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Erazo, Azurín Andy Richard. "Efecto diurético de los extractos etanólico y acuoso de Ilex guayusa loes (guayusa) en ratas albinas hembras." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/11729.
Full textAbstract:
Se propone encontrar el efecto diurético de los extractos acuoso y
etanólico de las hojas de la planta amazónica Ilex guayusa Loes (guayusa) en ratas
albinas hembras de la cepa Holtzmman. La vía de administración fue oral, se
emplearon para el experimento 72 ratas albinas con un peso promedio de 200 – 250
g, divididas en 12 grupos de 6 ratas por grupos como el grupo control con cloruro
de sodio al 0,9%, furosemida y ambos extractos a las dosis 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg,
200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg y 800 mg/kg. Para determinar el efecto diurético se utilizaron
las jaulas metabólicas individuales midiendo el volumen de orina excretados. Los
resultados obtenidos del grupo control con furosemida y el grupo control con cloruro
de sodio 0,9% fueron comparados con los administrados en diferentes dosis de
extractos acuoso y etanólico teniendo en cuenta el peso de cada rata. La excreción
urinaria se midió a la 1h, 2h, 4h y 6h después de administrar los extractos y se pudo
comprobar el efecto diurético de los extractos acuoso y etanólico la cual tuvo una
relación directa con respecto a las dosis. El grupo control con furosemida tiene su
máximo pico en la primera hora después de la administración, mientras que las
muestras evaluadas lo manifiestan a la hora y a la segunda hora de empezado el
experimento, teniendo su máximo pico a la dosis de 400 mg/kg, no obstante, no se
encontraron diferencias significativas. Posteriores investigaciones son necesarias
para dilucidar el mecanismo del efecto diurético de los extractos de Ilex guayusa
Loes (guayusa).Tesis
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Rivola, Maria. "Messa a punto delle condizioni ottime di infusione di foglie di Ilex guayusa mediante disegno sperimentale Box-Behnken." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17078/.
Full textAbstract:
Ilex guayusa, a tree native from the Amazon Rainforest, represents an important part of the culinary traditions and folk medicine of the indigenous tribes. In fact, infusions of different parts of the tree have been used as natural remedies. Particularly, the infusion obtained by the dry leaves of guayusa is a source of phenolic compounds, which are considered as antioxidant substances and have been associated with numerous benefits for human health.
Currently, the growing interest of consumers towards healthy food and drinks has led to the rapid spread of this drink. However, the scientific literature about the content of polar compounds in infusion of guayusa leaves is scarce. Therefore, the aims of the present work were to enhance the extraction conditions of phenolic compounds from guayusa leaves by infusion and to characterize them via HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS. To reach these objectives, a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to test the effect of different extraction conditions (time 2, 8 and 14 min), temperature (25, 62.5 and 100 °C) and solid ratio (0.25, 0.375 and 0.50 g) on the sum of phenolic content. On the one hand, the optimal conditions were 1 min infusion, 100 °C and 0.370 g of dry leaves. On the other hand, the 99% of the nine phenolic compounds identified were phenolic acids derivatives from hydroxycinnamic acid and the 1% belonged to the flavonoid family. The major compound was dicaffeoylquinic acid (68%). The difference between the results obtained and those of other researches is probably due to the stochastic nature of the vegetable matrix samples, since their chemical composition is susceptible to multiple factors.
To sum up, the use of experimental design provided greater quantity of phenolic compounds than other extraction techniques such as blanching, or only to the oxidation process. Besides, the high resolution of the TOF spectrometer allowed the characterization of new isomers of the compounds previously described.
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Dissanayake, P. "Development of a guayule production system for low-allergenic rubber in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19195.pdf.
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Willard, Katherine Lucia. "THE EFFECT OF FLOWERING ON RUBBER PRODUCTION IN GUAYULE (PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM GRAY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275333.
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Palomino, Pacheco Miriam. "Propiedades antioxidantes y prooxidantes de Psidium guajava L. (guayaba)." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2576.
Full textAbstract:
Se ha evaluado las propiedades antioxidantes de las variedades amarilla y verde de la guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) utilizando tres sistemas generadores de radicales hidroxilo: H2O2/Fe-II, ascorbato/Fe-III y ascorbato/Cu-II, y un sistema generador de anión superóxido constituido por fenazina metosulfato/azul de nitrotetrazolio/NADH, así mismo, se ha estudiado el efecto que ejercería la presencia en los mencionados sistemas, de antioxidantes como: EDTA, tioúrea y manitol. Las guayabas verde y amarilla mostraron un efecto similar con los sistemas antes mencionados, en presencia de H2O2/Fe-II incrementa en forma discreta la generación de radicales hidroxilo, efecto que disminuye cuando se adiciona a los medios de ensayo tioúrea ó EDTA. La generación de radicales hidroxilo por el sistema ascorbato/Fe-III es inhibido por ambas variedades de guayaba, la presencia de manitol ó tioúrea en dichos sistemas inhibieron la formación de radicales hidroxilo; en cambio, cuando se adicionó EDTA a los sistemas antes mencionados se produce un discreto aumento de radicales hidroxilo, cuyo valor no se modifica cuando incrementa la concentración de EDTA. Cuando se utiliza el sistema ascorbato/Cu-II para generar radicales hidroxilo, ambas variedades de guayaba inhibieron dicho proceso, la presencia de EDTA, tioúrea ó manitol en dichos sistemas produjeron una apreciable disminución de la generación de radicales hidroxilo. Ambas variedades de guayaba incrementaron la formación del anión superóxido generados por el sistema fenazina metosulfato/azul de nitrotetrazolio/NADH, efecto que disminuye considerablemente cuando se incrementa la concentración de guayaba, tornándose a mayores concentraciones en inhibidor de la formación del anión superóxido.Tesis
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Bekaardt, Claude R. (Claude Ron). "Establishment of Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52829.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a semi-desert plant with the potential to become an established crop on arid land in South Africa. The plant produces latex, which can be processed into rubber that is useful in application where disease transmission needs to be limited, such as for surgical gloves and condoms. The poor germination and natural dormancy characteristics of the embryo and the seed coats of guayule seed, motivated germination experiments. Germination of seed treated with solutions of gibberellic acid, smoke water and smoke watergibberellic acid was determined. Furthermore, combinations of gibberellic acid, smoke water and sodium hypochlorite treatment solutions were applied to seed to determine the germination responses. Vegetative propagation of guayule by means of cuttings was also investigated to determine the rooting responses of cuttings with treatment solutions of indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetamide and naphthalene acetic acid. Rooting percentage, root length and root weight was determined for each treatment. Dryland field trial plantings were established at different areas in South Africa to determine the growth potential and biomass production of guayule cultivars under different environmental conditions. Stand count, height, canopy diameter and stem diameter was determined for the different cultivars and areas. Lastly, latex production of guayule cultivars established in trial plots at Elsenburg, Oudtshoorn and Graaff- Reinet was determined after one year of growth. Treatment solutions of an aqueous smoke extract (commonly referred to as smoke water) and gibberellic acid were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in stimulating germination of four guayule seed lines (AZlOl, AZ-3, N565 and 11591). The split-plot analyses of variance showed no significant interaction between cultivar and treatment factors (P = 0.71), but when the day factor was included interaction was highly significant (P < 0.0001). The applied treatment thus had an effect on the time required for the germination response. Investigations into optimum germination responses indicated that smoke water-gibberellic acid required the shortest number of days (6.3 days) for optimum germination to occur with cultivar AZ-3. Furthermore, gibberellic acid treatment resulted in the greatest germination with the four cultivars 11591, AZ- 3, AZI0l and N565, at 93.78%, 93.35%, 94.41% and 99.42% respectively. These results show that guayule seed can be stimulated to germinate by treatment with gibberellic acid and smoke water solutions. Specific concentrations of treatment solutions of gibberellic acid, smoke water and sodium hypochlorite, and combinations thereof were used to evaluate the germination response of guayule seed cultivar AZ-2. Combinations of treatment solutions did not result in significantly increased seed germination responses. Single treatment solutions of gibberellic acid and smoke water did not significantly enhance germination, but sodium hypochlorite however, significantly (p <0.0001) suppressed germination at the 1% Cl and 2% Cl concentrations with about 5% and 10% respectively when compared to the control. Therefore, the applied seed treatments did not effectively increase the germination of guayule cultivar AZ-2 seed. Specific concentrations of indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetamide and naphthalene acetic acid treatment solutions were applied to guayule cuttings of cultivar AZ-3 and rooting response was determined for rooting percentage, root length and root weight. Naphthalene acetic acid treatment rooted the highest percentage of cuttings (52.38%) at a concentration of 60 mgll. Indole butyric acid treatment produced the longest roots (147.83 mm) at a concentration of 120 mg/l. Naphthalene acetamide obtained the heaviest roots (1.8 g) at a concentration of 120 mgll. Treatment solutions of indole butyric acid, naphthalene acetamide and naphthalene acetic acid indicated specific concentrations for optimum effect to improve root formation (by 30%), root length (by 50 mm) and root weight (by 1.5 g) when compared to the controls. Guayule trial plots of IOx10 m, rows 1 m apart and 30 cm between plants, and each cultivar (10 plants per unit) placed at random and replicated 6 times, were established in different areas under different environmental conditions in South Africa. Plantings were evaluated as a dryland practice, though irrigation was supplied only for establishment. Growth (stand count, height, canopy diameter, stem diameter) and biomass (wet and dry weight) were recorded for (1) oneyear old plantings established in April 2001 at Elsenburg, Graaff-Reinet and Oudtshoorn, and (2) six-month old plantings established in October 2001 at Bethulie, Glen and Upington. Analysis of variance was done to determine mean growth and biomass for the different areas and cultivars. (1) There were significant interactions between the factors area and cultivar for stand count and height, while canopy diameter and stem diameter differences were significant only within factors. The greatest growth potential was produced by cultivars AZ-2 and AZ-3, and Oudtshoorn was the best area for growth potential and biomass production. (2) Interaction between area and cultivar was significant for plant height, but were not significant for stand count, canopy diameter and stem diameter. Cultivars produced similar results for biomass production, but were significantly different in the different areas of Bethulie, Glen and Upington. Growth potential and biomass production of guayule was influenced by the availability of water during the growth of the plant. Latex production of guayule cultivars (AZ-2, AZ-3, N565, 11591) established in trial plots at different areas (Elsenburg, Oudtshoorn, Graaff-Reinet) in South Africa was investigated. Branch samples of one-year old plantings were harvested in April 2002, dipped in 1% ascorbate, sealed in plastic bags and chilled during airfreight to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Agricultural Research Service (ARS) in Albany CA. Latex extraction and quantification was done and mean latex production and comparisons of latex production for the cultivars in each area were determined. The evaluation of latex production show generally similar results in the different areas. Cultivars generally do not differ significantly from each other in the amount of latex produced in each area. Environmental stress factors on latex production occur in especially Oudtshoorn and Graaff-Reinet where the temperatures are above 25°C and below 1DoC. Since guayule is a slow growing shrub, latex accumulation is also slow and takes 4-6 years to reach economic harvesting potential. Production results are therefore preliminary and require further evaluation after each year of growth to present a complete view of guayule latex production over time. Propagation investigations were successful in identifying techniques to germinate guayule seed and promote rooting of cuttings with specialized treatment solutions. Field establishment of guayule under South African environmental conditions has identified suitable areas and indicated cultivar performances in these areas. Evaluation of the latex production of field plantings has demonstrated the potential of guayule in these areas. Currently the path to guayule development is paved with a network of research activities that is strengthened through cooperation between research institutions and private sector companies that bridge the gap between academic research and market exhibition.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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Mauala, Nusi Moa. "Evaluation of leaf characters of guayule varieties /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16751.pdf.
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DIERIG, DAVID ALLEN. "CONTRIBUTION OF YIELD COMPONENTS TO RUBBER PRODUCTION IN GUAYULE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184131.
Full textAbstract:
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) has the potential of becoming an important domestic source of natural rubber. Although some progress has been achieved in increasing yields, for guayule to become an economically feasible crop of the southwest desert, further increases in rubber yield, either by increasing biomass or the plant's rubber content, are necessary. Providing the variability for these desired traits is present in available germplasm, the plant breeder must find a means of selecting for these two traits. It is obvious that biomass can be visually estimated, and it is therefore easier to select for this trait in comparison to the plant's rubber content. Due to practical consideration such as harvesting and processing, high rubber content becomes more desirable than extremely large plants. However, it is hoped that measured characters can be found to predict both traits in order to aid the plant breeder. The variables measured in this study were percent rubber and resin, rubber and resin yield(g/plt.), plant height (cm), width (cm) and volume m³, fresh and dry weight (kg/plt.), mean steam diameter (cm), total and mean steam area (cm²), total and mean stem circumference (cm), total circumference/total area (cm⁻¹), stem number, percent dry weight, and regeneration. This study examined a field with 234 guayule breeding lines. A high amount of variability existed both within and among these lines. It was found that dry weight (kg/plt.) had the best correlation to rubber yields (r = 0.92) and plant volume best predicts dry weight (r = 0.84), but none of these variables correlated well with rubber content. The best statistical regression model for percent rubber included four variables, fresh and dry weight (kg/plt.), dry weight (%) and plant volume (m³). This model accounted for 51% of the variability. In comparison, the best regression on rubber yield had an R² = 0.85 for our variables including plant height (cm), width (cm), volume (m³) and dry weight (kg/plt.). It is obvious that rubber yields may be more easily increased by selecting for biomass. However, it appears that in the long term, increases in rubber content will be of critical importance for maximum efficiency. Therefore, a measurable indication of rubber content is needed to aid in selecting for this trait.
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Zittlosen, Russell Howard. "ESTABLISHMENT OF DIRECTLY SEEDED GUAYULE USING SPRINKLER IRRIGATION." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275366.
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ARIAS, TELLO ALVA NALLELI. "ANTEPROYECTO DE EXPORTACIÓN DE GUAYABA DE JUNGAPEO, MICHOACÁN A HELSINKI, FINLANDIA 2013." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68125.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación es una guía que le permitirá al exportador de guayaba expandir sus horizontes más allá del territorio nacional, aprovechando las peculiaridades y necesidades del mercado potencial de Finlandia, para introducir un fruto “nuevo” de origen orgullosamente mexicano, que incentive las relaciones comerciales, contribuya a mejorar la economía nacional y la calidad de vida de nuestros productores.
En el primer capítulo se desarrollan de manera breve, las teorías económicas y los conceptos fundamentales del Comercio Internacional en los que se basa el proyecto de exportación, además, contiene una breve reseña histórica de la evolución del intercambio comercial de México a través del tiempo, lo que ayudará a comprender el comportamiento de la economía en la actualidad.
En el segundo capítulo se presentan las relaciones comerciales de México con la Unión Europea y particularmente con Finlandia, para entender de manera detallada la relación bilateral, su movilidad de productos y servicios, y los beneficios de contar con un Tratado de Libre Comercio.
El tercer capítulo se enfoca en el estudio de mercado, que proporciona una visión general del mercado finlandés que abarca desde sus características geográficas, económicas y culturales; sus hábitos de consumo, su capacidad de producción, sus canales de distribución, hasta la competencia directa e indirecta. Además describe de manera detallada el comportamiento y la capacidad de la producción nacional de guayaba para una mejor comprensión de la oferta.
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El desarrollo del proyecto de exportación se localiza en el capítulo cuarto, cuyo objetivo principal es buscar la mejor eficiencia de los recursos de logística, almacenamiento y distribución, para una comercialización del producto de manera rápida y redituable. El apartado también incluye información relevante de aduanas, barreras arancelarias y no arancelarias, requerimientos de exportación, normas de calidad, higiene, etiquetado; así como formas de pago y contratos de compra-venta internacionales.
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Poscher, Elisabeth. "Salinity Effects on Guayule Leaf Anatomy and Physiology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194362.
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Salinity usually reduces plant growth in terms of height and biomass, but can increase secondary metabolite production. This frequently reported observation in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) was investigated for possible mechanisms.Osmotic and specific ion effects of four chloride salts (CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, and NaCl) on leaf anatomical and plant physiological parameters were studied. One-year-old plants of guayule line AZ 2 were grown under two salt concentrations (750 ppm and 1500 ppm) for each salt type (plus a control) in sand culture (semi-hydroponic) for eight weeks under controlled greenhouse conditions in Tucson, Arizona.Growth in height decreased with increasing salt concentration. Shoot dry weight, rubber, and resin contents, however, showed no significant differences between treatments, indicating no effect from either salt concentration or salt type. There was a trend for increasing rubber content with increasing salt concentration, although not statistically significant. At the same time, net CO2 gas exchange rates decreased significantly with increasing salinity.With increasing salt concentration, guayule showed osmotic effects in terms of height, indicating a lower hydraulic conductivity. Although plants of higher salt concentrations utilized significantly less water, they had the same shoot dry weights, rubber, and resin contents. Salt-stressed plants therefore achieved higher water use efficiencies. The diurnal net CO2 gas exchange rates were significantly reduced with increasing salinity; the nocturnal net CO2 gas exchange rates showed no significant difference between the treatments.Anatomically, it was found that the stomata were raised or elevated above the epidermis, and supported by upwardly curving cells. When guayule was grown under salt treatments, the trichomes were found to include deposits of material. Trichomes might act as a detoxification repository for excess ions. Although the physiological significance of raised stomata is unknown, it is hypothesized that the unique combination of raised stomata, indumentum, and multiple layers of palisade parenchyma allows for an overall high photosynthetic capacity and performance. During stress conditions such as salinity or drought, guayule might activate an internal CO2 concentrating mechanism, i.e., bicarbonate/CO2 pump, internal CO2 recycling, or PEP carboxylation activity.
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MAHMOOD, AHMED NOORI. "THE EFFECT OF HONEY BEE POLLINATION ON THE SEED QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF CULTIVATED GUAYULE PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM GRAY." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184080.
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Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is one of two major plants in the world grown for natural rubber and therefore, is of potential importance to the U.S. One area of research interest relates to methods of enhancing production of viable seeds. Therefore, studies were conducted in 1984, 1985, and 1986, in Tucson, Arizona to determine the effect of honey bee pollination on: seed set; seed weight; total seed yield; percentage of seed germination; yield and percentage of rubber and resin content. This experiment involved four guayule cultivars and four pollination treatments: plants caged with bees; plants caged without bees; plants open-pollinated; and plants individually covered with Delnet bags. All four cultivars responded positively to honey bee pollination. Plots with bees produced at least 195% more seeds than plots from which bees were excluded. However, there were no qualitative differences in the seed weights between the treatments. The percentage of seed germination from plots serviced by bees was significantly greater (65%) than from plots without bees (50%). Highest seed germination rates were obtained when seeds were collected in May (80%) and September (76%). June, July, and August seed collections resulted in lower seed germination rates (40%, 26%, and 63%, respectively). The plots in which bees were present gave a higher rubber yield (323 kg/ha) than plots without bees (255 kg/ha). However, there were no quantitative differences in the percentage of resin content between the treatments. These studies demonstrated that (1) honey bees can increase seed yield, seed germination, and rubber content in guayule, and (2) seeds produced during summer months had poorer germination rates and lower yields.
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Da, Cruz Marcos. "Studies on the germination and physical properties of Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) seed /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16755.pdf.
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Jorge, Marcal Henrique Amici. "GERMINATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GUAYULE (Parthenium argentatum GRAY) SEED." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1247%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Foster, Kennith E., N. Gene Wright, and Susan Fitzgerald Fansler. "Guayule Natural Rubber Commercialization: A Scale-Up Feasibility Study." Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/303352.
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Conducted under USDA Agreement No. 58-3159-7-11 Guayule Natural Rubber ProgramIntroduction: The United States imports 100 percent of its natural rubber. Ninety-two percent of our natural rubber production is concentrated in Southeast Asia, which is subject to interruptions through political action or direct military intervention. Natural rubber, a critical and strategic material, is necessary in such articles as aircraft and ground vehicle tires, medical supplies, resilient mounts, and certain acoustical applications. Synthetic elastomers cannot meet performance requirements in these areas. A domestic source of natural rubber will assist in assuring a supply of this critical material for industry and defense. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) signed a Master Memorandum of Understanding in 1982 that calls for cooperation with respect to food, agriculture, forestry, nutrition, and other research of mutual interest. With this MOU both agencies adopted a supplemental agreement in 1986 that initiated the Joint Guayule Domestic Rubber Program, whose ultimate goal is to promote an economically viable domestic guayule rubber industry. To accomplish this goal, both agencies have provided funding to plant and cultivate guayule shrubs, construct a 150 -long- ton -per -year prototype plant to extract rubber from the shrubs, and conduct evaluations to establish the performance capability of military products fabricated with domestic guayule rubber. A critical component of the supplemental agreement calls for the USDA to assess the feasibility of a commercial guayule rubber processing facility of 50,000-long-ton-per-year nameplace capacity. This report, based on the best available data (1990) and on assumptions of future advancements in technology (for 1996), is designed to address the commercial prospects for the establishment of a domestic guayule rubber industry. It also examines the feasibility and factors involved in meeting either 20 percent or 100 percent of the natural rubber needs of the U.S. Department of Defense in both peacetime and national emergency conditions.
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Paez, Zavala José Guadalupe. "ANÁLISIS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE GUAYABA EN CALVILLO, AGUASCALIENTES, 2017." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99159.
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De acuerdo el Servicio de Alimentación Agroalimentaria y Pesquera (SIAP, 2017)
en México el cultivo de la guayaba es uno de los trece frutales de mayor
importancia, con aproximadamente 294,208.25 toneladas. La mayor parte de la
producción se destina al mercado interno para el consumo en fresco. En México
es una fruta que se ha cultivado por más de un siglo, el estado de Michoacán es
el principal productor, posteriormente sigue Aguascalientes, en tercer sitio se
encuentra Zacatecas, la cuarta posición es para el estado de México y el quinto
lugar para Jalisco, estos 5 estados concentran el aproximadamente el 97.87%
de la producción nacional. La herramienta metodológica de la que se hace uso
para el análisis de la rentabilidad es la Matriz de Análisis de Política (MAP), con
la finalidad de conocer los costos e ingresos y así cuantificar la rentabilidad de la
producción de guayaba en Calvillo estado de Aguascalientes. Los resultados
obtenidos revelan que para los distintos tipos de producción de la región es
rentable para el ciclo productivo 2017, generando una derrama económica
importante en la región a consecuencia de que el cultivo es muy demandante de
mano de obra por la naturaleza del proceso de obtención del producto,
generando aproximadamente 1,095,339.00 jornales dedicados a esta actividad,
así mismo, se detectó que alcanza sus precios mas altos de comercialización en
las principales centrales de abasto en Diciembre debido a la gran demanda que
genera por las celebraciones de fin de año.Recursos propios
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Bates, Griffin Michael. "Characterizing the Cold Temperature Performance of Guayule (Pathenium argetnatum) Natural Rubber and Improving Processing of Guayule and Agronomic Practices of Taraxacum kok-saghyz." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448376403.
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Reimers, Carlos A. "Evolution of dwellings in progressive development projects : case study El Gallo, Ciudad Guayana." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56792.
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Progressive development projects are aimed at enforcing the process of dwelling evolution which has been observed in informal settlements by providing conditions that are favourable for housing development. This study suggests that, under these created environments, dwelling evolution presented particular characteristics that differentiated it from similar processes in other contexts.A long-term assessment of the phenomenon of dwelling evolution was conducted at "El Gallo", a progressive development project in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela. Dwelling evolution was examined by observing aspects of the process that were relevant to the case study. These included changes in the dwelling area, spatial configuration and functional layout. The case study provided different levels of user participation in the early stages of development that were also considered in the analysis.
The findings indicated a marked change from the temporary dwelling to the permanent structure. This process differed from the gradual replacement of initial shacks that is characteristic of informal settlements. The findings also revealed that the early involvement of the user, as well as the utilization of user-responsive designs for the permanent structure, resulted in lesser stages of dwelling evolution and higher degrees of dwelling development.
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Diallo, Mamadou MBaye 1962. "Genetic variability within and between apomictic Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) lines." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278439.
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Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray), a semidesert shrub was evaluated as a potential rubber crop. Since polyploid guayule reproduces by apomixis, progeny of individual plants should duplicate the characteristics of their parent. This study was conducted to estimate variations within and among progeny families from single-plant selections. Ten progeny per family were individually evaluated for plant height, width, fresh and dry weight of clipped branches, rubber and resin content, and yield. Leaves of selected plants were analyzed by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for esterase and peroxidase to estimate genetic relatedness between parents and progenies. Negative correlation was between parents and progenies for most characters, but none were statistically significant from zero. This suggests a low heritability for the characters measured. Esterase and peroxidase detected variation in banding between parents and progenies and among progenies. This study suggested that out-crossing and meiotic reduction have occurred among apomictic guayule lines.
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Moharreri, Ehsan. "Optimization, Scale Up and Modeling CO2-Water Pretreatment of Guayule Biomass." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1313013654.
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Ravuri, Evelyn D. "MIGRATION IN VENEZUELA, 1950-1990: A REASSESSMENT OF THE GUAYANA PROJECT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990791234.
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Martinez-Morales, Manuel, and Manuel Martinez-Morales. "Seawater intrusion at Guaymas Valley, Mexico: a flow and transport model." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626824.
Full textAbstract:
The study area is located in a semiarid region along the coast of southwestern
Sonora, Mexico. Groundwater represents the main water source for municipal and
agricultural consumption. Heavy water abstraction for agricultural use started in 1950,
reversing the natural hydraulic gradient. Steadily declining water levels near the coast have
allowed seawater to intrude the aquifer. Several water wells and adjacent farming areas
had to be abandoned. As sea water intrudes upon the fresh water aquifer, the groundwater
quality is deteriorated, impacting water usage for municipal and industrial activities.
Geological, geophysical and geochemical data were interpreted to develop the
groundwater flow system. Geological setting of the area is regarded as a classical "Basin
and Range" type, characterized by horst and graben structures. Geophysical soundings
detected a chaotic distribution of a deep clay unit.
A coupled flow-transport model of the aquifer was developed to simulate the
evolution of the seawater intrusion. Coupling process was achieved through a Picard
method to allow fluid density dependency of groundwater flow.
Modeled drawdowns of 60 meters below mean sea level as well as the sea water
front (2,000 ppm), which has advanced up to 10 km inland, closely matched observed
values. On the other hand, modeled results show that water from storage represented 71
% of total abstraction volume and that leakage from a deep unit has increased over time.
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ANA, MARÍA ROQUE OTERO. "EFECTO DE LA CONCENTRACIÓN DE EXTRACTOS HIDROALCOHÓLICOS SOBRE LA OBTENCIÓN DE COMPUESTOS BIOACTIVOS DE AGUACATE (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL) Y GUAYABA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.)." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104909.
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TRABAJO DE TESIS DE INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE COMPUESTOS BIOACTIVOS DE LOS RESIDUOS AGROINDUSTRIALES DE LOS CULTIVOS ESTUDIADOSEl presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la concentración de extractos hidroalcohólicos sobre la cuantificación de compuestos bioactivos, como fenoles totales (Por dos métodos Folin-Ciocalteu y por separación de solventes), saponinas, capacidad antioxidante, pH y color de pulpa, cáscara y hojas de aguacate (Persea americana Mill) y en pulpa, epidermis y hojas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.). Los resultados revelaron que la concentración de 50:50 v/v etanol-agua obtuvo el mayor contenido de compuestos bioactivos en la mayoría de las partes estudiadas en ambas especies. Las diferentes concentraciones tuvieron efectos sobre el pH y color de los extractos. La concentración de compuestos bioactivos y la capacidad antioxidante a diferencia que en otros reportes, fueron más altas en el extracto acuoso (0:100 v/v) etanol-agua de la cáscara de aguacate (Persea americana Mill) que en hojas y pulpa y se sugiere, como opción para alimentos. La concentración de compuestos bioactivos y la capacidad antioxidante en los extractos de hoja de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) fue mayor que en los otros extractos estudiados. La cáscara de aguacate y las hojas de guayaba se plantean como residuos agroindustriales promisorios para la alimentación de rumiantes. Finalmente, en base a los resultados obtenidos se sugiere determinar cualitativamente los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las diferentes partes vegetales de aguacate (Persea americana Mill) y guayaba (Psidium guajava L.).
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Lohr, Bernhard Gottsberger Gerhard. "Strukturanalyse einer 1-ha Fläche tropischen Terra Firme-Waldes in Französisch-Guayana /." [S.l. : s.n], 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40209721w.
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Ortiz, Larisalena 1975. "Preserving a pueblo : a plan for the future of Guayama, Puerto Rico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69446.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-162).
Since the 1980's, Puerto Rican development has been marked by low-density automobile-oriented growth, and commercial decentralization. This type of growth has increasingly put Puerto Rico's traditional downtowns, or 'pueblos,' at risk of continued abandonment as people and businesses move to the suburbs. The result has been increased residential and commercial vacancies, a redundancy in physical infrastructure that Puerto Rico can ill afford to support, and the continued loss of natural, architectural and cultural heritage resources. The goal of this thesis is to prevent the further demise of Puerto Rico's pueblos by providing a model for the revitalization of Guayama, Puerto Rico, a community of 45,000 people located about 40 miles south of San Juan, the capital city. Guayama remains one of Puerto Rico's most vibrant pueblos, yet the decline of downtown is unmistakable. Abandoned homes and empty commercial spaces are common. However, Guayama's relative strength compared to other pueblos means it has the potential to lead Puerto Rico in a series of innovative downtown development strategies aimed at reversing this slow decline. Working from analysis of Puerto Rican economic conditions, Guayama's own strengths and weaknesses, and case studies, this thesis culminates in a work plan based on three guiding principles: the preservation and celebration of Guayama's heritage and culture; the support of local businesses, and a better downtown for the pueblo's resident population. This vision is supported through recommendations that develop local institutional capacity and increase local and visitor demand. Institutional capacity, or the ability of local organizations to develop and implement revitalization strategies, forms the backbone of this thesis. Case studies suggest that a downtown coordinator and a relatively independent downtown organization are important components of successful revitalization initiatives. They provide formal opportunities for private sector involvement in local development while simultaneously creating a strong local mechanism for implementation. Guayama's strong cultural heritage and proximity to nature reserves form the foundation for strategies aimed at increasing visitor demand through "Heritage Tourism." Attracting people to the region's numerous cultural and historic sites, many of which are related to the region's sugar cane history, requires close partnerships with local municipalities and commonwealth institutions. A downtown coordinator can also help Guayama lead such a regional partnership initiative. Combining strong institutional capacity with recommendations aimed at increasing local and visitor demand for Guayama's goods and services will result in a pueblo full of energy and vitality, where people continue to live, work, shop and visit. Guayama's success, in turn, will serve as a model for other Puerto Rican pueblos interested in revitalizing their own communities.
by Larisalena Ortiz.
M.C.P.
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Saldanha, João Darcy de Moura. "Poços, potes e pedras: uma longa história indígena na Costa da Guayana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-04102017-164909/.
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A arqueologia amazônica passou por uma série de mudanças no entendimento sobre a natureza da ocupação pré-colonial desta região ao longo dos anos. Há hoje sólidas bases para perceber que a Amazônia, tanto no passado quanto no presente, é extremamente heterogênea, indo além do que colocam os modelos dicotômicos que historicamente influenciaram a arqueologia amazônica. Neste contexto, esta tese busca descrever uma longa história indígena em uma região da Amazônia, o litoral da Guayana, mais especificamente uma região compreendida entre foz do Amazonas até a foz do rio Orinoco, parte da conhecida historicamente \"Costa Selvagem\". Uma das perguntas fundamentais da tese, que busco perseguir através da descrição desta longa história, é qual a origem e natureza dos monumentos e das cerâmicas altamente elaboradas encontradas associadas a eles nesta região a leste da Guayana. Desta forma aqui apresentaremos uma síntese da ocupação, advinda dos novos dados obtidos nos últimos anos, iniciando com os primeiros ocupantes da Guayana Oriental até uma reconfiguração ética ocorrida na região a partir dos séculos XVIII e XIX D.C. Buscamos desta forma aqui alinhavar relações possíveis entre diversos elementos presentes na cultura material da região, monitorando continuidades e mudanças nas relações entre objetos, lugares e pessoas.Branco.
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Quijano, Celis Clara Elizabeth. "ESTUDIOS DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE VOLÁTILES Y SU EVOLUCIÓN DURANTE LA DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA DE LA GUAYABA PALMIRA ICA-1 (Psidium guajava L.)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/13828.
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Para comprender la composición de volátiles en guayaba fresca (Psidium guajava L.) Palmira ICA-1, en este estudio se plantearon diferentes métodos de extracción: la extracción líquido-líquido (L-L), la destilación-extracción simultáneas con disolvente (SDE), la microextracción en fase sólida del espacio de cabeza (HS-SPME) y la extracción con fluidos supercríticos (SFE). Se establecieron semejanzas y diferencias en la composición de acuerdo al método usado. Un total de 134 compuestos fueron identificados por los diferentes métodos de extracción, los ésteres, aldehídos y alcoholes fueron los más representativos. Se determinó la contribución sensorial mediante el cálculo de las unidades de olor (concentración del compuesto/umbral de olor) para los compuestos aislados por SDE, teniendo en cuenta el efecto de la temperatura durante el método de extracción. De igual forma se estudió la influencia del pH en la composición del aroma, 38 constituyentes volátiles se identificaron como enlazados a glicósidos.
Igualmente, se realizó un estudio del mecanismo hidrodinámico (HDM) de la deshidratación osmótica con y sin pulso de vacío. Las mayores pérdidas de agua, ocurrieron con los tratamientos a 50 °C y con disoluciones osmóticas de 50 y 40 °Brix. La mayor transferencia de solutos ocurrió a 40 y 50 °C con vacío pulsante. Se demostró la influencia de los parámetros como temperatura, tiempo y concentración de la disolución osmótica en la cinética de la pérdida de agua, ganancia de solutos y evolución de la composición de volátiles en el producto osmodeshidratado. En general, las mayores pérdidas de volátiles ocurrieron a 50 ºC, mientras que las menores fueron a 30 y 40 ºC hasta 2 h con disolución osmótica a 30 y 40 ºBrix. Los ésteres fueron los compuestos que sufrieron mayores pérdidas durante el proceso de deshidratación osmótica a presión atmosférica y con pulso de vacío.Quijano Celis, CE. (2011). ESTUDIOS DE LA COMPOSICIÓN DE VOLÁTILES Y SU EVOLUCIÓN DURANTE LA DESHIDRATACIÓN OSMÓTICA DE LA GUAYABA PALMIRA ICA-1 (Psidium guajava L.) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/13828
Palancia
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Blohm, Maren Elizabeth Veatch. "Genetic and Environmental Effects on Growth, Resin and Rubber Production in Guayule (Parthenium Argentatum, Gray)." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1329%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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VILLAFAÑA, VILLAFAÑA LILITH DANAE, and HERNANDEZ MARYSANDRA HERRERA. "FORMULACION Y EVALUACION DEL ANTEPROYECTO DE INVERSION DE ELABORACION DE PURE DE GUAYABA CONCENTRADO EN EL MUNICIPIO DE COATEPEC DE HARINAS." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/68019.
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La estructura del proyecto es la siguiente:
En el primer capítulo se presenta el marco conceptual que regirá el anteproyecto. La
justificación, los objetivos generales y específicos; así como la metodología utilizada.
El segundo capítulo del anteproyecto comprende el estudio de mercado, en donde se
define el producto a comercializar, y se realiza un análisis de la demanda, oferta,
precios y canales de comercialización.
En el capítulo tercero se realiza el estudio técnico, en donde se determina la
localización óptima de la planta, la ingeniería del proyecto que incluye un estudio de la
materia prima e insumos, la tecnología a utilizar y el proceso de producción para la
elaboración del producto; y la distribución óptima de la planta para el adecuado
funcionamiento de la misma.
En el cuarto capítulo se define la estructura organizacional más adecuada para
laempresa, así como el marco legal para la puesta en marcha.
Finalmente, en el capítulo quinto se realiza el estudio económico-financiero en donde
se determina la inversión inicial, la estructura del capital social, los presupuestos de
ingresos y egresos totales, así como los estados financieros proforma. En la evaluación
financiera se determina si el proyecto es viable o no, a través del cálculo del Valor
Actual Neto, la Tasa Interna de Rendimiento y el Período de Recuperación de la
Inversión, realizando un análisis de escenarios del proyecto.
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PFEIFFER, CHARLES MICHAEL. "GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF MYCORRHIZAL GUAYULE IN SALINE SOILS (ENDOMYCORRHIZAE, GLOMUS INTRARADICES, SALINITY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183780.
Full textAbstract:
Inoculation of Parthenium argentatum (guayule) with an endomycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) increased the growth of guayule in saline and non-saline soils low in available phosphorus. Addition of 100 ug/g of P as Ca(H2PO4)2 to soils low in available phosphorus was as efficient as G. intraradices in stimulating the growth of guayule. The concentrations and total plant accumulations of minerals within guayule shoots varied depending on growth of the plants and the minerals assayed. In most cases, the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Na and Cl increased in the shoot tissues of guayule grown in soils which contained added NaCl. Generally, addition of phosphorus to the soil resulted in decreased concentrations of Cu and Zn and increased concentrations of PO4 in guayule shoots. The total accumulations of minerals by guayule was directly influenced by the biomass of plants. Increased biomass of plants generally resulted in increased total accumulations of the minerals assayed. The influence of mycorrhizae on the accumulations of minerals by guayule grown in a saline soil was evaluated by comparing nonmycorrhizal plants with the same biomass and phosphorus nutrition as mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizae increased the concentrations and total plant accumulations of Zn and decreased the content of Cl within guayule shoots. Colonization of guayule roots by G. intraradices was not affected by addition of P to the soil. Addition of NaCl to the soil decreased the formation of arbuscules and vesicles within roots and increased the incidence in which no fungal structures were seen. The combination of P and NaCl added to soil had a synergistic effect on the mycorrhizae of guayule. Addition of both P and NaCl to soil reduced the occurrence of hyphae, arbuscules and vesicles within roots and decreased the overall infection of guayule roots by G. intraradices.
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Morrissey, Megan. "The architecture of inequality foreign influence and urban planning in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/441854511/viewonline.
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Islam, S. M. Mahfuzul. "Valorization of guayule and soy biomass through pretreatment, enzyme production and enzymatic hydrolysis." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1525110947568914.
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Ren, Xianjie ren. "Improving sustainability of rubber composites with renewable additives and epoxidized guayule natural rubber." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574440536318129.
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Safont, Crespo Elisabet. "Flora and vegetation of the Guayana highlands : past dynamics, global warming and conservation guidelines = Flora i vegetació de les Terres de Guayana : dinàmica del passat, escalfament global i directrius de conservació." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386460.
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This thesis is aimed at the study of the flora and vegetation of the Guayana Highlands (GH), a set of -50 table mountains (called tepuis) located in the Guayana Shield of northern South America. Special emphasis is put on the potential upward migration of vascular plants as a response to global warming and the suggestion of conservation strategies. The tepui summits contain exceptional diversity and endemism of vascular plants, with more than 2400 known species, of which 30% would be endemics. In this study, the results of the Altitudinal Range Displacement analysis suggest that 30-50% of the GH endemic species could disappear due to total habitat loss by 2100 according to the most optimistic (B1) and pessimistic (A2) warming scenarios, respectively. An Environmental Impact Value has been calculated for each threatened species for a subsequent classification of these species into priority categories (10 for B1 and 13 for A2), which should be used in a chronological sequence to guide conservation and research actions.
Subsequently, flora and vegetation approaches have been applied for the verification of the migratory phenomenon in the GH. Since this verification is based on the comparison of inventories conducted at different times, the first necessary step is to establish a baseline. The Roraima-tepui summit (2810 m elevation) has been selected for that purpose, as it is the best well-known tepui from the botanical point of view. The floristic survey of this tepuian summit has yielded 227 species, including 44 novelties since the publication of the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, one species new for science (Epidendrum sp. nov.), and 13 exotics, among which Poa annua and Polypogon elongatus (Poaceae) show the highest invasive potential. Five main plant communities have been identified: three herbaceous, one shrubland, and one forest formation, with their corresponding diagnostic species. An environmental characterization of these communities has been also performed.
Finally, palaeoecological records may provide valuable information of the species' responses to past environmental changes, which is not available from short-term ecological observations. In this thesis, a palynological analysis of a sedimentary sequence from Uei-tepui (2150 m elevation) has been conducted to record the vegetation changes occurred in the last 2000 years in this tepui and to investigate the potential drivers involved. At -810 cal yr BP (AD 1140), a peak of fire incidence, coeval with a decrease in regional precipitation, reduced the woody elements of meadows (mainly Biophytum) and the Bonnetia cloud forests. Forest recovery to its previous abundance occurred slowly and elapsed several centuries to be completed after fire disturbance. In the mid-18th century, forests and meadows were replaced by Cyrilla racemiflora shrublands, coinciding with intense fires, synchronous with the arrival of Europeans to the Gran Sabana (GS) uplands. These results suggest that fire has been the main factor in the shaping of Uei¬tepui vegetation during the last two millennia. The documented local fire events were most likely caused by human activities and reached the summit from the GS, probably favoured by climatic conditions. The last local fire leading to forest clearing and the establishment of present-day vegetation most likely took place in the AD 1920s.
The preservation of the GH flora in front of global warming should be addressed, at least partially, through ex situ conservation techniques, due to the nature of the threat (habitat loss). However, the documentation in this study of other human impacts (trampling on vegetation, exotic species, changes in soil properties, etc.) and the emergence of fire as a potential disturbing agent of the GH biome highlight that in situ conservation through protected areas may also be very important. A management plan with the involvement of local indigenous communities should be implemented in the GH region (i.e., lowlands, uplands and highlands), in order to reduce the risks posed by global warming, human impacts, and the potential synergy among them.Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu l'estudi de la flora i la vegetació de les Terres Altes de Guayana (TAG), un conjunt de -50 muntanyes tabulars (anomenades tepuis) situades al nord d'Amèrica del Sud, amb especial èmfasi en la potencial migració altitudinal de les plantes vasculars com a resposta a l'escalfament global. Els cims dels tepuis contenen una diversitat i endemisme de plantes vasculars excepcional. Aquest estudi suggereix que el 30-50% de les espècies endèmiques de les TAG podrien desaparèixer per pèrdua total d'hàbitat cap a l'any 2100 segons els escenaris d'escalfament B1 (més optimista) i A2 (més pessimista), respectivament. S'ha calculat un Valor d'Impacte Ambiental per a cada espècie amenaçada per a la posterior classificació d'aquestes espècies en categories de prioritat (10 pel B1 i 13 per l'A2), les quals haurien de ser utilitzades en una seqüència cronològica per orientar les accions de conservació i recerca. Posteriorment, s'ha establert una línia base de diversitat florística, endemisme i vegetació al cim del Roraima-tepui per a la verificació del fenomen migratori a les TAG. L'inventari florístic d'aquest cim tepuià conté 227 espècies, incloent 44 nous registres, una espècie nova per a la ciència i 13 espècies exòtiques. S'han identificat cinc tipus de comunitats vegetals principals, amb les seves corresponents espècies diagnòstiques. També s'ha dut a terme una caracterització ambiental d'aquestes comunitats. Finalment, l'estudi paleoecològic de la seqüència sedimentària del Uei-tepui ha permès documentar la resposta de les espècies als canvis ambientals dels últims 2000 anys. Els resultats suggereixen que el foc ha estat el principal factor que ha modelat la vegetació del Uei durant aquest període. Els esdeveniments de focs locals molt probablement van ser causats per activitats humanes i van assolir el cim des de la Gran Sabana afavorits per les condicions climàtiques. La preservació de la flora de les TAG enfront de l'escalfament global s'hauria d'adreçar, com a mínim parcialment, mitjançant tècniques de conservació ex situ, a causa de la naturalesa de l'amenaça (pèrdua d'hàbitat). No obstant, la documentació en aquest estudi d'altres impactes humans (trepig de la vegetació, espècies exòtiques, canvis en les propietats del sòl, etc.) i l'aparició del foc com a potencial agent pertorbador del bioma tepuià posen de manifest que la conservació in situ mitjançant àrees protegides pot ser també molt important.
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Suchat, Sunisa. "Dosage du polyisoprène et des résines de la biomasse de guayule (Parthenium argentatum) par spectroscopie proche infrarouge (SPIR) : méthodes d'extraction par solvant de référence." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20210/document.
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Dosage du polyisoprène et des résines de la biomasse de guayule (Parthenium argentatum) par spectroscopie proche infrarouge (SPIR) Méthodes d'extraction par solvant de référence Un protocole basé sur l'extraction accélérée (ASE) avec l'acétone (EA) (résine) puis l'hexane (EH) (polyisoprène, PI) a été sélectionné et optimisé (rendement maximal; adapté à l'analyse de séries) ; quantification d'abord basée sur le poids de l'extrait (gravimétrie). L'EH est maximal à 120°C après étapes avec l'acétone à 40°C (plan d'expérience). La contamination croisée a été confirmée par SEC et FTIR (5 à 29%), conduisant à une deuxième méthode basée sur résine et PI et non plus sur EA et EH, incluant le PI de faible masse molaire (Mw) de l'EA. Ces 2 méthodes de référence ont servi à calibrer la SPIR (chimiométrie/PLS, coeff. beta) afin de relier signature spectrale, PI, résine. ASE-SPIR, couplés ici pour la première fois, ont été plus performants (R² 0.96; 0.98; RPD 4.8; 4.6; EA et EH resp.) que les méthodes de la littérature, grâce aux 215 échantillons représentatifs (génotypes, saison, âge du guayule, climat). La méthode tenant compte de la contamination est moins performante (erreur exp. due aux analyses SEC et FTIR; variation de composition des résines). Ayant montré la dégradation du PI au cours de l'extraction, un autre protocole a été étudié (biomasse humide, un solvant, une seule étape, 20°C) afin d'accéder au Mw «natif », donnant 2.106 g au lieu de 6.105 avec la biomasse séchée; il faut donc être prudent face aux Mw de guayule de la littérature. Ce travail montre la nécessité de tenir compte de la complexité de la biomasse de guayule (échelle cellulaire/PI vacuolaire, résine des canaux; moléculaire/instabilité chimique) lors de l'extraction du PI pour l'analyse structurale. Ces méthodes analytiques ont contribué à produire des prototypes (gant non allergisant, pneu) à haut Mw et à l'acclimatation en Europe dans le cadre du projet EU-PearlsMeasurement of resin and polyisoprene in Parthenium argentatum (guayule) biomass using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) -Associated solvent-based reference methods .A protocol based on sequential extraction with acetone (resin) and hexane (polyisoprene, PI) with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was optimized and selected (maximized yield; adapted to large series) instead of Soxhlet and homogenizer. Quantification was first based on extract weight (gravimetry). Hexane extract was maximized at 120°C, after acetone steps at 40°C, through an experimental design. Cross contamination was confirmed and quantified (5 to 29%; SEC and FTIR). This gave a second method based on resin and PI, instead of crude extracts, accounting for low average molar mass PI (Mw) extracted by acetone instead of hexane. Both reference methods were used for calibrating NIRS applied to powdered biomass, with chemometric tools (PLS loadings, beta coefficients) to interpret spectral bands vs PI-resin relationship. ASE, not used before as reference, is highly reliable, and calibration with gravimetry (R² 0.96; 0.98; RPD 4.8; 4.6; for acetone and hexane extract) better than published data, thanks to the 215 samples covering genotypes, harvest date, plant age, climate. The method using cross contamination was less efficient because of higher experimental error induced by additional SEC and FTIR, and change in resin composition. Having set NIRS methods, a new protocol (single solvent THF, minimized processing, 20°C, fresh biomass) was designed to avoid degradation, yielding PI extracts with Mw above 2.106g/mole, closer to in vivo structure (6.105 when using dried guayule); caution to sample preparation in literature dealing with guayule PI structure. This calls for considering the complex structure of guayule biomass (PI in cells; resin in ducts; chemical instability) when extracting PI. These methods allowed producing high PI Mw glove and tire prototypes and domesticating this new crop in Europe within the EU-Pearls project
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Azpurua, C. Antonio J. (Antonio José). "The role of the Guayana Development Corporation in Venezuelan industrialization : diversification or vertical integration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71060.
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Cheshire, H. "A high-resolution multiproxy late Neogene palaeoclimate record from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445547/.
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The annual migration of the North Pacific Subtropical High, fuelled by tropical heat and moisture---derived partly from the Atlantic---drives seasonal coastal upwelling and, importantly, transports heat into the mid-latitudes. Interannual to orbital cyclicity affects eastern North Pacific climate by varying the relative strengths/interactions of the Subtropical High and the Aleutian Subpolar Low. In modern Guaymas Basin---situated at the wet/dry subtropical divide---dry-season diatom productivity alternates with wet-season terrestrial flux, and pre-formed low-oxygen intermediate waters ensure varve deposition. High-resolution logging of 75% laminated, 63 m, continuous piston core MD02-2515 and companion 6 m kasten core MD02-2517 has identified eight sediment fabric types, six of which are laminated with systematic variations in relative lamina thickness and presence/absence of sub-laminae. Based on observed climate and supported by climate proxies provided by continuous X-ray fluorescence, colour, magnetic susceptibility, sediment density, biogenic silica, carbon and microfossil analyses, the sediment fabric types have been interpreted as the result of climatic/oceanographic conditions produced by variations in the strength of the North Pacific Subtropical High and the extent of its migration. Varve thickness, 6180 stratigraphy and correlation with the o13C stratigraphy of nearby radiocarbon dated core JPC-56 (Keigwin, 2002) gives an age range of 0-36,000 Years. Systematic variations in the predominance of one or more sediment types reveal precessional forcing, which drives a 5000-year oscillation of millennial- and centennial-scale wet/dry cycles, the former are associated with June/December perihelion, the latter with March/September perihelion. Between 34-11,000 yr BP there are significant non-laminated intervals every 5000 years. This study indicates that the Trade Winds are confined close to the equator during the glacial. This breaks the hydrological link between the Atlantic and Pacific and reduces dysoxia in coastal waters.
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Döhnert, Sylvia 1970. "Mediating regional development : how metalworking firms forged lasting linkages with steel in Ciudad, Guayana, Venezuela." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29314.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, February 2003.Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 263-275).
Ever since the late 1950s, planners have lured large firms to lagging regions with the expectation that they will trigger local industrial activity. According to the literatures on unbalanced growth, growth poles, foreign direct investment, and global commodity chains, large firms can dynamize lagging economies by creating a market for inputs, which then stimulates and fortifies local suppliers. Yet in practice, many national and regional development efforts centered on attracting large firms have not elicited this hoped for, backward linkage effect. This study researches why large firms arriving to lagging regions seldom induce local suppliers, and how they can. Existing studies relate linkage behavior to firm-specific or industry-specific variables. This research differs in looking at the process through which large firms develop links to local suppliers. Specifically, this study traces the evolution of backward linkages in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela, where more than 100 small and medium metalworking firms developed to supply the large steel firm Siderirgica del Orinoco (SIDOR) with maintenance, parts and equipment. Research of other steel-centered cases in lagging regions reveals that this linkage effect is uncommon. When it happens, local suppliers tend to disappear following their client firm's restructuring. In contrast, Ciudad Guayana's metalworking firms successfully survived SIDOR's 1997 privatization to a foreign multinational, and head regional development efforts there today.
(cont.) Two main findings emerge from this study. First, backward linkages do not occur automatically, for large firms arriving to lagging regions tend to resist local procurement. In Ciudad Guayana, both foreign firms and state-owned enterprises charged with regional development exhibited this resistance towards local suppliers. Second, local suppliers can build customer-supplier relations to these large, potential customers despite their initial resistance. To do so, local suppliers must simultaneously address the demand-side and supply-side difficulties that inhibit localized linkages. Local suppliers must convince potential customers to procure locally, and at the same time facilitate local firms' investment in upgrading. This work requires significant collective action, mediation, and embeddedness on the part of local suppliers' business organizations. Luckily, the case of Ciudad Guayana shows how local suppliers may develop these abilities within the process of building backward linkages itself.
by Sylvia Dohnert.
Ph.D.
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Griffin, Helen. "High resolution palaeoceanography and palaeoclimatology from Late Quaternary laminated sediments, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359060/.
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Duque, Maria Isabel Guevara. "Between metals and treads: an archaeometric approach to metallic artefacts from yaguachi chiefdom burials (Guayas Basin, Ecuador)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27738.
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ABSTRACT:
The Yaguachi chiefdom was one of the largest groups in the region prior and during
Spanish contact. The Yaguachi polity was part of the Milagro-Quevedo archaeological culture,
who occupied the entire Guayas Basin in the central and southwestern Ecuador between
Guayaquil and the Andes during the Integration (800-1400 CE) and early Hispanic Period. This
was a highly organized society with a complex political and social organization, evidence of
long distance trade, metal jewelry, mound construction and chimney burials. During
excavations on the lower Guayas Basin, the ‘Vuelta Larga’ burial mounds were identified.
Some of these burials contained offerings of various types, including local goods like pottery,
and foreign ones like metal artefacts, shell beads and obsidian. This research will attempt to
determine the metal artefacts’ composition, the relation between artefact’s composition,
color and class, possible connection to other sites or cultures of the Andes and the source of
the fibers attached to some of the artefacts, through the use non-destructive analytical
techniques: stereomicroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, scanning electron
microscopy and environmental SEM. From these analyses, connections to other sites might
be drawn based on artefacts’ metallic composition and manufacturing technique.
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Negreiros, Janaina. "La Organización Sindical Agraria en Ecuador : Un estudio sobre la Provincia de Guayas." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8286.
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Este estudio analiza el sindicalismo agrario ecuatoriano en términos de representación de diferentes actores sociales. Se enfatiza en particular el desarrollo del caso específico de la Federación Nacional de trabajadores agroindustriales, campesinos e indígenas libres del Ecuador/FENACLE, y se averigua si hay diferencias entre el sindicalismo practicado por ella y el sindicalismo tradicional, más preocupado con aspectos económicos. Asimismo, se discute las medidas en que las políticas neoliberales cambian las condiciones de la lucha social en el Ecuador, y de qué manera esas políticas influyen en las condiciones de la lucha social en el Ecuador y en el desarrollo específico de la federación. El objetivo secundario del estudio es cuestionar la significación del movimiento campesino, el movimiento indígena y el sindicato agrario y asimismo discutir las posibles diferencias entre esos movimientos y en qué grado de representación la FENACLE involucra a cada uno de los grupos ya mencionados. La primera hipótesis es que una vez que la federación representa a trabajadores agrícolas, campesinos e indígenas, defendiéndolos y valorando sus culturas y costumbres, es de suponer que la federación no solamente se preocupa por el aspecto económico, sino también por la identidad y la formación socio-política de sus afiliados. Sin embargo, se podrá observar que hay un cierto grado de dificultad en cuanto a la representación de estos grupos. Otro supuesto del estudio, que se confirma al final del estudio, es que la razón para el debilitamiento de la acción sindical se debe a un cambio en las leyes laborales, a partir de la década de los 90, al tiempo que ha abierto posibilidades a nuevos actores sociales. Luego, queda claro que la FENACLE representa a indígenas, campesinos y trabajadores rurales asalariados, a medida en que logra atender a sus demandas, y que la diferencia entre los movimientos que representan a estos grupos no es tan evidente, dado que los actores representados por estos movimientos pueden ser al mismo tiempo campesinos, indígenas y trabajadores asalariados.
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Salazar, Gonz��lez Claudia. "Pasteurizaci��n con microondas de n��ctar de guayaba: estabilidad fisicoqu��mica, microbiol��gica y sensorial." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2011. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/mca/salazar_g_c/.
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La guayaba es una fruta tropical altamente perecedera. Sus atributos de calidad se deterioran en un tiempo corto, por lo que tiene que ser procesada en una variedad de productos como el n��ctar de guayaba. Los n��ctares de frutas a menudo se pasteurizan para extender su vida ��til; sin embargo pueden generarse sabores a cocido. Diversos estudios han reportado la factibilidad del calentamiento por microondas para el tratamiento de alimentos l��quidos. Por esta raz��n, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la pasteurizaci��n con microondas sobre las propiedades fisicoqu��micas, microbiol��gicas y sensoriales de n��ctar de guayaba. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se estableci�� la formulaci��n del n��ctar de guayaba de acuerdo con las especificaciones del Codex Alimentarius (1985) y la aceptaci��n sensorial del producto. Con la formulaci��n elegida, se elabor�� un n��ctar y se determin�� su pH, contenido de vitamina C, acidez titulable, actividad de la enzima pectinmetilesterasa (PME), color, propiedades reol��gicas y cuenta total de microorganismos(cont.) As�� tambi��n, se determinaron los par��metros cin��ticos (D y z) de inactivaci��n t��rmica de la pectinmetilesterasa a 60, 65 y 70 ��C. El n��ctar fresco se trat�� por calentamiento en un sistema de microondas por lotes (2450 MHz) a 90 ��C usando dos niveles de potencia (500 y 950 W) y tiempos de retenci��n preestablecidos (9 y 11 s, respectivamente). A las muestras tratadas a 500 y 950 W se les denominaron como MW500 y MW950, respectivamente. Las condiciones de pasteurizaci��n fueron determinadas en funci��n de la inactivaci��n de la enzima PME. Los n��ctares tratados con microondas se almacenaron a 4 ��C y a los 0, 4, 8 y 12 d��as de almacenamiento se evaluaron en cuanto a sus propiedades fisicoqu��micas y microbiol��gicas. Adem��s, al octavo d��a de almacenamiento se realiz�� una evaluaci��n sensorial para conocer la aceptabilidad general del producto y para detectar diferencias entre el n��ctar fresco y el n��ctar pasteurizado con microondas
(cont.) Los resultados obtenidos se compararon con los de n��ctares pasteurizados en un Intercambiador de Calor de Placas ICP (90 ��C, 0.8 L/min) que fueron almacenados a 4 ��C durante 12 d��as. Se obtuvieron valores de D75 ��C= 4.74 min y z= 5.1 ��C para la enzima PME en n��ctar de guayaba. Los resultados mostraron una inactivaci��n de PME del 53-56 % para las muestras tratadas con microondas; el nivel de potencia no tuvo un efecto significativo (p>0.05). La acidez titulable (0.14 % ��cido c��trico) y los grados Brix (15) no cambiaron significativamente (p>0.05) despu��s del tratamiento con microondas mientras que la vitamina C y el pH s�� se vieron afectados. El coeficiente de consistencia (K) disminuy�� de 1.78 a 1.27 Pa*sn para la muestra MW500 mientras que no se observaron cambios para la muestra MW950 (1.78 Pa*sn); el ��ndice de flujo (n) se mantuvo en 0.20-0.21 en todas las muestras
(cont.) No se observaron diferencias con respecto al color de los n��ctares despu��s del calentamiento con microondas (ΔE*=0.69-0.75). Las propiedades fisicoqu��micas y los conteos microbiol��gicos de las muestras tratadas con microondas no mostraron cambios significativos (p>0.05) durante el almacenamiento en refrigeraci��n; la muestra testigo (sin tratamiento) mostr�� cambios en el pH y una disminuci��n del 31 % en el contenido de vitamina C. La actividad enzim��tica se mantuvo constante mostrando un valor promedio de 1.50 x 10-4 U.A.E./mL al d��cimo segundo d��a de almacenamiento. El testigo no mostr�� cambios significativos (p>0.05) en la actividad de enzim��tica durante el almacenamiento, sin embargo, mostr�� un valor promedio de 2.14 x 10-4 U.A.E./mL No se observaron cambios en el par��metro L*(56.01) ni en el par��metro b* (16.96) para la muestra MW500 durante el almacenamiento
(cont.) Las propiedades reol��gicas de las muestras tratadas con microondas no mostraron cambios significativos (p>0.05) durante el periodo de almacenamiento refrigerado. La muestra tratada en el ICP mostr�� una mayor actividad enzim��tica residual (44.4 %) y una mayor diferencia neta de color (ΔE*= 2.12) al d��a 12 del almacenamiento que la muestra MW500, y tuvo mayor estabilidad desde el punto de vista reol��gico. El calentamiento por microondas se considera una tecnolog��a factible para el tratamiento t��rmico de n��ctar de guayaba; la muestra MW500 present�� mejores caracter��sticas de color, mayor estabilidad enzim��tica y reol��gica que las muestras tratadas en un ICP
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Botello-Ruvalcaba, Martin Armando. "Physical, chemical, biological and management aspects of coastal ecosystems facing eutrophication : the Guaymas Bay, Sonora, Mexico." Thesis, University of Hull, 1999. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16865.
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The present study has encompassed a series of field observations and theoretical considerations related to physical, chemical, and biological factors defining the process of eutrophication in the Guaymas system. Additionally, the work has produced the basic ecosystem model of the system through the modelling of the hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics, budget dynamics, net ecosystem metabolism and the potential for eutrophication. These findings produce an overall assessment of the system, which together with the environmental legislation and socio-economic concerns, allows those factors influencing decision making to be highlighted. In general, the knowledge of the hydrodynamic features indicates that the flushing capacity of the system may be insufficient to remove pollution discharged into the Guaymas sub-system and Estero el Rancho. There is a residual mass of water that exchanges from the Empalme sub-system to the Guaymas sub-system. Simulation of the trends for potential net transport of sediment indicates that bedload transport is likely to occur toward the head of the Guaymas sub-system. For the Empalme subsystem, there was a net bedload displacement toward the mouth. Mathematical interrelationships between measured phytoplankton biomass and environmental parameters shows through a MRA model that nearly 100% of its variance is influenced by nutrients, pH, temperature and salinity. The stoichiometric Redfield approach indicates that nitrogen is a limiting factor of the phytoplankton biomass growth in the Guaymas system, when other factors such as light, sinking, grazing, temperature and salinity gradients are not. However, an analysis of the two major subsystems shows that nutrients limiting in the Guaymas sub-system are closely related to phosphorus loads from wastewater sources, whereas for the Empalme sub-system, nutrient limitation was alternately by nitrogen and phosphorus. A primary quantitative outcome of the eutrophic status is given, using a simple biochemical budgetary approach, indicating that the Guaymas system is a net heterotrophic system, with a value of -4811.72 mmol.C.m^.y'1. Using a simple box model to characterise the potential hyper-trophic conditions suggests that phosphorus reduction in the system is accompanied by an improvement in water quality, hence management strategies must encourage P control from wastewater discharges into the sub-system. An analysis of the particular case of the Guaymas system in the context of the Mexican Environmental Legislation indicates that the quality standards set for the system will depend very much upon the designation ultimately used for the system. For instance, if some areas of the Guaymas sub-basin are designated for industrial use, a polluted influence is likely to occur in an area near the development. However, the areas influenced by this development must not pose a threat for the people living the Guaymas basin as stated in the Mexican Environmental Legislation.
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Bohórquez, Zavala José Vicente. "Modelo de desarrollo de turismo comunitario del sector costero de la provincia del Guayas." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5400.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorDefine un Modelo de Desarrollo Turístico Comunitario en la Región Costa de la Provincia del Guayas en el Ecuador, puesto que actualmente se está trabajando en potenciar el desarrollo turístico a raíz de la desmembración territorial acaecida el 7 de noviembre de 2007 cuando los cantones de Santa Elena, Salinas y La Libertad se proclamaron Provincia de Santa Elena, lo que afectó el turismo en el sector de la costa guayasense enmarcada principalmente por playas encantadoras. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación buscará identificar elementos importantes que justifiquen crear un modelo de Desarrollo Turístico considerando la situación actual de la Comunidad del Cantón General Villamil, Playas considerado desde entonces el primer balneario de la Provincia; el cual no ha logrado un desarrollo social y económico suficiente, tornando a este sector en un punto neurálgico al momento de presentar atractivos turísticos, esto hará que se desarrolle la economía en el sector costero de la provincia.
Tesis
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Srinivasan, Narayanan. "Pretreatment of Guayule Biomass Using Supercritical CO2-based Method for Use as Fermentation Feedstock." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1289782016.
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Cardenas, Abastos Paloma Fernanda, Chinchay Arturo Fernández, Cáceres Sofia Puscan, Del Castillo Eliot Gabriel Rojas, and Vilchez Camila Alexandra Rosado. "Proyecto: Línea de exfoliante facial y corporal orgánicos a base de guayaba y semillas de sacha inchi." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655097.
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Se desarrolló el proyecto Añay Care, empresa que se dedica a la producción de exfoliantes faciales y corporales a base los frutos exóticos del Perú (Pitaya, Aguaje y Acaí) con semillas de Sacha Inchi, con enfoque al segmento del SKYNCARE. En primer término, se mostrará los aspectos cualitativos y cuantitativos para su respectivo análisis. Consecuentemente, la elaboración de las proyecciones financieras a partir de las inversiones, ingresos, costos y gastos que se va a desarrollar en los próximos tres años. Así mismo, debido a diferentes fuentes se ha proyectado la participación de mercado que podrá obtener a nivel nacional.
Se validó el modelo de negocio por medio de la elaboración de la herramienta Business Model Canvas, Valué Proposición Canvas y a través de encuestas para validar la hipótesis y mejorar los MVPs (Producto Mínimo Viable). Así mismo, la empresa ha incurrido en gastos preoperativos en activos tanto tangibles como intangibles.
Se resalta como ventaja competitiva, la adquisición de insumos naturales los cuáles son comprados a las comunidades campesinas del Perú, pues existe el compromiso con su desarrollo por lo que están incluidos en nuestro plan de responsabilidad social, así como todos nuestros stakeholders. Para finalizar, se puede indicar que gracias al valor que aporta y a la participación creciente que se obtendrá se concluye que será un proyecto viable. Finalmente, se evaluará los aspectos financieros a través del desarrollo del Flujo de Caja Libre, Estado de Resultados, CTN, VAN, Punto de equilibrio dentro de los 3 años proyectados.The Añay Care project was developed, a company that is dedicated to the production of facial and body scrubs based on exotic fruits from Peru (Pitaya, Aguaje and Acaí) with Sacha Inchi seeds, with a focus on the SKYNCARE segment. In the first place, the qualitative and quantitative aspects will be shown for their respective analysis. Consequently, the preparation of financial projections based on investments, income, costs, and expenses that will be developed in the next three years. Likewise, due to different sources, the market share that it will be able to obtain at the national level has been projected. The business model was validated through the development of the Business Model Canvas tool, Valué Proposition Canvas and through surveys to validate the hypothesis and improve the MVPs (Minimum Viable Product). Likewise, the company has incurred pre-operating expenses in both tangible and intangible assets. The acquisition of natural inputs is highlighted as a competitive advantage, which are purchased from the peasant communities of Peru, since there is a commitment to their development, which is why they are included in our social responsibility plan, as well as all our stakeholders. Finally, it can be indicated that thanks to the value it contributes and the increasing participation that will be obtained, it is concluded that it will be a viable project. Finally, the financial aspects will be evaluated through the development of the Free Cash Flow, Income Statement, CTN, NPV, Break-even point within the projected 3 years.
Trabajo de investigación
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Lam, Rodríguez Susana Isabel. "La resiliencia en la sostenibilidad empresarial de las medianas empresas industriales manufactureras de Guayas-Ecuador." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6194.
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Determina el grado de incidencia del liderazgo, las redes organizacionales y la orientación al cambio como factores de resiliencia en la sostenibilidad empresarial de las medianas empresas industriales manufactureras de la provincia del Guayas en Ecuador. Es una investigación ex post facto, cuantitativa y aplicada. Utiliza una muestra de 163 medianas empresas. Emplea un cuestionario de entrevistas y un cuadro de check list para la variable resiliencia, y un cuestionario tipo Likert para la variable sostenibilidad. Encuentra que la resiliencia incide de manera significativa en la sostenibilidad empresarial de las medianas empresas industriales manufactureras de Guayas.Tesis
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Nogué, Bosch Sandra. "Escalfament i biologia de la conservació a les Terres Altes de la Guayana: paleoecologia, biogeografia i modelització SIG." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3709.
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Aquesta tesi, usa l'estudi combinat del passat i del present per modelitzar el futur aplicat a les plantes vasculars de les Terres Altes de la Guayana, una remota zona del nord de Sud Amèrica conformada per un conjunt de muntanyes tabulars (conegudes com a tepuis), que presenten un grau d'endemisme excepcional. Aquest alt endemisme ha definit una província biogeogràfica coneguda com a Pantepui.En el capítol 1, mitjançant l'anàlisi de pol·len, espores de falgueres i carbons entre altres, s'han aportat noves dades referents als canvis de la vegetació durant el Tardiglacial i l'Holocè en una localitat situada a 2600 m d'altitud. Els resultats mostren que tot i els canvis detectats en el grau d'humitat, la vegetació es mostra constant durant l'Holocè. Aquesta estabilitat s'explica per una bada, com l'absència de canvis ambientals de suficient intensitat com per afectar a la comunitat de plantes o per l'altre, d'una possible capacitat buffering de la mateixa.
Al llarg de la tesi, s'ha analitzat el desplaçament vertical de les plantes vasculars tant en el passat com en el futur. Pel primer cas, el capítol 2 ha aportat dades de les espècies que han pogut migrar durant el Quaternari (70%), així com les que van quedar aïllades (8%) en els cims dels tepuis, gràcies al haver identificat per a cada tepui el factor històric conegut com a límit topogràfic crític d'aïllament durant l'Últim Màxim Glacial (LGM). En el capítol 3, s'han analitzat els patrons d'elevació i la relació entre riquesa d'espècies amb l'àrea i l'altitud. Aquest anàlisi s'ha dut a terme tant per les espècies endèmiques com les no endèmiques. Els resultats mostren que les espècies endèmiques de Pantepui segueixen un patró que suggereix que l'aïllament i la fragmentació de l'hàbitat ha tingut un pes important en la seva distribució, mentre que les espècies no endèmiques, no. Les espècies enèmiques locals (presents en un tepui) mostren una certa independència dels factors geogràfics i una relació amb el factor històric definit anteriorment: el límit topogràfic crític d'aïllament durant el LGM.
Finalment, s'ha calculat el desplaçament vertical potencial provocat per l'escalfament global previst per l'any 2100. Els resultats han mostrat que aquest augment en la temperatura tindrà conseqüències severes sobre les plantes vasculars en els tepuis. Per quantificar els seus efectes, en els capítols 4 i 5 s'han usat tres anàlisis complementaris: la relació espècies-àrea (SAR), l'anàlisi de Desplaçament del Rang Altitudinal (ARD) i el de fragmentació. Tant la SAR com l'ARD preveuen que les espècies de plantes vasculars patiran un descens en el seu nombre a finals de segle. Tanmateix, els resultats de l'anàlisi de fragmentació mostra una reducció de la superfície actual de Pantepui de més del 80%. La superfície resultant quedaria agrupada en més d'un 40% en un sol tepui. Aquests resultats suggereixen la combinació d'estratègies de conservació in situ (prevenció de la introducció d'espècies invasores) i ex situ (banc de llavors i migració assistida).
This thesis uses the combined study of past and present to the future applied to the vascular plants of the Guayana Highlands, a remote area of northern South America constituted by a set of tabular mountains (known as tepui ), with an exceptional degree of endemism. The tepuian flora is so unique that constitutes a phytogeographical province by itself, called Pantepui.
Chapter 1 uses the analysis of pollen grains, fern spores and charcoal, among others, to provide new data of the temporal trends of the vegetation during the Tardiglacial and the Holocene. The results show that the moisture variation detected, did not significantly affect the plant community, suggesting a buffering capacity. The absence of biotic changes may be attributed also to the absence of environmental disturbances of enough intensity to affect plant communities.
Throughout the thesis, it has been analyzed the potential vertical displacement of vascular plants in both the past and future. For the first case, chapter 2 has provided relevant data on the species that may have migrated during the Quaternary (70%) and those that remained isolated (8%) in the tops of tepui. These data have been obtained thanks to the identification for each tepui of an historical factor known as critical limit for topographic isolation during the last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
In chapter 3, it has been analyzed the elevation patterns and the relationship between species richness with area and elevation. This analysis was conducted for both non-endemic and endemic species. The results show that the elevation pattern for the Pantepui endemic species suggests that isolation and habitat fragmentation has had a major influence on their distribution. This conclusion can not be applied for the non-endemic species. Local endemic species (occurring in one tepui) show a certain independence of these geographical factors but show a relationship with the historical factor defined above: the critical limit topographic isolation during LGM, suggesting that maximum levels of local endemism occurred at altitudes with small or null connexion possibilities.
Finally, it has been calculated the potential vertical displacement caused by global warming for the end of this century (2100). The results show that the expected increase in temperature will have severe consequences on the tepuian vascular plants. On chapter 4 and 5 it has been used three complementary analysis to quantify the consequences of the global warming: the species-area relationship (SAR), the Altitude Range Displacement analysis (ARD) and habitat fragmentation. Both the SAR and the ARD predicted a decrease of the vascular plant species due to habitat loss at the end of the century. Moreover, on the warmest scenario, the results of the fragmentation analysis show a reduction of the 80% of the Pantepui habitat. The remaining habitat would be comprised in more than 40% in one patch. These results suggest the combination of in situ conservation strategies (prevention of introduction of invasive species) and ex situ (seed bank and assisted migration).
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Nealon, Jeffrey W. "Dynamics of methane migration in marine hydrate systems examples from the Guaymas Transform, Blake Ridge, and Storegga landslide /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1188873751&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cremers, Georges. "Architecture végétative et structure inflorescentielle de quelques melastomaceae guyanaises /." Paris : ORSTOM, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34908935j.
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