Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guane Indians'
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Boudehri, Nadir. "Épidémies en quête d'histoire : conséquences des épidémies dues à la rencontre coloniale sur les Palikur de Guyane française." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20960.
Full textFrom the 17th to the middle of the 20th century, the indigenous indian populations of Guyana showed a constant demographic decrease, the main cause of which appears to be the epidemics as a result of the colonial establishment. Thus, several ethnic groups and thousands of Native Americans disappeared during the dark years of colonization. Today, only 6 ethnic groups survive in this overseas french territory. The Palikur and the Kali'na, on the coast were the first to meet "the white man" and thus, to bear the brunt of epidemics. The oral tradition, although tenuous, still perpetrates the memory of this meeting. Since the 17th century however, these groups underwent deep transformations, particularly among the Palikur who definitely have abandoned shamanism for protestantism. In a historical perspective, this thesis is an attempt to understand the curious alchemy created by the Native American representations of health and sickness through the terrible impact of epidemics
Martin, Emmanuel. "La proie, l’animal personne ou l’ennemi des hommes : nommer, classer, penser et se nourrir d’animaux sur le haut-Maroni des Wayana (Guyane française)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100169/document.
Full textThis thesis is an ethnographic exploration of the general properties and fundamental truths that Indians Wayanas of French Guiana (Amazon), karib, recognize to animals, among other non-human beings, and a study of different forms of relationships between humans and non-humans, in particular the relationship of predation, when the ones kill and eat the others. First of all, this work presents the various non-human inhabitants of the Wayana world, of which the animal is one of the forms. Then, from theoretical tools and a lexical study, the thesis examines the nomenclature and classification of non-human entities from Wayana perspective. With the impasse revealed by this approach, the thesis presents the ontological properties of non-human entities to recognize an animistic conception of non-humans. This model, anthropocentric, without perspectivism, appears to focus on a real equivalence on relationships inside each boxes of beings. By studying the different positions of consanguinity and affinity in their interactions with non-humans, this work shows that in the relationship of predation with the animal, the other is primarily a potential affine. Is tied with him, an enemy to enemy relationship, working by subtraction without arbitration institution. By studying the techniques of predation, the thesis demonstrates that Wayanas implement means of predation the most effective. If Wayana are seeking for optimum performance, it is not so much to maximize the gains, but is to minimize the risks in a relationship of predation with an enemy
Hamot-Pezeron, Simone Jacquin Philippe. "Etre indien Caraïbe de nos jours à la Dominique, au Vénézuela et en Guyane française." [S. l.] : [s.n.], 1999. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1999/hamot_pezeron_s.
Full textCoutet, Claude. "L' archéologie du littoral de Guyane française : une approche ethnoarchéologique des techniques céramiques amérindiennes." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010507.
Full textOuhoud, Renoux François. "De l'outil à la prédation : technologie culturelle et ethno-écologie chez les Wayapi du Haut Oyapock (Guyane française)." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100032.
Full textRostain, Stéphen. "L'occupation amérindienne ancienne du littoral de Guyane." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010535.
Full textThis research analyses developments in ancient amerindian communauties of the coastal area of french guiana. Hundred-fifty archaeologicals sites, 23 502 pottery artefacts, 4 464 stone artefacts or fragments and some artifacts of other materials were studied. These results were compared to those archaeological studies of the neighbouring countries. Three types of society (confederations, chiefdoms, semi-nomadics tribes) are recognized, representing four cultural complexes, ariste themire and barbakoeba, koriabo. The ariste complex developped in eastern french guiana, in the ouanary hills and, further to the east in amapa (brazil). These developments started ca 350 ad, an off-shoot of the incised-punctuated tradition, that originated in the middle and lower amazon. Later, perharps ca 1000 ad, influences of the polychrome tradition on ariste starts, which finally became predominant. In western part of french guiana, but in fact between the orinoco delta and cayenne island, other developments are registred : complexes of the arauquinoid tradition. One of these, the barbakoeba complex, is found in the extreme west of french guiana and eat surinam. The themire complex features aspects of both arauquinoid and polychrome traditions. It is found in the central part of coastal french guiana. These complexes dated between ca 500 and 1600-1650 ad. The most recent prehistoire archaeological complex of french guiana is the koriabo
Hamot-Pezeron, Simone. "Etre indien Caraïbe de nos jours à la Dominique, au Vénézuela et en Guyane française : Texte imprimé." Lyon 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/1999/hamot_pezeron_s.
Full textLittle is know of the Carib Indians who gave their name to one of the most beautiful regions on the globe. Half a millenium after the first fateful voyage of Columbus, they still exist and are proud of their famous ancestors. This study about the Carib Indians of Dominica island, Venezuela ethnic Guiana examines this indigenou people in terms of their history, ethnic and social structure, ecological and physical characteristics of the territory, economy and social organization, folk and religion
Ekomie, Obamé Landri. "Les populations forestières face à l'écotourisme : incitations, réticences et expériences en cours en Guyane française." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H025/document.
Full textA fashionable concept for some decades, « ecotourism » has been selected as the leading product for National Parks and large forests areas. With the opening, in 2007, of the “Amazonian park of Guyana “, the “Wayana”, like other local traditional communities, have not escaped from theories related to sustainable development as well as the “ecotourism”. But what reality stands behind such a concept in the southern part of Guyana, geographically isolated, and under the influence of strong cultural identities and a clandestine and criminal gold extraction activity. The current study tries to understand the cultural movement and their ambition to maintain a cultural identity, in a society in complete transition. In order to study the social and cultural changes, the author has observed the Indians way of life in the heart of Guyana today, as opposed as to how it was yesterday. Our study points out that, although very interested by the modern world, Indians still depend on natural resources and are concerned with the preservation of their identity. Their ways of using resources have certainly evolved, but they remain basically respectful of the environment and biodiversity because these societies function in order to minimize any negative impacts on their environment. These societies are therefore concerned with the management of their resources in a durable way. It’s easily perceivable in the itinerant agriculture, also in the fishing “à la nivrée”, where the area is left unexploited for regeneration after resources have been used. The search for an endogen compromise between a traditional way of life and a modern one is quite significant when one observes and analyzes the evolution of the Amerindian habitat. Opting more and more for buildings with partitions and separations, not just covered with basic vegetable roofs but with metallic material, the “Wayana” have not abandoned the use of “carbet-hamoc”, nor of open air toilets where the population live. Indians, traditionally, use streams as toilets. Our study shows that this custom is the same for all Indians living in the interior territories of Guyana, because it goes beyond a simple hygienic and physiological concern. In their cultural system, this rule is not systematically imposed by the natural environment. It’s governed above all by an ecological logic, pertinent to these micro societies, followed by the necessity to clearly identify two different worlds: the animal world and the human world. According to internal “Wayana” logic, it is only wild animals that use the ground for their excretions, whilst human beings, in order to distinguish themselves, use streams. But, facing changes brought about by the external world (sedentary life, demographic expansion, social care…), the internal coherence of the social and cultural model of the “Wayana” is in jeopardy. Installing a culture of “ecotourism” therefore seems to confront logics: one set of exogenous logics brought on by its promoters and another set of endogenous logics maintained by the autochthon traditional populations fitting with their holistic vision of the universe, leading either to some form of compromise or to antagonist attitudes opposed to any type of negotiation
Lucquin-Hanotte, Marie-Pierre. "Les Amérindiens Palikurs et la médecine à travers une expérience en Guyane." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M018.
Full textLopes, da Silva Macedo Silvia. "Ekolya et Karetajar : maître d'école, maître de l'écriture : l'incorporation de l'écriture et de l'école par les amérindiens wayãpi de l'Amapari (Brésil) et de l'Oyapock (Guyane française)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0239.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the incorporation of the school and of the writing by the Wayãpi Amerindian sub-groups (Tupi language) living Brazil and the French Guiana. Two main lines define this research: 1) the analysis of the kind of relation that these Amerindians establish with others, with the white man; 2) the analysis of the specific forms through which the Wayãpi incorporate school institution and its knowledges. We demonstrate in this work that the relation established by the Wayãpi with the school, and the way by which they incorporate school institution in their lives, are based on a wayãpi logic of relation with others. The Wayãpi logical identity process structures the forms by which the white man and their institutions are incorporated in the wayãpi world. School spaces, its interactios, and its practices are structured according to the wayãpi forms of relations and of the wayãpi forms of knowledge transmission
Castro, Iára Quelho de. "De Chané-Guaná a Kinikinau = da construção da etnia ao embate ente o desaparecimento e a persistência." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280433.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta como objeto de estudo o grupo indígena Guaná-Aruák, denominado Kinikinau, que hoje vive na Aldeia de São João, em Mato Grosso do Sul, e que não obstante ter sido considerado extinto na primeira metade do século XX prossegue com a sua existência. Defende a tese de que essa persistência se deve à existência de uma estrutura geral de tendências e disposições apresentadas pelos povos Chané-Guaná, a que pertencem, materializadas nas situações sócio-históricas do contato, que concorreu para a sua continuidade ao longo do tempo e para a sua inserção na historia do extremo-oeste brasileiro, dada a forma como conceberam e construíram suas relações com o seu entorno. Pretende, também, demonstrar que o "desaparecimento" do grupo constituiu-se como um produto histórico e teórico que se esfacelou frente à presença viva do grupo na sociedade brasileira que invalidou todos os prognósticos pessimistas quanto à sua permanência, revelando uma maneira de se ser índio nestes dias propícios, embora difíceis, as reafirmações dos povos indígenas no Brasil. Trata-se, especificamente, de se historiar a constituição dos Kinikinau enquanto uma formação sócio-indígena, identificando-se os lugares e espaços a partir dos quais se deu aquele processo, e as percepções daquele grupo em relação aos eventos que os envolveram no interior de uma sociedade mais ampla. Do ponto de vista da construção teórica e metodológica, o texto usufrui de renovadas concepções, tais como as de cultura, habitus e apropriação que tem sido utilizadas nas contemporâneas abordagens dos povos indígenas, que incluem as suas percepções e adotam uma perspectiva histórica, permitindo uma reconstrução que escapa da historia vista sob uma única perspectiva e voz. Espera-se ter incluído os Kinikinau nesse tipo de narrativa, considerando-se o tempo da longa duração, mostrando algumas dimensões sócio-históricas e políticas da articulação que construíram com a sociedade envolvente, sob a forma que e intrinsicamente significativa para eles. A pesquisa é baseada em fontes escritas e em relatos dos Kinikinau da Aldeia de São João coletados entre maio de 2009 e setembro de 2010. Os dados obtidos sugerem a permanência de uma estrutura geral de tendências e princípios que orientam as praticas sociais do grupo, traduzidas em uma política de aliança e de convívio com a sociedade envolvente. A contribuição geral pretendida neste trabalho é a de ter oferecido uma fração de conhecimento sobre a história dos antepassados dos Kinikinau e do presente embate que travam para serem plenamente reconhecidos pela sociedade brasileira, que possa servir ao estabelecimento de relações mais generosas com esse grupo que historicamente recorre à aliança com a sociedade mais ampla visando a sua continuidade
Abstract: The Brazilian indigenous group Guaná-Aruák called Kinikinau, in Sao Joao village, Mato Grosso do Sul, were considered extinct in the first half of the XX century. This thesis shows that the group's "disappearance", which became a historic and theoretical product, shattered, in face of its live presence among the Brazilian society. Thus, invalidating all pessimistic prognoses as to its permanence and revealed an indigenous way of being in these favorable days, although difficult, as to self-determination of the Brazilian indigenous people. The paper defends that the Chane- Guana's people perseverance is due to the existence of general framework of the tendencies and dispositions between them and materialized through the social-historic situations of contact. These contacts occurred as a result of the way these relations were conceived and contributed around them, in order to permit its endurance along the time and its insertion in the history of Brazil's extreme-west region. It deals specifically with the Kinikinau constitution of its historical, social-indigenous formation, identifying the spaces and places in which the process occurred, and the group awareness of the events that involved them within a broader society. The theoretical foundation is drawn from updated conceptions such as culture, habitus andappropriation used in the contemporary approaches of the indigenous people, which include their perceptions and adopts a historical perspective that allows its reconstruction beyond the one way view and voice of history. These theoretical perceptions permit including the Kinikinau in this kind of narrative, considering the length of time, and also showing the social-historical and political articulation that they built with the surrounding society, which is intrinsically meaningful to them. The research is based on written documents and on accounts given by the Kinikinau from Sao Joao collected from May 2009 to September 2010. The data suggests the permanency of a general structure of tendencies and principals which orientates their social practice, that is, a policy of alliance and relationships with other groups. Eventually, the overall contribution that we wish to propose is to have offered a fraction of knowledge about the history of the forefathers of Kinikinau and their present endeavor to be fully recognized by the Brazilian society. May it also serve to establish a more generous relation with this group, who have strived to continuity historically by referred to an alliance with the larger society
Doutorado
Etnologia Indigena
Doutor em Ciências Sociais
Domoison, Patrice. "Insertions indiennes en sociétés créoles : Contribution à une approche anthropologique de groupes d'ascendance indienne de Martinique, de Guadeloupe et de Guyane." Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0328.
Full textMost ofthe experts agree to write that the Indian immigrants' contribution in the Caribbean French colonies has been a benefit on the whole in the economy ofthe welcoming countries. Indeed, these years of immigration have contributed to the improvement ofthe sugar cane culture an by extension to the increase of the sugar production. Nevertheless, the planters have used the engaged Indians to break up the legitimate claiming ofthe freed slaves. Today, the Indian participation to the Martinican, Guadeloupian and Guyanese economical development has kept on increasing contributing to the promotion ofnew generations. Conscuenthy, these Indians worked descents play an important part in the economical activity oftheir region mainly in the agricultural and transport fields. The effect ofthis social evolution is the increasing number ofthe workforce in the civil service, the marketing services and the liberal professions. The urbanization of people from India is original. The professional diversification has provoked a sharp improvement ofthe living environment, what corresponds to a remarkable increase on the west Indian socioeconomical scale. However, in spite ofa success full integration, these men have jealously conserved the elements oftheir cultural heritage, which testify their difference within the Indian and Guyanese melting-pot. The different rites, mainly tamij constitute an enrichment ofour plural society, locking for identity. The question ofthe renewal ofthe hindu religions practices in creoles lands is legitimate. The Indian social evolution and the fact that they acquired new knowledge naturally participate to the promotion ofthat millennial philosophy. As a conclusion, we may say that engaged Indians descents' contribution to the creoles society identification i undeniable
Verwimp, Régis. "L'Église et la vie religieuse de Guyane française moderne : la religion en Guyane, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0131.
Full textThis study of church and religious life in modern French Guyana starts suring the XVIIth century with the alternation of European domination's, and consequently with pluriconfessional experiences. From 1664, the Jesuits are in charge of all spiritual matters of this colony : toward the colons with few modifications in relation to France; toward the Native Americans first with flying missions and then with settled open missions characterized by their theological adaptability and their centrifuge Christianity; and toward the slaves trying, on the one hand, to educate their own servile population in a Christian charity spirit, and, on the other hand, looking for better conditions of life for laymen's slaves. Thanks to the collaboration between royal and religious authorities, missions are settled in Kourou's area, and then on Oyapock; they are financed with a plantation systeme (habitations), until the expulsion of Jesuits from Guyana (1769)
Lefèvre, Lemorin Karen Christine. "Approche ethnoscénologique des pratiques spectaculaires ritualisées dans le bassin du Maroni (Guyane française)." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081386.
Full textThere are not many countries in the world that offer as much ethnological diversity as the french guyana. It is from the plurality of choregraphic practices observed in the polyethnic region of west guyana that the author, classical dance teacher, integrates other human spectacular behaviours pointing out what separates various ceremonial theatricalizations from real "spectacular" ones. In this prospect, beyond the apparent differences from a society to another, the pointing up of the unity of ritualized spectacular practices enables to release the ontological implications as it appears that man never directs innocently and naively his life, that he always stakes great metaphysical options. Formalized in specific behaviours involving a collective participation to a same statuts distincts from the one of everyday life, these practices seem to enable mankind to control the tragedy of its existence through a total support producing intense emotions and governing the lived consciousness of the sacred through a narrow association of spirit and body, not only in its cognitive or emotional dimensions but as well in spiritual ones
Pujol, Benoît. "Dynamique évolutive de la diversité morphologique et génétique d'une plante domestiquée à "propagation végétative" : Le manioc (manihot esculenta crantz)." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20125.
Full textMazières, Stéphane. "Le peuplement amérindien de Guyane française : apport des marqueurs moléculaires." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30125.
Full textTo better understand the Amerindian peopling of French Guiana, six populations (Palikur, Emerillon, Kaliña, Wayampi, Apalaí and Matsiguenga) were analysed in relation to mtDNA and Y-chromosome genetic markers, and three of them tested for seven autosomal loci. Genetic material (DNA) has been extracted from serum or red-cell samples and DNA analysis were performed using the PCR-RFLP method coupled with sequencing of the HVS-I region of the mtDNA to detect the major Amerindian genetic components. The present work demonstrates that genetic drift does not act as the principal evolutive force. Furthermore, it strengthens the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in any anthropological study. Finally, the role of recent historical events in the Amerindian settlement of French Guiana is to be considered, notably those involving non-Amerindian populations
Para compreender a história do povoamento indígena da Guiana francesa, seis populações ameríndias (Palikur, Emerillon, Kaliña, Wayampi, Apalaí et Matsiguenga) foram examinadas para os marcadores do DNA mitocondrial e do cromossomo Y, e outra três foram testadas para sete loci autossômicos. Após a extração do DNA de soros ou hemácias coletados no campo, os fragmentos foram amplificados pelo método da PCR, analisados por digestão enzimática e por seqüenciamento automático, visando as variantes biológicas ameríndias principais. O nosso trabalho mostra que nos grupos nativos, a deriva genética não explica toda a variabilidade genética. Notavelmente, a interpretação conjunta de áreas como antropologia biológica, etnologia, linguística e história tem revelado a sua utilidade. Por último, o presente trabalho tem demonstrado o papel direto dos grupos não nativos na dinâmica de instauração das populações ameríndias da Guiana francesa
Tinaut, Joëlle. "Étude du comportement suicidaire chez les Wayanas, peuple autochtone de la Guyane." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083843.
Full textIn the absence of sociological and epidemiological research on the issue of suicide among the French Guianese Indians called the Wayanas, our surveys allow us to state that the number of suicides in their natural living environment seems to be about 2 to 3 times higher than the number for the whole Guianese population and that there are analogies between Aboriginal peoples that have been studied and the Wayanas population. We consider that in general the suicide act of the Wayanas reveals, on first hand, a social issue of the reality of the French Guianese Indians. This group continuously receives codes of the conformism models and of social enhancement of the occidental ways but they endure massive failure in their projects of social integration. Indeed the group gets away from its culture of origin in its own geographic sector, an area that, in consequence, offers only very little perspectives of economic and social insertion. Through disappointment and frustration, it creates new dependences such as the economic assistances, consumption and over-consumption of alcoholic and illegal products which have their roots in more ancient traces in collective memories, thus in relation with the sacred “cultural drunkenness”. In the end, other than the mental troubles, it is the psychological suffering generated by difficulties that are linked to the particular social and economical conditions of life that would push the most vulnerable ones to end up doing the suicide gesture. The elements that feed this suffering are the consequences of an aggregate made of individual risk factors (vulnerability of departure, sex and age, losses and separations, alcoholism and multiple violences. . . ). Also risk factors coming from the social functioning (change of social politics, domination and cultural crush, minority group, social isolation)
Andreu-Verin, Sonia. "Thérapeutique occidentale et thérapeutique traditionnelle par les plantes chez les Amérindiens Palikurs de Makouria, village de Guyane française proche de Cayenne." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11085.
Full textBrancier, Jeanne. "Géoarchéologie des occupations précolombiennes de Guyane française : étude des marqueurs pédo-sédimentaires de l'anthropisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H043.
Full textThe research undertaken in this thesis, aims to identify the formation processes of the preColumbian archaeological anthropogenic soils in the French Guiana territory as well as to contribute to revisiting ancient human activities. lt is based on the study and analysis of the intrinsic properties of archaeological sediments, such as, on the one hand, their nature and their pedo-sedimentary composition, and on the other hand, their physicochemical properties. The availability of a corpus of open air archaeological sites in different geomorphological settings (e.g., floodplain; lateritic hill with circular ditch glossed in French montagne couronnée), and the implementation of a geoarchaeological approach combining micromorphological observations and physicochemical analyses, enabled to investigate different kinds of pre-Columbian anthropogenic soils in French Guiana, and to characterize them according to several anthropogenic markers, both direct and indirect. Geoarchaeological analysis revealed that the natural pedogenesis has been impacted by the ancient anthropization and indicates a certain resilience of soils. The soil micromorphology demonstrated anthropogenic microtraces such as charcoal (micro and macro) and fragments of pottery, common to both contexts, as well as different kinds of heated aggregates originating from the surface of the soils having been burned, only for the montagnes couronnées sites. Anthropogenic activity probably also contributed to the process of leaching of clay via the formed ashes. The pedofaune has been transformed as one may assume, in thin sections, the presence of pedofeatures related to Pontoscolex corethrurus. Additional archaeo-environmental analyses implemented in this study (anthracology, phytoliths, magnetic susceptibility) allowed completing the data acquired on the implementation of the studied anthropogenic soils. These studies, pioneering for French Guiana, though inspired by studies in the near Brazilian Amazon on terra preta/mulata or Amazonian Dark Earth, complement the repository of archaeological anthropogenic soils developed in the Amazon. Furthermore, they allowed several hypotheses about the origins of the activity markers, either direct or indirect, observed in the archaeological anthropogenic soils, and evidenced ancient human events that could have taken place on the sites studied. Fundamental activities such as house tires or the cultivation of the land appear to have taken place on the latter. Assumptions about the models of occupation of space have been proposed mainly by refuse areas behind the supposed houses and near the ditch in the case of the montagnes couronnées. This study is situated in an archaeo-environmental approach demonstrating the close relations between pre-Columbian populations with their environment
Davy, Damien. ""Vannerie et vanniers" : approche ethnologique d'une activité artisanale en Guyane française." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198078.
Full textDe plus, pour tresser ces formes, les vanniers utilisent toutes les parties d'une incroyable diversité de plantes (plus de 117 espèces botaniques), les aroumans (Ischnosiphon spp.) en constituant le genre emblématique. Je montre ainsi que les vanniers sont détenteurs d'un savoir botanique, écologique et technique d'une grande finesse. D'autre part, cette activité a longtemps été uniquement destinée à la fabrication d'outils de production, essentiellement pour transformer en aliment le manioc amer ; or, aujourd'hui le monde moderne et l'argent pénètrent toutes les communautés de cette Région. Ainsi, la vannerie se transforme, certains de ses outils sont remplacés par des produits manufacturés, des techniques et une partie des motifs sont oubliés alors que la commercialisation connaît une ampleur sans précédent. En montrant comment la transition se passe chez les différentes communautés guyanaises tant d'un point de vue des savoirs technique, culturel que botanique mais également quelle évolution cette activité connaît en devenant de plus en plus commerciale, j'explore les facteurs de transmission de ces savoirs.
Au final, cette thèse propose une véritable analyse ethnobotanique, socio-économique et ethnologique retraçant l'évolution de la vannerie, sa place dans les communautés guyanaises ainsi que sa confrontation au monde contemporain.
Tritsch, Isabelle. "Dynamiques territoriales et revendications identitaires des amérindiens Wayapi et Teko de la commune de Camopi (Guyane française)." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0608/document.
Full textIndigenous territories comprise extensive areas of tropical forest and hold significant social and conservation value. Today, they are subject to various constraints and opportunities and face many territorial transformations. These transformations are complex and multifaceted. They involve the adoption of new production and consumption modes, the medications of forms of social organization and identity and territorial claims. However, the links between these on-going processes are still poorly understood, and make difficult to appreciate the adaptation dynamics of indigenous common natural resources management. This thesis is particularly concerned with the territorial dynamics of the wayapi and teko indigenous people of the municipality of Camopi in French Guyana. It integrates methods that include land use analysis using remotely sensed data, socio-economic and agricultural systems analysis at the household scale, and empirical analysis on the influence of identity claims, kinship networks, and conservation policies. It shows that despite the residential settlement around local towns, the growth of cash income from wage labour and welfare, associated with strong kinship networks, allows the revival of mobility and the diversification of indigenous territorialities. Environment policies implemented on the territory involve processes of identity and territorial claims and motivate the construction of a collective project of endogenous local development. A comparative approach with the situation of the Wayapi people living in Brazil, and evolving in a completely different institutional, socio-economic and environmental context shows similar dynamics. Indigenous people of these two sites adopt “multi-local” land use systems, allowing them to extend their territory occupation and taking part of a broader dynamic of territorial and identity affirmation. They articulate forest and local town environments. This multi-local land use sytem can be interpreted as a new form of environmental governance, which overcomes the difficulties access to natural resources around local towns and ensure their sovereignty over the territory
Copin, François. "Grammaire wayampi : Famille tupi-guarani." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070059.
Full textThis dissertation is a descriptive work on the grammar of a Tupi-Guarani language spoken in French Guyana : Wayampi. The main focus is on syntax and morphosyntax. The following topics are dealed with in details : word classes and the formal criteria that allow to distinguish between them, internal structure of the nominal phrase and the inflectional categories that may affect a noun, internal organisation of the predicative phrase and the grammatical categories that may apply the word around which it is organised, general structure of the simple sentence - with a deep analysis of the different formal types of clauses, grammatical relations, diathesis changing and transpositional operations, and serial verb constructions -, and finally, subordination
Brancier, Jeanne. "Géoarchéologie des occupations précolombiennes de Guyane française : étude des marqueurs pédo-sédimentaires de l'anthropisation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H043/document.
Full textThe research undertaken in this thesis, aims to identify the formation processes of the preColumbian archaeological anthropogenic soils in the French Guiana territory as well as to contribute to revisiting ancient human activities. lt is based on the study and analysis of the intrinsic properties of archaeological sediments, such as, on the one hand, their nature and their pedo-sedimentary composition, and on the other hand, their physicochemical properties. The availability of a corpus of open air archaeological sites in different geomorphological settings (e.g., floodplain; lateritic hill with circular ditch glossed in French montagne couronnée), and the implementation of a geoarchaeological approach combining micromorphological observations and physicochemical analyses, enabled to investigate different kinds of pre-Columbian anthropogenic soils in French Guiana, and to characterize them according to several anthropogenic markers, both direct and indirect. Geoarchaeological analysis revealed that the natural pedogenesis has been impacted by the ancient anthropization and indicates a certain resilience of soils. The soil micromorphology demonstrated anthropogenic microtraces such as charcoal (micro and macro) and fragments of pottery, common to both contexts, as well as different kinds of heated aggregates originating from the surface of the soils having been burned, only for the montagnes couronnées sites. Anthropogenic activity probably also contributed to the process of leaching of clay via the formed ashes. The pedofaune has been transformed as one may assume, in thin sections, the presence of pedofeatures related to Pontoscolex corethrurus. Additional archaeo-environmental analyses implemented in this study (anthracology, phytoliths, magnetic susceptibility) allowed completing the data acquired on the implementation of the studied anthropogenic soils. These studies, pioneering for French Guiana, though inspired by studies in the near Brazilian Amazon on terra preta/mulata or Amazonian Dark Earth, complement the repository of archaeological anthropogenic soils developed in the Amazon. Furthermore, they allowed several hypotheses about the origins of the activity markers, either direct or indirect, observed in the archaeological anthropogenic soils, and evidenced ancient human events that could have taken place on the sites studied. Fundamental activities such as house tires or the cultivation of the land appear to have taken place on the latter. Assumptions about the models of occupation of space have been proposed mainly by refuse areas behind the supposed houses and near the ditch in the case of the montagnes couronnées. This study is situated in an archaeo-environmental approach demonstrating the close relations between pre-Columbian populations with their environment
Odonne, Guillaume. "Approche ethnopharmacologique comparative des traitements phytothérapeutiques de la leishmaniose en Amazonie. Application aux communautés Chayahuita (Pérou) et du haut et moyen Oyapock (Guyane française)." Phd thesis, Université des Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00590977.
Full textImounga, Laure Manuella. "Contexte sanitaire et situation épidémiologique de la Guyane vis-à-vis des cancers : comparaisons infrarégionales, nationales, internationales et Spécificités Gastric cancer incidence and mortality in French Guiana: South American or French ? Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in French Guiana: temporal and spatial trends." Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0013.
Full textThe purpose of this study was to know the epidemiological situation of French Guiana with regard to cancer between 2005 and 2014 in terms of incidence and mortality, to study the evolution of these indicators, to compare them with those of mainland France for 2012 in order to highlight the specificities of French Guiana and then compare them with the Antilles and Latin America.The databases of the French Guiana Cancer Registry and CépiDC-INSERM identified 4,392 new cases and 1,305 cancer deaths in French Guiana between 2005 and 2014 and highlighted an excess incidence and mortality in men. The most frequent and fatal cancers in men over the 2005-2014 period, ranked by mortality were: prostate, lung, stomach, liver, colon-rectum and pancreas. In women, the most frequent and fatal cancers were breast, cervix, colon-rectum, lung, ovary, and cancer of the stomach.The analysis of incidence and mortality of all cancers showed that the epidemiological situation between 2005 and 2014 was more favorable overall in French Guiana than in mainland France in 2012. However, cancers and cancer deaths occur much earlier in French Guiana with younger median age of at diagnosis and at death than in France. In addition, the sex ratio was similar for incidence and lower in French Guiana than in France in terms of mortality, i.e. a smaller gap between men and women in French Guiana which suggests a more unfavorable situation among women in French Guiana than in France. Between 2005 and 2014 * (* 2012 for France), the incidence of all cancers declined in men and slightly increased in women in the two territories. Cancer mortality declined in men and slightly increased in women in French Guiana, while incidence and mortality both declined in mainland France. Certain cancers in French Guiana were on the rise compared to France (lung, colon-rectum, breast, thyroid, multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma).Through the spatial analyzes, we were able to show that French Guiana presented municipal disparities. In comparison with France, certain cancers were over-represented in terms of incidence and mortality (prostate, stomach, cervix, multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma with an inversion of the sex ratio for the latter location). The comparative analysis of these cancers with the West Indies and the countries of Latin America has shown similar epidemiological profiles according to the type of cancer and the region of the world considered. French Guiana often has a profile that resembles Latin America for cervical cancer and gastric cancer.These specificities reflect the many particularities of French Guiana: youth, social inequalities, ethnic composition, climate, greater sedentary lifestyle and obesity, lower consumption of alcohol and tobacco, deficiencies ... all factors that shape the risk of cancer.This study is in line with the requirements of the French Cancer Plan and its results could be used to implement actions for the prevention and therapeutic management of cancers in French Guiana. Further studies on the stage at diagnosis and survival of cancers seem important in order to have a broader overview of the epidemiological situation in French Guiana
Streit, Elisabeth Silvia. "Mycobactérium tuberculosis and non tuberculous Mycobacteria in the French Departments of the Americas and in the Caribbean : studying epidemiological aspects and transmission using molecular tools and database comparison." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0016/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at providing a better understanding of tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculousmycobacteria (NTM) in the Caribbean. TB is an ancient scourge of humanity and remains one ofthe deadliest infectious diseases today having claimed around 1.5 million lives in 2013.Understanding the epidemiology of TB is essential for optimizing regional TB control programs. Inthis context, the first part of this work provides long-term data on drug-resistance in Guadeloupe,Martinique and French Guiana as well as an insight in the genetic diversity and drug-resistance ofM. tuberculosis in twelve Caribbean territories. Encouragingly, the results show a gradual decreaseof drug-resistant TB in newly infected patients in Guadeloupe, Martinique and French Guiana. Onthe Caribbean level, distinct differences were observed from one territory to the next and thecurrent epidemiological landscape seems to reflect the historical past of the region.The second part addresses the phylogeny and evolution of M. tuberculosis using various geneticmarkers such as spoligotyping, large sequence polymorphism (LSP), single nucleotidepolymorphism (SNP), and MIRU-VNTRs. The suitability of 12-loci MIRU-VNTR profiles for use inphylogenetic studies was evaluated and it was found that this marker is not only able to resolvethe evolutionary relationships within the M. tuberculosis complex but also allows to achieve ahigher phylogenetic precision than spoligotyping. MIRU-VNTR also permits the identification ofon-going evolution in TB patients (in-patient microevolution) as well as mixed strain infections.Both phenomena were observed in our setting and the respective cases are described herein.Finally, a first insight in the diversity of NTM isolated from clinical specimen in Guadeloupe,Martinique and French Guiana is provided. The isolation frequency of some NTM species variedconsiderably between the three departments, the most striking example being the relativeabundance of M. intracellulare in Guadeloupe. However, no evidence of a privilegedenvironmental niche/infection source on this island could be found. Last but not least, the subjectof NTM identification is addressed in the form of a retrospective evaluation of hsp65-PRA basedidentification in a routine laboratory and in the form of a prospective study towards theimplementation of a MALDI-TOF MS based identification of NTM at the Pasteur Institute ofGuadeloupe
Angebault, Cécile. "Dynamique de la colonisation et émergence de microorganismes résistants au sein des flores commensales d'une population amérindienne vivant isolée en Guyane Française." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077162.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the dynamics of colonization of specific microorganisms and the emergence of resistance using the data of a project conducted over 4 years in an Amerindian tribe of Guiana. First, we focused on the dynamics of intestinal yeast colonization. We observed an unexpected colonization pattern with a high carriage prevalence. Most carriers were colonized with environmental yeasts whereas Candida albicans was rare. Our results may question the position of C. Albicans as a "normal" human commensal. A 2nd work focused on the intestinal colonization with extended-spectrum p-lactamase - producing enterobacteria (ESBL-E). The study evidenced an 8% ESBL-E carriage rate vs. 3% in 2000. This increase was concomitant with a 3-fold increase in the p-lactam consumption and highlighted how the community ESBL-E carriage is associated with antibiotic consumption. Third, we studied thé dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization. Overall carriage prevalence was high while persistent carriage prevalence was moderate. No epidemiological factors were associated with carriage but 3 genetic traits were associated. This suggests that host genetic might be determinant for S. Aureus nasal persistent carriage status. Last, we investigated the dynamics of nasal colonization with methicillin- resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). A high diversity of ccr and mec gene complex associations was observed. 25% of carriers were persistent carriers. No epidemiological factor was associated with persistent carriage. Our results might reflect the important role of the SCN-MR reservoir in the occurrence of SCCmec rearrangement
Laval, Pauline. "Captures estuariennes : une ethnoécologie de la pêche sur le bas Oyapock (frontière franco-brésilienne)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0012.
Full textFishing is based on various forms of social appropriation of aquatic environment. This thesis seeks to define them in the specific context of the Lower Oyapock, estuary of an Amazonian river delineating the border between French Guyana and Amapá state (Brazil). This estuary presents a high variety of aquatic ecosystems (streams, rivers, flooded forests, swamps, mangroves and sea) and is home of high diversity of plant and animal species (over 200 species are caught). The population of the Lower Oyapock forms a cultural melting-pot principally composed by Amerindians, Creoles and Brazilians, established in two towns and 40 villages. Moreover, the presence of a national park along the Brazilian coast and three indigenous lands imply a regulation of access to natural resources. In this context rich in ecological and cultural diversity, where emerge conflicts over fishing territories, this thesis proposes a reading of the dynamics of appropriation of aquatic resources. Results are based on ethnographic data collected from October 2012 to October 2014. They range from more than 70 interviews, 32 fishing trips observations, the inventory of fishing gear, the identification of 195 fishes species, and a study of local taxonomies. The study of fishers’ knowledge reveals a detailed expertise about the aquatic environments, notably their rhythms, and the animal ecology and behavior. Fishermen make an important variety of fishing equipment adapted to both species and spaces. Based on the way knowledge is shared, different fishermen’s groups are characterized and specialized according to the ecological conditions/features (savanna; river and forests; river mouth and sea). Creation of national parks, increasing controls of cross-border flows, urbanization and migration are all contemporary challenges the fishermen are confronting. In this context, three residents groups stand out: professional fishermen from Saint-Georges (French Guyana), those from Oiapoque (Brazil), and the Indigenous villagers from Uaçá (Brazil). These three groups aim to obtain an official recognition of their fishing territories in order to ensure long-term access. Engaged in various strategies, their success in the process hinges on the States’ consideration of their specificities
Laval, Pauline. "Captures estuariennes : une ethnoécologie de la pêche sur le bas Oyapock (frontière franco-brésilienne)." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0012/document.
Full textFishing is based on various forms of social appropriation of aquatic environment. This thesis seeks to define them in the specific context of the Lower Oyapock, estuary of an Amazonian river delineating the border between French Guyana and Amapá state (Brazil). This estuary presents a high variety of aquatic ecosystems (streams, rivers, flooded forests, swamps, mangroves and sea) and is home of high diversity of plant and animal species (over 200 species are caught). The population of the Lower Oyapock forms a cultural melting-pot principally composed by Amerindians, Creoles and Brazilians, established in two towns and 40 villages. Moreover, the presence of a national park along the Brazilian coast and three indigenous lands imply a regulation of access to natural resources. In this context rich in ecological and cultural diversity, where emerge conflicts over fishing territories, this thesis proposes a reading of the dynamics of appropriation of aquatic resources. Results are based on ethnographic data collected from October 2012 to October 2014. They range from more than 70 interviews, 32 fishing trips observations, the inventory of fishing gear, the identification of 195 fishes species, and a study of local taxonomies. The study of fishers’ knowledge reveals a detailed expertise about the aquatic environments, notably their rhythms, and the animal ecology and behavior. Fishermen make an important variety of fishing equipment adapted to both species and spaces. Based on the way knowledge is shared, different fishermen’s groups are characterized and specialized according to the ecological conditions/features (savanna; river and forests; river mouth and sea). Creation of national parks, increasing controls of cross-border flows, urbanization and migration are all contemporary challenges the fishermen are confronting. In this context, three residents groups stand out: professional fishermen from Saint-Georges (French Guyana), those from Oiapoque (Brazil), and the Indigenous villagers from Uaçá (Brazil). These three groups aim to obtain an official recognition of their fishing territories in order to ensure long-term access. Engaged in various strategies, their success in the process hinges on the States’ consideration of their specificities
Bannouri, Salma. "Consumption of Bias and Reptition as a Revisionary Strategies in Palace of the Peacock and in the Thought of Wilson Harris." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12555.
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