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Academic literature on the topic 'Guam. Legislature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Guam. Legislature"
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Faingold, Eduardo D. "Language rights in the United States island territory of Guam." Language Problems and Language Planning 42, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.00015.fai.
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Abstract This article examines the language legislation of the United States territory of Guam as stated in the Organic Act of Guam (1950) and its legal statutes. The article seeks to offer suggestions about how the quality of this language legislation might be improved. As in a few states in the United States (i.e., Hawaii, Louisiana, and New Mexico), Guam established linguistic laws with provisions that protect the language rights of Chamorro speakers, the native population of Guam, especially in the areas of education and language standardization. In spite of the impressive array of language laws enacted by Guam’s legislature to teach Chamorro language and culture in the schools for more than half a century, the use of English is increasing, while that of Chamorro continues to shrink in Guam, which may be due to a lack of buy-in by the indigenous Chamorro population with respect to the importance of expanding the use of this language for the purpose of maintaining a modern-day Chamorro identity.
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Statham, E. Robert. "Reformation of the Guam legislature: The politics of style over substance." Journal of Legislative Studies 3, no. 4 (December 1997): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572339708420532.
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Kalghatgi, Gautam, and Richard Stone. "Fuel requirements of spark ignition engines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016684741.
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This paper reviews the fundamental requirements of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for spark ignition engines, namely that the fuel should vaporise satisfactorily and burn in a controlled manner. The phenomenon of knock and the development of the octane scale are discussed. The variation in the pressure–time histories for different engines is discussed, together with the reason why this leads to different fuel requirements. The difference in the octane rating tests and the way in which engine downsizing exacerbates these differences in the pressure–time histories are discussed. The applicability of the research octane number and the motor octane number to modern engines is reviewed, together with the phenomena of low-speed pre-ignition and superknock. The effects of the hydrocarbon fuel distillation characteristics on the driveability and the emissions are reviewed and discussed with respect to the historical context and the current legislative requirements. Brief mention is made of other fuel requirements such as the density, the gum content and the aromatic content.
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Zelo, Ian, and Doug Helton. "REMOVAL OF GROUNDED, DERELICT OR ABANDONED VESSELS AS SITE RESTORATION1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-809.
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ABSTRACT Many agencies and organizations in the United States are implementing habitat restoration using a wide array of methods across a variety of habitats. These efforts are often motivated by legislative actions like the Oil Pollution Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, and the Clean Water Act but may also be implemented to meet the mission statements of particular agencies and organizations. While the goals and objectives of restoration efforts vary greatly and the range of potential restoration alternatives is large, these activities fall into three general categories; direct restoration, prevention and public education. The removal of derelict, abandoned and grounded vessels is a tool that can be used as an effective part of many habitat restoration projects. Removals, on their own or in conjunction with other actions, clearly can be used as part of direct restoration. Additionally, in almost every case a removal will also reduce or prevent the threat of future harm to natural, public, or private resources as well as public safety. The four case studies presented highlight the benefits of removal and hazards of failing to act. The Seagull (Guam) demonstrates how effective cooperation can successfully salvage a valuable vessel while protecting natural resources. The M/V Kimton (Puerto Rico) demonstrates that simply removing oil from a grounded vessel is not necessarily the best alternative. The F/V Mwaalil Saat (Saipan) is an example of what can happen if a vessel is identified as a threat but is not removed and the Tesoro Net Removal Project (Kauai, HI) is a valuable example of how the removal of debris unrelated to the primary incident can be a preferred restoration alternative.
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Anderson, D. M. W., J. R. A. Millar, and Wang Weiping. "Gum Arabic(Acacia senegal):Unambiguous identification by13C‐NMR spectroscopy as an adjunct to the revised jecfa specification, and the application of13C‐NMR spectra for regulatory/legislative purposes." Food Additives and Contaminants 8, no. 4 (July 1991): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039109373991.
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Irhin, Igor' V. "Constitutional-legal status of unincorporated territories of the United States." Pravovedenie 62, no. 3 (2018): 484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2018.304.
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This article is dedicated to constitutional-legal status of unincorporated organized and unorganized territories of the United States. In the light of the provisions constitutional-legal status of the unorganized territory of Samoa illustrates the absence of clear demarcation lines between the institutional forms of organized and unorganized territories. Also drawn attention to the fact that unincorporated territories are in a unique legal position — they belong to the United States, but they are not part of this state. Indicates the methods used to integrate the unincorporated territories into the United States. It is indicated that the generalizing features of the constitutional-legal status of the unincorporated territories of the United States are the fragmentary application to them of the provisions of the national Constitution and the limited scope and resources for participation in shaping and implementing decisions made at the national level. Attention is focused on a discriminatory approach on the part of the United States with respect to the political rights of citizens living in unincorporated territories. The point is that the population of these territories is not entitled to participate in the election of Congress and the President of the United States and only some territories (USA Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico) delegate their representatives to the House of Representatives. In the conclusion is formulated that such an approach does not comply with international legal standards of human rights, including those signed by the United States Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966. It is emphasized that the scope of competence of some unincorporated territories may be broader than that of the states. Also within the framework of this article, the constitutional legal parameters of legislative, executive and judicial authorities of the unincorporated territories of the United States are considered. Attention is focused on the role and importance of federal authorities in determining and modifying the constitutional-legal status of unincorporated territories. It was concluded that diversified models of unincorporated organized and unorganized territories are peculiar indicators of the complex asymmetric structure of the USA.
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Творогова, Антонина, Antonina Tvorogova, Татьяна Шобанова, Tatyana Shobanova, Анна Ландиховская, Anna Landikhovskaya, Румия Закирова, and Rumiya Zakirova. "Milk ice cream composition and structure improvement." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-2-109-116.
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The work reveals the results of the study devoted to milk ice cream composition improvement in order to meet the requirements for healthy foods (with satisfactory nutritional value) to the fullest extent and to obtain creamy consistency as well as high dispersity of structural elements typical for products with high mass fractions of fat and dry substances. The significance of the research is determined by the worldwide trend in the production of healthy foods which is developed in our country by a number of legislative documents. The purpose of the research was to develop on the basis of the composition a milk ice cream product with low energy value and high organoleptic parameters including the state of its structure. Within the framework of the given research the author used such modern research methods as rheological, microstructural and thermostating ones as well as photographic survey method. The author justified analytically and experimentally the use of such food additive as polydextrose having low energy value. It increases the feeling that food product has high fat content and it does not have any negative effect on ice cream production process. The possibility of improving the product structure using synergistic compositions such as emulsifiers based on distilled monoglycerides and polyglycerol and fatty acids esters as well as stabilizers containing mainly locust bean gum which promotes the formation of small ice crystals was confirmed experimentally. The mentioned compositions of emulsifiers and stabilizers when used with polydextrose made it possible to achieve technologically significant results in milk ice cream production. They increased the effective viscosity of the mixtures, provided high form and thermal stability, and made it possible to get high dispersion of ice crystals. The accepted technological solutions had positive effect on the consistency and structure of milk ice cream with improved composition.
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Crête, Raymonde. "L'enquête publique et les critères de contrôle judiciaire des fonctions exercées par les enquêteurs." Les Cahiers de droit 19, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 643–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042260ar.
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The public inquiry has long been used to gather information of concern to the State in order that the best decisions may be made according to the information thereby obtained. The Quebec legislator has, therefore, foreseen the need for different laws or particular provisions that would enable the government to make use of this procedure. Among these we find the laws governing commissions of inquiry, police, municipal commissions, coroners and arson investigations. The public often follows closely the proceedings of such inquiries, which, consequently, become a means of informing, educating, and establishing a dialogue with, the public. However, certain public inquiries, such as the Quebec Commission of Inquiry on Organized Crime, the commission of inquiry on freedom of unionization and the Keable Commission, run the risk of affecting the rights of citizens, namely those summoned to appear during such hearings as well as those whose names appear in the testimony given. Hence, some individuals may see their reputations tarnished because of facts brought to light during the inquiry, lose their jobs as a result of commission recommendations or many later have to face either civil or criminal prosecution. It is, therefore, important that such persons be given access to the courts, in order to either challenge the jurisdiction of the commission or demand that the inquiry respect the rules of natural justice. In this area, judicial review depends on the characterization of the method of operation of the public inquiry as a whole, i.e. as the exercise by the commissioners of a recommendatory power, or of interlocutory decisions taken during the course of the inquiry. Depending on the judicial or administrative nature of the activity concerned, the courts will decide whether or not to exercise their superintending and reforming powers. Thus, the courts will intervene only if the function exercised is of a judicial nature. In this regard, the courts deem that an administrative body exercises a judicial function, on the one hand when it determines the rights of individuals and, on the other, when such a body has a duty to act judicially. Apart from some rare exceptions, the courts have ruled that the exercise of the power of inquiry generally does not trench on the rights of citizens and that such a power is therefore administrative in nature. At present, the issue as to whether the inquiry determines the rights of individuals is considered by the courts in the light of either one of two theories, which can be labelled the binary and global theories. Supporters of the binary theory feel that the inquiry and the decisions which may proceed therefrom represent two quite distinct stages and the interference with the rights of individuals can only occur when a decision is made. We find an illustration of this reasoning in, among others cases, Guay v. Lafleur and St-John v. Fraser. Proponents of the second theory are agreed that the decision is an integral part of the inquiry process and that interference with rights occurs at the inquiry level itself. This argument is exemplified adequately by the judgement in Saulnier v. Quebec Police Commission. This paper also examines the characterization of interlocutory decisions made by a commission in the course of its proceedings. In this respect, the courts feel that coercive powers are of a judicial nature, while decisions concerning the administration of evidence are seen as administrative. A study of the abundant jurisprudence in this area leads us to conclude that the Quebec legislator should provide for a specific recourse, similar to that existing presently in Ontario, which would allow citizens access to the courts to challenge decisions made by commissions of inquiry.
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Ivanov, S. M. "Appeals against decisions, actions or inactivity of authorities regarding the provision of pub- lic services in the field of migration and citizenship in court." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 64 (August 14, 2021): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.64.41.
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The scientific article is devoted to the coverage of the court procedure for appealing against decisions, actions or omissions of public administration entities regarding the provision of public services in the field of migration and citizenship. It has been established that an administrative appeal, despite the optionality, is an important step in the provision of public services in the field of migration and citizenship. On the one hand, the appeal is intended to identify and eliminate shortcomings in the practical procedural activities of public authorities in the field of migration; on the other hand, contributes to the improvement of the procedural model of resolving individual cases in the research area, identifying its defects and weaknesses.Emphasis is placed, the legislative consolidation of the possibility of appeal in court and administratively re-quires two forms of appeal - administrative-procedural and administrative-procedural, which together create a guar-antee tool to protect the rights of individuals to citizenship and freedom of movement and free choice of residence.It is established that the presence in the Register of the subject of the claim and the requirements of the plaintiffs - №№ 820/4847/17, 815/2412/14, 820/4393/17, 495/8188/16-a, etc. - allows us to consider the analyzed case as a typical example. Again, based on the results of the case study, it can be concluded that in the activities of LCA units it is common to make administrative decisions on the basis of discretion, rather than legal requirements; Violations committed by public authorities in administrative and procedural activities turn into a threat of loss of legal status and rights for individuals from whom no violations have been committed. This situation cannot be considered an effective example of law enforcement in the field of administrative and procedural support in the field of migration.Given the importance of protecting the rights and freedoms of individuals as a party to public relations in the study area, the possibility of appealing against decisions, actions or omissions of public authorities in this area should be recognized as an important guarantee of preservation and restoration of individual rights. In these exam-ples, the judiciary has performed this protective function; to strengthen this trend, it would be rational to use the tool of an exemplary administrative case, which has become one of the most anticipated novelties in the reform of administrative justice. According to Part 22 of Art. 4 CAS of Ukraine an exemplary case is a typical administrative case accepted for proceedings by the Supreme Court as a court of first instance to issue a model decision; in other words, with the help of an exemplary case, an effective procedural mechanism of consideration of cases similar in scope and specifics of legal relations in which the conflict arose, composition of the parties and legal norms by which they are regulated, following the example of the Supreme Court decision in one such case, that is, in an exemplary case.
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Halus, Olena. "To the Issue of Determining the Limits of Municipal Legal Regulation." University Scientific Notes, July 18, 2019, 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37491/unz.69-70.3.
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The article notes the lack of a unifed approach to understanding the limits of legal regulation in general, and the limits of municipal-legal regulation in particular. Public relations related to the implementation of local self-government are regulated both at the level of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, as well as municipal-legal acts. At the constitutional and legislative levels, only the basic principles and guar- antees of local self-government should be determined. The limits of municipal-law regulation should be considered in two respects: frstly, in terms of the relation bet- ween different levels of legal regulation of the sphere of local self-government; and secondly, in terms of the volume of municipal-legal regulation of the relevant sphere of social relations. In terms of public relations, which are subject to municipal regu- lation, it is expedient to allocate normative and individual municipal-legal regula- tion. The limits of individual municipal-legal regulation coincide with the limits of normative municipal-legal regulation. It is worthwhile to distinguish between legal regulation of local self-government and the limits of municipal-legal regulation. The legal regulation of local self-government is multilevel, includes constitutional, le- gislative and sub-legislative regulation. Municipal-legal regulation can be attributed to sub-legislative regulation. At the legislative level, the hierarchy of subordinate normative legal acts has not been defned in the event that they regulate the same social relations. Therefore, in the opinion of the author, in the aspect of the relation- ship of different levels of legal regulation of the sphere of local self-government, the limits of municipal-legal regulation are stipulated by its subordinate nature and are determined by the requirement not to contradict the Constitution and laws of Ukraine. Regarding the exercise of delegated powers by regional and district coun- cils, the limits of their municipal-legal regulation are defned in the relevant act on the delegation of authority (contract on the delegation of authority). From the point of view of the volume of municipal-legal regulation of the relevant sphere of public relations, the Constitution of Ukraine defnes the limits of municipal-legal regula- tion in Article 140, namely, the independent resolution of issues of local importance within the territorial community within the limits of the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.
Books on the topic "Guam. Legislature"
1
Legislature, Guam. Liheslaturan Guahan =: Guam Legislature : past to present : 1st to the 28th Guam Legislature (1951 to 2005). Guam: [Guam Legislature], 2005.
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Legislature, Guam. Standing rules: Twenty-second Guam Legislature. [Agana, Guam: The Legislature, 1993.
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United States. Dept. of the Interior. Office of Inspector General. Audit report: Followup of recommendations concerning personnel and payroll practices, legislative branch, Government of Guam (No. 97-I-1051). Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Office of Inspector General, 1997.
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Legislature, Guam. Twenty-third Guam Legislature standing rules: Procedure for conducting legislative business. [Guam: The Legislature, 1995.
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Guam. Office of the Public Auditor. Management audit of the Guam Election Commission: A report to the Governor, the Judiciary and the Legislature of the Government of Guam. [Barrigada, Guam]: Public Auditor, Govt. of Guam, 1995.
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Ge guo li fa ji guan wei yuan hui zhi du bi jiao yan jiu. Jinan: Shandong ren min chu ban she, 2005.
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Lun Meiguo zui gao fa yuan cai jue guo hui li fa fo jue wei xian--jian lun dui Meiguo zhi xing Taiwan guan xi fa jun shou wo guo zhi ying xiang. Taibei Shi: Jing sheng wen wu gong ying gong si, 1985.
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Guo wu yuan guan yu fei zhi he xiu gai bu fen xing zheng fa gui de jue ding fa gui zhuan ji. Beijing: Zhongguo fa zhi chu ban she, 2011.
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