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1
Masci, F. "On the multi-fractal characteristics of the ULF geomagnetic field before the 1993 Guam earthquake." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-187-2013.
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Abstract. Ida et al. (2005) document significant changes in the multi-fractal parameters of the ULF geomagnetic field H component starting about one month before the 1993 Guam earthquake. According to the authors, these multi-fractal signatures can be considered as precursory signals of the Guam earthquake. As a consequence, they conclude that the multi-fractal analysis may have an important role in the development of short-term earthquake prediction capabilities. Since this and other similar reports have motivated the idea that earthquake prediction based on electromagnetic precursory signals may one day become a routine technique, the presumed precursors need to be validated through independent datasets. In this review the seismogenic origin of the multi-fractal magnetic signatures documented by Ida et al. (2005) before the 8 August 1993 Guam earthquake is seriously put into question. By means of the geomagnetic ΣKp index, it is demonstrated that these multi-fractal parameter changes are normal signals induced by the variation of the global geomagnetic activity level.
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Wandrag, Elizabeth M., Amy E. Dunham, Richard P. Duncan, and Haldre S. Rogers. "Seed dispersal increases local species richness and reduces spatial turnover of tropical tree seedlings." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 40 (August 28, 2017): 10689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1709584114.
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Dispersal is thought to be a key process underlying the high spatial diversity of tropical forests. Just how important dispersal is in structuring plant communities is nevertheless an open question because it is very difficult to isolate dispersal from other processes, and thereby measure its effect. Using a unique situation, the loss of vertebrate seed dispersers on the island of Guam and their presence on the neighboring islands of Saipan and Rota, we quantify the contribution of vertebrate seed dispersal to spatial patterns of diversity of tree seedlings in treefall gaps. The presence of vertebrate seed dispersers approximately doubled seedling species richness within canopy gaps and halved species turnover among gaps. Our study demonstrates that dispersal plays a key role in maintaining local and regional patterns of diversity, and highlights the potential for ongoing declines in vertebrate seed dispersers to profoundly alter tropical forest composition.
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Barriga, Maria Cynthia B. "Reorienting Japanese Studies with Views from the Nan’yō." New Voices in Japanese Studies 13 (September 2021): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.13.d-01.
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This paper describes how Japanese studies can expand its relevance, approached from my perspective as a Philippine postcolonial historian. In the course of my research on the Japanese locals of Davao and Guam, Japanese studies has been essential. Japanese imperial history has provided me with a regional perspective that transcends the limits of Philippine national historiography and has given me access to source materials about the localities under study. As I became invested in Japanese studies, I realised that Philippine historiography has much to contribute back. A Philippine perspective can question the limits of the concept of who is Japanese, particularly in the case of Filipino-Japanese and CHamoru-Japanese mestizos. Moreover, Japanese historiography, which is still in many cases limited to the archives, may source alternative approaches or methodologies from its Philippine postcolonial counterpart, which has for decades been experimenting with methods of writing more inclusive national histories. More broadly, by conversing with specialists of areas with which Japan has been historically connected, I suggest that Japan scholars can not only extend Japanese studies’ relevance beyond its own field but also infuse it with new ideas and approaches.
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Kruchina-Bogdanov, I. V., E. V. Miroshnichenko, R. A. Shaukharov, E. N. Kantemirova, M. A. Golovina, K. M. Abdullaev, A. V. Balashov, E. V. Rusinova, P. G. Rusinov, and E. K. Potokina. "Impact of growing conditions on the gum properties of different genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 23, no. 7 (November 24, 2019): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj19.570.
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Galactomannan (gum), a water-soluble polysaccharide, is widely used as a gelling agent in liquids, including in the oil and gas industry for hydraulic fracturing. The most effective source of this valuable plant material is seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a legume crop new for Russia. Although in recent years progress has been made in the selection of guar varieties adapted to the conditions of the Russian Federation, the question of the most appropriate region for the cultivation of this crop remains open. The purpose of the study was to investigate how a region and technology of guar cultivation can affect the main indicators of the final target product: the content and viscosity of guar gum extracted from the seeds of various guar genotypes. To understand this, ecogeographical tests of 13 guar accessions from the VIR collection were conducted at the experimental stations of the Vavilov Institute (VIR), where climatic conditions correspond to the temperature requirements of the crop. To compare the properties of gum extracted from the seeds of various genotypes, a fast-tracked laboratory method was suggested allowing gum extracts to be obtained for assessing their viscosity. The method allows fast screening of the breeding material and selecting guar genotypes with beneficial properties of guar gum which are in demand by the oil industry. Applying the fast laboratory method for assessing the properties of gum in seeds of 13 guar varieties showed that the content and viscosity of gum of the same variety vary greatly depending on growing conditions. The same set of 13 guar accessions was grown in 2018 at the Volgograd, Astrakhan, Dagestan and Kuban VIR experimental stations. As a result, the maximum viscosity values were obtained for the seeds reproduced at the Astrakhan region, where the guar was grown on irrigated lands. On the other hand, the maximum gum content in the seeds of all accessions was recorded when they were grown in the Volgograd region. The results showed that the guar gum extracted from seeds of guar plants grown in the Russian Federation can be used as a gelling agent in the processes of intensification of oil production by the method of hydraulic fracturing. This experience is new to the Russian Federation.
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RA, Dunlop, Banack SA, Bishop SL, Metcalf JS, Murch SJ, Davis DA, Stommel EW, et al. "Is Exposure to BMAA a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Response to a Critical Review of the BMAA Hypothesis." Neurotoxicity Research 39, no. 1 (February 2021): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12640-020-00302-0.
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AbstractIn a literature survey, Chernoff et al. (2017) dismissed the hypothesis that chronic exposure to β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) may be a risk factor for progressive neurodegenerative disease. They question the growing scientific literature that suggests the following: (1) BMAA exposure causes ALS/PDC among the indigenous Chamorro people of Guam; (2) Guamanian ALS/PDC shares clinical and neuropathological features with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and ALS; (3) one possible mechanism for protein misfolds is misincorporation of BMAA into proteins as a substitute for L-serine; and (4) chronic exposure to BMAA through diet or environmental exposures to cyanobacterial blooms can cause neurodegenerative disease. We here identify multiple errors in their critique including the following: (1) their review selectively cites the published literature; (2) the authors reported favorably on HILIC methods of BMAA detection while the literature shows significant matrix effects and peak coelution in HILIC that may prevent detection and quantification of BMAA in cyanobacteria; (3) the authors build alternative arguments to the BMAA hypothesis, rather than explain the published literature which, to date, has been unable to refute the BMAA hypothesis; and (4) the authors erroneously attribute methods to incorrect studies, indicative of a failure to carefully consider all relevant publications. The lack of attention to BMAA research begins with the review’s title which incorrectly refers to BMAA as a “non-essential” amino acid. Research regarding chronic exposure to BMAA as a cause of human neurodegenerative diseases is emerging and requires additional resources, validation, and research. Here, we propose strategies for improvement in the execution and reporting of analytical methods and the need for additional and well-executed inter-lab comparisons for BMAA quantitation. We emphasize the need for optimization and validation of analytical methods to ensure that they are fit-for-purpose. Although there remain gaps in the literature, an increasingly large body of data from multiple independent labs using orthogonal methods provides increasing evidence that chronic exposure to BMAA may be a risk factor for neurological illness.
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Peterson, Candida C. "Grandfathers' and Grandmothers' Satisfaction with the Grandparenting Role: Seeking New Answers to Old Questions." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 49, no. 1 (July 1999): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gudm-6ce3-17wf-7n96.
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Newton, Richard, Geraint Vaughan, Eric Hintsa, Michal T. Filus, Laura L. Pan, Shawn Honomichl, Elliot Atlas, Stephen J. Andrews, and Lucy J. Carpenter. "Observations of ozone-poor air in the tropical tropopause layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 7 (April 17, 2018): 5157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5157-2018.
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Abstract. Ozonesondes reaching the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) over the west Pacific have occasionally measured layers of very low ozone concentrations – less than 15 ppbv – raising the question of how prevalent such layers are and how they are formed. In this paper, we examine aircraft measurements from the Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX), the Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) and the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment campaigns based in Guam in January–March 2014 for evidence of very low ozone concentrations and their relation to deep convection. The study builds on results from the ozonesonde campaign conducted from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, as part of CAST, where ozone concentrations as low as 12 ppbv were observed between 100 and 150 hPa downwind of a deep convective complex. TTL measurements from the Global Hawk unmanned aircraft show a marked contrast between the hemispheres, with mean ozone concentrations in profiles in the Southern Hemisphere between 100 and 150 hPa of between 10.7 and 15.2 ppbv. By contrast, the mean ozone concentrations in profiles in the Northern Hemisphere were always above 15.4 ppbv and normally above 20 ppbv at these altitudes. The CAST and CONTRAST aircraft sampled the atmosphere between the surface and 120 hPa, finding very low ozone concentrations only between the surface and 700 hPa; mixing ratios as low as 7 ppbv were regularly measured in the boundary layer, whereas in the free troposphere above 200 hPa concentrations were generally well in excess of 15 ppbv. These results are consistent with uplift of almost-unmixed boundary-layer air to the TTL in deep convection. An interhemispheric difference was found in the TTL ozone concentrations, with values < 15 ppbv measured extensively in the Southern Hemisphere but seldom in the Northern Hemisphere. This is consistent with a similar contrast in the low-level ozone between the two hemispheres found by previous measurement campaigns. Further evidence of a boundary-layer origin for the uplifted air is provided by the anticorrelation between ozone and halogenated hydrocarbons of marine origin observed by the three aircraft.
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Vieira, Sonia. "Research on Chewing Gum: Questions of Ethics." Open Journal of Philosophy 07, no. 03 (2017): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2017.73016.
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Meyrick, Jane, A. G. Lawrence, S. E. Barton, and F. C. Boag. "To test or not to test, could you repeat the question?" International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971918742.
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We aimed to investigate clinical practice in the offering of HIV tests and subsequent uptake in a central London genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. A random sample (n=330) of attenders at 3 inner-London GUM departments was surveyed. Reasons for and rates of offering of HIV tests were recorded and analysed in relation to demographic, risk group information and uptake. The results were integrated with the latest unlinked, anonymous seroprevalence data for the clinic. After exclusion of patients known to be HIV-positive or to have recently undergone HIV testing, HIV tests were offered to 96% of homo/bisexual men, 55% of heterosexual men and 60% of heterosexual women. Comparison with anonymous HIV seroprevalence data showed an inverse relationship between seroprevalence rates for heterosexual men/women (2.5% vs 1%) and rates of HIV test offering. A lack of research into the policy of offering HIV tests may have resulted in inconsistencies in practice. An evidence based policy should offer HIV tests in line with seroprevalence.
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Woodward, Valerie Solar. ""I Guess They Didn't Want Us Asking Too Many Questions": Reading American Empire in Guam." Contemporary Pacific 25, no. 1 (2013): 67–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2013.0010.
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Marler, Thomas, Cameron Musser, April Cascasan, Gil Cruz, and Benjamin Deloso. "Adaptive Management Lessons for Serianthes nelsonii Conservation." Horticulturae 7, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7030043.
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The literature covering the biology, ecology, horticulture, and conservation of the critically endangered tree Serianthes nelsonii Merr. was reviewed. The roots, stems, and leaves of this charismatic legume tree revealed highly plastic traits and responded positively to horticultural manipulations to improve the quality of container-grown transplants. Pre-sowing seed treatments of seed coat scarification and 1 h of imbibition generated 85% to 90% germination at a temperature optimum of 26 °C. Adventitious root formation on air layers and successful unions on approach grafts were 100%. Seedling and sapling growth was maximum under 25% to 50% sunlight transmission, limited irrigation to ensure adequate root zone aeration, repetitive stem tip pruning to increase root:shoot quotient, and thigmic stress to retain an orthotropic orientation of stems. In situ regeneration on Guam was substantial but recruitment from seedling to sapling was nil. High quality leaf litter chemistry enabled rapid decomposition, and soils beneath the tree exhibited unique chemical traits that increased ecosystem health by creating spatial heterogeneity. The greatest unanswered questions focus on plant mortality. Research is needed to determine the reasons for the mortality of in situ seedlings, mortality within transplantation projects on Guam, and the mortality of 60% of the mature in situ tree population during the 26-year implementation of the national recovery plan. Horticultural researchers are ideally positioned to answer these urgent questions.
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Kondratenko, O. Yu. "UKRAINE–RUSSIA: FORMAT OF GEOECONOMIC AND GEOPOLITICAL CONFRONTATION." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 144 (2020): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2020.144.1.4-22.
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The article reveals challenges and prospects of Ukraine in the conditions of transitive world order crisis in Eastern European context. The issue of strengthening national security and protection of the territorial sovereignty of the post-Soviet countries and Eastern European countries in connection with the aggression of Russia and the occupation of part of the Ukrainian territories has been mainstreamed. The confrontation between Russia and the post-Soviet countries is a conflict of two civilizational systems, the struggle of two opposing worldviews and paradigms of a new world order. It has been proved that Russia’s Eurasian integration projects were aimed at attracting Ukraine and maintaining it in the sphere of Russia’s geo-economic and geopolitical influence. The creation of integration associations in the post-Soviet space is intended to become one of the instruments of revival of the Eurasian empire, in particular at the expense of the destruction of the national economy and the sovereignty of Ukraine. A key result of the Revolution of Dignity was the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU which destroyed Russia’s strategy to engage Ukraine in the Eurasian integration area. It is confirmed that after the Russian Federation’s unsuccessful actions to involve Ukraine in Eurasian integration structures through the use of managed pro-Kremlin power, Moscow abandoned this option and switched to a scenario under which the strategy of fomenting and supporting separatism in the south-eastern regions of Ukraine was implemented. The strategy to create a pseudostates on the territory of Ukraine in one way or another involves the issues of infrastructure and transit of Russian energy resources to the European Union. The formation of Novorossiya at the expense of Ukrainian sovereignty also included support from individual EU Member States to accelerate the construction of energy infrastructure bypassing Ukraine as a failed state. The annexation of Crimea became a non-standard geostrategic step in Russia, which led to the violation of the border of the sovereign state for the first time since the end of World War II. In general, the Crimea is an important sacred phenomenon and a geostrategic asset for the Russian Federation. Given the opening of new military bases in Belarus, the preservation of the Russian military contingent in Transnistria and the Donbas, as well as the creeping geopolitical displacement of Ukraine from the Black and Azov Sea, the latter automatically finds itself in a kind of geopolitical “garrotte” while losing access to the sea. In the end, Russian aggression aimed at destabilizing Ukraine also had internal political significance for Russia, since Europeanization of Ukraine and its political and economic success would become a new geopolitical trend and would call into question the effectiveness of the authoritarian regime of Russia and other post-Soviet countries. All this would become a clear example for the Russian society of the positive consequences of the democratic transformations of the great Orthodox state. However, while the Russian Federation has achieved some tactical advantages in Ukraine, thereby slowing its rapprochement with the EU and NATO, designing instability strategically prevents any involvement of Kyiv in Eurasian integration projects, further alienating it from Russia, making Ukraine more pro-Western and anti-Russian. Keywords: Ukraine, foreign policy, national security, Russian Federation, Eastern Europe, ODED-GUAM, Baltic-Black Sea Commonwealth
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Tong, Ho-kin. "Father-son Education in the Ancient Chinese Classics Guoyu and Zuozhuan." Asian Culture and History 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ach.v12n2p12.
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The hexagram “jiaren gua” 家人卦 (The Family) of Yijing 易经 (Book of Changes), a divination manual in the Western Zhou period (1046–771 BC) advocates a strict father image in family management. Is the Pre-Qin father really a strict figure? To answer this question, taking the two major Pre-Qin historical texts Guoyu 国语 and 左传Zuozhuan as targets, three sub-questions will be addressed: (1) What kind of family education records are collected in these texts? (2) How is father-son education represented in these texts? (3) Why is father-son education represented in such a way in these texts? A comprehensive textual research on a father’s role represented in these texts was conducted to collect relevant data to answer the three sub-questions. The data collected was then interpreted by a hermeneutics method, with educational and sociological perspectives to propose an answer to the main research question. The strict but caring fathers represented in these two learning texts are role models for learners and readers in that period. This role model creates a heavy burden on male leaders of upper class families because no matter fathers or sons, they have to have a high moral standard to safeguard their families. Being an upper class father in the Chunqiu period 春秋 (c.770-c.476 BC) is a difficult task as he has to strike a balance between strictness and love to teach his sons. This is also true for today’s fathers.
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Pugach, Irina, Alexander Hübner, Hsiao-chun Hung, Matthias Meyer, Mike T. Carson, and Mark Stoneking. "Ancient DNA from Guam and the peopling of the Pacific." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): e2022112118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022112118.
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Humans reached the Mariana Islands in the western Pacific by ∼3,500 y ago, contemporaneous with or even earlier than the initial peopling of Polynesia. They crossed more than 2,000 km of open ocean to get there, whereas voyages of similar length did not occur anywhere else until more than 2,000 y later. Yet, the settlement of Polynesia has received far more attention than the settlement of the Marianas. There is uncertainty over both the origin of the first colonizers of the Marianas (with different lines of evidence suggesting variously the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, or the Bismarck Archipelago) as well as what, if any, relationship they might have had with the first colonizers of Polynesia. To address these questions, we obtained ancient DNA data from two skeletons from the Ritidian Beach Cave Site in northern Guam, dating to ∼2,200 y ago. Analyses of complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences and genome-wide SNP data strongly support ancestry from the Philippines, in agreement with some interpretations of the linguistic and archaeological evidence, but in contradiction to results based on computer simulations of sea voyaging. We also find a close link between the ancient Guam skeletons and early Lapita individuals from Vanuatu and Tonga, suggesting that the Marianas and Polynesia were colonized from the same source population, and raising the possibility that the Marianas played a role in the eventual settlement of Polynesia.
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Currie, Susanna, Catherine H. Mercer, Kevin J. Dunbar, John Saunders, and Sarah C. Woodhall. "Do healthcare professionals and young adults know about the National Chlamydia Screening Programme? Findings from two cross-sectional surveys." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 1 (September 19, 2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418797849.
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The extent to which healthcare professionals (HCPs) and young people (YP) are aware of, and adhere to, National Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) recommendations on testing frequency is unclear. To address this two cross-sectional surveys in 2015–2016: one among genitourinary medicine (GUM) and non-GUM HCPs (n = 109) and the other among YP attending a GUM clinic in England (n = 195). For both, questions were designed to measure awareness of NCSP guidance and whether respondents acted on that knowledge. This included questions about YP’s most recent test(s) (if ever) and the time since first and last sex with their most recent partners. Knowledge of NCSP testing guidelines varied among both GUM and non-GUM HCP respondents. However, lack of knowledge of the guidelines did not preclude HCPs from recommending testing in line with NCSP recommendations in practice. While most YP were not aware of NCSP recommendations, around two-thirds had tested for Chlamydia at least once in the last year. However, testing seldom appeared to coincide with partnership change. There is a knowledge gap and a discord between testing recommendations and practice. Interventions are needed to encourage appropriate testing patterns to maximise the individual and public health benefits of testing.
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Garcia, Aline Korki Arrabal, Lígia Fahl Fonseca, Rejane Kiyomi Furuya, Patrícia Dias Rabelo, and Edilaine Giovanini Rossetto. "Effect of chewing gum on thirst: an integrative review." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, no. 2 (April 2019): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0132.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the evidence on the effect of chewing gum on thirst in adults. Method: Integrative review, guided by the question: “What is the scientific evidence about the effects of chewing gum on adult’s thirst?” LILACS, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were the databases consulted. Results: Of a total of 2,414 articles found, 12 papers were selected whose publications varied between 1991 and 2016. The use of chewing gum resulted in increased salivary volume (five studies), xerostomia relief (seven studies), and thirst reduction (four studies). It was not possible to establish the number of chewing gums per day, being frequent the recommendation to use as desired. There was a predominance of studies with patients under dialysis and with cancer. Conclusion: Chewing gum is an effective strategy to reduce thirst discomfort in adults.
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Durand-Sun, Chaoying. "Le mythe du Graal dans la légende arthurienne européenne et dans la L’Epopée des Trois Royaumes de Luo Guan-zhong à travers sa traduction française." Hermēneus. Revista de traducción e interpretación, no. 21 (December 20, 2019): 107–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/her.21.2019.107-147.
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Grâce à la traduction française en cinq volumes (entre 2006-2014) du grand classique de la littérature chinoise, L'Epopée des Trois Royaumes, de Luo Guan-zhong, il peut être lu dans le monde occidental et sa vraie valeur appréciée. En particulier, les relations archétypales du contenu original avec le mythe européen du Saint-Graal et la question d'Arthur en général.
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Varennes, Bruno. "La violence en question. L’exemple de l’incendie du Château du Gua (Dauphiné) en 1382." Questes, no. 14 (March 15, 2008): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/questes.405.
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Birmili, Wolfram, Kay Weinhold, Fabian Rasch, André Sonntag, Jia Sun, Maik Merkel, Alfred Wiedensohler, et al. "Long-term observations of tropospheric particle number size distributions and equivalent black carbon mass concentrations in the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN)." Earth System Science Data 8, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 355–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-355-2016.
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Abstract. The German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) is a cooperative atmospheric observation network, which aims at improving the scientific understanding of aerosol-related effects in the troposphere. The network addresses research questions dedicated to both climate- and health-related effects. GUAN's core activity has been the continuous collection of tropospheric particle number size distributions and black carbon mass concentrations at 17 observation sites in Germany. These sites cover various environmental settings including urban traffic, urban background, rural background, and Alpine mountains. In association with partner projects, GUAN has implemented a high degree of harmonisation of instrumentation, operating procedures, and data evaluation procedures. The quality of the measurement data is assured by laboratory intercomparisons as well as on-site comparisons with reference instruments. This paper describes the measurement sites, instrumentation, quality assurance, and data evaluation procedures in the network as well as the EBAS repository, where the data sets can be obtained (doi:10.5072/guan).
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Birmili, W., K. Weinhold, M. Merkel, F. Rasch, A. Sonntag, A. Wiedensohler, S. Bastian, et al. "Long-term observations of tropospheric particle number size distributions and equivalent black carbon mass concentrations in the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN)." Earth System Science Data Discussions 8, no. 2 (November 24, 2015): 935–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essdd-8-935-2015.
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Abstract. The German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) is a cooperative atmospheric observation network, which aims at improving the scientific understanding of aerosol-related effects in the troposphere. The network addresses research questions dedicated to both, climate and health related effects. GUAN's core activity has been the continuous collection of tropospheric particle number size distributions and black carbon mass concentrations at seventeen observation sites in Germany. These sites cover various environmental settings including urban traffic, urban background, rural background, and Alpine mountains. In association with partner projects, GUAN has implemented a high degree of harmonisation of instrumentation, operating procedures, and data evaluation procedures. The quality of the measurement data is assured by laboratory intercomparisons as well as on-site comparisons with reference instruments. This paper describes the measurement sites, instrumentation, quality assurance and data evaluation procedures in the network as well as the EBAS repository, where the data sets can be obtained (doi:10.5072/guan).
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Kapoor, Mahendra, Masaaki Koido, Mikiko Kawaguchi, Derek Timm, and Makoto Ozeki. "A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum Dietary Fiber for the Improved Gut Microbiome in Healthy Athletes." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_025.
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Abstract Objectives The widespread impact of the gut microbiota in human health has emerged in recent years. Changes in diet and exercise can alter the gut microbiomes of active athletes. We performed a randomized, controlled study to evaluate the relationship between the partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) prebiotic dietary fiber and the relative abundance of the gut microbiomes in the context of changes in lifestyle-related factors, and their significant correlation with fecal defecation characteristics in healthy athletes. Methods Subjects followed a daily 6 grams dietary intake of either PHGG or placebo for four weeks, following a three weeks washout period, subjects followed another four weeks of crossover alternative administration. Fecal defecation characteristics were assessed using a questionnaire along with the quality of life (QOL) questions and gut microbiome abundance was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and real-time PCR analysis. Results The alteration in gastrointestinal microbiomes relative abundance was correlated to representative changes in fecal defecation characteristics, especially in ameliorating diarrhea (P = 0.035) and fecal excretory feeling (P = 0.038). The PHGG intake led to a significant increase in phylum Actinobacterium (P = 0.04), along with a significant decrease in Bacteroidetes (P = 0.036). A trending decrease in Firmicutes (P = 0.09) Awas noticed. Also, a significant alteration in the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (P = 0.047) and Clostridium subcluster XI (P = 0.044) were observed with PHGG intake compared with placebo. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis represented a clear overview of the distribution of quality of life covariates evaluated in the study. Conclusions Improved diarrhea was associated with the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and genera Bacteroides/Prevotella ratio for the PHGG intervention compared to placebo. The finding reveals that even at relatively low dosage, intake of prebiotic PHGG fiber modulates gut microbiomes, and thus improves gastrointestinal health. Overall, the quality of lifestyle factors was significantly improved with PHGG consumption. Funding Sources Taiyo Kagaku, University of Tsukuba, and Otsuma Women's University equally contributed to the study.
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Johnson, Matthew W., Patrick S. Johnson, Olga Rass, and Lauren R. Pacek. "Behavioral economic substitutability of e-cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, and nicotine gum." Journal of Psychopharmacology 31, no. 7 (June 14, 2017): 851–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881117711921.
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The public health impact of e-cigarettes may depend on their substitutability for tobacco cigarettes. Dual users of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes completed purchasing tasks in which they specified daily use levels under hypothetical conditions that varied the availability and price of e-cigarettes, tobacco cigarettes, and nicotine gum (for those with nicotine gum experience). When either e-cigarettes or tobacco cigarettes were the only available commodity, as price per puff increased, purchasing decreased, revealing similar reinforcement profiles. When available concurrently, as the price of tobacco puffs increased, purchasing of tobacco puffs decreased while purchasing of fixed-price e-cigarette puffs increased. Among those with nicotine gum experience, when the price of tobacco puffs was closest to the actual market value of tobacco puffs, e-cigarette availability decreased median tobacco puff purchases by 44% compared to when tobacco was available alone. In contrast, nicotine gum availability caused no decrease in tobacco puff purchases. E-cigarettes may serve as a behavioral economic substitute for tobacco cigarettes, and may be a superior substitute compared to nicotine gum in their ability to decrease tobacco use. Although important questions remain regarding the health impacts of e-cigarettes, these data are consistent with the possibility that e-cigarettes may serve as smoking cessation/reduction aids.
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Sacks, Rachel, Anthi Lavida, and Alison Mears. "P147 Adding a Domestic Abuse Routine Prompt to the GUM Proforma: But Are we Asking the Question?" Sexually Transmitted Infections 92, Suppl 1 (June 2016): A70.3—A71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2016-052718.201.
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Nurani, Indah Asikin, Toetik Koesbardiati, and Delta Bayu Murti. "SISTEM KUBUR PENGHUNI GUA KIDANG, BLORA." Berkala Arkeologi 34, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v34i1.14.
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Three human remains (Homo sapiens) have been found in Gua Kidang (Kidang cave). This brings a new contribution to the burial system that is already known among prehistoric man in Holocene era. The third human remain has not been fully unearthed yet. But the anatomical position of the body indicates a primary burial. Although the three human remains werw found in different layer, but they laid closed to each other. This condition leads to the questions, i.e. was Gua Kidang occupied by people with different racial and cultural background? Did the people do different burial system? The result shows that teeth can be used to determine dental wear. This paper will explain the way of life of the human remains viewed from “the religious” aspects. In addition, based on the stratigraphic position of the study Geoarchaeology.
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Ouellet, Maxime. "Mouvements sociaux et changements institutionnels : L'action collective à l'ère de la mondialisation." Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, no. 4 (December 2005): 1104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423905429972.
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Mouvements sociaux et changements institutionnels : L'action collective à l'ère de la mondialisation, Louis Guay, Pierre Hamel, Dominique Masson et Jean-Guy Vaillancourt (sous la direction de), Québec : Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2005, 420 pages.Cet ouvrage dirigé par Guay, Hamel, Masson et Vaillancourt cherche à revoir la problématisation de l'action collective au regard des transformations sociales contemporaines. L'angle d'analyse privilégié par les différents auteurs est celui des rapports entre mouvements sociaux et institutions. Ce rapport ne peut plus être considéré comme nécessairement conflictuel étant donné que les mouvements sociaux “ n'hésitent plus à intervenir à partir ou au sein des institutions elles-mêmes ” (p. 2). Cette transformation des mouvements sociaux constitue en quelque sorte un paradoxe dont le chercheur intéressé à ces questions doit tenir compte car l'analyse traditionnelle des nouveaux mouvements sociaux – voir Offe, par exemple – a souvent considéré le caractère extra-institutionnel de ce type d'action collective comme une de ses particularités.
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Setiawan, Taufiqurrahman. "Permukiman Gua di Kabupaten Bener Meriah (Sebuah Analisis Pendahuluan)." Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala 16, no. 1 (January 5, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/bas.v16i1.114.
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AbstractSince the year 2009, the Archaeological Office of Medan has carried out various research in the hinterland of Aceh, at the Regency of Central Aceh. The research resulted in the finding of cave settlements that have been inhabited since 7000 thousand years ago. The data then raises a question on how people at that time found and settled there. This question later inspires a research trying to discover the possible route taken by the people at that time to reach the caves. A preliminary research was conducted at Bener Meriah Regency at the north of Central Aceh Regency by considering the existence of a river begins in the area and ends at the eastern coast of Aceh as well as the formation of limestone where caves and niches can be found. Lanscape archaeology approach is used in this paper to answer the question matter that focuses on physical and cultural aspects of the area. The rearch began with a topographic map study, a geological map, and digital elevation model (DEM). The second phase was a field survey to acquire caves and niches data and continued wth archaeological testing. The sites data was teh analyzed for potential archaeology and relation patterns between the sites and their surrounding. The provide pictorial description of such patterns, the nearest neighbouring analysis is used through the use of Arc-View 3.2 and ArcGIS 9.3 softwares with the extension of Network and Spatial analyses. The analyses of the settlement potential of the caves in Bener Meriah Regency show two caves of potential categori I, five caves of category II and four caves of no potential. The patterns of settlement are of scattered ones following the random patterns of limestone distribution.AbstrakSejak tahun 2009, Balai Arkeologi Medan telah mulai melakukan penelitian arkeologi di daerah pedalaman Aceh, tepatnya di Kabupaten aceh Tengah. Dari penelitian tersebut telah didapatkan adanya gua hunian yang telah dihuni sejak 7000 tahun yang lalu. Data tersebut tentunya memberikan pertanyaan bagaimana manusia dapat menemukan dan kemudian menghuni lokasi tersebut. Bertolak dari pertanyaan tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian yang ditujukan untuk mengetahui jalur yang kemungkinan digunakan oleh manusia pada masa itu hingga sampai pada lokasi tersebut. Sebagai tahap awal, penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bener Meriah yang berada di bagian utara Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dengan memperhatikan pada keberadaan sungai yang berhulu di lokasi ini dan berhilir di pesisir timur Aceh dan formasi batugamping dimana gua dan ceruk dapat ditemukan. Untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut digunakan model pendekatan arkeologi lansekap yang memperhatikan pada beberapa aspek fisik serta budaya pada lokasi tersebut. Penelitian diawali dengan melakukan studi peta topografi, peta geologi, serta Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Tahap kedua adalah melakukan survei lapangan untuk mendapatkan data gua dan ceruk serta melakukan pengujian arkeologis. Dari data sebaran situs tersebut kemudian dianalisis potensi arkeologisnya dan analisis kemungkinan pola-pola hubungan antara situs dan lingkungannya. Untuk lebih menggambarkan hal tersebut digunakan juga analisis tetangga terdekat dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Arc-View 3.2 dan ArcGIS 9.3 dengan ekstensi Network Analysis dan Spasial Analysis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran tentang situs-situs gua yang potensial hunian dan gambaran tentang bentuk interaksi yang mungkin dilakukan dengan pendekatan arkeologi lingkungan.
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Dubois, Fang, Corentin Musa, Benoit Duponchel, Lucette Tidahy, Xavier Sécordel, Isabelle Mallard, and François Delattre. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Calorimetric Investigations of Extraction Mode on Flaxseed Gum Composition." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 2654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112654.
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We discussed about the influence of extraction mode on the flaxseed gums composition and their thermal stabilities. In order to do so, flaxseed gum was extracted by both classical magnetic stirring method and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). As a function of time, protein content, gum yield, pH values were evaluated and samples were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The flaxseed gum extracted in aqueous solution correspond to a mixture of different components, including polysaccharides, proteins and sometimes lignan derivatives. It is found that the protein and gum contents increase with the extraction duration for both the ultrasonic assisted and the traditional extraction while the pH decreases at the same time. As expected, compared to traditional magnetic stirring method, ultrasonic assisted extraction method can significantly enhance the yield of polysaccharides, lignans and proteins. The variation of pH is correlated to the increase of lignan molecules in the extracted samples. For thermic methods, SEM experiments showed that lignan derivatives which ester-bonded to polysaccharides associated to proteins are responsible to the formation of globular aggregates. Supplementary rod-like molecular organization were obtained from UAE and questions on the nature of the amphiphilic mesogen carbohydrate structures.
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Huang, Chun-chieh. "Between humane governance and hegemony: a study on East Asian Confucian discourse on Guan Zhong and related questions." International Communication of Chinese Culture 7, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 411–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40636-020-00197-8.
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Setiawan, Taufiqurrahman, Anton Ferdianto, Nenggih Susilowati, Aswan Aswan, Andi Irfan Syam, Anggun Ibowo Saputra, Dwi Wahyudi, et al. "GUA MABITCE: DATA BARU SITUS HOABINH DI SUMATRA BAGIAN UTARA." AMERTA 38, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v38i2.115-128.
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Abstract. Gua Mabitce: New Evidence of Hoabinh Site in Northern Sumatra. Gua Mabitce Cave is one of the caves that have the potential for archaeological research on the western coast of Aceh. The surface archaeological data of Sumatralith and the shell layers indicated this location possibly occupied in the past. How occupation and cultural characteristics are found at this site? What questions can be answered by conducting excavations to collect the underground archaeological data? The excavation data are analyzed and interpreted to describe the occupation in Gua Mabitce Cave. Although the dating of this site chronology cannot be obtained because the samples have not been analyzed, the results of the analysis of stone artifacts showed the cultural character of Hoabinh with stone tools artifacts, Sumatralith and flakes as its main equipment. The use of direct percussion is a very dominant technique for making stone tools. The cultural and residential characteristics of the Mabitce Cave are similar to other pre-neolithic sites in northern Sumatra, such as open sites on the east coast of northern Sumatra and cave/rock-shelter sites in the Bukit Barisan Mountains in the Aceh and North Sumatra regions.
Abstrak. Gua Mabitce merupakan salah satu gua di Pesisir Barat Aceh yang memiliki potensi untuk diteliti secara arkeologis. Temuan kapak batu sumatralit dan fitur lapisan cangkang kerang di permukaan lantainya memberikan gambaran awal kemungkinan adanya hunian pada masa lalu. Bagaimana hunian dan karakter budaya yang ditemukan di lokasi ini? Jawaban pertanyaan itu perlu dilakukan ekskavasi di Gua Mabitce untuk memperoleh data arkeologi di bawah permukaan. Data artefak, ekofak, fitur, dan sebarannya dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan untuk menemukan gambaran kronologi dan penghunian di Gua Mabitce. Walaupun kronologi waktu situs belum dapat diperoleh karena sampel pertanggalan belum dapat dianalisis, hasil analisis artefak batu menunjukkan karakter budaya Hoabinh dengan artefak batu, sumatralith, dan serpih batu sebagai peralatan utamanya. Penggunaan kerakal yang dipangkas pada satu sisi sangat dominan ditemukan. Karakter budaya dan hunian di Gua Mabitce memiliki kesamaan dengan situs-situs pre-Neolitik lainnya di Sumatra bagian utara, seperti situs terbuka di pesisir timur Sumatra bagian utara dan situs gua/ceruk di Pegunungan Bukit Barisan di wilayah Aceh dan Sumatra Utara.
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Shimpi, Neel, Ingrid Glurich, Dixie Schroeder, Callahan Katrak, Po-Huang Chyou, and Amit Acharya. "Patient Awareness of Association of Diabetes and Periodontal Disease." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918801909.
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This cross-sectional study sought to assess the current awareness, knowledge, and behavior regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD) association among a convenience sample of patients from a large Wisconsin-based integrated medical-dental health care organization serving largely rurally based communities. An anonymous 10-question survey was distributed at regional medical and dental centers of dental and medical clinics of a single health care institution over a 4-week period, to achieve a cross-sectional sampling of patients aged 18 to 80 years. Among 946 respondents, 616 were female. Patient-reported periodicity for dental visits was highest between 6 months and 1 year (56.4%). Respondents reporting “poor-fair” knowledgeability surrounding DM–PD association correlated with highest interest in learning more about DM–PD relationship ( p <.0001). While over 80% of respondents correctly answered questions about gum disease symptomology and contribution of oral health practices on diabetes prevention, only 51% knew that PD affected blood sugar control. Willingness to comply with medical screening conducted by dental providers for diseases affecting oral health was indicated by 44% of respondents ( p < .0001). Study results indicated that knowledgeability levels among patients surrounding the effect of PD on DM needed improvement. Strategic educational interventions targeting improved health literacy among patients may further promote prevention of DM–PD complications. Health literacy gaps remain to be addressed in patient understanding of the importance of detecting and managing dysglycemia for maintenance of periodontal health, creating opportunities for patient education.
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Amenga-Etego, Rose Mary. "Akuapem in Retrospect." Religion & Theology 24, no. 3-4 (2017): 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-02401001.
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The intermittent conflicts within the Akuapem State are a legacy of the Akwamu wars with the people of the Hill Territory (Akuapem Ridge) in the 17th and 18th centuries. As the catalyst for the Guan-Akyem alliance and the subsequent formation of the ‘Akuapem State,’ this study examines the intricate role of the African indigenous religions in conflicts and state formation in indigenous Africa. With focus on the indigenous equivalent of the Abotakyi Accord, the ritual planting of stone(s) and salt, the study raises questions on the significance of that ritual and its embedded symbolism.
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Marler, Thomas E., and Nirmala Dongol. "Models to Describe Cycas micronesica Leaf and Strobili Development." HortScience 46, no. 9 (September 2011): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.9.1333.
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Cycas micronesica leaf and strobili expansion patterns were measured in three locations and seasons on Guam and then were fitted with non-linear models to evaluate the use of the parameters for informing management decisions. All growth curves except for microstrobili height conformed to a negative exponential function. Microstrobili height development could not be fitted with any traditional linear or non-linear function, so spline models were used to smooth the effect of elapsed days. Leaf and leaflet expansion patterns were influenced by habitat and season, indicating development of the vegetative organ is plastic. In contrast, the models that described development of megasporophyll length, microstrobili height, and microstrobili diameter were not influenced by habitat or season. Moreover, seed diameter developmental patterns were only minimally influenced by location. These results indicate developmental patterns of the reproductive structures were primarily constitutive. We have demonstrated two empirical approaches to fitting models of Cycas micronesica organ growth and development and that both methods are useful for determining the influence of spatial or temporal factors in the timing of organ development. This approach may be used to inform horticultural or conservation questions of other rare cycad species.
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Menon-Johansson, AS, H. Curtis, H. Mohammad, E. Hamlyn, A. Hughes, H. McClean, N. Pal, S. Tayal, and AK Sullivan. "Improved results demonstrated in the 2017 national audit of early syphilis management in the United Kingdom." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419896706.
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The revised British Association of Sexual Health and HIV UK guidelines on the management of syphilis were published in 2015 and this audit measures performance against those standards and recommendations. Although not included in the guideline recommendations, an exploratory question on clinics’ HIV testing policy was also included. The audit was conducted over a two-month period in 2017 in genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics across the UK of cases presenting in 2016. A total of 161 GUM clinics participated, and data were collected for 3017 cases. The standard for adherence to recommended treatment was met (97%, standard: 97%) and almost met for documented pre-treatment syphilis serology (95%, standard: 97%). Even though only 74% of patients had a documented action in relation to informing sexual contacts (standard: 97%), the standard for contacts seen and tested per index case within four weeks was met (0.9, standard: 0.6). Finally, those clinics with a formal policy on HIV testing after a syphilis diagnosis were twice as likely to test after the HIV window period, compared to clinics without a policy; a concurrent HIV diagnosis was made in 75 (3%) patients. More work is required to standardize documented delivery of effective partner notification and a formal policy on HIV testing appears to be effective.
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Flowers, P., G. J. Hart, L. M. Williamson, J. S. Frankis, and G. J. Der. "Does bar-based, peer-led sexual health promotion have a community-level effect amongst gay men in Scotland?" International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462021924721.
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This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a bar-based, peer-led community-level intervention to promote sexual health amongst gay men. The intervention consisted of peer education within bars, gay specific genitourinary medicine (GUM) services and a free-phone hotline. Data were collected at baseline (1996) and at follow-up (1999) in gay bars in Glasgow (intervention city) and Edinburgh (control city). During the intervention peer educators interacted with 1484 men and new clients increased at the gay specific GUM service. However, the hotline was under-utilized and abused. The outcome measures were: reported hepatitis B vaccination; HIV testing; unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual partners; negotiated safety; and amongst men reporting UAI with a regular partner, the proportion who knew their own and their partner's HIV status. Significant differences in sexual health behaviours were observed across locations and across time, but the only significant intervention effects were amongst men who had direct contact with the intervention, with higher uptake of hepatitis B vaccination and HIV testing. The intervention did not produce community-wide changes in sexual health behaviours. These results question the replication and transferability of peer-led, community-level sexual health promotion for gay men outwith the USA and across time.
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Montes, Sergio, James L. White, Nobuyuki Nakajima, Frederick C. Weissert, and Kyonsuku Min. "An Experimental Study of Flow and Stress Fields in a Pressurized Mooney Viscometer." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 61, no. 4 (September 1, 1988): 698–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536214.
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Abstract The boundary conditions of rubber compounds on solid surfaces during extrusion has long been a subject of question. The concerns of Mooney on this topic date back 60 years. He continued to return to this question throughout his career. In more recent years Vinogradov and his coworkers have called attention to slip phenomena occurring in the extrusion of elastomers through dies. This is associated with fluctuating pressure losses which occur at the onset of extrudate distortion. Such behavior has also been observed with rubber-carbon-black compounds. More recently, Turner and Moore have developed a pressurized rotational rheometer to characterize this type of behavior in rubber compounds. We have recognized the importance of this problem in our own laboratories. Marker experiments have been used in extrusion of rubber compounds to detect slippage. In the present paper, we describe an experimental study of the response of gum elastomers and their carbon black compounds in a pressurized Mooney viscometer of the general design of Turner. We look first specifically at the variations of steady torque (shear stress) with the magnitude of applied pressure. We then look at the characteristics of sheared samples and the responses to pressure transients.
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Bai, Yunfei. "Victor Segalen’s 1914 archaeological mission in Sichuan: The untold story." French Cultural Studies 31, no. 3 (May 7, 2020): 210–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155820911568.
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This essay challenges the French poet, naval doctor, archaeologist and sinologist Victor Segalen’s established image as a literary modernist who broke with colonial exoticism. I use a set of previously understudied primary sources, including Segalen’s own travel journals, archaeological accounts, letters and photo albums, as well as Chinese gazetteers and a stele inscription documenting his excavation of a tomb associated with Bao San Niang 鮑三娘 – the supposed daughter-in-law of the famous Chinese general Guan Yu 關羽. Through a study combining both textual and field investigations, this article not only points out the disjuncture between Segalen’s progressive theory and his actual practice, but also questions the tendency among critics – both Western and Chinese – to overstate Segalen’s contribution to East–West cross-cultural representation, while intentionally omitting his exploitative deeds.
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Dhital, Shweta, Megha Pradhan, Siddharth Ghimire, Deepak Kumar Roy, and Sirjana Dahal. "Knowledge and attitude on infant oral health among graduating medical students in Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 8, no. 4 (October 20, 2020): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v8i4.32386.
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Background: Overall, children less than five years old are seen more by a physician than a dentist. Physician need more knowledge and skills to address children’s oral health due to the prevalence of dental diseases, the racial and socioeconomic disparities in disease burden, and the restricted access to dental care for many children. Thus, integrating oral health disease prevention and promotion strategies into these medical professionals’ practice becomes essential.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of graduating medical students of Nepal towards infant oral health.
Methods: A self-administered questionnaire included questions on knowledge and attitude regarding infant oral health was distributed to 180 final year MBBS students of Nepal. Data were collected and entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 23.36 ± 1.12 years. Only 23.9% of them knew that dental caries is infectious and transmissible from mother to baby and 38.9% were aware of the association of poor maternal gum health and preterm, low birth weight baby. Almost 73.9% knew that gum pads should be cleaned regularly and 46.1% knew that first dental visit of a child should be as soon as the first tooth erupts.
Conclusion: This study shows that graduating medical students of Nepal were knowledgeable about some aspects of early childhood caries and infant oral health, but uncertain about other aspects like the association between poor maternal gum health and premature low birth weight babies.
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Tibaldi, Marta. "Active imagination, extraversion, cross-culture: Guan Yin and Chinese divination." Proceedings of the Wuhan Conference on Women 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ppc.v3n2.2020.278.
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In the Far East, Guan Yin, the Goddess of Mercy, is the one who "listens to the cries of the world". Depicted by gigantic white statues, she is the feminine personification of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara and represents an archetypal figure dear to Chinese women and men. In Hong Kong and in Taipei, Taiwan, she is consulted by throwing two moon blocks or ritual sticks according to the rules of Chinese divination. The goddess is a real presence who acts in a real way: when questioned, she answers, defying a synchronistic and extraverted field of knowledge and meaning. The author highlights the importance of approaching in a cross-cultural, sensitive way, such a slippery cultural phenomenon as the use of divination in that part of China, investigating a possible parallelism between this form of dialogue with the goddess Guan Yin and the Jungian method of active imagination. Developing a cross-cultural sensibility towards Chinese divinatory practices as Chinese clients do in their country, without either prejudicially declaring them superstition or considering them as a form of magic, can have transformative effects both on Eastern and Western imagery. In the case of Chinese people, this sensibility develops the ability to examine, psychologically, a phenomenon whose deeper meaning often remains unconscious. In the case of Westerners, this sensibility creates an experience of active imagination in extraverted form. In both cases, when approached from a Jungian perspective, the Chinese divinatory practice leads to experiencing the transformative reality of the extraverted and synchronistic imaginal action.
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Bhattarai, Rosina, Sunita Khanal, G. Nagaraja Rao, and Sujita Shrestha. "Oral health related knowledge, attitude and practice among nursing students of Kathmandu – a pilot study." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 12, no. 4 (January 19, 2017): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v12i4.15135.
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Background & Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the oral health related knowledge, attitude and practices of bachelors level nursing college students in Kathmandu district.Materials & Methods: Data was collected using pre-designed questionnaire among 251 nursing students of three colleges comprising of 43 closed ended questions adopted from various studies. Twenty five questions related to knowledge, 8 questions of attitude and 10 of practice were asked. Prior to conducting the study permission was obtained from institutional review board of Kantipur Dental College and from the Campus Chief of the nursing colleges.Results: Majority of respondents had good oral health knowledge including functions of teeth (94.0%), mineral important for tooth formation (98.4%), vitamin necessary for growth and development of teeth (91.2%), dental caries (90.4%), gingival diseases (96.4%) and treatment for malocclusion (90.8%). Almost half of the participants did not know about treatment options for gum disease, consequences of irregular teeth and causes of oral cancer. Majority of the participants showed good attitudes towards oral health with 99.2% giving equal importance to their teeth like their general health. 78.9% of the participants brush twice daily with 98% using toothbrush and toothpaste among whom 65.7% uses soft bristle toothbrushes. Conclusion: It was seen that oral health related knowledge, attitude and practice of nursing students was adequate but further improvements can be encouraged and facilitated.
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Fernandes, Eduardo Georjão, and Gabriel Guerra Câmara. "Policiamento a eventos de protesto no Brasil: repertórios e modelos policiais no ciclo de protestos de Junho de 2013 na cidade de Porto Alegre." Política & Sociedade 17, no. 39 (November 29, 2018): 368–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7984.2017v17n39p368.
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O trabalho apresenta como tema o policiamento a eventos de protesto no Brasil. Especificamente, questiona: quais os repertórios utilizados pelo aparato policial durante o ciclo de protestos de 2013? Qual(is) o(s) modelo(s) de policiamento colocados em ação? A necessidade do estudo justifica-se pela ausência de um campo de estudos consolidado no País sobre policiamento a protestos; por outro turno, há diversos estudos de âmbito internacional que tratam dessa temática. Metodologicamente, analisou o caso do policiamento aos protestos de Porto Alegre no ciclo de manifestações de 2013. Foram analisadas notícias do jornal Zero Hora e realizadas entrevistas com agentes policiais. Identificou-se a diversidade de repertórios policiais e a coexistência de dois modelos principais de policiamento, que se guiam por diferentes critérios de valor a ser protegido no protesto: um baseado na defesa da integridade física dos manifestantes e um segundo pautado pela defesa do patrimônio.
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Mohd Rosman, Muhammad Harith Wafi, Chua Lay Yong, Muhammad Umais Azman, and Mohamad Izzuan Mohd Ishar. "The Health Issue in Orang Asli Community." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 5, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i2.360.
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is article is a case study on health issues in the Orang Asli community. After the outbreak of measles among Orang Asli in Kelantan, the health issue in this community has been questioned. Compared to non-aboriginal communities, the health of the aboriginal people is lagging, health disparity is still obvious. Since the 1950s, the Malaysian Government has tried to carry development and improve the quality of life in Orang Asli communities, along with non-government agencies, but the health status compared to other aboriginal people groups are still lower. There are a lot of factors as to why the health quality for Orang Asli does not meet the recommended standard including poor education environment, superstitions from their ancestors, and limited facilities to receive health information and medical check-ups. As an impact, they were 14 Orang Asli known as Batek tribe died in Kampung Kuala Koh, Gua Musang from the early of May until 6th June. On 17th June 2019, the Health Ministry has confirmed that there was an outbreak of measles among the Orang Asli Batek tribe at Kampung Kuala Koh, Gua Musang.
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Shklyaev, A. E., A. A. Shutova, A. G. Bessonov, and K. V. Maksimov. "Features of manifestations of functional dyspepsia in medical students of different years of study." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-181-9-24-28.
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Objective of the study: to clarify the influence of external factors on the symptoms of functional dyspepsia in medical students.Materials and methods: A survey of 105 students aged 20.2 ± 0.18 years was conducted. The survey was conducted on a special gastroenterological questionnaire GSRS. Also in the questionnaire we added questions that characterize postprandial distress syndrome. An additional questionnaire was conducted on issues that allow us to assess the influence of external factors on the functional dyspepsia of students (nutrition, bad habits, constitutional features).Results: During the study revealed: the intensity of manifestations of functional dyspepsia from 1 to 6 courses is reduced. Bad habits like smoking, eating at bedtime, using chewing gum, eating with alcohol have a negative effect on the digestive system, which can be a risk factor for developing functional dyspepsia. A correlation was also found between clinical syndromes: epigastric pain syndrome and reflux syndrome (r = 0.4), diarrhea syndrome (0.37), dyspeptic syndrome (0.5), constipation syndrome (0.37); postprandial distress syndrome and reflux syndrome (0.42), diarrhea syndrome (0.39), dyspeptic syndrome (0.83), constipation syndrome (0.39).Conclusions: The intensity of most manifestations of functional dyspepsia during the transition to older courses decreases, however, 4-year students are more susceptible to postprandial distress syndrome, which can be associated with adverse factors such as smoking, eating food at bedtime, using chewing gum, eating with alcohol.
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Tristão, Martha. "Uma abordagem filosófica da pesquisa em educação ambiental." Revista Brasileira de Educação 18, no. 55 (December 2013): 847–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-24782013000400003.
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Este artigo tem a intenção de associar o pensamento filosófico ambiental ou os princípios de uma ecofilosofia à pesquisa narrativa em educação ambiental, considerando o seu impacto na ciência, na vida e no desenvolvimento de sociedades sustentáveis. A abordagem metodológica defendida passa por uma investigação filosófica. O pensamento ecológico, como paradigma espistemológico, preconiza princípios metodológicos em que a abordagem da natureza envolve valores humanos e não se reduz ao aspecto científico apenas. Tal entendimento reconhece a existência de uma razão sensível como integrante da natureza humana, seus efeitos sociais e impactos ambientais. As bases ontológicas e epistemológicas que guiam pressupostos metodológicos e informam métodos e ações podem potencializar e enriquecer a área da educação ambiental. Busca ainda estabelecer um movimento congruente de metodologias de pesquisa com epistemologias e ontologias, questionar a natureza e os usos que são feitos da interpretação da educação ambiental.
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Mackert, J. R., and A. Berglund. "Mercury Exposure From Dental Amalgam Fillings: Absorbed Dose and the Potential for Adverse Health Effects." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 8, no. 4 (October 1997): 410–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411970080040401.
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This review examines the question of whether adverse health effects are attributable to amalgam-derived mercury. The issue of absorbed dose of mercury from amalgam is addressed first. The use of intra-oral Hg vapor measurements to estimate daily uptake must take into account the differences between the collection volume and flow rate of the measuring instrument and the inspiratory volume and flow rate of air through the mouth during inhalation of a single breath. Failure to account for these differences will result in substantial overestimation of the absorbed dose. Other factors that must be considered when making estimates of Hg uptake from amalgam include the accurate measurement of baseline (unstimulated) mercury release rates and the greater stimulation of Hg release afforded by chewing gum relative to ordinary food. The measured levels of amalgam-derived mercury in brain, blood, and urine are shown to be consistent with low absorbed doses (1-3 μg/day). Published relationships between the number of amalgam surfaces and urine levels are used to estimate the number of amalgam surfaces that would be required to produce the 30 μg/g creatinine urine mercury level stated by WHO to be associated with the most subtle, pre-clinical effects in the most sensitive individuals. From 450 to 530 amalgam surfaces would be required to produce the 30 μg/g creatinine urine mercury level for people without any excessive gum-chewing habits. The potential for adverse health effects and for improvement in health following amalgam removal is also addressed. Finally, the issue of whether any material can ever be completely exonerated of claims of producing adverse health effects is considered.
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Vieira, Denise Carla de Melo, Alexandre Patrício Silva Barros, and Clay Anderson Nunes Chagas. "PRODUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO, TERRITÓRIO E VIOLÊNCIA: uma análise dos homicídios na 4ª e 5ª AISP, Belém-Pará." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 5, no. 17 (December 30, 2019): 13151. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.2019.13151.
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PRODUCTION OF SPACE, TERRITORY AND VIOLENCE: an analysis of the homicides in the 4th and 5th ASIP, Belém-ParáPRODUCCIÓN DEL ESPACIO, TERRITORIO Y VIOLENCIA: un análisis de los homicidios en la 4ª y 5ª AISP, Belém-ParáRESUMOA insegurança e o temor da violência tem sido um mal cada vez mais presente nas cidades contemporâneas, tanto no cenário nacional como internacional, guardadas as particularidade. O que se entende como violência urbana em grande medida associa-se à criminalidade. Isto obscurece no plano mais amplo o significado da violência urbana, deste modo, ainda que se considere a criminalidade como parte do conteúdo da violência urbana, é importante considerar que a violência está posta no próprio processo de urbanização à medida que tal processo reflete as relações de produção e as relações de classe, isto é, produto e condição para a realização das relações socioespaciais. Na escala de Belém, as reflexões da violência e da criminalidade não prescindem da análise da produção do espaço e das relações socioterritoriais. Deste modo, procurando responder algumas questões que envolvem reflexões acerca da violência urbana, o objetivo do presente artigo consiste em analisar a relação entre a produção do espaço urbano com a criminalidade e a violência, buscando responder quais as principais motivações do crime de homicídio nos bairros do Jurunas, Batista Campos e Guamá, os quais fazem parte da 4ª e 5ª AISP (Área de Integração de Segurança Pública). Os bairros do Jurunas e Batista Campos fazem parte da 4ª AISP e o Guamá compõe a 5ª AISP.Palavras-chave: Produção do Espaço Urbano; Violência; Território; Homicídios.ABSTRACTThe insecurity and the fear of violence have been an uneasiness each time more present in the contemporary cities, both in the national and international scenario, considered the particularities in each case. The urban violence is frequently associated with the criminality, what obscures the meaning of urban violence in a broader perspective. Thus, even if the criminality is considered part of the content of urban violence, it is important to consider that the violence is included in the very process of urbanization since this process reflects the relations of production and the class relations, that is, product and condition to the fulfillment of sociospatial relations. In the scale of Belém, the reflections about violence and criminality do not dispense the analysis of the production of space and of the socioterritorial relations. Thus, in order to answer some questions about urban violence, the present article aims to analyze the relation between the production of urban space, the criminality, and the violence, seeking to identify the main motivations of homicides crimes in the neighborhoods of Jurunas, Batista Campos and Guamá, parts of the 4th and 5th AISP (Public Security Integration Area). The neighborhoods of Jurunas and Batista Campos are parts of the 4th AISP and Guamá composes the 5th AISP.Keywords: Production of Urban Space; Violence; Territory; Homicides.RESUMENInseguridad y miedo de la violencia han sido un malestar cada vez más presente en las ciudades contemporáneas, tanto en el escenario nacional como internacional, guardadas las particularidades. Lo que comúnmente se entiende como violencia urbana está frecuentemente asociada a la criminalidad, esto oscurece en el plano más amplio el significado de la violencia urbana, de este modo, aunque se considere la criminalidad como parte del contenido de la violencia urbana, es importante considerar que la violencia está puesta en el propio proceso de urbanización a medida que tal proceso refleja las relaciones de producción y las relaciones de clase, es decir, producto y condición para la realización de las relaciones socio espaciales. En la escala de Belém, las reflexiones de la violencia y la criminalidad no prescinden del análisis de la producción del espacio y de las relaciones socioterritoriales. De este modo, buscando responder algunas cuestiones que involucran reflexiones acerca de la violencia urbana, el objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar la relación entre la producción del espacio urbano con la criminalidad y la violencia, buscando responder cuáles son las principales motivaciones del crimen de homicidio en los barrios de Jurunas, Batista Campos y Guamá, que forman parte del 4º y 5º AISP (Área de Integración de Seguridad Publica). Los barrios del Jurunas y Batista Campos forman parte de la 4ª AISP y el Guamá compone la 5º AISP.Palabras clave: Producción del Espacio Urbano; Violencia; Territorio; Homicidios.
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Silva, Débora Dos Santos, Cícera Maria Dos Santos Gomes, and Emidia Inacio Timoteo. "A Religião e suas manifestações: uma análise freudiana." Id on Line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA 10, no. 31 (August 20, 2016): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v10i31.405.
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O presente artigo busca descrever a forma como a psicanálise freudiana concebeu a religião e suas práticas ao longo da história. Desse modo, a psicanálise tenta lançar um olhar sobre o movimento religioso em suas diversas ramificações, mas com um único fundamento, a saber: a crença em divindades que guiam e protegem o sujeito na sua jornada existencial. Portanto, a pesquisa tenta discutir sobre a associação que pode ser feita entre a confiança do homem num Ser Supremo e o sentimento de desamparo e impotência infantil ante os percalços da vida. Conclui-se que a religião propõe ao crente ensinar sobre as leis divinas, consolá-lo ante os sofrimentos que a vida desperta e puni-lo se não nesta, mas na vida espiritual quando do não seguimento das leis prescritas. Porém, pode trazer inconformismo, revolta ou descrença quando o pensamento religioso entra em conflito com uma realidade muito frustrante ou quando os conhecimentos científicos começam a questionar as certezas absolutas que a religião comporta.
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Mulyani, Basri, HAIRUL MAKSUM, and Johan. "PEMBANGUNAN KESADARAN HUKUM MASYARAKAT MELALUI DESA SADAR HUKUM DI KABUPATEN LEMBOK TIMUR." JURIDICA : Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani 2, no. 2 (May 12, 2021): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46601/juridica.v2i2.190.
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Legal counseling in the form of a Legal Awareness Village departs from the awareness of members of the community and local village government who on their own will strive to increase awareness and legal knowledge for themselves and village government officials. The purpose of developing a law-aware village is the realization of community legal awareness. Legal awareness is the output of the process of counseling and coaching activities that reach an ideal optimization level marked by a sense of respect for the law. The method used in this activity is in the form of a focused discussion that begins with counseling / lectures then continues with direct questions and answers. The extension participants were members of the community, especially women and local community leaders. By understanding the law, it is hoped that the community's legal awareness will increase to respect the law. The issue of marriage under the age of 19 was the most questionable discussion in the three locations of legal counseling, namely Padak Guar village, Gereneng village and Masbagik Utara Baru village, East Lombok district and other legal issues related to the conditions of each village.
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Taffe, Alexander. "Condition assessment: From good choice of methods to reliable results that meet the customer demand." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819901008.
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Condition assessment of structures reveals information of the inner structure and its condition. To be insightful the testing task has to be defined regarding the target state defined by the customer. Questions such as “What method should be applied?”, “Where should be measured at what time?” and “How many measurements are sufficient?” have to be answered to guarantee reliable results. Often it is obvious that the additional use of non-destructive methods makes sense. But what method is the most appropriate and what strategy should be applied? This contribution will help to develop a strategy to achieve reliable results. Reliable results have to be accurate which means that reliable results have to be true and precise. According to the GUM (Guideline to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) the procedure how to evaluate data statistically will be demonstrated. Furthermore, it will be shown how statistically evaluated data can be used in static calculations to furnish the proof of the stability of the real as-built structure. This profoundly use of data contributes to make good and reliable decisions.
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Mazurek, Mateusz, Anna Szyszkowska, Agata Mazurek, and Jolanta Szymanska. "Selected issues concerning oral health in female patients with eating disorders: a survey study." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 29, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2016-0029.
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Abstract The study aimed to evaluate behaviours relevant to oral health and the condition of the teeth and gums in women with eating disorders. A survey study covered a group of 30 patients aged 14-36 years suffering from diagnosed eating disorders and treated in closed psychiatric wards. The control group included 30 healthy women at the mean age corresponding to that of the patient group. The questions concerning oral health-relevant behaviours referred to the frequency of tooth brushing and the kind of toothbrush used, the frequency of dental visits, fear of dental visits, and self-evaluation of the selected items of oral health status. The survey results were analysed statistically. Behaviours relevant to oral health in women with eating disorders include increased oral hygiene and the attitude to dental visits that does not diverge from the customary one. The patients found the presence of enamel damage to be as frequent as in the healthy subjects. Eating disorders are, however, conducive to more frequent gum disorders and the feeling of dryness in the mouth.
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Odinino, Juliane Di Paula. "“Super-Meninas em: o poder do rosa!?!” Por uma compreensão das feminilidades infantis a partir dos estudos de mídia, gênero e infância." Perspectiva 33, no. 3 (April 1, 2016): 887–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-795x.2015v33n3p887.
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O presente artigo problematiza o lugar social e cultural da menina, no contexto dacultura midiática globalizada. O recorte analítico remete à pesquisas realizadas comcrianças de séries iniciais, da região da grande Florianópolis, em seus contextos escolarese da presença de referenciais identitários que culminam na imagem da quedenominamos Menina-Super-Poder-Rosa. A análise dialoga, tensiona e questiona talrepresentação, cujos signicados são marcados pela sua inerente ambiguidade econtradição, sobretudo quando apropriados e ressiginicados pelas crianças. Talimagem congrega elementos e caraterísticas que se voltam a uma espécie defeminilidade infantil contemporânea, onde é possível constatar matrizes culturais maistradicionais. Nesse sentido, guram aspectos ligados à passividade e à subserviênciafeminina ao lado de características mais atuais relacionadas às conquistas feministas e aoempoderamento das mulheres. Para a realização da pesquisa com as crianças, fez-se usoda etnograa e da pesquisa-intervenção com o propósito de problematizar as relações depoder, principalmente as voltadas às questões de gênero, infância e mídia. Comoresultado, notou-se que as feminilidades infantis por mais que tenham avançado rumoà igualdade de direitos e à liberdade de expressão, ainda continuam ocupando um lugarde subalternidade, de inferiorização e de naturalização das diferenças, sendocristalizadas em práticas sexistas e discriminátorias, as quais são vivenciadas ereproduzidas cotidiadianamente nas interrelações infantis.