e multiplicidades. Nesse sentido, assume a cartografia como percurso metodológico, assumir tal caminho é como traçar um mapa móvel, no qual não cabe controlar as intensidades que o compõe, tampouco suas afetações intensivas e extensivas que dão vazão a dimensão rítmica do território no qual a vida escolar na Ilha do Combu pulsa. Problematizar potências de uma escola pela lente da cartografia implica operar com conceitos deleuzianos como território e multiplicidades, que no deslocamento conceitual que proponho realizar, contribuem para mobilizar o pensamento e colocar em questão o vitalismo que pulsa na escola e a faz território de resistências.Palavras-chave: Escola ribeirinha; Ilha do Combu; Educação básica. ABSTRACT: The present writing is part of an ongoing master's degree research, which problematizes the curriculum of a basic riverside school in the Amazon of Pará from the thought of the difference of the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze. The theoretical studies about the curriculum as a field of scientific knowledge, the crossing of the Bay of Guajará and the investiture in the school as territory of experimentation mobilized the writing of this article, which aims to problematize the powers of a riverside school from the border relationship between the school , the Island of Combu and Belém do Pará. In this way, the study thinks of a basic riverside school, as a territory permeated by potencies, for school life and for the lives that circulate in its creative force and that, in a peculiar way, pulsate in this environment that produces events and multiplicities. In this sense, assuming cartography as a methodological course, assuming such a path is like drawing a mobile map, in which it is not possible to control the intensities that compose it, nor its intensive and extensive affectations that give vent to the rhythmic dimension of the territory in which school life on the Island of Combu pulsates. To problematize a school's powers through the lens of cartography implies working with Deleuzian concepts as territory and multiplicities, which in the conceptual displacement that I propose to carry out, contribute to mobilize the thought and question the vitalism that strikes the school and makes it a territory of resistances.Keywords: Riverside school; Island of Combu; Elementary school.
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Robbins, J. L., X. Y. Li, and A. K. Yadav. "620 Testing Neem Leaf Extract to Control Contamination in Guava Tissue Culture." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 554D—554. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.554d.

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Shoot tip explants from field-grown guava (Psidium guajava L.) trees, which frequently show a high rate of contamination, were cultured on the MS medium with neem leaf (Azadirechta indica L.) extract in H2O. Ten grams of neem powder prepared from crushed dried leaves was made to 200 mL aqueous solution and was left on a laboratory bench for 24 h. The amber-color neem extract was filtered to separate and discard solid. The liquid was refrigerated until needed. To 950 mL basic medium in deionized H2O containing 25 mL macronutrients, 5 mL micronutrients, 5 mL vitamins, 5 mL EDTA + Fe, 2 mL BA, 30 g sucrose, and 7 g agar, 50 mL neem extract was added either before or after autoclaving. No neem extract was added to the control. Medium was adjusted to 5.7 pH. Unused medium was refrigerated. Shoot tips from actively growing young twigs of field-grown L-49 guava trees that showed variable contamination in previous studies were harvested during midmorning hours. Samples were washed in running water and disinfected with 15% Clorox solution with few drops of Tween-20 for 15 min. There were 20 explants in each treatment. Explants were subcultured a week later. None of the four test studies showed contamination-free cultures from field trees. There was no consistency due to autoclaving neem extract. The neem leaf extract did not show complete elimination of contamination, although it delayed it for few days. It was concluded that neem extract was not effective at concentrations used in getting rid of contamination. Therefore, further investigate effect of neem for this purpose higher concentrations need to be examined.
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John D. Pigott, Rita Rongiao Wang,. "Seismic Stratigraphy of the Guajira Basin Cuiza Platform, Offshore Colombia: ABSTRACT." AAPG Bulletin 78 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/8d2b0a1c-171e-11d7-8645000102c1865d.

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37

Orfila, Alejandro, Claudia P. Urbano-Latorre, Juan M. Sayol, Stephanie Gonzalez-Montes, Alejandro Caceres-Euse, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, and Ángel G. Muñoz. "On the Impact of the Caribbean Counter Current in the Guajira Upwelling System." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (February 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.626823.

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The variability of La Guajira upwelling system, in the south-central Caribbean Sea, is strongly influenced by the intensity and location of the atmospheric Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ), a near-surface branch of the easterlies, as well as by the regional ocean circulation. During favorable conditions (i.e., strong easterlies blowing almost parallel to the coast), upwelling is enhanced and a large amount of primary productivity occurs in La Guajira area. In contrast, during relatively mild wind conditions, the CLLJ is misaligned to the coast and the Caribbean Counter Current (CCC, locally also known as the Darien Current), which forms as a branch from the Panama-Colombia Gyre, flows northeastward over the continental shelf advecting waters from the southwestern Caribbean basin toward La Guajira. The CCC has a clear signature at the surface layer that extends from the Darien Gulf toward La Guajira peninsula during mild wind periods, while disappears during the months of strong winds. The direction and the magnitude of the easterlies, and more specifically of the CLLJ, control the position and pathway of the CCC, which extends more than 900 km in the southern Caribbean Sea during May, June, August, September, and October. The high concentration of chlorophyll-a at the sea surface evidenced by satellite-based color images is semi-seasonally modulated by the CLLJ, which during its relaxation phase allows the irruption of the CCC toward the east up to La Guajira.
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Burbano, Ary Mauricio. "Evaluation of basin and insulating materials in solar still prototype for solar distillation plant at Kamusuchiwo community, High Guajira." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, April 2014, 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj12.395.

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Azzahra, Annisa, Ratna Ratna, and Agus Arip Munawar. "Simulasi Penurunan Kadar Asam Askorbat Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava L.) Selama Penyimpanan Menggunakan Visual Basic 6.0." Jurnal Serambi Engineering 6, no. 2 (April 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/jse.v6i2.2956.

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Technological advances continue to develop rapidly and people need technology that is more efficient and faster in their work, including in the field of agriculture. Therefore, simulation is a suitable way to be implemented in the scope of modern society. This study aims to reduce the number of research and experimental trials in the laboratory because it takes a lot of time and money. This research refers to a simulation of decreasing levels of ascorbic acid in guava fruit during the storage period which is carried out by presenting data obtained from various sources, programming and simulation design using Visual Basic 6.0 and program testing. Guava fruit (Psidium guajava L) has vitamin C content about 183.5 mg / 100 grams of material. The test results of this program, within 10 days of storage at room temperature (25oC) the levels of Ascorbic Acid in Guava fruit decreased by 56.1% and decreased levels of Ascorbic Acid by 92.26%, from 183.5 mg / 100 gr to around 12, 84 mg / 100 gr guava fruit for 720 hours. Therefore, the results of this simulation program succeeded in approaching the real number of decreases in ascorbic acid levels tested in original observations.
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BERSAMIN, ABIGAIL T., JUDE L. TAYABEN, KRYSSA D. BALANGCOD, ASHLYN KIM D. BALANGCOD, AMELIA C. CENDANA, ELIZABETH T. DOM-OGEN, LANCE OLIVER C. LICNACHAN, BRENILYN SIADTO, FREDA M. WONG, and Teodora D. Balangcod. "Utilization of plant resources among the Kankanaeys in Kibungan, Benguet Province, Philippines." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220144.

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Abstract. Bersamin AT, Tayaben JL, Balangcod KD, Balangcod AKD, Cendana AC, Dom-Ogen ET, Licnachan LOC, Siadto B, Wong FM, Balangcod TD. 2021. Utilization of plant resources among the Kankanaeys in Kibungan, Benguet Province, Philippines. Asian J Ethnobiol 4: 362-372. The use of plant resources for human basic need dates back to ancient times. Plants have been man’s recourse for natural healing, food, and for cultural practices. This study aimed to document the rich flora of Kibungan, Benguet that the Kankanaey tribe utilizes. Interviews and focused group discussions were used to gather data and it was supplemented with ocular inspection of the locality. Results revealed that there were various uses of plants that could be categorized into medicinal, food, house construction, and others. The leaves of medicinal plants are more frequently used to treat wounds, diarrhea, cough, and skin inflammation. Decoctions for natural remedies include gipas (Sarcandra glabra), gawed (Piper betle), and kutsay (Allium odorum). Plant foods such as fruits, root crops, and vegetables are either cultivated or gathered from the forest. Specifically, plants collected from the wild included pinit (Rubus fraxinifolius), amti (Solanum nigrum), bayabas (Psidium guajava), gatgattang (Sonchus arvensis), galyang (Alocasia macrorrhizos), and pako (Diplazium esculentum), while kamote (Ipomea batatas) and corn (Zea mays) are cultivated. The pine tree (Pinus kesiya) is the main raw material for house construction. Interestingly, dengaw (Acorus calamus) is regarded as an amulet, which is believed to ward off evil spirits.
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Almeida, Camila Alexandre Cavalcante de, Fernanda da Silva Gonçalves, Matheus Barros Rodrigues, Jakeline Maria dos Santos, and Mariana Oliveira Breda. "FOOD PREFERENCE OF Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) ON NATIVE AND EXOTIC HOSTS." Revista Árvore 45 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820210000011.

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ABSTRACT One of the factors that may affect and limit the production in eucalypt plantations is the attack of defoliating insects. Among those, the brown eucalypt caterpillar, Thyrinteina arnobia (Stoll, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), stands out for being the major defoliating pest of Eucalyptus spp. in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the food consumption of T. arnobia, in its native host, guava (Psidium guajava L.), and in the different E. urograndis clones (VE 41, I 144, TP 361 and VCC 865). To assess T. arnobia food consumption, choice and non-choice tests were carried out using the native and the exotic host, alone or in combination. In non-choice tests, it was observed a higher consumption for the VE 41 clone and the native host (guava). The food consumption evaluation in choice tests indicated no food preference of T. arnobia between guava and E. urograndis clones, with the exception for the TP 361 clone, which was significantly less consumed than guava. In choice tests between the different E. urograndis clones, the clone I 144 presented a tendency towards lower food preference, being consumed only after 48 hours. In addition, the leaf consumption was similar between the VE 41, I1 14 e VCC 865 clones. In choice tests using the E. urograndis clones in pairs, the VE 41 clone was more consumed while the I 144 clone was less consumed when compared to the TP 361 clone. The obtained results provide basic information for the indication of eucalypt clones, and the understanding of the interaction and ecological relationships, assisting in the development of Forest Integrated Pest Management (Forest IPM) programs for the control of T. arnobia.
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