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Journal articles on the topic 'Guar gum films'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Kollár, Mariann, Gabriella Zsoldos, Tamás Szabó, and Kornél Szóda. "Examination of Biodegradable Polymer Thin Films." Materials Science Forum 885 (February 2017): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.885.123.

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Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the effect of water immersion of guar gum, gelatin and pektin films. Animal-derived gelatin, citrus-derived pektin and natural guar gum made from guar seeds was used to manufacture thin films (using a 2% concentration starting solution) by casting. The biodegradable polymer films were immersed in distilled water before FTIR analysis to absorb water. The immersion time varied between 1 to 15 sec for not to make hydrocolloids, only observe swelling. After 20 sec the biofilms effectively dissolved in the distilled water.

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2

Oprea, Stefan, and Veronica Oprea. "Biodegradation of crosslinked polyurethane acrylates/guar gum composites under natural soil burial conditions." e-Polymers 16, no. 4 (July 1, 2016): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2016-0038.

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AbstractThis study investigated the effect of the guar gum content on the degradation behavior of the polyester and polyether polyurethane acrylate composites under outdoor soil-burial exposure. Polyurethane acrylates-guar gum composites were characterized before and after soil degradation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of guar gum produces significant improvement in the degradation rate of these composites. The guar gum filler’s susceptibility to humidity and to soil microorganisms resulted in significant chemical and morphological changes in the entire structure of the composite. Guar gum incorporation into the matrix of the crosslinked polyurethane acrylates leads to a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the composite films after soil burial exposure.

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3

Jussen, Daniel, Sandeep Sharma, James K. Carson, and Kim L. Pickering. "Preparation and tensile properties of guar gum hydrogel films." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 3 (August 7, 2019): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119867560.

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Guar gum hydrogels may be dried to form polymer films which have the potential for use as biodegradable alternatives to polymers such as low-density polyethylene. In this study, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of guar gel films having moisture contents ranging between 15% and 18% (wet basis) were measured at a strain rate of 1 mm min−1. Mean tensile strengths of the films ranged between 25 MPa and 40 MPa (dependent on composition) which is of similar magnitude to the tensile strength data for polyethylene and cellophane that are reported in the literature. The mean tensile modulus of the films (1.5–2.5 GPa) was higher than the tensile modulus values reported for low-density polyethylene but comparable to those for cellophane (3 GPa).

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Sui, Chun Xia, Lian Zhou Jiang, and Guo Ping Yu. "Effects of pH on Properties of Soy Protein Isolate/Guar Gum Composite Films." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.446.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pH(7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0) on the properties of soy protein isolate (SPI)/guar gum (GG)composite films casted with 0.2 %(w/v)guar gum polysaccharide, 5.0 %(w/v)SPI, 1.5 %(w/v)glycerol plasticizer, and 4:1(v/v) mixture of distilled water and anhydrous alcohol. Composite membranes from different pH conditions were evaluated from following aspects: tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility (WS) and surface hydrophobicity(SH)

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Nandi, Sujosh, and Proshanta Guha. "Organic acid-compatibilized potato starch/guar gum blend films." Materials Chemistry and Physics 268 (August 2021): 124714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124714.

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6

Cheng, Shaoling, Yapei Zhang, Ruitao Cha, Jinliang Yang, and Xingyu Jiang. "Water-soluble nanocrystalline cellulose films with highly transparent and oxygen barrier properties." Nanoscale 8, no. 2 (2016): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nr07647a.

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By mixing a guar gum (GG) solution with a nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) dispersion using a novel circular casting technology, we manufactured biodegradable films as packaging materials with improved optical and mechanical properties.

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7

Guo, Na, Guilan Zhu, Ding Chen, Dongkun Wang, Fangyan Zhang, and Zhilan Zhang. "Preparation and characterization of gellan gum–guar gum blend films incorporated with nisin." Journal of Food Science 85, no. 6 (May 26, 2020): 1799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.15143.

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8

Kaza, Rajesh, Sujatha Kumari M, Kishore Babu M, Avinash A, and Nagaraju R. "Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacodynamic Characteri-stics of Telmisartan Oral Disintegrating Films." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 12, no. 2 (March 31, 2019): 4489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2019.12.2.6.

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This research work was aimed to develop the telmisartan fast dissolving films. Fast dissolving films allow rapid drug dissolution in the oral cavity and thereby bypass the first pass metabolism. Solid dispersions of telmisartan using natural polymers such as hupu gum (HG), guar gum (GG) and xanthan gum (XG) were prepared by kneading technique and the optimized solid dispersion was exploited in the development of rapidly dissolving film. Telmisartan films were prepared by solvent casting method using different grades of HPMC (E5, 50 cps and K4M). Six formulations (FT1-FT6) of telmisartan films were prepared and evaluated for their physical characteristics such as thickness, tensile strength, percentage elongation, weight variation, folding endurance, drug content uniformity and surface pH and gave satisfactory results. The compatibility of the drug in the formulation was confirmed by FTIR and DSC studies. The formulations were subjected to disintegration, in vitro drug release and pharmacodynamic studies on spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Amongst the formulations of FT1-FT6, FT6 was found as best formulation which contains HPMC E5 and telmisartan solid dispersion with guar gum at weight ratio of 1:2 and showed excellent film forming characteristics such as disintegration time at 42 sec and percentage drug release 97.98% within 10 minutes. The optimized film formulation (FT6) showed excellent stability over 45 days when stored at 40°C/60% RH. The pharmacodynamic study in SHR proved that fast dissolving films of telmisartan produced a faster onset of action.

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9

Xiao, Chaobo, Jinhua Zhang, Zhenjun Zhang, and Lina Zhang. "Study of blend films from chitosan and hydroxypropyl guar gum." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 90, no. 7 (September 22, 2003): 1991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.12766.

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10

Gao, Xiubing, Can Guo, Ming Li, Rongyu Li, Xiaomao Wu, Anlong Hu, Xianfeng Hu, Feixu Mo, and Shuai Wu. "Physicochemical Properties and Bioactivity of a New Guar Gum-Based Film Incorporated with Citral to Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)." Molecules 25, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 2044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092044.

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The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is the most notorious rice insect pest. In order to repel BPH effectively while being environmentally friendly, a new film based on guar gum incorporated with citral (GC film) was formulated. A toxicity bioassay of citral and guar gum at different proportions (ratios of 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 in w/w) of GC film-forming emulsion to BPH was performed with the rice stem dipping method. Results showed that the most effective ratio of citral to guar gum was 1:1 with the median lethal concentration (LC50) of 4.30 mg/mL, far below the LC50 of guar gum (GG)/citral individual (141.51 and 44.38 mg/mL, respectively). The mortality of BPH adults and nymphs in the third instar treated with different dilution multiples of GC film-forming emulsion ranged from 46.67% to 82.22% and from 37.78% to 71.11%, respectively. These indicated that GC film-forming emulsion had a direct toxicity on BPH, and the mixture of citral and GG had synergistic interactions. Subsequently, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the incorporation of guar gum with citral was successful and did not result in the formation of new chemical bonds. The GC film exhibited a darker color and rougher surface topography with larger apertures and deeper gullies (Ra = 1.42 nm, Rq = 2.05 nm, and Rmax = 25.40 nm) compared to the guar gum film (GG film) (Ra = 1.00 nm, Rq = 1.33 nm, and Rmax = 16.40 nm), as determined by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The GC film exhibited a 50.4% lower solubility in water (30.30% vs. 15.00%) and 71.3% oxygen permeability (8.26 × 10−9 vs. 2.37 × 10−9 cm3/m2·d·Pa) (p < 0.05) but did not demonstrate any significant difference in mechanical properties, such as thickness (39.10 vs. 41.70 mm), tensile strength (41.89 vs. 38.30 N/mm2), and elongation at break (1.82% vs. 2.03%) (p < 0.05) compared to the GG film. Our findings established a link between physicochemical properties and bioactivity, which can provide useful information on developing and improving GC films and may offer an alternative approach for the control of BPH in the near future.

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11

Dai, Lei, Zhu Long, Jie Chen, Xingye An, Dong Cheng, Avik Khan, and Yonghao Ni. "Robust Guar Gum/Cellulose Nanofibrils Multilayer Films with Good Barrier Properties." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 6 (February 2, 2017): 5477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b14471.

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12

Huang, Aibin, and Wanwan Le. "Blend Films of Waterborne Polyurethane-Carboxymethylated Guar Gum Crosslinked by Ca2+." Asian Journal of Chemistry 26, no. 2 (2014): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2014.15436.

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13

Saurabh, Chaturbhuj K., Sumit Gupta, Jitendra Bahadur, S. Mazumder, Prasad S. Variyar, and Arun Sharma. "Mechanical and barrier properties of guar gum based nano-composite films." Carbohydrate Polymers 124 (June 2015): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.02.004.

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14

Tang, Yanjun, Xinqi Zhang, Ruonan Zhao, Daliang Guo, and Junhua Zhang. "Preparation and properties of chitosan/guar gum/nanocrystalline cellulose nanocomposite films." Carbohydrate Polymers 197 (October 2018): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.073.

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15

Saurabh, Chaturbhuj K., Sumit Gupta, and Prasad S. Variyar. "Development of guar gum based active packaging films using grape pomace." Journal of Food Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (March 17, 2018): 1982–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13197-018-3112-3.

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16

Aydogdu, Ayca, Clayton J. Radke, Semih Bezci, and Emrah Kirtil. "Characterization of curcumin incorporated guar gum/orange oil antimicrobial emulsion films." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 148 (April 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.255.

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17

Lakshmi, P. K., D. Lavanya, and M. M. Husnien Ali. "Effect of synthetic super disintegrants and natural polymers in the preparation of donepezil hydrochloride fast disintegration films." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 3, no. 3 (February 5, 2014): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i3.17892.

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The main aim of the present research was to develop a fast dissolving oral polymeric film with good mechanical properties, faster disintegration and dissolution when placed on tongue. Donepezil hydrochloride (DPH) is prescribed in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimers disease (AD). The polymers selected for preparing films were sodium alginate (SA), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and guar gum (GG). Three batches of films were prepared by solvent casting method with sodium alginate, sodium alginate & PVA and with the combination of sodium alginate & guar gum. From these three batches, three optimized film formulations S3, SP7 and SG8 were selected based on disintegration time. To these three selected film formulations, superdisintegrants sodium starch glycolate (SSG), cross carmellose sodium (CCS) and cross povidone (CP) were added at a concentration of 4% w/w of polymer to improve the disintegration time. The films prepared with or without superdisintegrants were compared for fast releasing properties. Based on DT and in vitro dissolution data, S3CP was selected as the best formulation among the all formulations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i3.17892 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, February 2014, 3(3): 243-246

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18

J. D'Melo, Dawid, Anagha S. Sabnis, Mohan A. Shenoy, and Mukesh S. Kathalewar. "Influence of acrylated guar gum on alkyd coating properties." Pigment & Resin Technology 43, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-02-2012-0016.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of acrylated guar gum (AGG) as an additive in alkyd resin for improved mechanical properties and to optimize the results of such an addition. Design/methodology/approach – For studying the effect of AGG on coating properties, guar gum was modified to various degrees of esterification and various compositions of alkyd systems were made by incorporating different concentrations of AGG. The mechanical and solvent absorption of the unmodified and modified alkyd systems were characterized. Findings – The incorporation of AGG into alkyd coating showed significant improvement of mechanical properties over the unmodified one. The modification caused an additional crosslink site through its unsaturation which led to increased crosslink density without phase separation of additive from the alkyd system which was confirmed by SEM scans. Research limitations/implications – The reactive additive, AGG used in the present study was synthesised using acryloyl chloride. Besides, it could also be synthesised from methacryloyl chloride and the effect of methyl substitution on water and solvent absorption could be studied. Practical implications – The method developed provided a simple and practical solution to improving the mechanical properties of alkyd coatings. Originality/value – The method for enhancing mechanical properties of cured alkyd system was novel and could find numerous applications in surface coatings.

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19

Azzahari, Ahmad Danial, Nur Fazilah Abdul Mutalib, Muhammad Rizwan, Cheyma Naceur Abouloula, Vidhya Selvanathan, Faridah Sonsudin, and Rosiyah Yahya. "Improved ionic conductivity in guar gum succinate–based polymer electrolyte membrane." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 8 (May 15, 2018): 993–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008318775790.

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Guar gum succinate (GGS) was chemically modified by reacting guar gum with succinic anhydride in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine. Succination was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with carbonyl bands at 1724 cm−1 and ester linkage at 1567 cm−1 of the succinate group. The resulting amorphous, GGS was used as a polymer host to prepare cost-effective solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films via incorporating a blend of ethylene carbonate (EC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), lithium triflate (LiTf) and lithium iodide (LiI). SPE system for GGS:EC (1.0:0.6) with 30 wt% LiTf showed highest conductivity of 6.29 × 10−5 S cm−1 and GGS:CMC:EC (0.5:0.5:0.6) with 25 wt% LiI showed highest conductivity of 2.10 × 10−4 S cm−1. FTIR revealed multiple complexation sites for ion mobility indicating that GGS possesses high prospects as a conductive SPE.

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20

Adhikary, P., S. Krishnamoorthi, and R. P. Singh. "Synthesis and characterization of grafted carboxymethyl guar gum." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 120, no. 5 (December 23, 2010): 2621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.33471.

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21

D'Melo, D. J., and M. A. Shenoy. "Evaluation of biodegradability of epoxy-guar gum composites." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 113, no. 3 (August 5, 2009): 1494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.29996.

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22

Taunk, Kavita, and Kunj Behari. "Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto guar gum." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 77, no. 1 (July 5, 2000): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(20000705)77:1<39::aid-app6>3.0.co;2-z.

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23

Banegas, Rodrigo S., Clarice F. Zornio, Adriana de M. G. Borges, Ledilege C. Porto, and Valdir Soldi. "Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Films Obtained from Cross-linked Guar Gum." Polímeros Ciência e Tecnologia 23, no. 2 (2013): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/polimeros.2013.082.

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24

Rao, M. S., S. R. Kanatt, S. P. Chawla, and A. Sharma. "Chitosan and guar gum composite films: Preparation, physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties." Carbohydrate Polymers 82, no. 4 (November 2010): 1243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.058.

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25

Abdullah, Md Farooque, Sumanta Kumar Ghosh, Sreyasree Basu, and Arup Mukherjee. "Cationic guar gum orchestrated environmental synthesis for silver nano-bio-composite films." Carbohydrate Polymers 134 (December 2015): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.029.

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26

Das, Aatrayee, Ankita Das, Aalok Basu, Pallab Datta, Mradu Gupta, and Arup Mukherjee. "Newer guar gum ester/chicken feather keratin interact films for tissue engineering." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 180 (June 2021): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.034.

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27

Costa, Daniela Ribeiro da, Suzany Aguiar Leite, Mateus Pereira dos Santos, Beatriz Sousa Coelho, Aldenise Alves Moreira, Carlos Alberto Domingues da Silva, Iara Sordi Joachim-Bravo, and Maria Aparecida Castellani. "Influence of Mineral Particle Films and Biomaterials on Guava Fruits and Implications for the Oviposition of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae)." Insects 12, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12050373.

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Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) is an important pest of tropical fruits, especially Anacardiaceae and Myrtaceae, in the Americas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of mineral films and biomaterials on the coloring of guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.) and implications for the oviposition of A. obliqua. Before the bioassays, color, firmness characteristics, total soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity were determined to characterize the maturation stage of the fruits. Pieces of guava fruit covered in aluminum foil were immersed in suspensions of mineral particles (Surround® WP kaolin; kaolins 605, 607, 608, and 611; and talc) and biomaterials (chitosan, cassava and potato starch, and guar gum) and distilled water (control). After drying, the fruits were exposed to two A. obliqua pairs for 48 h in choice and non-choice tests, and the numbers of eggs per fruit were counted. Mineral films (Surround® WP kaolin, and kaolins 605, 607, 608, and 611) and biomaterials (cassava and potato starch) interfered with the color of guava (luminosity, chroma, and hue angle), inhibiting the oviposition of A. obliqua. Talc, chitosan, and guar gum did not influence the oviposition of A. obliqua in guava.

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28

Elbadawi, M., M. Mosalagae, I. M. Reaney, and J. Meredith. "Guar gum: A novel binder for ceramic extrusion." Ceramics International 43, no. 18 (December 2017): 16727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.09.066.

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Rani, T. Neelima. "Formulation Development and Optimization of Oral Thin Films of Zolpidem Tartarate." Medical Science & Healthcare Practice 1, no. 1 (April 6, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/mshp.v1n1p26.

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<em>The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate oral thin films of zolpidem tartarate. Zolpidem tartarateis used to treat insomnia. It affects chemicals in your brain that may become unbalanced and cause sleep problems (insomnia). Zolpidem tartarate oral thin films were prepared by using solvent casting method. In this method, water soluble polymer is completely dissolved in to form uniform clear viscous solution other ingredients including API are dissolved in a small portion of aqueous solvent by using a high shear processor. This viscous solution is degassed under the vacuum to remove the air bubbles. This bubble free solution is poured into a glass mold and kept in oven at 40 º-50ºC. Oral disintegrating films are prepared using three grades of polymers HPMC E5, GUAR GUM and SODIUM ALGINATE Compatibility of Zolpidem tartarate with polymers was confirmed by FT-IR studies. All the formulations were evaluated for their physical appearance, average weight and thickness, folding endurance, disintegration time, tensile strength, percentage elongation, drug content, content uniformity and in vitro drug dissolution studies. From the result, it was concluded that the fast dissolving films of Zolpidem tartarate can be made by solvent casting technique with enhanced dissolution rate and taste masking by using suitable combination of sweeteners, flavors and citric acid. The final composition optimized was drug to Guar Gum ratio of 1:1, plasticizer concentration of 15% w/w of polymer. The film had acceptable physical properties, assay and uniformity values and in vitro dissolution within 2 minutes.</em>

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30

Šuput, Danijela Z., Vera L. Lazić, Lato L. Pezo, Biljana Lj Lončar, Milica R. Nićetin, Nevena M. Hromiš, and Senka Z. Popović. "Structural characterisation of starch based edible films with essential oil addition." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2016.1.53-57.

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Present study investigated structure of starch based edible films with essential oil addition. Films were obtained from water solutions containing gelatinized modified starch, polyol, guar-xantan gum modified mixture and essential oil by casting it on a Petri dish and evaporating at room temperature for 72h. Both, glycerol and guar-xantan modified mixture, had role to improve film flexibility and enable better film folding and handling. Two sample groups were obtained: starch based edible films with black cumin oil addition and starch based edible films with black pepper oil addition. Both essential oils were added in three different concentrations. Starch based edible film without essential oil addition was used as blank shot. Structural properties were determined by analyzing spectra obtained by FT-IR Spectrometer in the spectral range of 4000–400 cm−1 with a 4.0 cm−1 resolution. Software Omnic 8.1. and TQ Analyst were used to operate the FTIR spectrometer, collect and present all the data. Results pointed to quantitative law dependency between added amount of essential oils and spectra absorption values for both sample groups and FTIR spectra were used to calculate coefficient of correlation.

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Pallavi, K., and T. Pallavi. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING FILMS OF ELETRIPTAN HYDROBROMIDE." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i2.17386.

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Objective: The main aim of the present research was to develop an oral fast dissolving polymeric film (FDF) with good mechanical properties, faster disintegration and dissolution when placed on the tongue.Methods: Eletriptan hydrobromide is prescribed for the treatment of mild to a moderate migraine. The polymers selected for preparing films were Pullulan, Maltodextrin (MDX), Acacia, Sodium alginate (SA), Locust bean gum (LBG), Guar gum (GG), Xanthan gum (XG), Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Polyvinyl pyrrolidine (PVP), Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) E5, and HPMC E15. Twelve sets of films FN1–FN12 were prepared by solvent casting method with Pullulan and combination of Acacia, MDX, SA, LBG, GG, XG, PVA, PVP, HPMC E5 and HPMC E15. Five sets of films FS1–FS5 were prepared using synthetic polymers like PVA, PVP, HPMC E5 and HPMC E15.Results: From all the prepared polymer formulations, FN2, FN8, and FS3 were selected based on disintegration time, and drug release and amongst this three FN2 was optimised based on its disintegration time (D. T). The percent drug release of the optimised film was compared with the percent release of the pure drug.Conclusion: The optimised formulation had a D. T of 16 s and a percent drug release of 97.5% in 10 min in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer and 100.6% drug release in 10 min in 0.1N HCl.

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Thimma, Reddy T., and Shekharam Tammishetti. "Barium chloride crosslinked carboxymethyl guar gum beads for gastrointestinal drug delivery." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 82, no. 12 (2001): 3084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.2164.

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33

Kim, C. A., S. T. Lim, H. J. Choi, J. I. Sohn, and M. S. Jhon. "Characterization of drag reducing guar gum in a rotating disk flow." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 83, no. 13 (January 15, 2002): 2938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.10300.

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34

Raval, Dipak K., Ranjan G. Patel, and Vithal S. Patel. "Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto guar gum by hydrogen peroxide initiation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35, no. 8 (June 5, 1988): 2201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350820.

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35

Biswal, Jayashree, S. P. Ramnani, Seema Shirolikar, and S. Sabharwal. "Synthesis of guar-gum-stabilized nanosized silver clusters with γ radiation." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 114, no. 4 (November 15, 2009): 2348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.30113.

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36

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, and Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil. "Functional Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films Modified with Surfactants: A Brief Review." Processes 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091039.

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An increase of environmental awareness recently has increased the interest of researchers in using of biopolymer-based films. The films have been prepared extensively by utilizing starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, protein, gelatin, carrageenan, alginate, pectin, guar gum and pullulan. They are typically modified with surface-active agents (surfactants) such as glycerol monostearate, sucrose ester, sodium stearoyl lactate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ethyl lauroyl arginate HCl, Span 20 to 80, Tween-20 to 80 and soy lecithin for improving the functional properties of the films. In this brief review, two types of biopolymer-based films that prepared through casting method were categorized, specifically solution- and emulsion-based films. The four types of surfactants, namely non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants that are regularly used to modify biopolymer-based films are also described. The functional properties of the films modified with different types of surfactants are briefly reviewed. This study enhances the attraction of researchers in biopolymer-based films and the improvement of new concepts in this niche area.

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Pramanik, Nilkamal, Tapas Mitra, Moumita Khamrai, Aditi Bhattacharyya, Piyasi Mukhopadhyay, A. Gnanamani, Ranjan Kumar Basu, and Patit Paban Kundu. "Characterization and evaluation of curcumin loaded guar gum/polyhydroxyalkanoates blend films for wound healing applications." RSC Advances 5, no. 78 (2015): 63489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10114j.

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Saurabh, Chaturbhuj K., Sumit Gupta, Jitendra Bahadur, S. Mazumder, Prasad S. Variyar, and Arun Sharma. "Radiation dose dependent change in physiochemical, mechanical and barrier properties of guar gum based films." Carbohydrate Polymers 98, no. 2 (November 2013): 1610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.041.

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Oprea, Stefan. "Effects of guar gum content on structure and properties of multi-crosslinked polyurethane composite films." Composites Part B: Engineering 44, no. 1 (January 2013): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.018.

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Kundu, Sonia, Aatrayee Das, Aalok Basu, Md Farooque Abdullah, and Arup Mukherjee. "Guar gum benzoate nanoparticle reinforced gelatin films for enhanced thermal insulation, mechanical and antimicrobial properties." Carbohydrate Polymers 170 (August 2017): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.056.

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Castro, Pedro M., Patrícia Baptista, Ana Raquel Madureira, Bruno Sarmento, and Manuela E. Pintado. "Combination of PLGA nanoparticles with mucoadhesive guar-gum films for buccal delivery of antihypertensive peptide." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 547, no. 1-2 (August 2018): 593–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.051.

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Huang, Yihong, Huiqun Yu, and Chaobo Xiao. "Effects of Ca2+ crosslinking on structure and properties of waterborne polyurethane-carboxymethylated guar gum films." Carbohydrate Polymers 66, no. 4 (November 2006): 500–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.04.001.

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Suput, Danijela, Vera Lazic, Lato Pezo, Senka Popovic, Nevena Hromis, and Sandra Bulut. "The effects of glycerol and guar-xanthan mixture on mechanical and barrier properties of starch based edible films - chemometric analysis." Chemical Industry 70, no. 6 (2016): 739–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind150819010s.

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Abstract:

The aim of this work was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of glycerol (30%, 40%, 50%) and guar-xanthan gum addition (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%) effect on starch based edible film mechanical and barrier properties. According to Response Surface Methodology, the most influential parameter in the second order polynomial models calculation was the percentage of glycerol, while the linear term of guar-xanthan content was important only for second order polynomial model calculation for tensile strength and water vapor permeability. According to Principal Component Analysis, samples grouping along the first component are primarily due to the content of glycerol, which is also confirmed by ANOVA analysis. According Cluster Analysis, two separate clusters are observed on the dendrogram, which includes the right (with the increased value of tensile strength) and the left cluster (with the increased value of elongation break and water vapor permeability). The observed distance the two clusters is considerable (approx. 80).

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Hongbo, Tang, Li Yanping, Dong Siqing, and Sun Min. "Etherification optimization for preparing partially hydrolized hydroxypropylated guar gum and its properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 13 (February 11, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40489.

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Bajpai, U. D. N., and Sandeep Rai. "Grafting of acrylamide onto guar gum using KMNO4/oxalic acid redox system." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35, no. 5 (April 1988): 1169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350504.

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Sardar, Debasmita, Manideepa Sengupta, Ankur Bordoloi, Md A. Ahmed, S. K. Neogi, Sudipta Bandyopadhyay, Ruchi Jain, Chinnakonda S. Gopinath, and Tanushree Bala. "Multiple functionalities of Ni nanoparticles embedded in carboxymethyl guar gum polymer: catalytic activity and superparamagnetism." Applied Surface Science 405 (May 2017): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.01.229.

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Arfat, Yasir Ali, Mohammed Ejaz, Harsha Jacob, and Jasim Ahmed. "Deciphering the potential of guar gum/Ag-Cu nanocomposite films as an active food packaging material." Carbohydrate Polymers 157 (February 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.069.

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Bandyopadhyay, Smarak, Nabanita Saha, Urška Vrabič Brodnjak, and Petr Sáha. "Bacterial cellulose and guar gum based modified PVP-CMC hydrogel films: Characterized for packaging fresh berries." Food Packaging and Shelf Life 22 (December 2019): 100402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100402.

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Ma, Xiaodong, and Marek Pawlik. "Effect of alkali metal cations on adsorption of guar gum onto quartz." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 289, no. 1 (September 2005): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.03.035.

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Birajdar, Ravindra P., Sudha S. Patil, Vijaykumar V. Alange, and Raghavendra V. Kulkarni. "Electrically Triggered Transdermal Drug Delivery Utilizing Poly(Acrylamide)-graft-Guar Gum: Synthesis, Characterization and Formulation Development." Current Applied Polymer Science 3, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452271602666181031093243.

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Abstract:

Objective: The study aimed to prepare electrically-triggered transdermal drug delivery systems (ETDS) using electrically responsive polyacrylamide-graft-gaur gum (PAAm-g-GaG) copolymer. Methods: The PAAm-g-GaG copolymer was synthesized by adopting free radical polymerization grafting method. This PAAm-g-GaG copolymer hydrogel acts as a drug reservoir and blend films of Guar Gum (GaG) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) were included as Rate Controlling Membranes (RCM) in the system. The PAAm-g-GaG copolymer was characterized by FTIR, neutralization equivalent values, thermogravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. Results: On the basis of results obtained, it is implicit that the drug permeation decreased with an increase in the concentration of glutaraldehyde and RCM thickness; while drug permeation rate was increased with increasing applied electric current strength from 2 to 8 mA. A two fold increase in flux values was observed with the application of DC electric current. An increase in drug permeation was witnessed under on condition of electric stimulus and permeation was decreased when electric stimulus was "off". The skin histopathology study confirmed the changes in skin structure when electrical stimulus was applied. Conclusion: The electrically-sensitive PAAm-g-GaG copolymer is a useful biomaterial for transdermal drug delivery application.

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