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Qian, Shanshan. "The Role of Guanxi in Chinese Entrepreneurship : A qualitative study on how Chinese entrepreneurs make use of guanxi networks during the development of micro firms." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-55840.
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Guanxi plays an important role in Chinese entrepreneurial networking activities, especially for micro entrepreneurial firms in China. Due to limited information and resources available to micro firms, micro firms are more dependent on entrepreneurs’ guanxi networks to get access to the necessary resources. Previous literatures have particularly discussed the impacts of guanxi networks for foreigners successfully doing business in China. Nevertheless, there are scant literatures that study on the role of the guanxi in Chinese entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the role of guanxi in Chinese entrepreneurship. This study employs the relevant guanxi concepts, Western social capital theory, and network-based entrepreneurship as the main conceptual framework to examine how Chinese entrepreneurs utilize their guanxi networks during the development of micro firms. Furthermore, this study is based on ten case studies in China. Empirical Data are collected from semi-structured interviews with ten Chinese entrepreneurs in micro firms. The results show that guanxi networks are highly important for Chinese entrepreneurs to develop their business. Firstly, Chinese entrepreneurs make use of different guanxi governance mechanisms--qinqing, renqing and jiaoqing to acquire different information and resources for the development of their firms. The obtained information and resources constitute the social capital, which can be used to complement insufficient capital within the firms. Secondly, Chinese entrepreneurs intentionally enlarge their guanxi network size to obtain more resources. Moreover, Chinese entrepreneurs benefit from strong guanxi ties and closure network structures to obtain the cohesive social capital. While Chinese entrepreneurs gain greater benefits from weak guanxi ties and spare network structures for acquiring additional information, resources and business opportunities. Thirdly, guanxi-networking activities are different from Western social networking activities, as guanxi-networking activities put more emphasize on keeping harmony and mutual reciprocity. Furthermore, Chinese entrepreneurs are proactive to build and maintain guanxi networks through various approaches for their business development. Lastly, even though guanxi networks play important roles in the development of micro entrepreneurial firms, they cannot be sustainable competitive advantage in the long term. Indeed, the core competences such as high quality of products and services, advanced technologies and marketing channels could be sustainable competitive advantages for the entrepreneurial firms in today’s increasingly fierce competitive market.
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Sibayan, Jerome Tan. "A network analysis of China’s Central Committee: a dynamical theory of policy networks." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15317.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Security Studies<br>David Graff<br>How does the social network structure of China’s Central Committee influence the direction and timing of intra-Party events, domestic policies, and foreign policies? How do changes in network structures explain specific patterns and propensities for policy change? The purpose of this study is to describe the social network structure of the Chinese Communist Party’s Central Committee from 1922 to 2011 and to explore the relationship between changes in the network and policy trends. This study draws on policy network theory, network dynamics, Veto Player Theory and Prospect Theory which together posit that dynamic network structural characteristics influence policy outcomes. I introduce a dynamical theory of policy networks and describe some observable implications. This mixed method analysis is based on a new network dataset and follows two major lines of investigation. A structured, focused comparison of case studies associates changes in the Central Committee’s network structure in 1969, 1978, 1982, and 1997 with consequent policy outcomes and demonstrates the explanatory power of the dynamical theory. Statistical analyses of China’s foreign policies (1949-1978 and 1984-1995) and China’s domestic policies (1984-1995) suggest the dynamical theory is generalizable. Changes in paramount leader and potential competitor centralities and Central Committee centralization are important causal factors explaining the timing and type of intra-Party, domestic, and foreign policies.
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Thu¨rmer, Leung Andrea. "Dragon business : how the traditional concept of ‘guanxi’ works in modern day China." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10283.
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There has been undoubtedly a rapid economic growth in China over the last few decades and globalization has affected many business practices in China. Therefore this study addressed the interesting question of how the traditional concept of ‘guanxi’ works in modern day China. This was investigated through the lived experiences and perceptions of how Hong Kong executives establish business relationships in China. This research is important because ‘guanxi’ has often been associated with the success factor of business practices in China. Through a qualitative research methodology this research found that the practices of ‘guanxi’ take a changing and integrated approach. While some elements including favours and benefits have changed to become more indirect, less materialistic and depend on trust, other elements like socializing, hierarchy and the long term orientation in a business context have decreased in importance. Further the different experiences in the government sector, different company size, geographic locations in China, as well as the emergence of a new generation, have shown that the formation of networks cannot be generalized, but take different approaches depending on the situation. The significance of this is that ‘guanxi’ is less important for large organizations and the new generation of Western influenced managers in China. Finally while experiences of ‘guanxi’ change, they take a more international perspective while maintaining some traditional elements such as face. This suggests that Chinese business practices combine and accept apparent opposite values of international and traditional practices.
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Upalanala, Ruangrit. "Gaining competitive advantage through developing social network (Guanxi) : empirical study in SME in Thailand." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3213/.
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In the Thailand market, many business practices and social life are closely interlinked through a complex network of social networks and relations, especially Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) where the business owner hold the decision-making role and has the authority to control the company, deals with others based not just on cost- benefit economic considerations alone but also intertwined with social relationships, personal and business contacts. With the ever-changing market conditions and high competitive nature of Small and Medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand, where there is approximately 2.28 million SMEs in year 2006 or comprising of 99.4 percent of enterprise in Thailand (Office of Small and Medium Enterprise Promotion OSMEP, 2006), this number is increasing every each year, resulting in a highly competitive business environment. Thus, this results in the need for a more elaborate and active network management and connection which play an important role in the promotion of the competitive advantage of the firm. The knowledge of network and the competitive advantage it brings is well recognised in the literature of business network. To a certain extent, the business networking in Thailand market, as with most other countries in Asia-Pacific region where there exist a Chinese-influenced society, is influenced from a Chinese business network called 'Guanxi', but major questions have not been addressed by the literatures about the nature and the parallel to the Chinese form of 'Guanxi', its effectiveness, practice and operations for gaining competitive advantage in specific business segments of the Thailand market. The original perspective of the research aimed to extend the knowledge in the area of 'Guanxi' and business network for practical contribution to the particular instance of SMEs in Thailand context. This perspective generated on adopting the key principles of Guanxi knowledge into local practice of Thai SMEs for gaining business competitive advantage, and achieved by identifying, examining and developing the framework for particular SMEs business in Thailand. The author's research methodological approach focuses on examining the existing 'Guanxi' framework of the process of 'Guanxi' development (initiating, building and using of 'Guanxi') and the `Guanxi' building framework of Trust (Xin) and Feeling (Qing), as a starting point to further extend its implication in the context of the particular SME in Thailand. The author employed the 'Interactionism' perspective as a philosophical stance for the research with the research strategy of 'case study research'.
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Bai, Minghan. "Exploring the Dynamics of Rumors on Social Media in the Chinese Context." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185146.
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Rumors always trigger public panic in China, while the advanced Internet technology has tremendously influenced the daily life of the Chinese. Thus, the dynamics of rumor spreading via the social media in China are worthwhile discussing. In order to fulfill the aim of this research, one of the prevalent Chinese social media sites, the Sina microblog, is introduced and analyzed within the context of the salt-buying frenzy incident that occurred in China in 2011. Various theoretical approaches, from the sociological and media studies perspectives, are introduced to form the framework for analysis. The relevant data and materials were collected via questionnaires with Chinese Internet users, while previous academic research and publications provide supportive materials. From the analysis of this social media site and contemporary Chinese circumstances, it was seen that the Guanxi network extended and enlarged the influence of online rumors to offline Chinese. In other words, the Guanxi network, expanded by social media, can be considered as the most important part of the dynamic process of rumor spreading in China. However, the openness and freedom of the Internet atmosphere were found to be the main factors in eliminating online rumors.
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Möllerström, Katarina. "Guanxi, Networking and Ownership Registrations. : a case study of entrepreneurs networking activities in the service sector in Shanghai, China’s most Western Market." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20652.
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China has blossomed from going from one of the poorest economies to a financial leader. The private consumption in China has grown 8,3% annually the last two decades. The dining out expenditures have grown 10,2%, and is an exciting market for foreign entrepreneurs to establish themselves in. Previous research has suggested that foreign Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises should join forces with a Chinese counterpart in order to get access to market experience and network contacts, in order to succeed in the Chinese market (Wilson and Brennan, 2003). Deng (2001) claims that the most popular investment vehicle Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise increases in popularity among all company sizes. This dissertation aims to investigate to which extent MSME foreign entrepreneurs use networking and guanxi, depending on ownership registration. A qualitative research method was used with an abductive approach and an interpretivist research philosophy to explore this phenomenon. The results of this thesis show that foreign entrepreneurs can start up successfully both as WFOEs and JVs. WFOEs and JVs share many of the same contacts, but networking activities and usage of guanxi has some influencing factors. The Registration Status of company influence strategic networking decisions, the perception and expectation of the nature and benefits of guanxi and perceived necessity of gift giving also affected the networking activities. JV owners perceive guanxi contacts to be necessary to succeed in China and finds cultivation and utilization of it to be beneficial. Entrepreneurs who establish Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises both use and have a more “Western” approach to social networking, and almost exclusively don’t have guanxi contacts. The Investment Vehicle Network Scheme shows that JVs have more complex networks than WFOE, since they receive Chinese guanxi and networking contacts through their partners. The Guanxi Network Ownership Model shows the network intensity during the startup phases of the companies. The research also indicates that guanxi smoothens out the start-up process for the entrepreneurs who enter JVs.
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Liu, Dan, and Yanwei Fu. "Swedish Cleantech Opportunities in China : From a Business Network Perspective." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71006.
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The emerging cleantech market in China will bring new business opportunities for Swedish cleantech SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). In such an internationalization process, business network building is an important approach that Swedish entrepreneurs should consider about. Guanxi is a culture pattern in China and plays important role in business of Chinese context. The purpose of the thesis is to find how business network and guanxi affect on Swedish SMEs’ internationalization, especially their business with China in the cleantech industry. Based on market information from pre-study, four propositions connected with business network and guanxi are generated for Swedish SMEs in their business with China. Later, four cases are selected to match raised propositions for deeper analysis. By the theory of guanxi and business network internationalization, each proposition and case gives a specific view to analyze and understand this topic from an explorative way. Several conclusions are drawn by the analysis. First, guanxi plays an important role in network building for China market, and the native Chinese can provide great help in such a guanxi building process. Second, the business network can bring valuable information and business opportunities for Swedish SMEs in their business with China. Third, it is beneficial for Swedish cleantech SMEs to cooperate with Chinese state owned companies in their business network. Fourth, Chinese local SMEs cannot gain competitive advantage by guanxi building because the foreign competitors can copy or imitate with proper strategy to learn the skill to connect with Chinese people in the market.
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Englund, Jenny, Andrea Merker, and Martina Ölund. "Made in Kalmar : A Case Study about the Fanerdun Establishment in Kalmar." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-675.
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<p>The Swedish town Kalmar suffered from economic cutbacks during the 1990’s and many local companies left the region resulting in a decrease in population. Local authorities therefore set goals of regional development and an economic turn was thought to come with foreign investments.</p><p>Fanerdun is one of the Chinese firms recently interested in investing in the Swedish market, more specifically in Kalmar. Its business idea is to build a convention centre where ap-proximately 1000 Chinese suppliers will sell light industry products to companies in the Baltic Sea region and Northern Europe.</p><p>The establishment process is of value to study since the economically strained Kalmar region managed to attract such a large investment and Fanerdun’s reasons behind its choice of location for the establishment are not apparent. The purpose of this thesis is to answer the questions why and how the convention centre was realised in Kalmar. Both given and cre-ated factors are taken into account.</p><p>To fulfil the purpose, a case study using a qualitative method with an abductive approach was used. Primary data was collected through interviews with different involved actors to give a complete picture from various perspectives. This approach is referred to as triangula-tion and was also present in the frame of reference. Three different theory fields; regional network, internationalisation and guanxi were appropriate to describe the complexity of the establishment process.</p><p>The conclusion includes the given and created factors that led to Fanerdun’s establishment in Kalmar. The given factors are; location in Europe and the Baltic Sea region, low corporate tax, low investment costs, infrastructure capabilities and small town advantage. From the analysis, created factors became clear. One common feature found to be a central factor was relationships between people, organisations and regions. From Kalmar’s perspective, the regional network anticipation explains why the establishment was realised. To answer how, the three developing regional networks; Changxing-Kalmar, Baltic Sea region and Kalmar region itself together played essential roles. From Fanerdun’s perspective, why and how Kalmar was chosen as location for its international establishment is interlinked. Different internationalisation drives were characterised by commitment, shared knowledge and mu-tual dependency between Fanerdun and Kalmar representatives. The presence of guanxi, a Chinese concept of relationship cultivation, was a specific aspect for the realisation of the convention centre.</p>
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Ma, Victor Kee Kin. "Success factors for new business start-up in Hong Kong: a study of the external networks of small business start-up." Curtin University of Technology, Graduate School of Business, Curtin Business School, 2009. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=129026.
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Most small new firms face problems in surviving the gestation process and achieving a viable performance thereafter because of the very fact of their smallness and newness. Due to a lack of internal resources, entrepreneurs of small new firms find it necessary to seek resources from outside the firm through their external social network. The theory of social capital that prescribes valuable resources are embedded in social relations is, thus, particularly relevant to the small business start-up situation. The embedded resources within an external network are hypothesized to have a positive impact on the business performance of these new firms. The main objective of the present study is to empirically investigate the impact of external networks, and in particular the initial social network of entrepreneurs, to the success of small firm start-up in Hong Kong. The second objective is to determine whether there is any interaction effect of the entrepreneur’s networking capability with the external network structure on the start-up success of small Hong Kong firms.<br>To carry out the research, this study offers a conceptual model linking initial network start-up success to initial network structure of start-up, and including an interaction effect from the entrepreneur’s networking capability. The study operationalizes social capital in four types of network constructs: network size, trustworthiness, network support and network diversity. A series of hypotheses relating to these four dimensions asserting external network determinants of the start-up success of small firms is posited. Other hypotheses which assert the interaction effect between an entrepreneur’s networking capability and the initial network structure on the success of small firm start-up, are also posited. A field survey, administered to 1,000 small Hong Kong firms of various industries, is used to gather the data. The questionnaire survey was developed in two languages – Chinese and English – to ensure a good level of understanding in the bilingual business environment of Hong Kong. Of the 1,000 questionnaires dispatched, a final sample of 89 small firms was used to empirically test the hypotheses using multiple regression analysis and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. Control variables such as entrepreneurs’ experiences and education prior to the firm start-up are included.<br>Empirical results indicate that the verification of social capital theory’s prescription for start-up success cannot be supported unequivocally. The results suggest that some initial network conditions such as initial size of strong tie network, network support and network diversity are positively associated with some measures of start-up success, but trustworthiness of network ties and the size of weak tie network do not figure among them. No evidence is found to support that entrepreneurs’ networking capability can positively enhance the effect of the initial network structure on start-up success. Overall, the study raises some questions on the positive linear relationship of certain operationalized constructs such as network size and trustworthiness of social capital with start-up success. Following the findings of this research, future studies may choose to further investigate social capital theory on small start-up success by refining the operationalization of social capital, and verify other interaction effects of entrepreneurs’ networking capabilities.
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Gao, Hongmei. "The invisible handshake interpreting the job-seeking communication of foreign-born chinese in the U.S. /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001058.
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Ionescu, Vivianne, and Victor Öman. "Building Bridges : How Swedish managers develop and nurture relationships to non-business actors in China." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448321.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to extend the knowledge on how Swedish companies canbecome more embedded in the Chinese market by building relationships with political actors. Research question: How do Swedish managers develop and maintain relations with politicalactors in China, and how do they perceive the outcomes from such relations? Method: Qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. Results: The results of the study shows that managers initially use local middlemen orconsultancies to get in contact with political actions. Further, they participate in variousactivities to build upon and develop that relationship, something that is argued by therespondents to be more time-consuming and extensive than in western countries. The outcomeof having these relationships is that firm could gain a competitive edge and the managers tobecome more efficient in their role. Contribution: This study contributes with additional research to the Extended BusinessNetwork and relationship building with non-business actors in China from a Swedishmanagerial perspective.
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Pan, Grace Wen, and n/a. "Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia." Griffith University. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040719.110427.
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The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.
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Chen, Lin. "Proper Guanxi network a business essential for western firms in China : a dissertation [thesis] submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Business, July 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.
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Xu, Guang [Verfasser]. "In-Network Processing Algorithms for Cooperative Networks / Guang Xu." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206855789/34.
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Zhu, Kejia. "Guanxi with government officials in China's private sector /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202006%20ZHU.
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Weeks, Patricia Anne. "Guanxi, Networks and Economic Development: The Impact of Cultural Connections." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4851.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanics of guanxi in an organizational setting, focusing on the use of interpersonal relationships within Chinese firms to discover how firms initiate, build and use guanxi networks. Two richly detailed case studies document changes that take place over time in two distinct networks with respect to key actors and their contacts. This research also investigates patterns of social structure that emerge over time in these two distinct cases looking at brokerage relationships, network density, and dyadic redundancy in three waves at six month intervals. The cases are dissimilar in all aspects except absolute size demonstrating the universal use of guanxi across time, geographic location, specific industries, and firm experience. Dynamic network visualization is used to highlight the sequence and rate of activity in each network to identify salient changes.
The findings show that firms seek to improve their organizational guanxi by improving existing employees' guanxi quality within the firm and by recruiting new actors from outside the firm. Additionally, firms use organizational guanxi to expand their networks by forming cooperative partnerships with complementary organizations that enhance the attributes or potential of both organizations. And finally, firms initially exploit brokerage in organizational guanxi, then attempt to stabilize the network by fostering new ties to exclusive contacts.
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Nojonen, Matti. "Guanxi : the Chinese third arm /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0716/2007462330.html.
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Li, Xiaobei Organisation & Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "Guanxi in Inter-firm relationship management in China." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Organisation and Management, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30380.
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The interaction of the personnel boundary in inter-firm relationship management is viewed as particularistic in China instead of universalistic as in many Western cultures. Specifically, guanxi networks, the Chinese system of inter-personal relationship, have strong strategic implications for business interactions. The practices of guanxi and the social norms associated with guanxi are complicated. On the one hand, guanxi practices can be traced back to Confucianism; on the other hand, guanxi???s significance has been changing in line with China???s economic reform. In this research, we have attempted to find what presently constitutes good guanxi in inter-firm relationship management against this dynamic backdrop. Additionally, from the transaction cost economies (TCE) perspective, we provide an analysis that guanxi-based business practices offer transaction cost advantages as an alternative to market-based practices. We argue that such advantages partially result from guanxi???s effect on the reduction of opportunist behaviors. Backed up by 97 questionnaire responses from firms in Shanghai and 15 semi-structured interviews, our study confirms that, in inter-firm relationships management, trust, affection and long-term orientation are features of close guanxi. To enhance guanxi quality, familiarization by self-disclosure and the presence of mutual benefits are also necessary, providing practical implications for business practitioners in China. Our study also indicates that guanxi business partners are expected to be obligational in business and flexible in contingencies. Opportunistic behaviors can be mitigated by adopting guanxi practices, supporting the TCE logic. In an absence of a rationalized legal system, guanxi may fill the gaps in the enforcement of the written contract.N
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Tavares, Diogo Raimundo Filipe. "The relevance of Guanxi networks for INV start business in China? A case study approach." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6114.
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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais<br>In the last two decades the business world has been quaked by a new type of enterprises, the International New Ventures (INVs). And it has been dazed as well by
the swift emergence of a new economic key player: China. Small companies that
internationalize almost since inception are growing steadily and comprising all business
scopes throughout the world. These companies lack resources and the means to obtain them, so theirs entrepreneurs will rely on networks to access resources and new
opportunities. In China networking is especially imperative, where guanxi is more than a business tool, it’s in fact a way of living. Chinese rely on guanxi for all social aspects of their lives and there is a special etiquette while applying and conducting guanxi. This dissertation’s central question is the importance of guanxi for foreign countries doing business in China, and in order to answer it, a multi-case study approach was followed,composed by four INVs whose business scope are different from each other. Results showed that guanxi was vital for the formation of the business, it was the network developed in China that allowed the entrepreneurs to found their own
companies. Half of the interviewees agreed guanxi is ethically reprehensible, due to
the promiscuity and collusion it creates within the economy. Very important is the fact that all four companies are extremely dependent on guanxi to proceed with their daily operations, and regard guanxi as essential for the future evolution of the company inside China. Overall, guanxi is essential for foreign companies identify, maintain and enhance business in China.<br>Nas últimas duas décadas, o mundo empresarial tem sido revolucionado por um novo tipo de empresas, as International New Ventures (INVs). Outro acontecimento que tem
deslumbrado o mundo é a rápida emergência de um novo interveniente económico: a China. A internacionalização de pequenas empresas aquando da sua fundação está a aumentar firmemente , e abrange praticamente todos os sectores económicos. Estas mesmas empresas dispõem de poucos recursos, e os empreendedores tentam recorrer a redes de contactos para aceder a recursos e oportunidades de negócio. Na China, a utilização de redes de contactos é especialmente imperativa, onde o guanxi é
mais do que uma ferramenta de negócio, mas uma forma de viver. O povo chinês depende do guanxi em todos os aspectos da sua vida e uma determinada etiqueta social é necessária enquanto se aplica e conduz guanxi. A questão central desta dissertação é a importância do guanxi para as empresas estrangeiras que façam negócios na China, e de maneira a responder adequadamente á questão foi elaborado um estudo de vários casos, composto por quatro INVs cujas áreas de negócio são diferentes umas das outras.
Os resultados mostram que o guanxi foi essencial para a formação das empresas, e
foi a rede de contactos que os empreendedores desenvolveram na China que permitiu a criação das mesmas. Metade dos entrevistados concordaram que o guanxi é
eticamente condenável, dada a presumível promiscuidade e conluio que provoca na
economia. Um facto muito importante é o de que as quatro empresas foram, e são,
extremamente dependentes do guanxi para a manutenção das suas operações diárias, e consideram o guanxi como fulcral para a futura evolução das suas empresas na China.
Concluindo, o guanxi é fundamental para as empresas estrangeiras identificarem,manterem e melhorarem os seus negócios na China.
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Huang, Jin. "Les réseaux personnels dans la Chine urbaine : une enquête à Chongqing." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20006/document.
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Comparativement à la somme des travaux accumulés dans les pays occidentaux, les recherches sur les réseaux personnels sont encore rares en Chine, malgré l’importance des relations interpersonnelles dans ce pays. La recherche présentée dans cette thèse avait pour objectif de répondre aux questions suivantes : est-il possible de transposer dans une ville chinoise une méthode complexe d’analyse de réseaux personnels utilisée entre autres à San Francisco et à Toulouse? Etant donné le poids important des familles dans la vie sociale de ce pays, observe-t-on des spécificités fortes dans la structure et la composition des réseaux personnels, ou au contraire, assiste-t-on à une convergence des structures relationnelles (du moins dans les couches sociales moyennes et en milieu urbain) avec celles observées dans les pays occidentaux ? Au-delà, comment les caractéristiques des réseaux sont-elles liées aux situations sociales des enquêtés (sexe, âge, niveau d’études, etc.) ?La thèse repose sur une enquête originale effectuée auprès d’une population des couches moyennes urbaines de Chongqing en 2014-2015 en adaptant la méthode des générateurs de noms qui avait été utilisée à San Francisco et Toulouse. Les résultats de l'enquête de Chongqing sont suffisamment cohérents avec les enquêtes prises comme exemple pour convaincre de la faisabilité de ces comparaisons. Cependant, ces résultats montrent également des différences. A Chongqing, les enquêtés ne citent pas plus de membres de la famille que dans les autres enquêtes, mais ils les citent en priorité pour la plupart des questions. Si le niveau d’études est le facteur qui explique le mieux les variations de la taille des réseaux personnels dans les enquêtes de San Francisco et de Toulouse, la profession et le revenu sont plus importants à Chongqing<br>Compared to the sum of work accumulated in Western countries, research on personal networks is still rare in China, despite the importance of interpersonal relations in this country. The research presented in this thesis was aimed at answering the following questions: Is it possible to transpose a complex method of analysis of personal networks used in San Francisco and Toulouse to a Chinese city? Given the higher importance of families in the social life of this country, do we observe strong specificities in the structure and composition of personal networks, or on the contrary, there is a convergence of relational structures (at least in the middle social strata and in urban areas) with those observed in Western countries ? Beyond that, how are the characteristics of the networks linked to the social situations of the respondents (gender, age, level of education, etc.) ?The thesis is based on an original survey of a population of urban middle classes in Chongqing in 2014-15 by adapting the name generator method that was used in San Francisco and Toulouse. The results of the Chongqing survey are sufficiently consistent with the surveys taken as an example to convince the feasibility of these comparisons. However, these results also show differences. In Chongqing, respondents did not cite more family members than in other surveys, but they cited them as a priority for most questions. While education is the factor that best accounts for the variation in the size of personal networks in the San Francisco and Toulouse surveys, occupation and income are more significant in Chongqing
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Lee, Yu-Hsuan. "Creative networks in Guanxi Land : a study of social networking related to Shanghai Expo 2010." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2007. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/303/.
Full textAbstract:
Entering the twentieth-first century, post-Mao China continues its considerable transformation. The central theme of this research lies in the examination of social networking through a case study of Shanghai Expo 2010. It is an analysis of the forms of networking in the formation of Shanghai as a global city. The overall question is: To what extent will China be able to enter the global network economy whilst maintaining its emphasis on hierarchical decision-making and central control? This concerns the role of the social in the preparation of Shanghai Expo 2010, with a particular focus on creative networks. The notion of creative networks, which was a starting point for this thesis, is theoretically understood as creative people who are specialists in rather privileged contexts involved with the new economy. The analysis of creative networks is framed in a dialectic relationship between agents (the researcher) and the structure within which they act. Ultimately, however, this thesis problematises the notion of creative networks as they are generally understood in Western urban cultures, providing a reflexive perspective with a focus on people and subjectivities, practices of networking, and socially embeddedness. In addition to an analysis of documents and histories, the main methodology is ethnographic. The aim was to gain access to the creative networks related to Expo 2010. But this proved extremely difficult. Due to access problems, I aim to develop an argument about two rather different networking logics: on the one hand the Western oriented 'creative networks' and, on the other hand, the specific Chinese guanxi. Creative networks show a more open social system comprised of open, inclusive, reflexive and fluid networks. Guanxi represents a closed social system that is conditioned by traditionally hierarchical networks of family and the state. The research ultimately demonstrates how these two types of networking work differently.
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Gu, Fang Flora. "Three studies on business-to-business relations effects of fairness, guanxi, and national animosity on firm performance in China /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3625342X.
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Koh, Yee Sing. "Weaving the right guanxi : a study of the role of social networks in the job search process in Hong Kong /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202002%20KOH.
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Schiavini, Janaina Mortari. "Superando a liability of outsidership na china: a experiência das empresas brasileiras no desenvolvimento do guanxi." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4649.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In light of the discussions about the internationalization of firms and the challenges inherent in this process, several theories emerged seeking to understand the
critical factors for the
success of organizations in the foreign market. A recent theoretical approach argues that the
main barriers in the internationalization
process
are related to the burden of being out of
international networking, ie, the
y
face
the
so
-
called
liability
o
f
outsidership
. Considering the
importance of China for the trade balance of Brazil, the presence of 44.4% of Brazilian
multinationals in Asia, and the complexity of business relationships in China (
guanxi
), this
study aims to investigate how Brazilian com
panies operating in China develop
guanxi
as a
way
to overcome the liability of outsidership. For this,
it was
developed a
descriptive
research
with
qualitative nature, and performed a multiple case study in four Brazilian companies that
operate in the serv
ices sector,
being
two law firms and two trading companies,
with a
subsidiary
in China. The observation units
involved
professionals who had more experience
in driving the company's business
in
China.
Th
e
information was collected through semi
-
structured interviews explored in depth. To
analyze
the data,
it was
opted to content analysis,
with the
help
of
the
software
NVivo 8.0. The results show: (1) the motivations
of the firms for
the
internationalization
in China; (2)
the difficulties arising from
the liability of outsidership;
(3) the im
portance and benefits of
guanxi
;
(4) the activities for the development of
guanxi
;
and (5) the exper
ience
of
the
companies developing
guanxi
according to
the model of
Chen
&
Chen (2004). It is hoped that this
research
will contribute to knowledge generation
about
the
internationalization of Brazilian companies to China.<br>À luz das discussões sobre internacionalização de empresas e os desafios inerentes à este processo, diversas teorias emergiram buscando compreender os fatores críticos para o sucesso das organizações no mercado estrangeiro. Uma recente abordagem teórica defende que as principais barreiras no processo de internacionalização estão relacionadas ao ônus de estar fora das redes de relacionamento internacionais, ou seja, enfrentam a chamada liability of outsidership. Considerando a relevância da China para a balança comercial do Brasil, a presença de 44,4% das multinacionais brasileiras na Ásia, e a complexidade das relações de negócios na China (guanxi), este estudo se propôs a investigar como as empresas brasileiras que operam na China desenvolvem guanxi como meio de superar a liability of outsidership. Para isso, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo e natureza qualitativa, sendo realizado um estudo de casos múltiplos em quatro empresas brasileiras que atuam no setor de serviços, sendo dois escritórios de advocacia e duas tradings, que possuem filial na China. As unidades de observação compreenderam os profissionais que possuíam mais experiência na condução dos negócios da empresa com a China. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas exploradas em profundidade. Para o tratamento dos dados, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software NVivo 8.0. Os resultados obtidos identificaram: (1) as motivações das empresas na internacionalização para a China; (2) as dificuldades enfrentadas decorrentes da liability of outsidership; (3) a importância e os benefícios do guanxi; (4) as atividades realizadas para o desenvolvimento do guanxi; e (5) a experiência das empresas no desenvolvimento do guanxi à luz do modelo de Chen e Chen (2004). Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para geração de conhecimento sobre a internacionalização das empresas brasileiras para a China.
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Gu, Fang Flora, and 顧芳. "Three studies on business-to-business relations: effects of fairness, guanxi, and national animosity on firmperformance in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3625342X.
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Zhang, Xian. "Family ownership and business performance of unlisted Chinese family firms : the mediating roles of hybrid governance mechanisms and guanxi networks." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683095.
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Lou, Weiqun, and 樓瑋群. "Stress and mental health of secondary school students in Shanghai: the effects of collectivism and Guanxi." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29803809.
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Rühle, Susanne [Verfasser], Tamás [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauer, and Bertram [Akademischer Betreuer] Schefold. "Guanxi Capitalism in China: the role of private enterprises and networks for economic development / Susanne Rühle. Gutachter: Tamas Bauer ; Bertram Schefold." Frankfurt am Main : Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1044772077/34.
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Martins, Susana Rachel da Costa Severino. "Guanxi network :an exploratory study on its importance and potential development in mainland China." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10250.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study is to understand how important guanxi is for the business development of enterprises, located in mainland China, and what its potential future tendencies may be. This study analyses how guanxi plays a role in business development, focusing specifically on: its importance; the reasons for its use; the relationship between guanxi base and guanxi network; and an explanation of its progress and potential future role, within mainland China.
Detailed and personal interviews were carried out with senior managers working in mainland China. The study’s sample consisting of thirteen senior business development managers working for different enterprises in various sectors.
Motives for justifying use of guanxi have become more sophisticated, due to changes in the Chinese mindset and a gradual institutional shift in mainland China. Social networking is re-defining the limits of guanxi network and as a result, business relationships are easily built and the exchange of information, with Chinese business professionals, who have not established a prior physical business relationship, has increased. Unethical guanxi practice is filtering out of the contemporary guanxi network as a result of China’s improved institutions.<br>O objetivo deste estudo é compreender a importância de guanxi para o desenvolvimento de negócio das empresas localizadas na China continental, e quais serão as suas possíveis tendências futuras. Este estudo analisa como guanxi desempenha uma função no desenvolvimento de negócios, com especial foco na sua importância, nas razões para o seu uso, na relação entre a base guanxi e rede guanxi, e uma explicação do seu progresso e potencial futuro papel, dentro da China continental.
Entrevistas detalhadas e pessoais foram realizadas com gerentes sénior que exercem a sua actividade na China continental. A amostra do estudo foi composta por treze gerentes sénior de desenvolvimento de negócios, a trabalhar para diferentes empresas, em diversos setores.
Motivos para justificar a utilização de guanxi tornaram-se mais sofisticados, devido às mudanças na mentalidade chinesa e a uma mudança institucional gradual na China continental. A rede social está a redefinir os limites da rede guanxi e, como resultado, as relações comerciais são facilmente construídas e a troca de informações, que não tenham estabelecido uma relação de negócios física antes, com profissionais de negócios chineses, tem vindo a aumentar. Prática guanxi antiético está a filtrar-se para fora da rede guanxi contemporânea, como resultado das melhores estruturas das instituições chinesas.
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Wei, ShuChen, and 魏緒誠. "The Linking Between Market Orientation and Guanxi Network." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/de8x8y.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>東海大學<br>企業管理學系碩士班<br>90<br>Abstract
In the past, western management scholars in the field of relationship marketing did not discuss much about guanxi network and guanxi based on crossculture. As well, there are not many studies discussing about the effect of guanxi to operational performance in eastern society. Guanxi is a quite important factor of social element in eastern society, ba- sed on the viewpoint of market orientation and the effect of environmental, to establish that guanxi is an important factor to affect operational performance. Because guanxi alw- ays can be an important source to obtain the marketing channel and sustainable compete- nce advantage. Thus, the meaning of guanxi is a strong bridge between supplier and buy- er to obtain the benefit continuity.
This study classify guanxi into emotional guanxi and instrumental guanxi to discuss which kind supplier would choose. Besides, because of the guanxi''s value uniqueness, scaricity, and difficulty to estimate.This study also further to discusses the effect of oper- ational performance after the guanxi was constructed. The following are the primary find- ings：
1. When the extent of interfunctional coordination between suppliers and buyers are higher, suppliers tend to construct emotional guanxi and instrumental guanxi with buyer.
2. When the market turbulence and technology turbulence increase, the suppliers and buyers tend to build a emotional guanxi but not instrumental guanxi.
3. The construction of emotional guanxi would be auxiliary for market performance, but the construction of instrumental guanxi would be auxiliary for profitability.
Keyword：Guanxi、Guanxi Network、Market Orientation、Environmental Turbulence
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Chen, Kuan-Yu, and 陳冠羽. "The Linkage of Strategic Orientation, Entry Barriers and Guanxi-Network." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38402052986173227911.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>東海大學<br>企業管理學系碩士班<br>90<br>In Chinese society, guanxi is a cultural characteristic that has important implications. It has been pervasive in every aspect of Chinese social and organizational activities. As guanxi between cooperation of Buyers and Sellers, Buyers and Sellers will utilize the different guanxi base on respective position of the task environment, and different guanxi will affect the benefits of firms. Therefore, this study is about the antecedent and consequence of utilization of guanxi. In this study, the antecedent includes strategic orientation, entry barriers and interorganizational relationship. The consequence includes firm benefit and transaction cost.
The research sample includes the high-tech corporations and the traditional corporations in Taiwan. In this study, 339 questionnaires were sent. 17.1% of all questionnaires were returned. In research method, this study used factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression analysis to test the hypothesis. The following are the primary conclusions:
1. The buyer that adopts technological orientation will tend to utilize expressive ties with the primary supplier. The buyer that adopts market orientation will tend to utilize instrumental ties with the primary supplier.
2. The buyer that faces the product differentiation will tend to utilize expressive ties and instrumental ties with the primary supplier.
3. The buyer that faces the switching cost will not tend to utilize expressive ties with the primary supplier.
4. The buyer that has strong level of trust and commitment on their primary supplier will tend to utilize expressive ties and instrumental ties all with the primary supplier.
5. The buyer can acquire the organizational benefit if the buyer utilizes the expressive ties and instrumental ties with the primary supplier.
6. The buyer can decrease the behavior uncertainty and environment uncertainty if the buyer utilizes the expressive ties.
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Cameron, Lynda. "Guanxi and gift exchange: a study of reciprocity within business relationships in contemporary China." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3747.
Full textAbstract:
Conditions that underlie contracts and cooperative agreements in business take different forms in different parts of the world. This research investigates the nature, structure and content of those informal relations that lie outside the formal contractual relations in the business community in contemporary China. Specifically, it addresses the role of gift giving in business relations, including the practical and cultural implications. This is a worldwide phenomenon, but my focus is on the relationships known in China as guanxi. Building and managing guanxi includes the exchange of gifts, therefore, discerning whether these exchanges are artefacts of the past or are rational and logical today is crucial. I argue that offering a gift symbolizes the desire to have cooperation within a close trusting relationship. Using an historical anthropological approach I present a systematic examination of pre collected data. The analysis looks for patterns to answer the following questions: What role, if any, does gift exchange play in creating guanxi relationships of trust that include reciprocal obligations? What role does guanxi play in China’s growing economy? I hypothesize that in the context of uncertainty in business it is important to be able to trust the person with whom one has business relationships. The research shows that gift exchanges create an atmosphere of trust that is time-and cost-efficient. Therefore, gift exchange has a rational motivation and facilitates advantageous business transactions within a guanxi relationship. Guanxi management is an important part of business strategy. This research will lead to a deeper understanding of the differences and similarities in contemporary business as it is practiced, both globally and locally, by people with different cultural backgrounds.<br>Graduate
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Liou, Ming-Shin, and 柳明鑫. "The Discussion of Subsidiary Initiative and Performance through Network Perspective、Guanxi Perspective." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65975208244044521390.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>國際企業學系碩士班<br>91<br>Subsidiary initiative is a new research issue, but its content are more and more concerned by both industry and academic. This paper wants to investigate the influence of the network perspective、guanxi perspective and top manager team on initiative, and furthermore the initiative mediates the relationship between network perspective、guanxi perspective and top manager team and subsidiary performance.
The study reveals the following significant relationships:
1.Subsidiary initiative has a strong positive impact
on subsidiary performance.
2.Centrality, structural equlivance, business community
gunaxi and governmental guanxi have strong positive
impact on subsidiary initiative.
3.Top manager team has no impact on subsidiary initiative.
4.subsidiary initiative is a mediator in network
perspective, guanxi perspective and subsidiary
performance.
Finally, we also draw upon some suggestions for management implication and few academic implications for the future research.
34
CHEN, PO-CHANG, and 陳柏彰. "The Study of Social Ability and Work Achievement：The Mediating Effect of Guanxi Network." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9usprj.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄應用科技大學<br>財富與稅務管理系碩士在職專班<br>106<br>This study examined the influence of social competence on job success, and explored whether there were mediating effects and impacts in relationship networks. This study adopted the context of social competence, relationship networks, and work achievement perspectives, constructed a theoretical model to explore the impacts of the potential variables, and collected research data through questionnaires. In the conceptual framework of this study, social skills included empathy and social skills. The relationship network consisted of four potential variables: network orientation, network category, associated strengths, and network reputation. The people from the military, education, travel and lodging industry, real estate construction industry, service industry, finance and insurance industry, and other industries were used by this study as the research subjects, and 412 research objects were used for data collection. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to develop the facet measurement scales. In order to explore the relationship between potential variables, this study used linear structural equations to verify pattern fit and research hypotheses. In addition, regression analysis was used to explore the mediating effects of relationship networks. Finally, variance analysis was adopted to analyze the differences of people with various backgrounds regarding social competence, relationship networks, and work achievement. The empirical results showed that empathy contributed to the formation of social skills; social skills had significantly positive impact on the relationship network; the relationship network had significantly positive impact on job achievements; and the relationship network had significantly positive mediating effects between social skills and work achievements. In terms of the differences in the work achievements of people of different backgrounds, the work achievements of married research objects were significantly higher than the single research objects. The work achievements of the research objects with children were significantly higher than the research objects without children. The work accomplishments of the research objects of managerial positions were obviously higher than that of the non-administrative research objects. The work achievements of the research objects of business owners were obviously higher than the research objects who were not business owners. The more the times of entertainment (party, meal, etc.) per month, the higher the work achievement. The higher the average annual income, the higher the work achievement. The work achievements of the subjects who needed to drink alcohol at a dinner party were obviously higher than that of the subjects who did not need to drink during a dinner party. The higher the drinking capacity, the higher the work achievement. The work achievements of the research objects who participated in the community were obviously higher than the research objects that did not participate in the community. The people who paid for most of the entertainment occasions had higher work achievements. The empirical analysis results of this study can help to understand the relationships among social competence, relationship networks, and work achievements.
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Chiang, Meng-Ta, and 江孟達. "Human Capital and Entrepreneurial Success of Creative Entrepreneurs：The mediating role of Guanxi Network." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28357164926757712503.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>103<br>As deeply embedded in Chinese culture, Chinese entrepreneurs aggressively develop and maintain their guanxi networks as a strategic tool to gain competitive advantages, valuable resources, and opportunities. Although much empirical evidence has shown that entrepreneurs’ guanxi behaviors have profound impacts on new venture performance, little attention has been paid to understand how entrepreneurs’ human capital may strengthen their guanxi networks. Therefore, we attempt to investigate how creative entrepreneurs’ human capital influences their career success and new venture performance through enriching guanxi networks. This paper focuses on Taiwan’s creative industries. Through testing 133 creative entrepreneurs, we examined the effects of three dimensions of entrepreneurial human capital including work experience, entrepreneurial experience, education on firm performance and entrepreneurial career success with the mediating effect of guanxi networks, including family ties, business ties, community ties and government ties. Results reveal that entrepreneurs’ human capital indeed impacts new venture performance and their career success through affecting guanxi networks. Remarkably, both business ties and government ties are found to benefit from entrepreneurial experience and educational level, whereas prior work experience of entrepreneurs shows no significant effect on improving guanxi networks.
36
Jan, Jung-Han, and 詹忠翰. "cultural characteristics of Chinese social network - guanxi of the conflict between supply chain members." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08581000646732244715.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系<br>100<br>China's economy is rapidly developed in last two decades. For companies who set up factories in mainland, cost reduction, profit increasing and knowledge sharing are significant issues to be competitive. Cultural conflict affects business performance and further causes business failure. Theory of conflict management without considering the cultural differences does not apply for cross-cultural enterprises. We thus propose a localized conflict management model that take cultural factors into account and have it verified with field studies on Taiwanese firm in mainland china. Results of this research show that localized conflict management model for cross-cultural enterprise management has increased the effectiveness and thus can be applied in other cross- national cases.
37
Wei-HsuChen and 陳韋旭. "The Relationship among Entrepreneurship、Guanxi Network and Organizational Performance－A Case of Managers in Southern Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14860107308273902430.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>企業管理學系碩博士班<br>98<br>Taiwan has created economic miracle by vigorous entrepreneurship and welcoming environment. Entrepreneurship is an important factor for enterprises to grow and innovate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship of managers and organizational performance, as well as the moderating of guanxi network on the relationship.
A Total of 283 questionnaires were distributed to managers of organizations in southern Taiwan. The effective response rate of was about 50%. Structural Equation Model was used to examine the hypotheses. The results suggest that innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness, and autonomy are the significant dimensions of entrepreneurship. Furthermore, entrepreneurship has positive effect on organizational performance, and guanxi network appears to moderate on it.
In terms of the current finding, enterprises in Taiwan should improve entrepreneurship and emphasize on guanxi network establishment and maintenance. Specifically, they should：devote to introduce new products and services；encourage employees to share and communicate with each other and empower them with right of decision-making；take a bold and aggressive approach when competing；keep watch for the changes of market demand；develop potential market, and identify opportunities aggressively；take interpersonal relationship as an important asset, and especially focus on the expansion and maintenance of guanxi network.
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Chang, Yu-Yu, and 張佑宇. "Exploring Creative Entrepreneurs'' Success and Intention to Quit: Cognitive Style, Guanxi Network, Creativity, Opportunity and Resource." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84770520878626403914.
Full textAbstract:
博士<br>國立中興大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>103<br>Creative industries have played an increasingly important role in global economies through stimulating innovation activities, boosting regional development, and commercializing the values of art and culture. Despite its importance, entrepreneurship in creative industries is still under-researched. Most business founders in creative industries suffer a high failure rate, while little empirical work has been done to understand creative entrepreneurs. The main research question of this thesis is that how creative entrepreneurs'' cognitive style, guanxi networks, creativity, and opportunity recognition may impact their career success and intention to quit. Therefore, on the basis of cognitive psychology, guanxi theory, componential theory of creativity, theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification, and entrepreneurial motivation theory, this thesis aims to develop a comprehensive theoretical framework, linking creative entrepreneurs'' cognitive style and guanxi networks with their career success and intention to quit through the intervening effects of entrepreneurial creativity and opportunity recognition. To better reflect the career success perceived by creative entrepreneurs, six indicators of entrepreneurial success are investigated, including career achievement, social reputation, entrepreneurial happiness, capability enhancement, entrepreneurial satisfaction, and firm profitability. Moreover, due to the resource scarcity inherent in creative industries, this study further draws on the resource-based view to scrutinize the moderating effects of resource availability.
Through examining a sample of 296 creative entrepreneurs in Taiwan, this thesis yields four key findings. Firstly, three types of cognitive style, namely knowing style, creating style and planning style, are related to creative entrepreneurs'' creativity and opportunity recognition, but their effects are different. Secondly, creative entrepreneurs'' guanxi networks including family ties, business ties and government ties positively affect their creativity and opportunity recognition. Thirdly, entrepreneurial creativity and opportunity recognition positively influence entrepreneurial success, and the effects are moderated by creative entrepreneurs'' resource availability. Fourthly, entrepreneurial success is partially found to diminish creative entrepreneurs'' intention to quit.
This thesis contributes to the entrepreneurship research in creative industries by highlighting the importance of creative entrepreneurs'' cognitive style and guanxi networks, which can lead to entrepreneurial success by influencing creative entrepreneurs'' creative idea generation and opportunity recognition. Furthermore, findings of this thesis suggest that creative entrepreneurs'' career success can help explain their withdrawal intention. Interestingly, only career achievement, entrepreneurial happiness, and capability enhancement effectively reduce creative entrepreneurs'' intention to quit, but social reputation, entrepreneurial satisfaction, and firm profitability are not associated with intention to quit. To some extent, the findings challenge the conventional wisdom that every entrepreneur''s ultimate goal for running and sustaining a new venture is profit-driven or fame-seeking. Creative entrepreneurs, compared to general entrepreneurs, are motivated to sustain their creative venture by their aspirations for achieving career goals, experiencing happiness, and making progress in their professional capabilities.
Theoretical contributions and practical implications for entrepreneurship in creative industries are discussed.
39
CHUANG, HUI-YU, and 莊惠宇. "The influence of enterprise guanxi network on business performance - a case study of Taiwanese businessmen in Vietnam." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7ujyfw.
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碩士<br>國立金門大學<br>管理學院事業經營碩士在職專班企業管理組<br>107<br>In the traditional industries of Taiwan, the textile industry plays a pivotal role. Because it belongs to high-labor-intensive industries, in the face of changes in Taiwan’s economic environment in the 1980s, the rise of overseas investment surges and the reform and opening up of Vietnam’s economic environment. Taiwanese businessmen go to Vietnam. Investment has made it a fast-growing area for the Chinese market in recent years. The Chinese business market is inseparable from the Chinese traditional culture “Guanxi”. The business strategy and performance of the company are deeply affected by it, which shows its importance. Park & Luo (2001) pointed out that the use of Guanxi is a very important cultural and social factor for China, and the Guanxi will also affect the company's performance. Fan (2002) mentioned that "Guanxi" is a kind of relationship, which is influenced by Chinese Confucian culture and develops a unique mechanism. Therefore, when conducting business in the Chinese world, it is difficult to enter the Chinese market with the Western concept. This is why it is necessary to study Guanxi.
In view of the importance of the Guanxi network to enterprises, this study uses the theory of Guanxi networks to explore the views of Taiwanese businessmen on " Guanxi" and how to operate Guanxi and their effectiveness, through qualitative research, through semi-structured cases. In-depth interviews to further observe the effects of the companies in the Guanxi network.
This study finds that Taiwanese businessmen are deeply influenced by Confucian culture. For " Guanxi ", they have long been regarded as daily life, the way people get along with each other, and the operation of their shopping malls. The establishment of a Guanxi network is a must. The establishment of a network depends on the usual management of the network, whether it is a horizontal or vertical network, for information exchange, resource acquisition, difficult assistance, etc., for the company's business strategy or performance, whether short-term or medium- The impact of long-term impact, measured by objective financial data, may be the establishment of cooperative Guanxi; subjective non-financial performance is also an intangible and far-reaching friendship.
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Yuan, Chih-Lung, and 袁志龍. "The Relationships among Social Guanxi Network, Employee’s Goal Orientations and Creativity : A Study on Hospitality Institutions in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84060512741626970608.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>餐旅管理學系碩士班<br>95<br>This study mainly wants to discover the relationships among social guanxi network, employee’s goal orientations and creativity on hospitality institutions in Taiwan. Secondly, we are interested in the meditating effects of goal orientations between social guanxi network and creativity. Thirdly, we also research on work standardization moderating the relationships between employee’s goal orientations and creativity. The sample for this study contains 719 questionnaires from employees on the hospitality institution in Taiwan. Only 491 questionnaires are fully completed.
Results show that the strength of guanxi ties has positively effects on mastery goal orientation and individual creativity. Guanxi network range has positively effects on mastery goal orientation, performance goal orientation and individual creativity.
As to the mediation effects, we find out that mastery goal orientation mediates the relationship between the strength of guanxi ties and creativity. Performance goal orientation mediates both the relationship between the strength of guanxi ties and creativity, and between guanxi network range and creativity.
With regard to the moderation effects, results show that work standardization only moderates the relationship between performance goal orientation and creativity. However, work standardization doesn’t have moderation effects on mastery goal orientation and creativity.
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TSAI, TSAI-FENG, and 蔡采楓. "The Role of Social Network-Guanxi in Firms' Start-up and Transformation Stages: Cases Study from Taiwan's High-tech Industry." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96577736115101553334.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>國際專業管理碩士班<br>100<br>As firms are facing the critical point of transformation or on the start- up stage of company establishment, the assessment on the capital that they own is essential. Nowadays, entrepreneurs, companies are not only seeking tangible capital, such as cash, equipment or tools , factories and land ,they also evaluate their intangible capital , such as knowledge, know-how, the patent portfolio and the human capital to make the right decision for their firms. Whether the relational network also called” guanxi” in Chinese, is one of the forms of intangible capital included in the planning? Guanxi has been long considered a subtle capital in Chinese society. However, it is also embedded with a negative notation. This research will review the value of guanxi and try to correct the stereotype of guanxi. From the study of founders’ relational networks to how companies construct social network as intangible capital during the transformation or diversification period, the interesting phenomenon was found that the big firms in the high-tech industry are more peer-oriented when they first started, unlike the majority family business in other industries. Also, high-tech firms at their transformation stage are likely to construct the social network. The social network change from family dominated to peer oriented proved that its high influence on industry and the role of social capital is important for business.
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Wang, Guodong. "The emergence of commercial marine ranching in Eastern China: an assessment of institutional frameworks." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12062.
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Based on research showing the serious environmental damage associated with conventional aquaculture, coastal marine ranching has been promoted by the Chinese government as an ecological and environmentally friendly way to produce aquatic products and simultaneously restore the marine environment. However, marine ranching is a general concept and there are significant differences among the three main types. This study initially focuses on commercial marine ranching to distinguish it from other types by identifying its unique features, functions and goals. Examining institutional frameworks of commercial marine ranching operations reveals the evolving interactions and interrelations between key actors in the network. The analysis adopts a modified social network theory approach that incorporates Chinese guanxi culture in a case study of the White Dragon Islet marine ranching project to research commercial marine ranching in China. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect details from each group of key actors, including the private sector, government, and local communities. Key outcomes of the research include developing a better understanding of the types of marine ranching in China and important insights into changing relationships developed from acquaintance to intimacy and then to trustworthiness within the institutional framework of a successful commercial marine ranching project. The thesis concludes by highlighting key practical implications for government policy and for commercial marine ranching practitioners to improve the implementation of such operations in China.<br>Graduate
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Lin, Shih-yu, and 林世裕. "Study on the Correlation between Guanxi Network and Enterprise Value Creation---A Case Study on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/thu5xc.
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碩士<br>世新大學<br>企業管理研究所(含碩專班)<br>102<br>In the modern industrial environment full of fierce competition, enterprises are expected to remain sustainable operation and find its place in the market, while entrepreneurs tend to capitalize on their current social networks to enhance business performance in addition to pondering over how to boost it. In the market of Chinese society prevailed by human guanxi, fellowship or network, it is paramount to establish guanxi network which is a key element affecting operational performance.
The study aims to find out whether the advantages established via guanxi network by entrepreneurs do actual help to business operation, and how entrepreneurs build more effective cooperation guanxi among enterprises to achieve sustainability in competitive industrial environment.
Thus, with qualitative method, the study conducted case interview directed at small and medium-sized enterprises in the wholesale and retail industry in Taiwan, which was then concluded and analyzed so as to understand the correlation between guanxi network and industry value creation; it is also anticipated that related marketing suggestions can be proposed for entrepreneurs as reference for marketing strategies development.
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Huang, Chi-Ting, and 黃琪婷. "An Empirical Research on Taiwanese Firms’ Entry Mode Choice and Performance in Mainland China—A Synthetic View of Resource-Based Theory, Transaction Cost Theory, and Guanxi Network Perspective." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11227982279192634063.
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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>國際企業學系碩士班<br>93<br>This study explores Taiwanese firms’ entry mode choice and performance in China by using a synthetic view of resource-based theory, transaction cost theory, and guanxi network perspective. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data, through logistics regression analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis and t-test analysis to analyze survey data empirically.
Findings of this study indicate that international experiences and uncertainty of demand are significantly and positively correlated with wholly owned mode. On the other hand, vertical guanxi and horizontal guanxi are significantly and positively correlated with joint venture mode.
Examining entry mode and performance, this study reveals the following significant relationships: Subjective performance of wholly owned subsidiaries is better than those of joint ventures. On the other hand, objective performance of joint ventures is better than those of wholly owned subsidiaries. Findings of this study indicate that performance of the firms in the service industry is better than those of those in the manufacturing industry.
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Jiang, Nanquian. "How does the concept of guanxi help foreign managers do business in China?" 2009. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20090713.172030/index.html.
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Lee, Chia-Yu, and 李佳諭. "Creative Entrepreneurs'' Guanxi Networks and Entrepreneurial Success: Mediating Effects of Information Accessibility and Resources Availability." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x669n8.
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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>科技管理研究所<br>102<br>As deeply embedded in Chinese culture, guanxi networks have been identified as an important strategic mechanism to company success. Research in the past decades has indicated that Chinese entrepreneurs pervasively cultivate and mobilize their guanxi networks to receive useful information, resources, and institutional supports for better venture performance. As an emerging sector of small businesses, creative industries have been reported to suffer from high failure rates of venture creation, but little attention has been paid to understand whether creative entrepreneurs’ guanxi networks also help overcome obstacles on entrepreneurial activities. Through testing a sample of 293 creative entrepreneurs, we examine the impact of entrepreneurs’ four types of guanxi networks, namely family ties, business ties, community ties, and government ties, on their career success with the consideration to the mediating effects of information accessibility and resource availability. Results reveal that guanxi networks indeed influence entrepreneurial success through providing entrepreneurs with critical information and necessary resources. Specifically, information accessibility is shown to benefit from family ties, business ties, and community ties, whereas resource availability is enhanced by family ties and government ties. This paper is a part of the rare effort to empirically investigate entrepreneurial success in creative industries. Some important managerial implications are discussed.
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Tsai-i, Kuo, and 郭蔡毅. "The Research of Development with Policy Network of Guandu Plain in Beitou." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54959881266600968694.
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碩士<br>中國文化大學<br>巿政暨環境規劃學系<br>96<br>Guandu Plain has various advantages. It is located, as a key passage, in the north of Taipei with abundant natural resources. As the last but not the least important land, Guandu plain is the largest and the only vast, complete land that has not been developed. In recent years, the importance of developing Guandu plain has grown with the planning and development of the Shezi City, the completion of the Zhou Mei Highway construction, and the map out of the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit). Based on the “Policy Network” perspectives, this thesis explores the interactive relationships among various stockholders such as: the central government, local governments, the legislative bodies, non-profit and non-governmental organizations, and local residents in the course of decision making and policy formation for the Guandu Plain development. It tries to assess and analyses the interactive and integrative relationships among the members of the policy network involved, hoping verify the validity of the policy network approaches and propose some positive suggestions to the development of Guandu plain.
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Mao-shun, Hu, and 湖茂順. "Chinese cultural characteristic of social networks-guanxi to impact of service quality gap the case of insurance industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08392358449860231967.
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碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系<br>100<br>In the fierce competition of the service sector now, how to correctly measure the quality of service and master customer demand have become the most significant issue. Economics and culture are not developing as two parallel lines. They interact and affect each other reciprocally. Chinese cultural characteristic of social networks-guanxi is defined as the social contact with the coordination value function. This study, based on the SERVEQUAL scale, in assessing the criteria with aspect to Chinese cultural characteristic of social networks-guanxi, the SERVNET scale is proposed to Chinese markets for service quality evaluation, and the case of insurance industry in Taiwan is adopted to verity its validity. Results show that culture is significant in management especially in cross-cultural enterprises.
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LU, SIN-YUN, and 呂欣芸. "Literatus Social Network Of Taiwan Hakka In The Qing Dynasty: Focus on WU,ZI-GUANG." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64903711288220311052.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>客家社會文化研究所<br>101<br>Qing Dynasty Taiwan was on the border and education was not flourishing in the beginning of land development even in the Mid-Qing but gentry and rich persons competing to receive or hire to be teacher when literati come to Taiwan. Wu,Zi-Guang came to Taiwan from Mei County Jiaying State Guangdong Province in Tao-kuang 22 year (1984), he settled and lived in an-li-she. He was qualified to be recommended man in Tung-chih 4 year (1865), teaching as his duty whole his life, he had many outstanding students like Chiu Feng-Chia、Hsieh Tao- Lung、P'an Yung-An、Lu Ju- Hsiu et al.. He passed away in Kuang-hsu 9 year (1883) at the age of sixty five. Wu, Zi-Guang as one of the imperial examination community member and established a network of people in Taiwan. The main purpose of this thesis is researching Wu, Zi-Guang interpersonal networks formation.
The results have showed that Wu, Zi-Guang has five points been worthy to pay attention. Promote culture and education, train and cultivate local literati. Then, being a scholar of Taiwan and last voiced for Taiwan. The five characteristics of social network that established around the Wu, Zi-Guang shows below: First, a majority were Hakka of social networks. Second, a social network devoted to culture and education development. Third, have a dual core personal network. Fourth, have the courage to voice for Taiwan and resistance. The major four influences is training, cultivating people; promote culture manners in central Taiwan; publish and preserve literature works; the last but not least, extended main network and formed sub network from the Qing Dynasty more than two centuries in Taiwan. Wu,Zi-Guang has great achievements in education or literature or history, and his social network also has distinctive and unique profoundly impacted on Taiwan. It could be proclaimed as number one Hakka social network in Taiwan.
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Yu, Louis Lei. "Characteristics of social networks in the Chinese Web." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3074.
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We look at the underlying friendships and relationships between Chinese Internet users. We identify the presence and characteristics of the different types of online friendships and online relationships by analyzing various online social networks. First, we look at the concept of guanxi as it is applied to the interaction between web sites. Guanxi is a type of dyadic social interaction based on feelings and trust which has been well studied by scholars in China. We define guanxi in the web: particular linking patterns that appear in the web as well as supporting textual evidence in the web pages which we believe are indicative of the presence and varying strengths of the underlying guanxi between Chinese web site owners. Through our empirical study of the Chinese web, the general web, and the Japanese, Iranian, and French web, we show that guanxi between web sites is a more prevalent feature in the Chinese web. Next, we study the formation of online friendships in Douban, an online social networking platform frequently used by the youth in China. We look at several factors that can affect the evolution of friendships such as having memberships in the same discussion groups and sharing common interests or common friends. We compare these factors in influencing the formation of online friendships. Our work provides the first study on the underlying relationships between web sites in the Chinese web and the first large scale empirical analysis on the evolution of friendships in a Chinese online social network.