Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerra civil española, 1936-1939'
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Soler, Parício Pere. "Irlanda y la guerra civil española. Nuevas perspectivas de estudio." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/113554.
Full textThis project of investigation surveys Irish responses to the Spanish Civil War, recounting the participation of Irishmen on both sides of that conflict. Specially, it analyses the motives behind their involvement in Spain, their experiences there, and it attempts to place both in the context of comparative international responses to the war. It's correct to say that the Spanish Civil War aroused strong passions in Ireland, so this research examines various interest groups on the Irish front: supporters of the Spanish Republic, the pro-Franco Irish Christian Front, the Catholic Church, etc. It also considers the formation of diplomatic policy, and the party political responses. However, all those reactions help to illustrate the impact on Ireland of the rise of radical ideologies in 1930s Europe. So, this P.H.D. describes the political culture of interwar Ireland. The central part of this research studies the corps of 700 Irish volunteers, formed by Eoin O'Duffy (politician who had previously organised the banned quasi-fascist Bueshirts in Ireland), that fought on the Nationalist side of Franco. And by the other hand, explains the history about the group of IRA members and Irish Socialists who fought in support the cause of the Second Republic (around 250-300 men), organized by the Republican Congress and the Irish Communist Party with Frank Ryan as their leader; sometimes referred to as the "Connolly Column". Moreover, this work turns around different axes of research related with the connections between Ireland and Spain during the interwar period. This is, the foreign affairs among both countries, their diplomatic relations, the reception of Irish news and events in the Spanish medias of that time, etc. Specially, trying to put forward the Catalan and Basque particular ties with Ireland. By doing so, it analyzes several bonds that were established between various political parties, institutions, organizations and other bodies from those lands.
Cerdá, Bañón Francisco Joaquín. "Historia del cine en Alicante durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/370104.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to study and analyse the films produced, distributed and exhibited in Alicante during the Spanish Civil War. The methodology used in this work divided the research process into three different parts: 1. Review and analysis of bibliography and films: a. State of the Art. b. Analysis of bibliography and films proposed by the directors of the thesis. 2. Fieldwork, planning: a. Analysis of archives. This stage led us to know the activities of the film industry managers in Alicante regarding the management of cinemas, funding sources, exhibition ways and film distribution. b. Newspapers and periodical library analysis. We focused our research on this analysis and from it we inferred all the information regarding the dynamics of film exhibition as well as the importance and the dimension of the propaganda and the social function of cinema, review, and controversy among newspapers; we also understood and analysed the dramatic events occurred in the city. 3. Conclusions. They were drawn by matching data obtained from each of the parts in which this research is divided, i.e., data obtained during the documentary research (1.) and data obtained during the fieldwork (2.). Consequently with all said before, these are the objectives proposed for our thesis: 1. To study and analyse the process of confiscation and the model of film industry management developed by political parties and unions in the city of Alicante during the Spanish Civil War. This led us to know the distinctive features in this city compared to other cities like Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia. 2. To define the dynamics of film exhibition in Alicante during the reference period. This allowed us mainly to: a) draw the stake between the propaganda films and the entertainment films exhibited; b) analyse what genres were the most watched during the war; c) figure out the nationality and the proportion of films watched by people from Alicante; d) know whether the cinemas were well-stocked with films and the amount of premieres; e) set how was the public from Alicante in the cinemas under the special circumstances of war. 3. To know what changes were carried out by the new Franco regime. In the conclusions, this research has identified three specific stages in the Alicante process of confiscation: a) Partial confiscation and political and union pressure on private ownership: July 1936 - May 1937. b) General confiscation: May 1937. c) State intervention: January 1938. Despite the political and union management of the film exhibition during almost all the war, people from Alicante watched 89% of commercial films in front of 11% of propaganda films. 72% of commercial films exhibited in Alicante were films made in the U.S.A. This is an astonishing amount compared to the figure of 15% of the Spanish-made films exhibited, the second nationality in number of films exhibited during the war. The mentioned 72% represented one thousand and fifty seven films (75%) in front of seventy one Spanish films (5%), and this means that the comparison between the number of films or the screen share and the time that these films were shown per number of screenings, gives us a very advantageous and clarifying result about the public preferences for the Spanish and Republican films during the war. So we can end up by saying that in Alicante, the winner, in term of percentages, were the films made in Spain during the II Republic.
Ruiz-Núñez, Juan-Boris. "Los bombardeos aéreos republicanos en territorio sublevado durante la guerra civil española (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/117822.
Full textAlonso, Ibarra Miguel. "El ejército sublevado en la Guerra Civil Española. Experiencia bélica, fascistización y violencia (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667946.
Full textThis research aims to understand the building process of the Rebel army during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the war experience of the soldiers enlisted in this contingent, and the role played by the army in the definition and construction of the Francoist regime. I will analyse these elements through the three different parts in which the dissertation is divided. The first one will connect the failure of the coup in July, 17th-18th 1936 with the way in which the Rebel army was built. Also, it will tackle the process of convergence into a modern war that the tactics, proceeding and, at the end, warfare of the Rebel army faced. As shown in this first part, this played an important role in shaping a significantly harsh war experience for combatants. In the second part, I will address the process of ideological socialization and political indoctrination the army put in motion in order to attract soldiers to the Rebels’ project. This process was channelled through several ways. First of all, by the creation of new frames of reference which gave significance to the war and soldier’s fight, according to the fascist ideology the Rebel coalition had. Secondly, by taking advantage of the survival mechanisms soldiers had created at the front, such as comradeship. And, finally, by offering the soldiers tangible compensations and rewards in order to compensate for their sacrifice at the front, but mainly for their support to Francoism. Finally, the last part will address the violence displayed by the army, but also by combatants. I will analyse here the mechanisms of control and coercion the army implemented in order to fulfil its task of cleanse the dissidents and the anti-Spain, but also to attract several people to the “ranks” of the rebellion. Here, I will shed light on the inherent contradictions of this parallel goals, mainly through an analysis of the variation and modification of violence and occupation policies implemented by the Rebel army. At the end, what this research aims to provide are new perspectives on the war experience of Spanish during the Civil War and how can we connect this with the construction of the Francoist dictatorship.
Clavijo, Ledesma Julio. "La política sobre la població refugiada durant la Guerra Civil 1936-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7835.
Full textThe spanish civil war (1936-1939) was the first european war where a great number people were moved from their homes.We must distinguish between refugees and evacuated people. While the refugees people didn't have wealth, some evacuated people (public officials, Madrid people) who were trasnferred to Valencia, Barcelona, did.The number of refugees caugh up with 1.800.000, and the evacuated 1.200.000. Two organisations paid attention to the refugees and evacuated: the "Comité Nacional de Refugiados", and the "Comitè Central d'Ajut als refugiats", but, both organisations delegated soon to the town Councils their responsability.The town Councils gave food, accommodations in the refugee and evacuated people, during the war.Many building were used to accommodate the refugees and evacuated: schools, chrches, hotels, cinemas, convents, monasteries, etc. Also, they werw accommodated in private homes.
Clavijo, i. Ledesma Juli. "La política sobre la població refugiada durant la Guerra Civil 1936-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7835.
Full textLes primeres ja les podem constatar en nombrosos episodis bíblics o durant la construcció del vell imperi romà. Tanmateix, ha estat a la nostra època quan les deportacions han tingut un abast més dissortat. D'una banda l'anomenada "neteja ètnica" ha implicat, com a primer pas abans de l'extermini d'una comunitat, el seu trasllat a guetos i el posterior desplaçament als camps de concentració. Tals foren els casos de les minories jueva i gitana sota el terror nazi. D'altra banda, hem pogut veure la deportació de col·lectius socials com a càstig per mantenir una determinada actitud davant el poder; el paradigma més tràgic ha estat la dels kulaks de l'antiga Unió Soviètica durant la dictadura estalinista. Finalment, en aquests moments, estem assistint als Balcans a l'enquistament d'un conflicte una de les causes del qual fou la pretensió de crear espais ètnics "purs", per a la qual cosa s'ha obligat la comunitat minoritària a fugir a un altre territori amb la pressió de les armes.
La guerra civil de 1936-1939 és el primer conflicte europeu en què apareix la necessitat de traslladar un gran nombre de persones davant del perill que representen els combats. El fet de produir-se en una guerra civil en ple segle XX li dóna una dimensió pròpia, i també que els governs hagin de dissenyar i aplicar unes polítiques d'assistència, de les quals, tal com ja s'ha dit, no existien precedents.
The spanish civil war (1936-1939) was the first european war where a great number people were moved from their homes.
We must distinguish between refugees and evacuated people. While the refugees people didn't have wealth, some evacuated people (public officials, Madrid people) who were trasnferred to Valencia, Barcelona, did.
The number of refugees caugh up with 1.800.000, and the evacuated 1.200.000. Two organisations paid attention to the refugees and evacuated: the "Comité Nacional de Refugiados", and the "Comitè Central d'Ajut als refugiats", but, both organisations delegated soon to the town Councils their responsability.
The town Councils gave food, accommodations in the refugee and evacuated people, during the war.
Many building were used to accommodate the refugees and evacuated: schools, chrches, hotels, cinemas, convents, monasteries, etc. Also, they werw accommodated in private homes.
Pinzás, Ramos Fernando Mauricio. "La participación de combatientes peruanos en el bando republicano durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936 – 1939)." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9368.
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Moran, Gimeno Neus. "El CADCI. Guerra i memòria espoliada (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666878.
Full textThe research focusses on the analysis of the CADCI, Centre Autonomista de Dependents del Comerç i de la Indústria- Entitat Obrera (Autonomic Centre of Dependents of Commerce and Industry– Workers Organization), during the civil war. From its founding in 1903, the organization expressed the national route of labour vindication for mercantile workers. Its strategy evolved along with the demands of its dependants, increasingly proletarianized and aware of belonging to the working class. Beginning in the thirties, the carrying out of pioneering measures for the sector and the increase in prestige of the organization, put CADCI at the head of the Catalan mercantile organisations. This activity coupled with its participation in the insurrection of the 6th of October, led to the centre reinforcing its role within the anti-fascist workers movement. As a result, during the war, the organisation would have thousands of members and at one point it was considered it could become the third union federation. An analysis of its war effort allows us to confirm this relevance and study the multiplicity of functions carried out in order to attend to workers on the frontline as well as in the rear-guard. An in-depth study of the history of CADCI allows us to analyse the reasons for it suffering the triple Francoist repression carried out on the organisation, its associates and its headquarters. The military appropriation of the building, located at Rambla de Santa Mónica number 10, was carried out on the 26th of January 1939, immediately following the occupation of Barcelona. A few weeks later it was searched by the DERD (State Delegation for Document Recovery). Part of the documentation taken is what makes up the content restored to the organisation between 2008 and 2014, by application of the law 21/2005, from the CDMH (Historical Memory Documentary Centre) in Salamanca. These 1213 catalogued items are the documentary base of this investigation. The headquarters has not been returned. Its history motivates and structures a good part of the research. Through its four forced shutdown we study the evolution of the centre, its increase in popular support and the strengthening of its networks that were key to it surviving periods in the underground. At the same time, we analyse the precedents of the repressive action and the resignification process of the building that was consolidated as a place of commemoration and a symbol of the anti-fascist resistance during the war. The research looks at the implications of recovering it as a site of memory and history. For this purpose, a series of interventions are proposed for this space that houses the multiplicity of stories of the history of the Catalan labour movement.
Cárdaba, Carrascal Marciano 1954. "Colectividades agrarias en la región de Girona, 1936-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52980.
Full textCatalá, Carrasco Jorge L. "Vanguardia y humorismo gráfico en crisis : la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939) y la Revolución Cubana (1958-1961)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14400/.
Full textCabezas, Sánchez Adrián. "La defensa de la costa a Catalunya durant la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129446.
Full textDuring the Spanish Civil War, the defense of the Catalan coast played a prominent role and virtually forgotten during the course of the conflict. All the Catalan coast was arming as if it was another front, with bunkers and coastal batteries because of the attacks that it would have to suffer throughout the conflict. The naval bombardments featuring ships and submarines under the command of the insurgent side, as well as aerial bombardments that would suffer the Catalan coast and maritime traffic, cause the rapid defense of it, but it not would be organized efficiently due to the shortage of armaments that the government side would suffer. At this litoral defense forces would add a small coastal defense fleet of fishing boats (some armed) that would be called "Flotilla de Vigilància i Defensa Antisubmarina de Catalunya" and would make a great work in the vigilance and protection of maritime traffic, but insufficient in front of the power armament from the insurgent side. Also, it was created for the coast defense, the "Esquadrilla de Defensa de Costes" with the mission to protect the skies of the Catalan coast, but at a disadvantage compared to his opponent. However, all these elements of coastal defense fulfilled a more than worthy role in the task and had the common target of preventing any attack from the coast or a possible landing of troops on the Catalan coast, however this latter action never take place throughout the armed conflict.
López, Gómez Lidia. "La composición musical para el cine en la guerra civil española. Música, política y propaganda en cortometrajes y mediometrajes (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/314173.
Full textDuring the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), republican ant national film creators continued making films, news and documentaries, which today are one of the most important sources for the study of this period. Film production on both ideological sides during the war years was characterized by the predominance of political interests above artistic or cultural ones, so the films and the music composed for them were placed at the service of war. This research analyzes the music composed for the short and half-length films produced in Spain during the Spanish Civil War by establishing a new analytical proposal that provides an interdisciplinary overview of the music composed for the screen and the propaganda policies and circumstances that surrounded the audiovisual creation. The first part of the study consists of a contextualized investigation of audiovisual productions and the cultural situation of music during the war years. The second part is an analysis of the uses and functions of music in the different audiovisual productions documented and contextualized in the previous section (movies and documentaries), focused on the propaganda and semiotic uses, also studying the methodology, resources and procedures by which it was created. Thus, this analysis shows how are used different musical structures, or even hymns and traditional folk songs in order to reinforce the construction of a national identity sound, and how the music gives unity to the films while it defends and promotes a concrete ideology.
Quintana, Román Diego. ""¡No pasarán!": el rol del Partido Comunista de Chile en el Movimiento Antifascista de Solidaridad con la República Española (1936-1939)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168021.
Full textVilaseca, Llobet Josep Ma. "Aspectes sanitaris de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu de Vic durant la guerra civil espanyola : 1936-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405466.
Full textBerger, Mulattieri Gonzalo 1977. "Les Milícies Antifeixistes de Catalunya. 21 de juliol – 31 de desembre de 1936." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/418803.
Full textL'organització de les Milícies Antifeixistes de Catalunya va suposar la plasmació de la resposta social i política dels fets ocorreguts a Catalunya a partir de la derrota de la revolta militar del 19 de juliol de 1936. Milers de voluntaris van formar unitats militars amb l'objectiu de defensar la república, la revolució o els drets nacionals de Catalunya. El document analitza la seva estructura de comandament i finançament i aprofundeix en la composició ideològica, el paper dels militars, les dones o els estrangers, la quantitat i el valor numèric de les diferents columnes als fronts d'Aragó, Balears i Madrid.
Puig, Vallverdú Guillem. "LA PAGESIA I LA SEVA REVOLUCIÓ. Una anàlisi sobre la conflictivitat i el canvi a la rereguarda catalana durant la Guerra Civil, 1936-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669300.
Full textEsta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar el desarrollo de la colectivización agraria durante la Guerra Civil española. Cataluña es el marco elegido para estudiar este fenómeno resultante de la demolición del poder dominante debido al fracaso del golpe de estado y la aparición de multiplicidad de poderes atomizados. El estudio de la violencia, como parte constitutiva y definitoria del ejercicio del poder, se destaca en esta investigación dada su importancia en el nuevo marco en el que se desarrolló la colectivización. Esta investigación doctoral estudia las actitudes sociales de la población, en particular de aquellos que vivían con las colectividades y expresaron su apoyo y sus oposiciones. Vinculado con esto, y teniendo en cuenta que el espacio agrícola es el marco de análisis elegido para llevar a cabo esta investigación, los procesos de politización y movilización del campesinado tienen una relevancia principal para esta investigación con el objetivo de desarrollar los paradigmas interpretativos que la estudian. En resumen, comprender cómo se interrelacionó la cultura política del campesinado con la de las clases populares urbanas. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es estudiar la vida cotidiana de las colectividades para ver los cambios y las continuidades generadas por la nueva organización, así como cuál fue su extensión territorial y cuáles fueron sus principales garantes. Se le ha dedicado una atención especial en esta investigación a la participación indiscutible de la CNT al proceso de colectivización de la tierra. Sin embargo, la organización anarcosindicalista no fue la única que participó, no lo hizo sola y, por lo tanto, a lo largo de esta investigación doctoral, el papel adoptado por las diferentes formaciones antifascistas a lo largo del proceso revolucionario y cómo se relacionaron entre sí tiene un papel fundamental. En resumen, este trabajo es un estudio conjunto de las colectividades agrarias en Cataluña analizadas dentro de su propio contexto social, económico, político y cultural, atendiendo a sus promotores y los horizontes que estaban dispuestos a alcanzar. Todo esto para contribuir a una mejor comprensión del estudio de la retaguardia republicana española y, más específicamente, al compromiso revolucionario que algunos estaban construyendo mientras duró la Guerra Civil.
This PhD dissertation aims to analyse the development of agrarian collectivisation during the Spanish Civil War. Catalonia is the framework chosen to study this phenomenon, which resulted from the demolition of the dominant power due to the failure of the coup d’etat and the emergence of multiplicity of atomized powers. The study of violence, as a constitutive and defining part of the exercise of power, stands out in this research given its importance in the new framework in which collectivisation developed. In relation to which one, this doctoral research studies the social attitudes of the population, in particular of those who lived within the communities and expressed their support and their oppositions. In addition, since the agricultural space is the framework of analysis chosen for this research, the processes of politicisation and mobilisation of the peasantry are of great relevance for this study in order to develop new and multicausal interpretative paradigms. In short, to grasp how the political culture of the peasantry interrelated with those of the urban popular classes. The objective of this doctoral thesis is also to study the daily life of the communities. This allows to discern the changes and continuities generated by the new organisation, as well as to define its territorial extension and main guarantors. A particular attention has been given to the undisputed participation of the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo as the principal driving force behind the process of collectivisation of land. However, the anarcho-syndicalist organisation was not the only one that participated in those processes. Therefore, the role adopted by the different anti-fascist formations throughout the revolutionary process and their interrelations have been also thoroughly analysed. In brief, this dissertation is a joint study of the agrarian collectivities in Catalonia analysed within their own social, economic, political and cultural context, attending to their drivers, and the horizons they were willing to reach. All this aims to contribute to a better understanding of the study of the Spanish Republican rearguard and, more specifically, to the revolutionary commitment that some were building while the Spanish Civil War lasted.
Rosés, Cordovilla Sergi. "Els revolucionaris marxistes a l’Espanya dels anys 30." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461176.
Full textThis thesis studies the Marxist groups in Spain who opposed Stalinist politics and at the same time maintained a program of social transformation that implied, therefore, the refusal of the Popular Front. Their internationalist perspective meant that they all had an international connexion and that from 1936 all were initiated by foreign militants. These groups are structured in three major blocks: the followers of Trotsky's theses (Trotskyists, officers or dissidents), fourthinternationalist that had broken with Trotskyism, and the followers of Bordiga's thesis (bordiguists). The study goes from the end of 1933 until the summer of 1937, covering from the process leading to the disappearance of the Spanish Communist Left until the repression of the summer of 1937, which meant the end of the open work in Spain of the Marxist groups to the left of the PCE-PSUC. The objective of this thesis is to expose, analyze and evaluate the presence of the Marxist revolutionary groups in Spain in the delimited period, their incidence at that historical moment, and the coherence of their political proposals with their own theoretical principles. The hypothesis that I start with is that the political-social situation in Spain in the 1930s posed the possibility of an option of revolutionary type that implied both the taking of power by the working class and the socialization of the economy; in this context, therefore, the proposals of the groups that raised this option should not be considered as mere imitation of external models but as a political project that would respond both to the Spanish reality itself and to the international context in which this was inserted. The existence of these groups would respond, therefore, to the need to give a revolutionary solution to the Spanish crisis and the viability of their proposals should be studied regardless of their national composition or numerical strength. Their lack of success should be considered more due to the difficulty of integrating itself into a political space already occupied by organizations that enjoyed the advantage of leading a revolutionary process, that not because of the lack of adequacy of their analysis and proposals.
Garangou, i. Tarrés Sònia. "Les Joventuts Llibertàries a Catalunya. Origen, Estructura i Context (1932-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398541.
Full textThis research rebuilds the origin, structure and historical context of the Libertarian Youth in Catalonia from 1932 until the end of the Civil War. Despite previous researches on this state organization, such as Jesús López Santamaría’s doctoral thesis in 1983, there was not any specific research focused on our territory and especially within the first formative years. The absence of detailed studies is understood concerning most of other youth organizations of the time which, despite having high points of development during the inter-war period, often remain forgotten in historiography or are seen just as an attachment of other ‘grown-up’ organizations. In the case of the Libertarian Youth in Catalonia, the signs the initial hypothesis of this research is based on, show that they had a highly marked personality which sometimes entered into conflict with the CNT-FAI, besides, they had a more complex organisational and territorial structure than thought. The tracing of how the first groups were formed in Catalonia during the Second Republic, the mechanisms that were used to articulate its structure, how the Catalonian youth participated in the political events of the time, which the connection to the Federación Ibérica de Juventudes Libertarias (FIJL) was and the influence of the internal conflict between the trentistas and the FAI tendency in the creation of this youth organization the CNT was enduring. Its development and its relation to the libertarian youths from the rest of the state has been possible thanks to the collecting, arrangement and extraction of the scattered information about the organisation formed by records of congresses and meetings, circulars, and publications at a local or regional scope. It has also been possible to rebuild which role the young Catalan libertarians played during the Civil War, its debates and internal crisis, the confrontations they had with the CNT-FAI and the FIJL, when they started disagreeing with the official position adopted by the anarcho-syndicalists and the growth of the institution which arrived to most of the Catalan regions. This study departs from these other local organisation adding the perspective of the territorial structure as an extra element to analyse that takes us to the difficulties and contradictions the base groups had to deal with, helping us to understand better the political militancy profile and broadening the image we would have of the organisation if we only focused in the leaders discourses. The connection with the political events and the ideological disputes of the time completes the portrait and helps us to understand most of their actions and decisions, strengthening the need of this constant dialogue among the origin, the structure and the context of what was the most important youth organisation in Catalonia during the 30s
Dueñas, Iturbe Oriol. "La gran destrucció. Els danys de guerra i la reconstrucció de Catalunya després de la Guerra Civil (1937-1957)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117599.
Full textGREAT DESTRUCTION. DAMAGE OF WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION CATALONIA AFTER THE CIVIL WAR (1937-1957) This paper is structured into two distinct parts. In the first part, focusing on the damage, explained as occurred during the war years the destruction of infrastructures in Catalonia. To have been brought up and answered the following questions: What was destroyed? What was the most damaged infrastructure? Who or what was responsible for this destruction? How, when and where they occur? And finally what looked to their annihilation? In this sense, in this first part, explained how the raids were the most responsible for the destruction of infrastructure Catalan ports, power stations, part of the rail system and to a lesser extent, bridges and roads. On the other hand, in this first part, explained how the Republican troops, especially from the beginning of the military occupation of Catalonia, were the authors of the destruction of most bridges the territory. These actions were tied to a defensive military tactical concept that sought to prevent the rebel advance and protect, while the Republican retreat. In the second part, explained how he carried out the reconstruction of these facilities once the war ended. As in the first part, other than explanations, have raised a series of questions to understand the actions reconstructive ran the dictatorship: What was rebuilt? Who or what was responsible for rebuilding? What difficulties were? How long and where to perform this reconstruction and whether it was important or not. All this has served to show that Catalonia was one of the areas of the state that suffered the most damage. The performance of the aviation infrastructure rebel Catalan subsequent destruction of hundreds of bridges during the Republican retreat left the country virtually devastated regarding communications. The subsequent dictatorship, through the Army, prisoners of war, the Devastated Regions and Public Works began a reconstruction, which due to the lack of specialized personnel, financial resources and autarkic economic policy, that deprived the country of many materials, lasted until almost twenty years since the end of the war.
Aguiar, García Carlos David. "La provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife entre dos dictaduras (1923-1945). Hambre y orden." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/63172.
Full textTitle of Thesis: THE PROVINCE OF SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE BETWEEN TWO DICTATORSHIPS (1923-1945). HUNGER AND ORDER. The doctoral thesis is divided into three blocks. In the first are traced the main points of the social, economic and political conditions in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife in the first half of the twentieth century. In the second section, is raised the development of political institutions (municipal, insular, provincial and national) during the examined period, taking as a common theme the survival of patronage system and chieftainship. In the third section, I study the opposition emerged against a regime that marginalizes the great majority of the population, both in the country and in the city, uniting all the political directions laid under the concept of the left-wing. The analysis of the repression emerged after the military uprising of July the 18th, 1936, has special relevance. The traditionally dominant class in the province (large landowners and merchants, enriched with the export of bananas) through its network of clientele, dominated all political structures in the province, since the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. They kept political control during the Second Republic, holding back social reforms in areas where power was lost, and got involved in the coup of July the 18th, 1936, being restored back into the institutions that govern public life.
Carbonell, Natàlia. "Una aproximació pluridisciplinària a les escriptures populars. Els anònims en l'exili republicà (1939-1952)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392147.
Full textThe history of languages was traditionally viewed from the perspective of the cultivated sectors. This thesis, nevertheless, focuses on the study of the anonymous. Ordinary writings are a type of personal documents related to the time when literacy reached the popular sectors, between the 19th and the 20th century. Because of the 1939 Republican exile, such documents proliferated among the popular strata who had the urge to communicate and explain their dramatic experience. The main aim of this thesis is to highlight, with the help of a panoramic approach, the various aspects that can shape people’s writing. Firstly, the study examines the distribution of the uses of different languages in the collected letters and analyses the factors that contributed to the choice of each of them. Secondly, it exposes and analyses the textual features that present these documents paying attention to different linguistic phenomena that can be identified in ordinary writings. Finally, the third point on which the study is focused concerns the categorization and analysis of the thematic content of selected sources, in relation to the historical and cultural context, thus to unveil the topics that preoccupied the exiled working classes, which ultimately are the ones who form the microhistory of the exile.
Aronica, Daniela. "La mirada fascista sobre la guerra civil española: noticiarios y documentales italianos entre historia y propaganda (1936-1943)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316024.
Full textL’insurrezione armata di Franco riuscì in parte grazie al sostegno materiale e ideologico dell’Italia fascista e della Germania nazista. Quanto accadde in Spagna continuò ad avere ripercussioni sullo scacchiere geopolitico europeo negli anni immediatamente successivi alla guerra civile. Donde l’interesse ad approfondire i rapporti tra tali paesi durante ma anche dopo il conflitto. In questa tesi lo facciamo dal punto di vista italiano. Il che colloca il nostro discorso tra il 18 luglio 1936, quando Franco insorse contro il governo legittimo, e il 25 luglio 1943, quando Mussolini fu deposto. Un meticoloso ed esaustivo lavoro di ricerca e catalogazione dei materiali audiovisivi, nonché la ricostruzione della loro storia produttiva, in stretta interconnessione con il contesto politico-militare dell’epoca, sono stati condizione previa per un esame rigoroso del contributo del cinema non-fictional prodotto dall’Italia di Mussolini a una storia culturale della guerra civile, da un lato; e al dibattito propriamente storiografico, dall’altro. A tale scopo abbiamo dovuto indagare il funzionamento della macchina della propaganda cinematografica fascista sul terreno: i problemi di organizzazione, lo sforzo tecnico ed economico necessario a garantire la copertura della guerra, la questione ricorrente dell’attribuzione delle competenze, i conflittuali rapporti tra le autorità politico-militari italiane e quelle del bando nazionale, gli interventi della censura sia italiana sia spagnola su documentari e notiziari. Ricostruire tale intreccio nella sua complessità ha richiesto un considerevole sforzo di ricognizione di informazioni in emeroteche ed archivi amministrativi, diplomatici e militari. Sono stati altresì scandagliati i fondi cartacei dell’ Istituto Luce e studiati diari, lettere e memorie dei protagonisti. Tutto è stato scrupolosamente confrontato con i film dei due corpora presi in esame: cinegiornali e notiziari. La manipolazione intrinseca a ogni discorso mitico – e quello della propaganda lo è per definizione – ormai non è più di ostacolo a un uso del cinema come fonte primaria, purché l’analisi relativa si svolga con una metodologia coerente con il medium e con strumenti propri della disciplina. Questa era la sfida che ci eravamo posti: studiare l’impiego del dispositivo cinematografico nel processo di creazione dell’universo simbolico in cui la propaganda fascista inscrisse la guerra civile. Ciò ha voluto dire riflettere sulla rappresentazione audiovisualizzata del reale, sulla risemantizzazione delle immagini proprie e del nemico attraverso le pratiche di ricontestualizzazione e risonorizzazione, sull’alterazione tendenziosa del profilmico volta a dare al racconto propagandistico un maggior grado di veridicità e credibilità. Il risultado è uno studio che propone una lettura incrociata su come la storia condizioni il cinema e il cinema, a sua volta, (ri)scriva la storia.
Francisco Franco’s uprising succeeded also thanks to material and ideological support from fascist Italy and nazi Germany. The consequences of the Spanish Civil War would cause a geopolitical ripple effect across Europe in the years immediately following the conflict; one that calls for a close examination of the relationships between those countries during and after the war. This thesis approaches the issue from the Italian perspective thus determining the related time frame under scrutiny here as the period comprised between 18 July 1936 – which marks the beginning of Franco’s military rising against the legally elected Republican government – and 25 July 1943, when Benito Mussolini was demoted from power and arrested. The methodology adopted includes thorough and comprehensive research and cataloguing of audiovisual materials as well as a detailed reconstruction of their production histories in close relationship with the political and military context of the time. Such an approach allowed for a rigorous investigation of how, on the one hand, non-fictional cinema produced by Mussolini’s Italy contributed to the making of a cultural history of the Civil War; and to a proper historiographic debate, on the other. To this purpose I have investigated the workings of fascist propaganda cinema on the field: that is, organizational issues, technical and economic efforts that were necessary to guarantee adequate coverage of the war, the recurrent issue of the attribution of competences, the conflicted relationships between the political and military authorities of both countries and, eventually, censorship intervention both in Italy and in Spain that affected documentaries and newsreels. In order to reconstruct such a complex web of relationships among all the above-mentioned components, I have traced sources in periodicals libraries as well as in archives held at administrative, diplomatic and military institutions. I have also examined printed materials in the fund collections of the Istituto Luce as well as diaries, correspondence and memoirs of actual protagonists of the events described. All such materials have been rigorously analysed and collated with films from both corpora indentified in the thesis. By definition, propaganda aims to produce a mythic narrative: the intrinsic manipulation that any such narrative entails should no longer prevent us from using cinema as a primary source provided that the proposed analysis be guided by a methodology that is consistent with the medium and by tools that are appropriate for the undertaken discipline of study. Thus, the primary task of this research project was to examine the role and use of cinema (both the films and the apparatus) in the creative process of the symbolic universe within which the Civil War was inscribed by fascist propaganda. This task led me to reflect on a number of core issues: the audiovisualized representation of the real; the resemanticization of images – both one’s own and the enemy’s – through instances of recontextualization and dubbing (of sound); the biased alteration of the profilmic aimed at charging the propaganda tale with a higher degree of veracity and believability. As a result, this study proposes a comparative reading of ways in which history may influence cinema making and, vice versa, of how cinema attempts to (re)write history.
Miravet, Lecha Juan. "La vida musical en Valencia durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939): Percepción de la vida musical valenciana a través de la prensa y otras fuentes documentales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86203.
Full textLa vida musical de la Valencia de los 30 vivió un florecimiento de agrupaciones y sociedades que fomentaban y dinamizaban la cultura musical de la ciudad llenando sus salas y teatros de conciertos y espectáculos líricos y de teatro musical. Con la excepción de la ópera que vivía un estado de letargo tanto la zarzuela como la revista musical se programaban con varios títulos diarios en muchas de las salas. La Sociedad Filarmónica de Valencia fue la protagonista indiscutible de la programación sinfónica así como de la música de cámara con una programación continua y variada que reunía tanto a estrellas internacionales como a los más destacados intérpretes nacionales. Junto a ésta la Orquesta Sinfónica de Valencia, dirigida por el incansable maestro José Manuel Izquierdo fue el mejor exponente de los esfuerzos por dotar a la ciudad de un proyecto serio que pudiese rivalizar con los mejores conjuntos del país en la divulgación e interpretación del repertorio sinfónico más selecto. Pero con la llegada de la Guerra Civil a España todo signo de vitalidad cultural y musical era frenado por la crueldad del momento. La profesión musical, en plena crisis desde la aparición del cine sonoro, vio agravadas sus dificultades con el desencadenamiento del conflicto. Mientras la educación musical desapareció del día a día la actividad musical, sus programaciones y las contrataciones se mantuvieron bajo mínimos no con pocas dificultades. Pese a todo algunos de los géneros de teatro lírico, con la excepción de la ópera, mantuvieron una vida vigorosa, permitiendo que el público valenciano pudiese, al menos durante unas horas, evadirse de la difícil situación que asolaba sus vidas. Aun con todas las dificultades la ciudad pudo gozar de una programación musical seria difícil de imaginar llegándose a celebrar conciertos hasta en los momentos de mayor virulencia del sangrante conflicto.
La vida musical de la València dels 30 va viure un augment d'agrupacions i societats que fomentaven i dinamitzaven la cultura musical de la ciutat omplint les seues sales i teatres de concerts i espectacles lírics i de teatre musical. Amb l'excepció de l'òpera que vivia un estat de letargia tant la sarsuela com la revista musical es programaven amb diversos títols diaris en moltes de les sales. La Societat Filarmònica de València va ser la protagonista indiscutible de la programació simfònica així com de la música de cambra amb una programació contínua i variada que reunia tant a estrelles internacionals com als més destacats intèrprets nacionals. Al costat d'aquesta l'Orquestra Simfònica de València, dirigida per l'incansable mestre José Manuel Izquierdo va ser el millor exponent dels esforços per dotar la ciutat d'un projecte seriós que pogués rivalitzar amb els millors conjunts del país en la divulgació i interpretació del repertori simfònic més selecte. Però amb l'arribada de la Guerra Civil a Espanya tot signe de vitalitat cultural i musical era frenat per la crueltat del moment. La professió musical, enmig d'una gran crisi des de l'aparició del cinema sonor, va vore agreujades les seues dificultats amb l'inici del conflicte. Mentre l'educació musical desaparegué del dia a dia l'activitat musical va poder continuar, amb les seues programacions i les contractacions baix registres mínims, amb no poques dificultats. Tot i això el teatre musical, amb l'excepció de l'òpera, va mantenir una vida vigorosa, permetent al públic valencià, almenys durant unes hores, evadir-se de la difícil situació que assolava le seues vides. Fins i tot amb la gran quantitat de dificultats pròpies de la guerra la ciutat va poder gaudir d'una programació musical seriosa difícil d'imaginar arribant-se a celebrar concerts en els moments de major virulència del sagnant conflicte.
Miravet Lecha, J. (2017). La vida musical en Valencia durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939): Percepción de la vida musical valenciana a través de la prensa y otras fuentes documentales [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86203
TESIS
Bocanegra, Barbecho Lidia. "El Fin de la Guerra Civil española y el exilio republicano: visiones y prácticas de la sociedad argentina a través de la prensa. El caso de Mar del Plata, 1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83641.
Full textA favor de la causa republicana estuvo mayoritariamente la sociedad argentina, sin embargo el gobierno se salvaguardó detrás de una política de prescindencia con respecto a la misma, primero, y de reconocimiento del nuevo gobierno español después, encubriendo una conducta conservadora que apoyaba la causa nacional. El conflicto español fue uno de los sucesos que mayormente impactó en la sociedad y política argentina fragmentando partidos, produciendo escisiones en los Centros regionales y haciendo que el gobierno adoptara medias opresoras a la oposición, además de restringir las políticas migratorias. El refugiado republicano pasó a convertirse en un refugiado indeseable. Primero fue la guerra civil, después fue el exilio provocando que la sociedad hispano-argentina intensificara todo un sistema de ayudas que habían estado agilizando desde el inicio mismo de la contienda, a través de centenares de organizaciones y comités de auxilio pro-republicanos. La prensa bonaerense y de Mar del Plata, independiente o de partido, a través de su rol como actriz política y creadora de opinión pública no fue indiferente al evento español.
Favourable to the republican cause was the Argentinean society, however the government initially chose an abstention’s position and than recognized the new Spanish government, hiding a conservative policy supporting the national cause. The Spanish conflict was one of the events that most had an influence on the Argentinean society and politics dividing parties and Regional Centres. The government passed measures against any possible political extremism and limited the migration policies, as far as possible. Therefore the republican refugees became undesirable exiles. First the Civil War and then the exile pressed the Spanish-Argentinean society to create, and intensify, a system of assistance working through hundreds of pro-republican organizations and committees. The press of Buenos Aires and Mar del Plata, independent or not, through its role as political actor and creator of public opinion was not indifferent to the Spanish event.
Sagués, San José Joan. "Lleida en la guerra civil espanyola (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8221.
Full textespanyola era una tasca que encara estava per emprendre. Als ciutadans de la
Catalunya occidental els hi va tocar viure durant el període 1936-1939 gairebé totes
les experiències possibles d'aquella etapa. En la seva capital, Lleida, l'exèrcit va
participar en la revolta del mes de juliol de 1936 amb la col·laboració de la guàrdia
civil i de sectors civils que creien possible una solució violenta a la crisi d'hegemonia
social que patia l'estat espanyol, com estava passant en altres països d'Europa.
Com a reacció al fracàs de la revolta, en bona mesura condicionat per la
derrota dels rebels a Barcelona, es va desencadenar una revolució social contra la que
les autoritats republicanes es van mostrar incapaces de reaccionar, com tampoc ho
havien sabut fer contra els sollevats. La revolució, que va afectar la vida institucional,
política, econòmica i judicial dels lleidatans, multiplicà els centres de poder per tot el
país i generà unes pràctiques violentes en les que el component de classe i anticlerical
tingueren un paper central.
La manca de consens entre les forces polítiques de la rereguarda republicana,
l'evolució de la guerra i la poca maduresa d'un projecte revolucionari que es
desencadenà de manera espontània expliquen el seu col·lapse. Per altra banda, i a
mesura que la guerra s'allargava, es començaren a patir problemes en la distribució
de proveïments, agreujats per l'arribada de refugiats de la resta d'Espanya, i a notar
els efectes directes de les accions militars traduïdes en durs atacs aeris.
En aquestes condicions s'inicià la primavera de 1938, l'exèrcit franquista
trencà el front aragonès i ocupà una part important de les províncies de Lleida i de
Tarragona. L'estabilització del front seguint els rius Segre i Noguera Pallaresa des de
l'abril fins el Nadal deixà aquestes terres en primera línia de foc i, per tant, sota el
domini directe de l'exèrcit. Durant l'últim any de guerra els lleidatans van conèixer
directament els principis del que seria l'estat franquista a partir de 1939.
Centrar l'estudi d'aquestes etapes en un espai reduït, la ciutat de Lleida, però
sense oblidar en cap moment els problemes d'abast general que marquen la història
del país i d'Europa, ha permès a l'investigador fixar millor l'atenció en les
experiències vitals dels que patiren aquests esdeveniments.
Estudiar una ciudad del Poniente catalán durante los años de la guerra civil
española era una labor que aún estaba por hacer. A los ciudadanos de la Catalunya
occidental les tocó vivir en el período 1936-1939 prácticamente todas las
experiencias posibles de aquella etapa. En su capital, Lleida, el ejército participó en
la revuelta del mes de julio de 1936 con la colaboración de la guardia civil y de
sectores civiles que creían posible una solución violenta a la crisis de hegemonía
social que sufría el estado español, como estaba pasando en otros países de Europa.
Como reacción al fracaso de la revuelta, en buena medida condicionada por la
derrota de los rebeldes en Barcelona, se desencadenó una revolución social contra la
que las autoridades republicanas se mostraron incapaces de reaccionar, como
tampoco lo habían sabido hacer contra los sublevados. La revolución, que afectó la
vida institucional, política, económica y judicial de los leridanos, multiplicó los
centros de poder por todo el país y generó unas prácticas violentas en las que el
componente de clase y anticlerical tuvieron un papel central.
La falta de consenso entre las fuerzas políticas de la retaguardia republicana,
la evolución de la guerra y la poca madurez de un proyecto revolucionario que se
desencadenó de manera espontánea explican su colapso. Por otra parte, y a medida
que la guerra se alargaba, se comenzaron a padecer problemas en la distribución de
los abastecimientos, agravados por la llegada de refugiados del resto de España, y a
notar los efectos directos de las acciones militares traducidas en duros ataques aéreos.
En estas condiciones se inició la primavera de 1938, el ejército franquista
rompió el frente aragonés y ocupó una parte importante de las provincias de Lleida y
de Tarragona. La estabilización del frente siguiendo los ríos Segre y Noguera
Pallaresa desde abril hasta Navidad dejó estas tierras en primera línea de fuego y, por
tanto, bajo el dominio directo del ejército. Durante el último año de guerra los
leridanos conocieron directamente los principios de lo que sería el estado franquista a
partir de 1939.
Centrar el estudio de estas etapas en un espacio reducido, la ciudad de Lleida,
pero sin olvidar en ningún momento los problemas de ámbito general que marcan la
historia del país y de Europa, ha permitido al investigador fijar mejor la atención en
las experiencias vitales de los que sufrieron estos acontecimientos.
An essay about a city of the Catalan West during the civil war years is a task that has
never been undertaken. During the years from 1936 to 1939 the inhabitants of the
western Catalonia had to live almost all the possible experiences of that period. In its
capital, Lleida, the army took part in the riot of July 1936, in the collaboration with
the Civil Guard and with civilian sectors that believed a violent strategy would be an
answer to the social hegemony crisis the Spanish state was suffering, like it was
happening in other European countries.
As a reaction to the failure of the riot, in great part due to the defeat of the rebels in
Barcelona, it started a social revolution against which the republican authorities were
unable to react, just like it happened with the rebels. The revolution, which affected
the institutional, politic, economic and judicial life of the inhabitants of Lleida,
increased the number of centres of power throughout the country and caused a series
of violent methods in which the class and anticlerical component had the main role.
The lack of accord among the political forces of the republican rearguard, the
evolution of war and the lack of wisdom of a revolutionary project that set off
spontaneously are mainly the reasons of its collapse. On the other side, and as the war
prolonged, they started to suffer some problems of supplies distribution, worsened by
the arrival of refugees from the other regions of Spain, and also the direct
consequences of the military actions that entailed harsh air raids.
In theses conditions comes the spring of 1938, when the pro-Franco army broke the
Aragonese front and occupied an important part of the provinces of Lleida and
Tarragona. The station of the front along the rivers Segre and Noguera Pallaresa from
April to Christmas, left these lands on the front line and therefore, under the direct
authority of the army. During the last year of the war the inhabitants of Lleida got to
know the beginnings of what it would be the pro-Franco state from 1939.
Focusing this essay in a limited area, the city of Lleida, but without forgetting in any
moment the problems with a general range and which mark the history of the country
and of Europe in those moments, has enabled the researcher to draw his attention to
the essential experiences that caused these events.
Martínez, Muñoz Pau. "La cinematografía anarquista en Barcelona durante la Guerra Civil (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7526.
Full textLa investigació està centrada en la recopilació i catalogació exhaustiva de tota la filmografia existent: reportatges de guerra, documentals de propaganda i pel·lícules de ficció. Se ha realitzat l'anàlisi de tots els films i s'ha elaborat una classificació cronològica i temàtica per establir una caracterització de la filmografia anarquista en els seus aspectes temàtics i estilístics. Finalment, s'ha fet una valoració del interès i la seva singularitat de en relació amb la cinematografia de la Guerra Civil.
La tesis doctoral trata sobre la producción cinematográfica realizada por el movimiento anarcosindicalista en Barcelona durante la Guerra Civil española (1936-1939). Un corpus total de ochenta y tres títulos, aunque en la actualidad sólo se conservan cuarenta y cuatro cintas, no todas ellas completas.
La investigación se centra en la recopilación y catalogación exhaustiva de toda la filmografía existente: reportajes de guerra, documentales de propaganda y películas de ficcción. Se ha realizado el análisis de todas las películas y se ha elaborado una clasificación cronológica y temática para poder establecer una caracterización de la filmografía anarquista en sus aspectos temáticos y estilísticos. Finalmente, se ha hecho una valoración sobre el interés y la singularidad de los filmes en relación con la cinematografía completa de la Guerra Civil.
The subject of this dissertation is the film production carried on by Anarcosindicalist movement in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). It represents a total of eighty three titles, but only forty are found today, and not all of them completed.
The investigation is centered in the recollection and exhaustive catalogation of the total existed filmography: war reports, propaganda documentaries and fiction films. The study includes an analysis of all the films and a chronological and thematic classification of the anarquiste filmography, in order to be able to establish its thematic and stylistic aspects. Finally, the dissertation also includes an evaluation of the interest and uniqueness of the films in relation to the total filmography produced during the Civil War.
Souza, João Gabriel Fraga de Toledo e. "O jogo duplo espanhol : a política externa brasileira no contexto da Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939) /." Marília, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151950.
Full textBanca: André Scantimburgo
Banca: Clodoaldo Bueno
Resumo: Esta dissertação aborda o tema da História da Política Externa Brasileira durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939). Utilizando fontes bibliográficas e documentais de tipos variados analisamos como o governo brasileiro se envolveu diretamente no conflito desde suas primeiras semanas, desenvolvendo relações com ambos lados do conflito civil, tanto em território espanhol quanto nacional, chegando a agir conjuntamente com outros países neste contexto. Em um primeiro momento, partimos de um esforço historiográfico concernente a história da política externa brasileira no período anterior ao conflito, passando por uma breve contextualização acerca dos antecedentes históricos do conflito espanhol e os efeitos imediatos da eclosão deste sob o sistema internacional pós-tratado de Versalhes. Ademais, se acrescentam a este momento inicial apontamentos acerca da história das relações hispano-brasileiras no período anterior ao conflito civil. Partindo destas observações, exploramos a trajetória das relações brasileiras com o governo republicano espanhol e a junta militar nacionalista, como estas se desenvolveram ao longo do conflito e como tal desenvolvimento criou uma situação única na história da política externa brasileira, na qual o Itamaraty, durante quase três anos, conduziu as relações brasileiras aceitando um cenário duplicidade representativa do Estado Espanhol, agindo regularmente em arrepio ao direito internacional na busca da defesa dos interesses nacionais. Concluímos noss... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This dissertation focus is the History of Brazilian Foreign Policy during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Using bibliographic and documentary sources of various types, we analyze how the Brazilian government was involved in the Spanish conflict since its first weeks, developing diplomatic relations with both sides, in Spanish territory and national territory, acting jointly with other countries in this context. Initially, we begin with a historiographic effort concerning the history of Brazilian foreign policy in the period prior to the conflict and a brief contextualization about the historical context behind the Spanish conflict and it's effects on the post-Versailles international system. A brief analysis reagarding the history of Hispano-Brazilian relations in the period prior to the civil conflict is also present in this initial stage. Based on these observations, we will explore the trajectory of Brazilian relations with the Spanish republican government and the nationalist military junta, how these developed throughout the conflict and how such development created a unique situation in the history of Brazilian foreign policy, in which the Itamaraty, developed the Brazilian relations with Spain with two adversarial entities who claimed to represent the Spanish State, a scenario in which international law was ignored to ensure defense of national interests. We conclude our analyzis with brief notes on the end of the civil war, its repercussions in Brazil and Spain, as... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Camargo, Fernando Furquim de. "O Brasil e a Guerra Civil Espanhola: fluxos econômicos e negociações oficiosas (1936-1939)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8137/tde-09032017-113715/.
Full textThe aim of this research is to analyze the relations between the Brazilian government and the Spanish Civil War. From the military uprising of 1936 July 17th, the domestic scenery of Spanish State became the epicenter of a struggle between conservative forces and the diversity of left political groups. Since its first moments, the civil war crossed the Spanish and European borders. If, on the one hand, there was a direct and indirect involvement of the European countries, on the other hand, there was also a substantial significance in the Americas. Thus, this thesis intends to develop an approach between the roles of public and private organizations of Vargas government and the related groups of the Spanish Civil War, mainly those ones under the General Francisco Francos control. The attitudes of public bodies as the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Coffee Department, it had a key role to an unofficial support to the insurgents, meanwhile, the diplomatic representations of Spanish Second Republic were gradually sent to a marginal condition.
Silva, Cândida Carolina de Andrade e. "Memórias : vestígios da guerra civil espanhola em fragmentos literários no Brasil (1936-1975)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/7838.
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No presente trabalho tenho como objetivo trazer para a cena histórica vestígios de memórias de autores brasileiros que escreveram sobre a guerra civil espanhola e o Estado Novo, interpretando como esses fragmentos literários se configuram em legados, elementos construtores de projetos de memórias. Essas prosas e poesias acenam para a possibilidade de ser ampliado o campo de interrogação e constituição de outras versões desses processos históricos. __________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMEN
En este trabajo, me propongo traer a la escena histórica las huellas de las memórias de autores brasileños que han escrito acerca de la guerra civil española y el Estado Novo, interpretando como estos fragmentos literários se configuran como legados, elementos constructores de proyectos de memórias. Estas prosas y poesías me señalan la posibilidad de ampliar el ámbito de la interrogación y la formación de otras versiones de estos procesos históricos. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This paper has the objective of bringing the historical scene of memories of Brazilian authors who wrote about the Spanish Civil War and the New State, by interpreting how these literary fragments are configured in legacy components and designed as memories. These prose and poetry are the possibility of being extended the field of interrogation and formation of other versions of these historical processes.
Alía, Miranda Francisco Espadas Burgos Manuel. "La guerra civil en retaguardia : conflicto y revolución en la provincia de Ciudad Real, 1936-1939 /." Ciudad Real : Diputación de Ciudad Real, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370628306.
Full textBibliogr. p.435-452. Titre de couv. : "La guerra civil en retaguardia, Ciudad Real, 1936-1939"
Souza, João Gabriel Fraga de Toledo e. [UNESP]. "O jogo duplo espanhol: a política externa brasileira no contexto da Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151950.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta dissertação aborda o tema da História da Política Externa Brasileira durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939). Utilizando fontes bibliográficas e documentais de tipos variados analisamos como o governo brasileiro se envolveu diretamente no conflito desde suas primeiras semanas, desenvolvendo relações com ambos lados do conflito civil, tanto em território espanhol quanto nacional, chegando a agir conjuntamente com outros países neste contexto. Em um primeiro momento, partimos de um esforço historiográfico concernente a história da política externa brasileira no período anterior ao conflito, passando por uma breve contextualização acerca dos antecedentes históricos do conflito espanhol e os efeitos imediatos da eclosão deste sob o sistema internacional pós-tratado de Versalhes. Ademais, se acrescentam a este momento inicial apontamentos acerca da história das relações hispano-brasileiras no período anterior ao conflito civil. Partindo destas observações, exploramos a trajetória das relações brasileiras com o governo republicano espanhol e a junta militar nacionalista, como estas se desenvolveram ao longo do conflito e como tal desenvolvimento criou uma situação única na história da política externa brasileira, na qual o Itamaraty, durante quase três anos, conduziu as relações brasileiras aceitando um cenário duplicidade representativa do Estado Espanhol, agindo regularmente em arrepio ao direito internacional na busca da defesa dos interesses nacionais. Concluímos nossa reflexão com apontamentos sobre o final da guerra civil, suas repercussões no Brasil, na Espanha e no resto de um mundo prestes a mergulhar no maior conflito bélico de toda a história humana.
This dissertation focus is the History of Brazilian Foreign Policy during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Using bibliographic and documentary sources of various types, we analyze how the Brazilian government was involved in the Spanish conflict since its first weeks, developing diplomatic relations with both sides, in Spanish territory and national territory, acting jointly with other countries in this context. Initially, we begin with a historiographic effort concerning the history of Brazilian foreign policy in the period prior to the conflict and a brief contextualization about the historical context behind the Spanish conflict and it´s effects on the post-Versailles international system. A brief analysis reagarding the history of Hispano-Brazilian relations in the period prior to the civil conflict is also present in this initial stage. Based on these observations, we will explore the trajectory of Brazilian relations with the Spanish republican government and the nationalist military junta, how these developed throughout the conflict and how such development created a unique situation in the history of Brazilian foreign policy, in which the Itamaraty, developed the Brazilian relations with Spain with two adversarial entities who claimed to represent the Spanish State, a scenario in which international law was ignored to ensure defense of national interests. We conclude our analyzis with brief notes on the end of the civil war, its repercussions in Brazil and Spain, as the world was about to descend into the greatest war in all of human history.
García, i. Ferrandis Xavier. "La reorganització de l'assistència medicoquirúrgica de la ciutat de València durant la Guerra Civil espanyola (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/78807.
Full textGeostrategic situation of Valencia during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), proximity to the front of Teruel and unfavorable course of the war for the republican faction converted the city into a centre of attraction for war injured and evacuated civil population. Because of this marked increase of demand of sanitary assistance, Valencian authorities did a great effort to reorganize the city’s sanitary infrastructures network. This readaptation consisted basically in fitting out several hospitals for sick and wounded militiamen ("Blood Hospitals"), as well as the creation of four new specialized hospitals (the Anti-trachoma Hospital, the Neurological Hospital, the Refugees Hospital and the Infectious Diseases Hospital). Likewise, hospitals already existing before the contest’s outbreak had to readjust to it. It was the case of Provincial Hospital, of Provincial Mental Hospital and of Porta-Coeli's Anti-tuberculosis Sanatorium. Nevertheless, this intense sanitary reorganization was unable to absorb the demand of sanitary assistance provoked by the marked population increase that Valencia suffered. Thus, a progressive collapse of the city’s sanitary institutions began at the end of 1936, process that was consolidated throughout 1937 and culminated in 1938 with the breakdown of the welfare system.
Fraga, Gerson Wasen. "Brancos e vermelhos : a guerra civil espanhola através das páginas do jornal Correio do Povo (1936-1939)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13072.
Full textIn 1936-39, the Spain was loose by a violent Civil War. Happened in the between wars age, when the capitalism experiment the effects of the 29’s crisis, when the fascism crossed your moment of affirmation in Europe, and when the Russian Revolution presented a political alternative for the peoples, this happening rendered rich in symbols and meanings, attracting the attention and the solidarity of share of the world for both the sides in quarrel. In Brazil, marked for the repression at communism afterwards 1935, the Spanish Civil War served, for the elites, how example of the how can happen here in the event of the communism meeted firm land in the american continent, to be a from the forms of diffuse this idea the pages of the big press. Our objective is demonstrate how the Spanish Civil War gone presented for the society by Correio do Povo journal, in the time of the happening the newspaper of higher importance in the Rio Grande do Sul State. Through of this reading about the happenings in the Spain at that disturbed years, we have a example of the shape how the social changes ideas was includeds by a parcel of the brazilian elites, as well as of the your arrangement with the official politics from that moment.
Marques, Maria Gorete Costa. "Mauriac e Bernanos: dois escritores católicos face à Guerra Civil de Espanha." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21446.
Full textA Guerra Civil de Espanha é frequentemente evocada como uma ante-estreia da Segunda Guerra mundial, mas ela destaca-se de outros conflitos do século XX, sobretudo pela militante motivação ideológica e religiosa. O pronunciamiento, levado a cabo pelos militares em Julho de 1936, dividiu a Espanha e o mundo ao redimensionar-se como um conflito de totalitarismos, impregnado pelo espírito de cruzada com que Franco (apoiado pelo episcopado espanhol) tentou combater os infiéis republicanos. Esta situação suscitou um desencontrado questionamento, no seio da intelligentsia mundial, assumido em proclamações literárias e levado até ao envolvimento armado. Para os intelectuais católicos, a escolha parecia, à partida, óbvia. No entanto, dois intelectuais católicos franceses - François Mauriac e Georges Bernanos - tomaram um caminho surpreendente, diferente do esperado. Apesar de inicialmente aprovarem, publicamente, o pronunciamiento, ambos, com diferente fundamento, acabaram por se tornar antifranquistas e, em textos publicados, denunciaram a cruzada de Franco. As tomadas de posição de Mauriac e Bernanos foram determinadas pelo amor à religião mas contrariaram o acatamento doutrinário dos seus contemporâneos. As suas reacções serão criticadas pela maior parte dos pensadores e publicistas católicos da sua época.
The Spanish Civil War is frequently referred to as a forerunner of the Second World War, but it stands out among other 20th century conflicts, due to its ideological and religious motivation. The pronunciamento, which was carried out by the military in July 1936, split both Spain and the world, turning it into a conflict of totalitarianisms, filled with Franco’s crusade ideals with which he fought the republican infidels (with the support of the Spanish Bishops). This situation triggered various queries within the world’s intelligentsia, which assumed a literary form and were drown to armed conflict. To most Catholic intellectuals, the choice seemed obvious, at least apparently. However, two French Catholics – François Mauriac and Georges Bernanos – chose a surprising and unexpected path. Although they started by publicly supporting the pronunciamento, both of them, for different reasons, eventually became anti-Franco, and their writings denounced Franco’s crusade. Mauriac and Bernanos, whose positions reflected their love for religion, opposed the doctrine of their contemporaries. Their reactions will be criticised by most Catholic thinkers and publicists of their time.
La Guerre Civile espagnole est souvent évoquée comme une avantpremière de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, mais elle diffère d’autres conflits du XXe siècle, surtout par sa motivation idéologique et religieuse. Le pronunciamiento, fait par les militaires en juillet 1936, a divisé l’Espagne et le monde en se révélant un conflit de totalitarismes, impregné par l’esprit de croisade avec lequel Franco (soutenu par l’épiscopat espagnol) a voulu entamer un combat contre les infidèles républicains. Cette situation a suscité plusieurs questions, dans le milieu de l’intelligentsia mondiale, assumées dans des proclamations littéraires et menées jusqu’à l’engagement armé. Pour les intellectuels catholiques, le choix semblait, au départ, évident. Cependant, deux intellectuels catholiques français - François Mauriac et Georges Bernanos – ont suivi un parcours surprenant. Bien que, au début, ces écrivains aient approuvé publiquement le pronunciamiento, tous deux, pour des raisons différentes, sont devenus antifranquistes et ont denoncé, dans leurs écrits, la croisade de Franco. Les prises de position de Mauriac et de Bernanos ont été déterminées par l’amour à la religion mais elles ont contrarié l’acceptation doctrinaire de leurs contemporains. Leurs réactions seront critiquées par la plupart des penseurs et des publicistes de l’époque.
Romero, Pérez Elena. "El primer franquismo y Chile (1939-1945): la continuación de la guerra civil : política fuera del territorio español, y su proyección en las relaciones bilaterales con Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/108536.
Full textVillarroya, i. Font Joan 1953. "Violència i repressió a la reraguarda catalana : 1936-1939." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1997.
Full textL'estudi de la violència en la reraguarda catalana és necessari per conèixer què fou, quan, fins on arribà, quins sectors foren colpits, quin temps tingué, com reaccionaren els qui la visqueren, per apropar-nos a la més variada motivació dels qui l'exerciren, per concretar quants en foren víctimes, per diferenciar les seves professions, opcions politiquees o circumstàncies més diverses. Tot aquest complex món de repressió i violència, mort i represàlia, cal computar-lo d'una manera on les contradiccions de signe polític, període o època en què es produeix, responsabilitat o circumstància sigui possible interpretar-ho dins la vida revolucionària o de guerra que va viure Catalunya de juliol de 1936 a febrer de 1939. D'aquí que la metodologia que hem aplicat es basi en el criteri de fer la recerca més exhaustiva a totes les fonts i documents que hem pogut treballar.
En primer lloc hem seguit tots i cada un dels Registres Civils (Secció de Defuncions) de totes les poblacions de Catalunya, tasca que ens permet elaborar una primera relació de víctimes de repressió i la data del traspàs. També ens permet conèixer la identitat de la majoria de les morts, així com l'edat, el lloc d'origen i el de residència, la professió, l'estat civil, la causa de la mort i, sovint, ens és indicat el lloc i l'hora. Pel que fa als desconeguts, la Generalitat republicana va crear en plena Guerra Civil una comissió que dirigia un Jutge especial, Bertran de Quintana, per la investigació de "Exhumació d'assassinats i inhumacions clandestines", que reuní un important aplec de documentació i realitzà algunes passes importants per a la clarificació de les morts, incloent-hi expedició d'actes de defunció. Tot i així, continuaven fent-se paleses algunes llacunes importants, de manera que en alguns casos vam recòrrer a fons alternatives, com l'Hospital Clínic, on eren conduïts els cadàvers que es trobaven a l'extraradi de Bacelona, o al registre del Dipòsit Judicial.
Un cop analitzades les fonts provinents del costat republicà, ens vam concentrar en l'anàlisi de les fonts sorgides al bàndol dels sublevats, dit "nacional". Després d'acabada la Guerra Civil, el Ministeri de Justícia va posar en marxa l'anomenada "Causa Nacional", que avui es troba dipositada a l' "Archivo HistóricoNacional", radicat a Madrid. Els expedients, força complets, es troben organitzats per províncies i contenen una informació sovint molt exhaustiva de tot allò que succeí durant "la dominación roja", amb l'objectiu d'identificar i de depurar les corresponents responsabilitats político-judicials de les persones que es van veure implicades en els fets violents que tingueren lloc durant tot el període bèl·lic. Tot i la riquesa documental d'aquest fons, el regime franquista només n'usà una petita part i d'una forma absolutament tendenciosa, exagerant els episodis de violència, els abusos i els assassinats.
Altres fons del mateix bàndol, igualment valuoses, sòn per exemple la premsa periòdica (on després del conflicte es van publicar nombrosos articles i esqueles en record de determinats difunts) i un gens menyspreable aplec documental generat per recordatoris, opuscles, butlletins o fins i tot llibres on es recorda les víctimes de la reraguarda (membres de congregacions religioses, càrrecs d'ajuntaments, professionals o simples particulars) basant-se més en una relació directa de coincidència personal, familiar o professional que no pas en una simple voluntat propagandística. De fet, aquesta mena de fonts aporta unes cifres que resulten força ajustades sobre l'abast repressiu en l'àmbit que estudiaven. També cal considerar altres obres monogràfiques sobre la repressió en un àmbit geogràfic concret, on els historiadors locals, tot i manifestar prejudicis ideològics que no tenen res a veure amb la professió historiogràfica, realitzen algunes aportacions que cal tenir en compte.
Els resultats finals de la recerca s'han presentat en tres blocs organitzats de la manera següent: la primera part fa un repàs exhaustiu de la situació general a Catalunya des del juliol del 1936 fins a la fi de la guerra, la segona part fa una anàlisi de la violència i de la repressió a la reraguarda catalana durant el període bèl.lic, i finalment la tercera presenta una proposta de conclusions i un complet annex documental, on es presenten les dades recollides agrupades en funció de les Regions en què fou organitzada Catalunya segons la divisió territorial proposada per la Generalitat republicana. Una bibliografia i una relació de les fonts documentals consultades completen el present treball, que es presenta ara en versió digitalitzada mercès a la còpia dipositada al Centre d'Estudis Històrics Internacionals.
Montebello, Natalia Monzón. "Federalismo e autogestão: anarquismo - Proudhon, guerra civil espanhola." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2995.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The notions of federalism and self-management are used composing a analytic point of view on experimentation in the Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the Spanish Civil War. The analytic experimentation Policy propose questions that provoke conversation today with Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault and Nietzsche Friedich, as well the presence of Federico García Lorca. It is dissolving the identity, philosophy and history, out of play of the identity. In Proudhon, the serial analitic unfolds in decentralized federalism articulated to mutualism, as sliding out of State, that not only dispenses with the formality intitucional, as well as state form as well as of thought. Thus, the interruption of the centrality and the hierarchy of State describes in the anarchism the affirmation of freedom practices and free lifestyle of the sovereign. The anarchism don t happens as the oppositions to the State, but as invention of exist-rience free absolute authority, projecting itself as a multiplicity of partnerships, in the coexistence of the differents in equality. In the Spanish Civil War, the invention of freedon practices settles in the nineteenth century as social revolution that subervert the politic and economic fields demarked on the struggles of workers
As noções de federalismo e autogestão são utilizadas compondo um ponto de vista analítico na experimentação em Pierre-Joseph Proudhon e na Guerra Civil Espanhola. A experimentação analítica propõe questões que provocam conversas na atualidade, com Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault e Friedich Nietzsche, assim como também a presença de Federico García Lorca. Trata-se de dissolver as identidades, na filosofia e na história, fora da interpretação teórica. Em Proudhon, a analítica serial desdobra-se no federalismo descentralizado articulado ao mutualismo, como deslizamento fora do Estado, que não só prescinde da formalidade institucional, como também da forma Estado do pensamento. Dessa maneira, a interrupção da centralidade e da hierarquia do Estado descreve no anarquismo a afirmação de práticas de liberdade como estilo de vida livre do soberano. O anarquismo, então, não acontece como oposição ao Estado, mas como invenção da existência livre do absoluto da autoridade, projetando-se como multiplicidade de associações, na coexistência dos diferentes na igualdade. Na Guerra Civil Espanhola, a invenção de práticas de liberdade instala-se no século XIX como revolução social que suberverte os campos político ou econômico demarcados nas lutas dos trabalhadores
Boquera, Diago Ester. "La batalla de la persuasió durant la Guerra Civil. El cas del Comissariat de Propaganda de la Generalitat de Catalunya (1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/300589.
Full textEsta investigación se centra en el estudio del Comissariat de Propaganda, el órgano oficial de persuasión que el gobierno de la Generalitat de Catalunya creó con el inicio de la Guerra Civil (1936-1939). El objetivo de la tesis es, por un lado, reconstruir y explicar cronológicamente la actividad desarrollada por este organismo. Por otro lado, analizar desde un punto de vista comunicativo las técnicas que empleó, sus objetivos, los públicos receptores y la evolución que experimenta como institución emisora. El propósito final es definir los aspectos que caracterizan su modelo persuasivo, partiendo de la hipótesis que ejecutó la propaganda con un estilo particular, marcado por el uso frecuente de medios y técnicas persuasivas basadas en la publicidad y otras de inspiración anglosajona desarrolladas durante la Gran Guerra (1914-1918). En cuanto a la estructura, la primera parte pretende aclarar conceptos clave como la propaganda y otros términos afines. La segunda parte expone los antecedentes comunicativo-persuasivos desde el inicio de la Primera Guerra Mundial hasta el fin de la Guerra Civil. La tercera parte explica la actividad del Comissariat de Propaganda según unos puntos de inflexión que vienen determinados por acontecimientos como los Sucesos de Mayo de 1937, el establecimiento del gobierno de la República en Barcelona o la llegada del frente a Cataluña.
The focus of the research is the study of the Comissariat de Propaganda, the official persuasive organization that the government of the Generalitat de Catalunya created with the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The aim of the doctoral dissertation is, on one hand, reconstruct and explain chronologically the activity developed by this organism. On the other, the research also wants to analyze from a communicative point of view the techniques that employed, its objectives, the targets and the evolution of the institution. The final purpose is to define the aspects that characterize its persuasive model, starting from the hypothesis that it executed the propaganda with a particular style, marked by the frequent use of persuasive methods and techniques based on advertising and others of Anglo-Saxon inspiration developed during the Great War (1914-1918). In terms of structure, the first part wants to elucidate key concepts like propaganda and other related terms. The second part exposes the communicational antecedents since the start of the First World War until the end of the Spanish Civil War. The third part explains the activity of the Comissariat de Propaganda from some turning points according to certain events like the May Days of 1937, the settlement of the Spanish Republican government into Barcelona or when the battlefront reached Catalonia.
Oliveira, Valéria Garcia de. "Carne de Fieras, Barrios Bajos e Aurora de Esperanza - o melodrama anarquista na produção cinematográfica da CNT, durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-19062012-160059/.
Full textConsidering the relation between History and Cinema, this present dissertation will ponder on the anarchist cinematographic production of CNT during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) through the analysis of three of its most important fiction works: Carne de Fieras (1936/1992), Barrios Bajos (1937) and Aurora de Esperanza (1937). They were structured in a classic and melodramatic narrative and, dealing with several themes, as adultery, gangster-linked prostitution and the misfortune of unemployment, they represent a unique initiative in the construction of a social cinema, under the command of a powerful anarchist organization during the revolutionary process. In this sense, well consider the specifics in the development of Spanish anarchism and cinema, for their singular features have given a specific dynamic to those movies.
Esteba, López Joaquin. "La sindicació de les arts plàstiques a Catalunya durant la Guerra Civil (1936-1939). Institucions d’operacions ideològiques i polarització entre l’art d’avantguarda i el realisme." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667199.
Full textEl focus de la present tesi el posem en la concepció del realisme i de l'avantguarda durant la Guerra Civil espanyola a Catalunya des de dos grans pilars: la concepció del nacionalisme implícit en el conflicte i la sindicació obligatòria dels artistes plàstics des de l’estiu de l’any 1936, que van suposar la institucionalització de la cultura en la seva necessitat d’alfabetització de la societat civil del moment. De quina manera aquests pilars van permetre una llibertat estètica per part de l’artista? Des de l’eixamplament de l’estètica en àmbits com la política en base la dicotomia art compromès / compromís de l’art, analitzem la posició dels artistes davant del realisme, el neoromanticisme, l’art d’avançada, les Avantguardes. De quina manera la qüestió política relacionada amb el Front Popular antifeixista i la revolució espanyola es sincronitza en la fonamentació teòrica del realisme i de l'avantguarda?
Biajoli, Maria Clara Pivato 1983. "Narrar utopias vividas : memoria e construção de si nas Mujeres Libres da Espanha." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279560.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho analisa os relatos de memória de algumas mulheres que militaram no movimento anarquista feminino espanhol do grupo Mujeres Libres, que esteve ativo durante a Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939). Focaliza as entrevistas, os livros, e documentários produzidos por elas, especialmente nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, sobre aqueles acontecimentos na Espanha e suas experiências. Pergunta de que forma se dá essa rememoração, que guarda fortemente as marcas do tempo presente, e ainda de que forma esses acontecimentos e essas memórias contribuíram na construção de suas subjetividades como mulheres anarquistas, após cinqüenta anos ou mais da derrota para as forças franquistas em 1939
Abstract: This work analises the narratives of memory of some women who participated at the Spanish anarchist and feminist movement of the group ¿Mujeres Libres¿, which was active during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). It focuses on the interviews, books and documentaries that have been produced by these women, especially at the 1980s and 1990s, about those events and their experiences. It asks about how this work of memory happens, which keeps strong marks of the present, and how this memories contribute to the construction of their subjectivities as anarchist women, even fifty years ou more after the defeat to the franquist army in 1939
Mestrado
Historia Cultural
Mestre em História
Vargas, Bruno. "Rodolfo llopis (1895-1983). L'unite d'un homme." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20018.
Full textOur thesis is based on the following assessment: rodolfo llopis (callosa d'ensarria 1895 - albi 1983) who for 30 years, was the general secretary of the spanish workers socialist party and one of the most prominent opponents to the franco regime, is nowadays forgotten. Not only within the rank and file of his own party, but also in his own country's history books. In order to try and understand this, we'we divided our study into two parts: the first part is dedicated to the study of the man's family and intellectual background as well as his political progress under the second spanish republic and during the civil war; his exile in france; the way his political developed and how he reacted in front of the new spanish democracy. The second part of our research is focused on the period between february and august 1947, when he was prime minister of the second spanish republic in exile, which highlights how basic democratic principles were trodden upon by western countries. Through this, we've been able to analyse llopis's political methods when faced with the realities of power; even if it was developed in very particular conditions
Quinsani, Rafael Hansen. "A revolução em película : uma reflexão sobre a relação cinema-história e a Guerra Civil Espanhola." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/26721.
Full textThis thesis presents a reflection on the relation between Cinema and History. The cinema had difficulty being accepted by historians as a source because of the characterization and qualification of this source, as well as their unwillingness to consider them. This paper discusses the relation between cinema and history and its ability of interaction. It ponders on the subject from the perspective of the historian's work and its historiographical doings. The discussion starts with the premise that the historian can not shut his eyes to the cinema, its challenges and different uses and abuses committed against history. To renounce debate and reflection implies on the loss of the social and political function that the historiographical doing carries, and we are inseparable from it. This thesis proposes the development of a filmhistory method of analysis, seeking to synthesize the reflections of different authors in the areas of History and Cinema. Our analysis is based on three films that address the context of the Spanish Civil War. The first movie is, ¡Ay, Carmela! (Carlos Saura, 1990), which focuses on the conflict through the dramas and desires of three stage actors and their struggle for survival. This film allows us to study the interrelations between art and war and between the humor in the characters’ actions and their plays against the horror of war and its traumas. The brigade and the presence of Italian fascists during the process of internationalization of the conflict are also highlighted by the film. The second film, Land and Freedom (Ken Loach, 1995), addresses the role of the militias and especially the political divisions that emerged within the Republican camp (or fascist) during the war. The film allows a discussion on the political debate within the left and the context in which it is portrayed. The third film, Freedomfighters (Vicente Aranda, 1996) discusses the role of the anarchist militias in the Civil War front through the story of the nun Maria and her journey with a group of anarchist fighters, depicted from a collective point of view without any character on a leading role. The conclusion presents comparative elements of the three films and reflects on the Cinema- History relation and its implications for contemporary society.
Tomanik, Geny Brillas. "Memórias, deslocamentos, lutas e experiências de um exilado espanhol: Pedro Brillas (1919-2006)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19862.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This thesis aims to analyze and discuss the life trajectory, including the recurring displacements, of Pedro Brillas (1919-2006), born in Barcelona, anarchist and former fighter that, when he was 17 years old, voluntarily enlisted the republican anti-Franco forces in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), where he was wounded. At the end, when the defeat was imminent – motivated by the advance and the attack of the Franco army, with the support or the Nazi Condor Legion –, the young man participated of the Spanish flow towards France denominated La Retirada. This massive Spanish exodus and the republican exile were consequences of the Spanish Civil War. When crossing the French border, in February 1939, he became a permanent exile, with only 19 years old. The guiding thread and the documentary body of the research is based on the private archive of Pedro Brillas, an historical agent, composed of several memoirs, journals (some of them from the war front), letters, official letters, personal documents (between wars) and pictures. This proposal is justified because it is a great and unprecedented archive that reveals common and extraordinary experiences, subjectivities, and narrates the displacements of Spanish exiles, as lived collectively. These e/immigrant‟s materials usually housed in chests and drawers, enables to retrieve and update the individual and collective memory, representing a great documental treasure of popular production, often invisible – and almost unavailable in archives records –, have gained value in the contemporary historiographic research. The memoirist witnessed, lived and recorded several historic facts and dramatic experiences, such as the Spanish Civil War, the Second World War (lived in France and Germany), the life at the French concentration camps, survived dangers, insecurities and uncertainty. Also, lived the quotidian of the war and the after-war period, in Germany, France and later in Brazil, to where he immigrated in 1951 with his family, supported by the International Refugee Organization (IRO), and was finally able to establish. The research is articulated with the historiographical studies about the Spanish Civil War and the international displacements of Spanish, particularly regarding the refugees and politic exiles, as well as the reception in these countries; and with studies on memory and identity
Esta tese objetiva analisar e discutir a trajetória de vida, incluindo os recorrentes deslocamentos, de Pedro Brillas (1919-2006), nascido em Barcelona, anarquista e ex-combatente que, aos 17 anos, alistou-se voluntariamente nas forças republicanas antifranquistas na Guerra Civil Espanhola (1936-1939), conflito em que foi ferido. No fim da iminente derrota – motivada pelo avanço e ataque das forças franquistas, com o apoio da Legião Condor nazista –, o jovem somou-se ao fluxo hispânico rumo à França denominado La Retirada. Esse êxodo massivo de espanhóis e o exílio republicano foram consequências da Guerra Civil Espanhola. Ao atravessar a fronteira francesa, em fevereiro de 1939, tornou-se exilado permanente, com apenas 19 anos de idade. O fio condutor e corpo documental da pesquisa fundamentam-se no acervo privado de Pedro Brillas, um sujeito histórico, composto de memórias, diários (inclusive da frente de batalha), cartas, correspondências oficiais, documentos pessoais (entre guerras) e fotografias. Tal proposta justifica-se por se tratar de um rico e inédito acervo que revela experiências cotidianas e extraordinárias, subjetividades, além dos deslocamentos dos exilados espanhóis, vivenciados coletivamente. Esses materiais de e/imigrantes, geralmente guardados em baús e gavetas, possibilitam recuperar e atualizar a memória individual e coletiva, representam um tesouro documental da produção de populares, muitas vezes invisível – pouco disponível em arquivos públicos –, e ganharam valor na pesquisa historiográfica contemporânea. O memorialista testemunhou, vivenciou e registrou fatos históricos e experiências dramáticas, como a Guerra Civil Espanhola, a Segunda Guerra Mundial (vivenciada na França e na Alemanha), a vida nos campos de concentração franceses, sobreviveu a perigos, inseguranças e incertezas. Além disso, vivenciou o cotidiano da guerra e do período pós-bélico, na Alemanha, na França e no Brasil, para onde emigrou em 1951 com a família, apoiado pela International Refugee Organization (IRO), e finalmente fixou raízes. A investigação articula-se com os estudos historiográficos sobre a Guerra Civil Espanhola e os deslocamentos internacionais de espanhóis, particularmente as questões que envolvem refugiados e exilados políticos, bem como o acolhimento nesses países; e ainda com os estudos sobre memória e identidade
Hogue, Kari L. "Representaciones de la Guerra Civil Espanola en la novela y el cine: Hacia una comprension del pasado y una reconciliacion con la realidad actual." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1363358669.
Full textSerra, Armengol Maria de Lluc. "Els museus catalans en els primers anys del franquisme. Anàlisi de la utilització dels centres museístics catalans en el període 1939-1947." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/289569.
Full textThis thesis has as its main objective the analysis of what happened to the museums of Catalonia during the first years of the Francoist dictatorship. In order to understand this period it is necessary to analyze the role that the Servicio de Defensa del Patrimonio Artístico Nacional played in relation to the museums, and as such the impact that this institution had on the museums. This has been possible thanks to the analysis of more than 4.000 documents unknown until now.Using this historical framework we present a study of the Catalan museums at the moment that they were reopened again just after the civil war. This is also compared to the functioning of museums before the war and what happened with them during the conflict. As such, an analysis is made of the main activities that took place in the museums at this period, how the museums boards worked, as well as the institutions that existed in that moment that contributed to restart the activity in the museums as early as 1939.
Santos, Maria Cristina Ferreira dos. "Vasco e a dialética do esquecimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29582.
Full textEn 1936, tuve inicio, en España, la Guerra Civil Española, que colocó en combate la derecha, la cual luchava pela permanencia de la monarquia, y las distintas vertentes esquerdistas, que almejavam la instalación del Regime Republicano y la modernización del país. Los países latino-americanos vivieran situaciones análogas de lucha pela modificación governamental y pela concesión de derechos a los proletarios. La grande mayoria de las tentativas fueran infrutíferas, como es el caso de Brasil, con la Coluna Prestes y la Intentona Comunista. Por eso, muchos brasileños, que tenian inclinación republicana, se solidarizaran con la causa de los rojos españoles y se alistaron como voluntarios de las Brigadas Internacionales. Ese foi el caso de la personaje Vasco Bruno, del romance Saga, de Erico Verissimo, que se destinó a España para auxiliar a la República. Durante el período que permaneció, y después de volver al Brasil, Vasco escribió un romance, como forma de catarse para sus traumas y culpas, en que relata los motivos que le levaran a alistarse, las tentativas de olvidar el pasado para suportar el ambiente hostil de la guerra, los acontecimientos trágicos de la guerra, y, además, su vuelta al Brasil y como era la vida para un intelectual militante. De esa forma, la presente pesquisa, de carácter bibliográfico, analisa la formación de la Memoria Cultural de la Guerra Civil Española a partir de la perspectiva de un voluntario brasileño, además de verificar la concepción histórica que permeia el romance Saga. Para eso, son utilizados los presupostos teóricos de Henri Bergson, Sigmund Freud, Harald Weinrich, Jan Assmann, Paul Ricouer, Walter Benjamin e Martin Heidegger. Constatase que la elaboración de un romance por un ex voluntario, que fue un testigo de los horrendos acontecimientos, perpetua esa memoria y propicia la reflexión sobre las barbáries, de las cuales somos todos herederos.
Maugendre, Maëlle. "Les réfugiées espagnoles en France (1939 - 1942) : des femmes entre assujettissements et résistances." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961467.
Full textVarilla, López Anilú. "Correspondencia de Miguel Hernández : hacia una representación sociocultural de la guerra civil española." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/15190.
Full textSantacreu, Soler José Miguel. "Cambio económico y conflicto bélico: transformaciones económicas en la retaguardia republicana (Alicante 1936-1939)." Doctoral thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/4005.
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