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Academic literature on the topic 'GUAM QUESTION'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "GUAM QUESTION"

1

Masci, F. "On the multi-fractal characteristics of the ULF geomagnetic field before the 1993 Guam earthquake." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-187-2013.

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Abstract. Ida et al. (2005) document significant changes in the multi-fractal parameters of the ULF geomagnetic field H component starting about one month before the 1993 Guam earthquake. According to the authors, these multi-fractal signatures can be considered as precursory signals of the Guam earthquake. As a consequence, they conclude that the multi-fractal analysis may have an important role in the development of short-term earthquake prediction capabilities. Since this and other similar reports have motivated the idea that earthquake prediction based on electromagnetic precursory signals may one day become a routine technique, the presumed precursors need to be validated through independent datasets. In this review the seismogenic origin of the multi-fractal magnetic signatures documented by Ida et al. (2005) before the 8 August 1993 Guam earthquake is seriously put into question. By means of the geomagnetic ΣKp index, it is demonstrated that these multi-fractal parameter changes are normal signals induced by the variation of the global geomagnetic activity level.
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Wandrag, Elizabeth M., Amy E. Dunham, Richard P. Duncan, and Haldre S. Rogers. "Seed dispersal increases local species richness and reduces spatial turnover of tropical tree seedlings." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 40 (August 28, 2017): 10689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709584114.

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Dispersal is thought to be a key process underlying the high spatial diversity of tropical forests. Just how important dispersal is in structuring plant communities is nevertheless an open question because it is very difficult to isolate dispersal from other processes, and thereby measure its effect. Using a unique situation, the loss of vertebrate seed dispersers on the island of Guam and their presence on the neighboring islands of Saipan and Rota, we quantify the contribution of vertebrate seed dispersal to spatial patterns of diversity of tree seedlings in treefall gaps. The presence of vertebrate seed dispersers approximately doubled seedling species richness within canopy gaps and halved species turnover among gaps. Our study demonstrates that dispersal plays a key role in maintaining local and regional patterns of diversity, and highlights the potential for ongoing declines in vertebrate seed dispersers to profoundly alter tropical forest composition.
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Barriga, Maria Cynthia B. "Reorienting Japanese Studies with Views from the Nan’yō." New Voices in Japanese Studies 13 (September 2021): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.13.d-01.

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This paper describes how Japanese studies can expand its relevance, approached from my perspective as a Philippine postcolonial historian. In the course of my research on the Japanese locals of Davao and Guam, Japanese studies has been essential. Japanese imperial history has provided me with a regional perspective that transcends the limits of Philippine national historiography and has given me access to source materials about the localities under study. As I became invested in Japanese studies, I realised that Philippine historiography has much to contribute back. A Philippine perspective can question the limits of the concept of who is Japanese, particularly in the case of Filipino-Japanese and CHamoru-Japanese mestizos. Moreover, Japanese historiography, which is still in many cases limited to the archives, may source alternative approaches or methodologies from its Philippine postcolonial counterpart, which has for decades been experimenting with methods of writing more inclusive national histories. More broadly, by conversing with specialists of areas with which Japan has been historically connected, I suggest that Japan scholars can not only extend Japanese studies’ relevance beyond its own field but also infuse it with new ideas and approaches.
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Kruchina-Bogdanov, I. V., E. V. Miroshnichenko, R. A. Shaukharov, E. N. Kantemirova, M. A. Golovina, K. M. Abdullaev, A. V. Balashov, E. V. Rusinova, P. G. Rusinov, and E. K. Potokina. "Impact of growing conditions on the gum properties of different genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 23, no. 7 (November 24, 2019): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj19.570.

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Galactomannan (gum), a water-soluble polysaccharide, is widely used as a gelling agent in liquids, including in the oil and gas industry for hydraulic fracturing. The most effective source of this valuable plant material is seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a legume crop new for Russia. Although in recent years progress has been made in the selection of guar varieties adapted to the conditions of the Russian Federation, the question of the most appropriate region for the cultivation of this crop remains open. The purpose of the study was to investigate how a region and technology of guar cultivation can affect the main indicators of the final target product: the content and viscosity of guar gum extracted from the seeds of various guar genotypes. To understand this, ecogeographical tests of 13 guar accessions from the VIR collection were conducted at the experimental stations of the Vavilov Institute (VIR), where climatic conditions correspond to the temperature requirements of the crop. To compare the properties of gum extracted from the seeds of various genotypes, a fast-tracked laboratory method was suggested allowing gum extracts to be obtained for assessing their viscosity. The method allows fast screening of the breeding material and selecting guar genotypes with beneficial properties of guar gum which are in demand by the oil industry. Applying the fast laboratory method for assessing the properties of gum in seeds of 13 guar varieties showed that the content and viscosity of gum of the same variety vary greatly depending on growing conditions. The same set of 13 guar accessions was grown in 2018 at the Volgograd, Astrakhan, Dagestan and Kuban VIR experimental stations. As a result, the maximum viscosity values were obtained for the seeds reproduced at the Astrakhan region, where the guar was grown on irrigated lands. On the other hand, the maximum gum content in the seeds of all accessions was recorded when they were grown in the Volgograd region. The results showed that the guar gum extracted from seeds of guar plants grown in the Russian Federation can be used as a gelling agent in the processes of intensification of oil production by the method of hydraulic fracturing. This experience is new to the Russian Federation.
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RA, Dunlop, Banack SA, Bishop SL, Metcalf JS, Murch SJ, Davis DA, Stommel EW, et al. "Is Exposure to BMAA a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Response to a Critical Review of the BMAA Hypothesis." Neurotoxicity Research 39, no. 1 (February 2021): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00302-0.

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AbstractIn a literature survey, Chernoff et al. (2017) dismissed the hypothesis that chronic exposure to β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) may be a risk factor for progressive neurodegenerative disease. They question the growing scientific literature that suggests the following: (1) BMAA exposure causes ALS/PDC among the indigenous Chamorro people of Guam; (2) Guamanian ALS/PDC shares clinical and neuropathological features with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and ALS; (3) one possible mechanism for protein misfolds is misincorporation of BMAA into proteins as a substitute for L-serine; and (4) chronic exposure to BMAA through diet or environmental exposures to cyanobacterial blooms can cause neurodegenerative disease. We here identify multiple errors in their critique including the following: (1) their review selectively cites the published literature; (2) the authors reported favorably on HILIC methods of BMAA detection while the literature shows significant matrix effects and peak coelution in HILIC that may prevent detection and quantification of BMAA in cyanobacteria; (3) the authors build alternative arguments to the BMAA hypothesis, rather than explain the published literature which, to date, has been unable to refute the BMAA hypothesis; and (4) the authors erroneously attribute methods to incorrect studies, indicative of a failure to carefully consider all relevant publications. The lack of attention to BMAA research begins with the review’s title which incorrectly refers to BMAA as a “non-essential” amino acid. Research regarding chronic exposure to BMAA as a cause of human neurodegenerative diseases is emerging and requires additional resources, validation, and research. Here, we propose strategies for improvement in the execution and reporting of analytical methods and the need for additional and well-executed inter-lab comparisons for BMAA quantitation. We emphasize the need for optimization and validation of analytical methods to ensure that they are fit-for-purpose. Although there remain gaps in the literature, an increasingly large body of data from multiple independent labs using orthogonal methods provides increasing evidence that chronic exposure to BMAA may be a risk factor for neurological illness.
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Peterson, Candida C. "Grandfathers' and Grandmothers' Satisfaction with the Grandparenting Role: Seeking New Answers to Old Questions." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 49, no. 1 (July 1999): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gudm-6ce3-17wf-7n96.

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Newton, Richard, Geraint Vaughan, Eric Hintsa, Michal T. Filus, Laura L. Pan, Shawn Honomichl, Elliot Atlas, Stephen J. Andrews, and Lucy J. Carpenter. "Observations of ozone-poor air in the tropical tropopause layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 7 (April 17, 2018): 5157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5157-2018.

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Abstract. Ozonesondes reaching the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the west Pacific have occasionally measured layers of very low ozone concentrations – less than 15 ppbv – raising the question of how prevalent such layers are and how they are formed. In this paper, we examine aircraft measurements from the Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX), the Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) and the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment campaigns based in Guam in January–March 2014 for evidence of very low ozone concentrations and their relation to deep convection. The study builds on results from the ozonesonde campaign conducted from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, as part of CAST, where ozone concentrations as low as 12 ppbv were observed between 100 and 150 hPa downwind of a deep convective complex. TTL measurements from the Global Hawk unmanned aircraft show a marked contrast between the hemispheres, with mean ozone concentrations in profiles in the Southern Hemisphere between 100 and 150 hPa of between 10.7 and 15.2 ppbv. By contrast, the mean ozone concentrations in profiles in the Northern Hemisphere were always above 15.4 ppbv and normally above 20 ppbv at these altitudes. The CAST and CONTRAST aircraft sampled the atmosphere between the surface and 120 hPa, finding very low ozone concentrations only between the surface and 700 hPa; mixing ratios as low as 7 ppbv were regularly measured in the boundary layer, whereas in the free troposphere above 200 hPa concentrations were generally well in excess of 15 ppbv. These results are consistent with uplift of almost-unmixed boundary-layer air to the TTL in deep convection. An interhemispheric difference was found in the TTL ozone concentrations, with values < 15 ppbv measured extensively in the Southern Hemisphere but seldom in the Northern Hemisphere. This is consistent with a similar contrast in the low-level ozone between the two hemispheres found by previous measurement campaigns. Further evidence of a boundary-layer origin for the uplifted air is provided by the anticorrelation between ozone and halogenated hydrocarbons of marine origin observed by the three aircraft.
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8

Vieira, Sonia. "Research on Chewing Gum: Questions of Ethics." Open Journal of Philosophy 07, no. 03 (2017): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2017.73016.

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9

Meyrick, Jane, A. G. Lawrence, S. E. Barton, and F. C. Boag. "To test or not to test, could you repeat the question?" International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971918742.

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We aimed to investigate clinical practice in the offering of HIV tests and subsequent uptake in a central London genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. A random sample (n=330) of attenders at 3 inner-London GUM departments was surveyed. Reasons for and rates of offering of HIV tests were recorded and analysed in relation to demographic, risk group information and uptake. The results were integrated with the latest unlinked, anonymous seroprevalence data for the clinic. After exclusion of patients known to be HIV-positive or to have recently undergone HIV testing, HIV tests were offered to 96% of homo/bisexual men, 55% of heterosexual men and 60% of heterosexual women. Comparison with anonymous HIV seroprevalence data showed an inverse relationship between seroprevalence rates for heterosexual men/women (2.5% vs 1%) and rates of HIV test offering. A lack of research into the policy of offering HIV tests may have resulted in inconsistencies in practice. An evidence based policy should offer HIV tests in line with seroprevalence.
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10

Woodward, Valerie Solar. ""I Guess They Didn't Want Us Asking Too Many Questions": Reading American Empire in Guam." Contemporary Pacific 25, no. 1 (2013): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2013.0010.

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Books on the topic "GUAM QUESTION"

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Shao, Zonghai. 2013 nian duo yuan jiao du guan cha liang an guan xi zou xiang. Taibei Shi: Zhongguo wen hua da xue she hui ke xue yuan liang an yu Zhongguo da lu yan jiu zhong xin, 2013.

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Tong pai guan dian. Taibei Shi: Hai xia xue shu chu ban she, 1997.

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Liang an guan xi xin lun. Gaoxiong Shi: Li wen wen hua shi ye, 2012.

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Liang an guan xi. Taibei Shi: Li fa yuan guo hui tu shu guan, 2001.

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Liang an guan xi lun ji. Taibei Shi: Hai xia chu ban she, 1997.

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Nianzu, Li, ed. Shi jian liang an guan xi. Taipei Shi: Zheng zhong shu ju, 1994.

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Nan Bei Han de guan xi yu tong yi. Taibei Shi: Taiwan shang wu yin shu guan, 2004.

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Liang an guan xi yu Zhongguo qian tu. Xianggang: Zhongguo ping lun wen hua you xian gong si, 2002.

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Zhang, Baoqiang. Hai xia liang an guan xi tan wei. Sishui: Sishui Qun dao wen hua she chu ban, 2004.

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Leng, Xi, ed. Hao qi guai de chong. Hangzhou: Zhejiang shao nian er tong chu ban she, 2003.

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Conference papers on the topic "GUAM QUESTION"

1

Nakatsuji, Makoto, and Sohei Okui. "Answer Generation through Unified Memories over Multiple Passages." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/529.

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Machine reading comprehension methods that gen- erate answers by referring to multiple passages for a question have gained much attention in AI and NLP communities. The current methods, however, do not investigate the relationships among multi- ple passages in the answer generation process, even though topics correlated among the passages may be answer candidates. Our method, called neural answer Generation through Unified Memories over Multiple Passages (GUM-MP), solves this problem as follows. First, it determines which tokens in the passages are matched to the question. In particular, it investigates matches between tokens in positive passages, which are assigned to the question, and those in negative passages, which are not related to the question. Next, it determines which tokens in the passage are matched to other passages assigned to the same question and at the same time it investi- gates the topics in which they are matched. Finally, it encodes the token sequences with the above two matching results into unified memories in the pas- sage encoders and learns the answer sequence by using an encoder-decoder with a multiple-pointer- generator mechanism. As a result, GUM-MP can generate answers by pointing to important tokens present across passages. Evaluations indicate that GUM-MP generates much more accurate results than the current models do.
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Emery, A. F., and T. Vosk. "Errors and Uncertainties: What Hath the GUM Wrought?" In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64825.

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Traditional error analysis to estimate the uncertainties in experimental measurements and predictions has given way during the last two decades to uncertainty analysis. The current methodology is described in the GUM (Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) issued by ISO. The reasoning behind the change was the recognition that one could never know the true value of a measurement and thus the error could not be determined. As promulgated, the uncertainties are represented in statistical terms based upon sampling (classical statistics) and upon subjective reasoning (Bayesian). The approach combines these uncertainties in the usual error analysis approach of summing the variances (now labeled the ‘Law of Propagation of Uncertainties’) and then using the student-t distribution to attach some meaning to the result. The correct procedure is to apply the Bayesian approach throughout, but many investigators have heard only that Bayesian inference is computationally expensive and question the idea of subjective probability and resort to using the Law of Propagation of Uncertainties. This short note treats the common problem of the uncertainty of a measurement using a calibrated device. It compares the two methods, reminding the reader of what the GUM calls for and assumes, and showing that with our current computing power there is no good reason to avoid Bayesian inference to provide more exact and informative understandings of measurement uncertainties.
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Coquet, Pascal. "La derive dans l’évaluation de l’incertitude." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201912003.

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Taking into account the instrumental drift in the uncertainty of measurement does not benefit at this time from a provided bibliography. Although an abundant literature (standards, articles, samples collections, etc.) dealing with the estimation of uncertainty by the GUM method exists, the question of the drift component is often avoided or inaccurate, usually limited to a point-to-point deviation divided by 2√3, which is based on an erroneous hypothesis and clearly confines to being immobile. The choice of a rectangular probability law supposes that the greatest variation observed is necessarily the greatest observable variation; in other words, during the observed history (sometimes reduced to two calibration certificates), we noted the maximum drift of which the instrument could be the object. If the method is effectively statistically questionable, it becomes completely useless as soon as a modification takes place; especially when the periodicity optimization (variable calibration frequency) is used or when the points are changed from one calibration to another, in number or level. We propose here an alternative method which intends to correct these defects and is at once compatible with the principles of the GUM and easily automatable.
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Vollmann, Ralf, and Wooi Soon Tek. "Migration, Language, Identity: The Journey of Meixian Hakkas from Calcutta to Vienna." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.4-3.

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Hakkas from Meizhou who migrated to Calcutta established suc¬cessful businesses, and then, in the 1970s to the 1990s, moved on to settle in Vienna (and Toronto). Prac¬ticing a closed-group life both in Vienna and across continents, the Hakkas preserved their lan¬gua¬ge and culture while adapting both to India and Austria in various ways. In a series of open interviews with Vienna-based Hakkas, questions of identity and the preservation of a minority culture are raised. In dependence to age, the consultants have very different personal identities behind a shared social identity of being ‘Indian Hak¬ka¬s,’ which is, however, mostly borne out of practical considerations of mutual support and certain cultural practices. As mi¬grants, they can profit from close friendship and loyalty between group members, sharing the same pro¬fes¬sions, marrying inside the group, and speaking their own language. Questions of identity are most¬ly relevant for the younger generation which has to deal with a confusingly layered familial iden¬tity.
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Ferrero, Alessandro, Simona Salicone, and Harsha Vardhana Jetti. "Bayesian approach to uncertainty evaluation: is it always working?" In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201916002.

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Since the GUM has been published, measurement uncertainty has been defined in terms of the standard deviation of the probability distribution of the values that can be reasonably attributed to the measurand, and it has been evaluated using statistical or probabilistic methods. A debate has always been alive, among the metrologists, on whether a frequentist approach or a Bayesian approach should be followed to evaluate uncertainty. The Bayesian approach, based on some available a-priori knowledge about the measurand seems to prevail, nowadays. This paper starts from the consideration that the Bayesian approach is based on the well-known Bayes theorem that, as all mathematical theorems, is valid only to the extent the assumptions made to prove it are valid. The main question, when following the Bayesian approach, is hence whether these assumptions are satisfied in the practical cases, especially when the a-priori information is combined with the information coming from the measurement data to refine uncertainty evaluation. This paper will take into account some case studies to analyze when the Bayesian approach can be usefully and reliably employed by discussing the amount and pertinence of the available a-priori knowledge.
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