Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre au Kosovo (1998- )'
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Krempl, Stefan. "Medien, Internet, Krieg : das Beispiel Kosovo : ein Beitrag zur kritischen Medienanalyse /." München : Fisher, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb410731273.
Full textZygojannis, Philipp A. "Die Staatengemeinschaft und das Kosovo : humanitäre Intervention und internationale Übergangsverwaltung unter Berücksichtigung einer Verpflichtung des Intervenienten zur Nachsorge /." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40045377x.
Full textBraem, Yann. "Géopolitique des relations militaires-humanitaires : comparaison des interventions au Kosovo et en Afghanistan." Paris 8, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA082873.
Full textThis geopolitical study deals with the territorial stakes of the relations between military and humanitarian actors. These two types of independant actors have been increasingly associated in international interventions. Analysis of the operations in Kosovo and Afghanistan shows the genesis of military-humanitarian and their role in the management and control of territories in crisis. It gives an understanding of how the relations are shaped by the geopolitical and geographical specificities of the the territories where the relations take place. A first part deals with the institutionnalisation dynamics of military-humanitarian relations in the management of conflict-torn territories. A second part focuses, in a comprehensive approach, on the interests and positions of both types of actors : armed forces on the one hand, humanitarian actors on the other
Rushiti, Arben. "La communauté internationale face à la crise du Kosovo : de l'éclatement de l'ex-Yougoslavie à l'intervention de l'OTAN (1991-1999)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH035.
Full textFrom the collapse of former Yugoslavia in 1991 to the rising tensions at the end of 1997, the crisis of Kosovo had not been sufficiently considered by the international community, which was preoccupied with the management of open conflicts in Croatia and Bosnia. However, the outbreak of the armed conflict in early 1998 pushed the international community to react in Kosovo. That reaction was both late and insufficient to achieve a diplomatic solution for the conflict. One of the research questions of this work was to determine whether a political and peaceful resolution of the conflict was indeed possible. If, before the armed conflict, everything was not attempted to prevent its outbreak, chances to find a political solution, once the hostilities began, were illusory. Therefore, all of the initiatives undertaken by the international community during 1998, and in early 1999, were to no avail.In absence of any diplomatic solution, NATO intervened militarily against the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, from March to June 1999. The reasons behind this intervention constitute another important question of this thesis. In this crisis, NATO seems to have undergone the evolution of the situation rather than precede and anticipate it. According to our hypothesis, the Atlantic Alliance was involved in the conflict hoping that, by its threats, would avoid the need for a military intervention; and when the intervention became inevitable, NATO believed it to be short. Waiting to put an end to the conflict through military force demonstration against Belgrade, NATO found itself engaged in a war that had to be carried to the end, because its own credibility was at stake. While other factors have also played an important role, the issue of credibility seems to us to have been the major element that triggered NATO's intervention, and as such became its driving force as the intervention prolongated and intensified progressively
Tatarchuk, Natalia. "La question du Kosovo et les grandes puissances européennes, des origines au printemps 1999." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H009.
Full textKosovo is the disputed borderland between Serbia and Kosovo Albanians. The Serbs refer to Kosovo as the cradle of the Serb nation. The anniversary of the Battle of Kosovo Plain is the most important date in the Serbian national calendar. In 1981 there were major student protests in Pristina, followed by demands for Kosovo to be given republic status. The Serbian Communist leader S. Milosevic became president of Serbia in 1987 and in 1989 the Serbian parliament passed constitutional amendments reasserting Serbian control over Kosovo. In 1998 the Kosovo Liberation Anny unleashed a major guerrilla offensive. The conflict gained widespread international attention and was resolved with the intervention of the NATO
Haddad, Rayan. "Les processus d'insertion de conflits exogènes dans un espace public communautarisé : captations libanaises des crises du Kosovo, du 11 septembre, d'Afghanistan, et d'Irak." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0044.
Full textThis research examines the adaptations of the Lebanese “post-anomic” public sphere to the world political context beyond the Westphalian coordinates. It highlights how the societal sphere of a Weak State deals with cases of “turbulence” emerging from the world scene. More specifically, it identifies the processes through which specific “exogenous” crises are incorporated into the “local” Lebanese debate. The intertwinement of the dynamics of “localization” and “globalization” is here clearly illustrated; but this does not preclude any attempt to assess (on a case by case basis) the relative and differing importance of these dynamics within the interaction. We have hence deemed useful to make a (loose) distinction between two concepts: Lebanese “sensitivity” (designating the “local” relation – not devoid of interest - to certain tumultuous international events) and Lebanese “vulnerability” (referring to the dangerous convulsions in Lebanon’s immediate environment). The former concept is predominantly (and processually) related to an efficient normative activism on the part of identity entrepreneurs in the “public sphere” (affected by a simultaneous crisis of state and civil society). The latter concept is foremost the consequence of the interplay of “geopolitical forces” that are not guided in their policy-making by considerations pertaining to fundamental human rights in the Middle East nor to the future of the region’s peoples. The two abovementioned concepts follow intertwined dynamics that we attempt to identify and explain through the analysis of the representations and the policies of various actors at the local and global levels
Jovanović, Miloš. "Légitimité et légitimation du recours à la force dans l'après-guerre froide : Étude de cas : l'intervention militaire de l'OTAN contre la République fédérale de Yougoslavie (1999)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010325.
Full textThibault, Simon, and Simon Thibault. "Les réformes des systèmes médiatiques de la Bosnie-Herzégovine et du Kosovo, et les approches des responsables internationaux chargés de les mettre en oeuvre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27951.
Full textThèse en cotutelle Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris – 3, Paris, France.
Durant les opérations de reconstruction qui ont eu lieu à la suite des conflits en Bosnie-Herzégovine (1992-1995) et au Kosovo (1998-1999), d’importants moyens ont été déployés par des organisations internationales pour réformer les espaces médiatiques bosnien et kosovar en vue de les dépolitiser. Ces réformes visaient notamment la création d’instances de réglementation des médias et la transformation du secteur de la radiodiffusion, qui s’avérait problématique en raison de la présence de médias relayant des discours incitant leur auditoire à la haine ethnique ou religieuse. Ces initiatives en matière de réglementation des médias et de réforme du secteur de la radiodiffusion ont nécessité des investissements considérables. Elles ont aussi généré des débats animés, qui ont révélé des divergences importantes entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans ces processus de réforme. En Bosnie, par exemple, l’élaboration de la loi relative au système de radiodiffusion publique a provoqué des échanges acrimonieux entre les responsables du Bureau du Haut Représentant et l’ambassade américaine. Au Kosovo, les initiatives de réglementation de la presse kosovare menées par l’OSCE et l’ONU ont été vivement critiquées par des ONG de défense de la presse qui les associaient à de la censure. Comment expliquer ces débats qui dévoilent différentes philosophies d’intervention en matière de réforme des médias? En procédant à une étude des théories normatives de la presse et de la littérature spécialisée, nous avons élaboré deux idéaux-types : l’« approche américaine » et l’« approche ouest-européenne ». Les caractéristiques de ces deux concepts idéal-typiques nous ont permis d’analyser les données recueillies durant notre recherche, incluant 50 entrevues, dont plusieurs avec des acteurs diplomatiques qui ont été au cœur de ces processus de réforme. Ce faisant, nous avons construit quatre propositions qui dévoilent les principales conclusions avancées dans cette thèse. Nous suggérons notamment que les approches des acteurs impliqués dans les processus de réforme des médias en Bosnie et au Kosovo peuvent être éclairées par certaines normes dominantes des environnements médiatiques aux États-Unis et en Europe de l’Ouest, ce qui permet une meilleure compréhension de leurs débats et leurs divergences.
Durant les opérations de reconstruction qui ont eu lieu à la suite des conflits en Bosnie-Herzégovine (1992-1995) et au Kosovo (1998-1999), d’importants moyens ont été déployés par des organisations internationales pour réformer les espaces médiatiques bosnien et kosovar en vue de les dépolitiser. Ces réformes visaient notamment la création d’instances de réglementation des médias et la transformation du secteur de la radiodiffusion, qui s’avérait problématique en raison de la présence de médias relayant des discours incitant leur auditoire à la haine ethnique ou religieuse. Ces initiatives en matière de réglementation des médias et de réforme du secteur de la radiodiffusion ont nécessité des investissements considérables. Elles ont aussi généré des débats animés, qui ont révélé des divergences importantes entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans ces processus de réforme. En Bosnie, par exemple, l’élaboration de la loi relative au système de radiodiffusion publique a provoqué des échanges acrimonieux entre les responsables du Bureau du Haut Représentant et l’ambassade américaine. Au Kosovo, les initiatives de réglementation de la presse kosovare menées par l’OSCE et l’ONU ont été vivement critiquées par des ONG de défense de la presse qui les associaient à de la censure. Comment expliquer ces débats qui dévoilent différentes philosophies d’intervention en matière de réforme des médias? En procédant à une étude des théories normatives de la presse et de la littérature spécialisée, nous avons élaboré deux idéaux-types : l’« approche américaine » et l’« approche ouest-européenne ». Les caractéristiques de ces deux concepts idéal-typiques nous ont permis d’analyser les données recueillies durant notre recherche, incluant 50 entrevues, dont plusieurs avec des acteurs diplomatiques qui ont été au cœur de ces processus de réforme. Ce faisant, nous avons construit quatre propositions qui dévoilent les principales conclusions avancées dans cette thèse. Nous suggérons notamment que les approches des acteurs impliqués dans les processus de réforme des médias en Bosnie et au Kosovo peuvent être éclairées par certaines normes dominantes des environnements médiatiques aux États-Unis et en Europe de l’Ouest, ce qui permet une meilleure compréhension de leurs débats et leurs divergences.
During the interventions that followed the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) and in Kosovo (1998-1999), important resources were engaged by international organizations to reform the Bosnian and Kosovan media space. These reforms were aimed at the depoliticization of the media environment through the establishment of media regulatory bodies and the transformation of the broadcasting sector, which had caused concern due to the presence of propagandist media that were inciting ethnic and religious hatred. Media regulatory and broadcasting reforms implemented in Bosnia and Kosovo required significant investments. Most interestingly, these reforms caused heated debates that revealed significant differences of view among the actors involved. In Bosnia, for instance, the development of a law targeting the public broadcasting system generated a sometimes acrimonious debate between the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and the American embassy. In Kosovo, initiatives to regulate the media by the OSCE mission and the United Nations were vigorously criticized by NGOs defending freedom of the press, arguing that such measures amounted to censoring of the media. How can we explain these debates, which reveal different intervention philosophies with regards to media reforms? In light of an analysis of the normative theories of the press and of the relevant scientific literature, we have developed two ideal-types: the “American approach” and the “West-European approach”. These two concepts facilitated the analysis of the data collected during this doctoral research. The data included the information gathered from fifty interviews, many of which were conducted with policy makers and diplomats that played a key role in these reforms. The data collection and analysis, achieved through an iterative process, allowed us to develop four propositions, which reveal the main findings of this research. We suggest, among other things, that the approaches of the actors involved in the media reform processes in Bosnia and Kosovo can be explained in light of some of the media environments’ dominant norms in the United States and in Western Europe, which clarifies in turn the different perspectives of these actors and the debates that resulted.
During the interventions that followed the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) and in Kosovo (1998-1999), important resources were engaged by international organizations to reform the Bosnian and Kosovan media space. These reforms were aimed at the depoliticization of the media environment through the establishment of media regulatory bodies and the transformation of the broadcasting sector, which had caused concern due to the presence of propagandist media that were inciting ethnic and religious hatred. Media regulatory and broadcasting reforms implemented in Bosnia and Kosovo required significant investments. Most interestingly, these reforms caused heated debates that revealed significant differences of view among the actors involved. In Bosnia, for instance, the development of a law targeting the public broadcasting system generated a sometimes acrimonious debate between the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and the American embassy. In Kosovo, initiatives to regulate the media by the OSCE mission and the United Nations were vigorously criticized by NGOs defending freedom of the press, arguing that such measures amounted to censoring of the media. How can we explain these debates, which reveal different intervention philosophies with regards to media reforms? In light of an analysis of the normative theories of the press and of the relevant scientific literature, we have developed two ideal-types: the “American approach” and the “West-European approach”. These two concepts facilitated the analysis of the data collected during this doctoral research. The data included the information gathered from fifty interviews, many of which were conducted with policy makers and diplomats that played a key role in these reforms. The data collection and analysis, achieved through an iterative process, allowed us to develop four propositions, which reveal the main findings of this research. We suggest, among other things, that the approaches of the actors involved in the media reform processes in Bosnia and Kosovo can be explained in light of some of the media environments’ dominant norms in the United States and in Western Europe, which clarifies in turn the different perspectives of these actors and the debates that resulted.
Kuntzsch, Felix. "The violent politics of nationalism : identity and legitimacy in Palestine, Kosovo and Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25036.
Full textIn this thesis, I argue that violence is a means used by militant nationalists to persuade their audiences both within and without the nation of the inexorable nature of their nationalist project. What I call the violent politics of nationalism is essentially a struggle for legitimacy. The militants’ armed strategy, I assert, is one of provocation. Political violence is likely to provoke state repression. Where it does so, it vindicates nationalist claims and helps to wrest political legitimacy from the state. Yet, such legitimation is based on a transformation of collective identity, that is, people’s self-perception. The nation, in order to legitimize the militants, has to take a combative and uncompromising look. The intentional escalation of violence thus has a productive effect in that it determines what the people, as a nation, are. The mechanism of provoked escalation constitutes the building block of what I conceptualize as the combined process of political legitimation and identity transformation. When this dynamic is set in motion, militants emerge as the legitimate representatives of their nation which, in turn, helps them to secure the support of third parties. In order to substantiate my argument, I present a theoretical framework summarizing my approach, which I call strategic constructivist. The framework is then applied to a set of three case studies, namely, the nationalist conflicts in Palestine, Kosovo and Québec. I focus on the evolution of the respective nationalist movements and the role played in them by the relevant armed groups, that is, Fatah/PLO, the KLA, and the FLQ. Across these widely disparate cases, I trace the process that my framework highlights. The three historical narratives analyze the impact the use of violence had on the different nationalist projects in terms of identity transformation and the legitimation of militants at home and abroad. I find that my framework offers heuristic purchase in all three cases and that across them the intensity of violence co-varies with its identity-shaping effect and the level of legitimacy the militants achieved. Also, in all three cases militant action contributed to making political identities and political boundaries converge.
Tamminen, Tanja. "Des frontières convoitées aux marches de l'Union européenne : la gouvernance européenne de l'espace politique dans les Balkans du sud après la guerre du Kosovo (1999-2008)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0010.
Full textThis thesis concentrates on the construction of political space and the role of borders in today’s Europe. We study the transfer of new models of organisation of political space to a region that we call the Southern Balkans – Albania, Macedonia (FYROM), (Southern) Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo and Bulgaria. The common past of this region under Ottoman rule and the number of border changes that have occurred in this region create a complex socio-historical context. This region is also interesting because the countries of the area are at different stages in their relations with the European Union. Inspired by Michel Foucault, we approach Europeanization as a form of “normalisation”. We ask ourselves how the Southern Balkans become an object of specific knowledge and how these objectivising practices influence for example new techniques for the governance of border regions. For three reasons the analysis covers the period 1999-2008: the Stability Pact for South East Europe conceived just after Kosovo war ended in 2008 as regional cooperation was taken over by local actors. The Kosovo war in 1999 pushed the European Union to develop a more coherent policy towards the Western Balkans. And in June 1999 Kosovo was placed under UN administration, UNMIK. This transitional period ended when Kosovo declared independence in February 2008 and the European Union decided to launch a new civilian crisis management operation, EULEX Kosovo
Landry, Tristan. "L'écriture et la discordance : la représentation de l'autre dans deux récits historiques serbe et croate." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26222.
Full textMotta, Bárbara Vasconcellos de Carvalho. "War is peace : the US security discursive practices after the Cold War /." Marília, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157464.
Full textBanca: Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo
Banca: Carlos Gustavo Poggio Teixeira
Banca: Thiago Moreira de Souza Rodrigues
Banca: Stefano Guzzini
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: Como uma estrutura geral, o objetivo mais amplo desta tese é contribuir para o aprofundamento do debate em Relações Internacionais acerca da interconexão entre identidade e resultados políticos. Mais do que focar em como as articulações de uma identidade são realizadas por agentes específicos, esta tese está interessada em avançar o argumento de que a identidade "faz" alguma coisa e, portanto, tem através das práticas discursivas a capaacidade do que chamei de 'causalidadena- constituição'. Dessa forma, proponho a elaboração de um modelo para avaliar como os dispositivos de uma identidades podem ser mobilizados em contextos políticos, mais especificamente nos processos de tomada de decisão de política externa dos EUA. Neste sentido, através da avaliação dos casos empíricos da contrução das narrativas nos EUA para (des)legitimar as intervenções no Kosovo (1998/1999), a Guerra do Golfo (1999/1991), Afeganistão (2001) e Iraque (2003), apesar da intenção geral de desenvolver uma visão mais ampla do debate sobre política externa dos EUA após a Guerra Fria, esta tese também visa avaliar a força representacional da identidade como fonte de ordem para o âmbito nacional e propor um gradiente, de momentos de menor a maior insegurança ontológica, através dos quais pode-se visualizar a capacidade dos pontos de ancoragem da identidade para 'reassentar' a identidade e colocá-la de volta no lugar.
Abstract: As a general framework, the overall objective of this thesis is to further develop the interconnection between identity and political outcomes. More than focus on how articulations of identity are performed by specific agents, this thesis is interested in advance the argument that identity 'does' something and, therefore, has through discursive practices what I called a causality-in-constitution capacity. First, I propose a model to evaluate how identities' dispositions can be deployed in political contexts, more specifically in US foreign policy decision-making processes. In this sense, through the evaluation of the empirical cases of US narratives to legitimate the interventions in Kosovo (1998/1999), the Gulf War (1999/1991), Afghanistan (2001) and Iraq (2003), despite the general intention of this thesis to develop a bigger picture of the US foreign policy debate after the Cold War, it also aims at evaluating the representational force of identity as a source of national order and propose a gradient, from moments from less to more ontological insecurity, through which one can visualize identity's anchor points capacity to ground identity and put it back in place.
Resumen: Como una estructura general, el objetivo más amplio de esta tesis es contribuir a la profundización del debate en Relaciones Internacionales acerca de la interconexión entre identidad y resultados políticos. Más que enfocar en cómo las articulaciones de una identidad son realizadas por agentes específicos, esta tesis está interesada en avanzar el argumento de que la identidad "hace" algo y, por lo tanto, tiene a través de las prácticas discursivas la capa de lo que llamé de ' causalidad la constitución'. De esta forma, propongo la elaboración de un modelo para evaluar cómo los dispositivos de una identidad pueden movilizarse en contextos políticos, más específicamente en los procesos de toma de decisiones de política exterior de los Estados Unidos. En este sentido, a través de la evaluación de los casos empíricos de la construcción de las narrativas en los Estados Unidos para (des) legitimar las intervenciones en Kosovo (1998/1999), la Guerra del Golfo (1999/1991), Afganistán (2001) e Irak (2003), a pesar de la intención general de desarrollar una visión más amplia del debate sobre política exterior de los EE.UU. después de la Guerra Fría, esta tesis también pretende evaluar la fuerza representacional de la identidad como fuente de orden para el ámbito nacional y proponer un gradiente, de momentos de menor a mayor inseguridad ontológica, a través de los cuales se puede visualizar la capacidad de los puntos de anclaje de la identidad para 'reasentar' la identidad y colocarla d... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
Doutor
Culaj, Gjon. "La création d’une nouvelle nation au XXIème siècle : l’exemple du Kosovo de 1974 à 2008, au lendemain de l’éclatement de la Yougoslavie." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020074.
Full textMany people believe that the dissolution of Yugoslavia begins and ends in Kosovo. This is a logical continuation of the Yugoslav breakup a fragile federation composed of various nationalities. Autonomous province under the Tito’s era of 1974 - 1989, Kosovo had similar powers to a republic. Milosevic 's regime abolished Kosovo’s autonomy triggering violence and tensions. Faced with constant violations of their human rights, Kosovo Albanians opted for a peaceful resistance, all by boycotting Serbian and Yugoslav institutions. They managed to create a real parallel society, a kind of State in the State. The Yugoslav wars initiated the creation of new States, it is a process of redefining of the national identities of the former Yugoslavia which connects several conceptions of nation and citizenship. There are good reasons to belive that the birth of Kosovo State can cause the creation of a new nation, however, the creation of this nation requires a shared awareness and favorable political circumstances. This thesis aims to argue the causes of the violent collapse of the former Yugoslavia and to learn of a turbulent and sometimes tragic accession of Kosovo to independence and also to analyze the challenge and difficulties for a composite and fragmented society, to access in the 21st century to national sovereignty. This research showed that the main cause of the violent collapse of the former Yugoslavia was the Serbian national program that sought to create a Greater Serbia and that Kosovo's independence after the disintegration of Yougoslavia was the only possible solution that could ensure peace and stability in the region
Usall, i. Santa Ramon. "KOSOVA. Gènesi i evolució del moviment nacional albanès, de l'autonomia iugoslava a l'estat kosovar independent." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8223.
Full textEl territori de Kosova ha estat, especialment al llarg del segle XX, una zona en disputa permanent entre dues sobiranies, la sèrbia i l'albanesa. Des de la seva integració al regne dels eslaus del Sud, el precedent del regne de Iugoslàvia, la població albanesa de Kosova visqué, fins a la fi del conflicte bèl·lic de 1999, sota dominació sèrbia, exceptuant un breu període durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, i l'ocupació nazi i feixista dels Balcans que, paradoxalment, propicià la unificació del territori de Kosova a l'Albània ocupada per les tropes de Mussolini.
Kosova ha estat, doncs, un territori en disputa entre dos moviments nacionalistes que han construït bona part del seu discurs en base a la reivindicació d'aquest territori.
La història del moviment nacional albanès de Kosova que centra aquest treball és una història d'èxit, que ha conduit aquest territori a esdevenir un estat independent, una situació difícilment imaginable en el moment de la gènesi d'aquest mateix moviment.
Un dels objectius principals de la present tesi doctoral és analitzar la gènesi i la posterior evolució del moviment nacionalista albanès a Kosova arribant fins al moment històric en el qual aquest moviment assoleix la fita de proclamar l'estat kosovar. Aquest moviment té les seves arrels en la Lliga de Prizren, constituïda el 1878, esdevenint la primera expressió organitzada del nacionalisme albanès, aleshores amb l'objectiu de desfer-se del jou otomà i construir l'estat independent d'Albània. L'establiment d'una Albània independent, el 1912, que deixà bona part dels albanesos fora de les fronteres del nou estat, propicià el sorgiment d'un nou nacionalisme albanès perifèric, amb epicentre a Kosova, que reclamava la integració dels territoris poblats majoritàriament per albanesos al recentment creat estat d'Albània.
La tesi doctoral Kosova. Gènesi i evolució del moviment nacional albanès, de l'autonomia iugoslava a l'estat kosovar independent té com a objectiu fonamental analitzar el naixement i l'evolució del nacionalisme albanokosovar dins de la Iugoslàvia socialista i federal i explicar les causes que acaben conduint aquest moviment nacional a la proclamació d'un estat independent, una fita que culmina bona part de les seves aspiracions.
La tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio del nacionalismo albanés en el territorio de Kosova con el objetivo de analizar sus orígenes y su posterior evolución a lo largo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y el inicio del XXI hasta la proclamación, en 2008, del estado kosovar independiente, un hecho que culmina una etapa de la evolución reciente de la historia de Kosova de forma exitosa para los intereses de su movimiento nacional.
El territorio de Kosova ha sido, especialmente durante el siglo XX, una zona en permanente disputa entre dos soberanías, la serbia y la albanesa. Des de su integración en el reino de los eslavos del Sur, el precedente del reino de Yugoslavia, la población albanesa de Kosova vivió, hasta el conflicto bélico de 1999, bajo dominación serbia, a excepción de un breve período durante la II Guerra Mundial y la ocupación nazi y fascista de los Balcanes que, paradójicamente, propició la unificación del territorio de Kosova a la Albania ocupada por Mussolini. Kosova ha sido, pues, un territorio en disputa entre dos movimientos nacionalistas que han construido su discurso en base a la reivindicación de este territorio.
La historia del movimiento nacional albanés de Kosova que centra este trabajo es una historia de éxito, que ha conducido a esta región a convertirse en un estado independiente, una situación difícilmente imaginable en el momento de la génesis de este mismo movimiento.
Uno de los objetivos principales de la presente tesis doctoral es analizar el nacimiento y la posterior evolución del movimiento nacionalista albanés en Kosova hasta el momento histórico en el que este movimiento consigue el objetivo de proclamar el estado kosovar. Este movimiento tiene sus raíces en la Liga de Prizren, creada en 1878, la primera expresión organizada del nacionalismo albanés partidaria de deshacerse del yugo otomano y de construir el estado independiente de Albania. El establecimiento de una Albania independiente, en 1912, que dejó buena parte de los albaneses fuera de las fronteras del nuevo estado, propició el nacimiento de un nuevo nacionalismo albanés periférico, con epicentro en Kosova, que reclamaba la integración de los territorios mayoritariamente poblados por albaneses en el recientemente creado estado de Albania.
La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar el nacimiento y la evolución del nacionalismo albanokosovar dentro de la Yugoslavia socialista y federal y explicar las causas que acaban conduciendo a este movimiento a la proclamación de un estado independiente culminando así parte de sus aspiraciones históricas.
The thesis focuses on the study of Albanian nationalism in Kosovo with the aim of analyzing their origins and their subsequent evolution during the second half of the twentieth century until the start of the twenty-first century and the proclamation, in 2008, of an independent Kosovar state, culminating a period of recent developments in the history of Kosova so successful for the interests of their national movement.
The territory of Kosova has been, especially during the twentieth century, an area in constant dispute between two sovereignties, the Serbian and the Albanian. Since its integration into the Kingdom of the South Slavs, the precedent of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Albanians of Kosova lived, until the end of the war of 1999, under Serbian domination, except for a brief period during World War II and Nazi-fascist occupation of the Balkans that, paradoxically, unified Kosova and Albania. Kosova has been a disputed territory between two nationalist movements that have built much of his speech on the basis of the claim of that territory.
The history of the Kosova Albanian national movement focused in this work is a success story that has led this country to become an independent state, a situation hardly imaginable at the time of the genesis of the movement.
A major focus of this thesis is to study the genesis and subsequent evolution of the Albanian nationalist movement in Kosova till the historic moment when this movement proclaims the independent state of Kosova. This movement has its roots in the League of Prizren, founded in 1878, becoming the first organized expression of Albanian nationalism, then with the aim of getting rid of the Ottoman yoke and building the independent state of Albania. The establishment of an independent Albania, in 1912, which left much of Albanians outside the borders of the new state, favoured the emergence of a new peripheral Albanian nationalism, with its epicentre in Kosova, which called for the integration of territories populated mainly by Albanians to the newly created state of Albania.
The thesis has the objective of analyze the birth and evolution of Kosovar Albanian nationalism in the socialist federal Yugoslavia and explain the reasons that drove this national movement to the proclamation of an independent state, a goal that ends much of their aspirations.
La thèse se concentre sur l'étude du nationalisme albanais au Kosova dans le but d'analyser leurs origines et leur évolution ultérieure au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle jusqu'au début du XXIe siècle avec la proclamation, en 2008, d'un état kosovar indépendant, une étape qui met la fin à une période de l'évolution récente dans l'histoire du Kosova avec un grand succès pour son mouvement national albanais.
Le territoire du Kosovo a été, en particulier au cours du XXe siècle, une zone en litige constant entre deux souverainetés, la serbe et l'albanaise. Depuis son intégration dans le Royaume des Slaves du Sud, le précédent du Royaume de Yougoslavie, les Albanais du Kosova ont vécu, jusqu'à la fin de la guerre de 1999, sous la domination serbe, sauf pour une brève période au cours de la IIe Guerre Mondiale et l'occupation nazie-fasciste des Balkans qui, paradoxalement, a favorisée l'unification du territoire du Kosova à l'Albanie occupée par les troupes de Mussolini. Le Kosova a, donc, été un territoire contesté entre les deux mouvements nationalistes qui ont construit l'essentiel de son discours sur la base de la revendication de ce territoire.
L'histoire du mouvement national albanais du Kosova, que ce travail analyse, est une histoire réussite qui a conduit ce pays à devenir un état indépendant, une situation difficilement imaginable au moment de la genèse de ce mouvement.
Un des principaux objectifs de cette thèse est d'étudier la genèse et l'évolution ultérieure du mouvement nationaliste albanais du Kosova jusqu'au moment historique dans lequel ce mouvement réussit le but de proclamer l'état kosovar. Ce mouvement a ses racines dans la Ligue de Prizren, fondée en 1878, devenant ainsi la première expression organisée du nationalisme albanais avec le but de se débarrasser du joug ottoman et construire l'état indépendant d'Albanie. La création d'une Albanie indépendante, en 1912, qui laisse beaucoup d'Albanais en dehors des frontières du nouvel état, a favorisé l'émergence d'un nouveau nationalisme albanais périphérique, avec son épicentre au Kosova, qui a appelé à l'intégration des territoires peuplés principalement par des Albanais au nouvel état d'Albanie.
La thèse à, donc, pour objectif analyser la naissance et l'évolution du nationalisme albanais du Kosova dans la Yougoslavie fédérale et socialiste et expliquer les raisons qui ont conduit ce mouvement national à la proclamation d'un état indépendant, un objectif qui met la fin à la plupart de ses aspirations.
Sulejmanovic, Selma. "Russia And The Kosovo Conflict: 1998-2008." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609472/index.pdf.
Full texts foreign policy toward Kosovo resembles the Cold War confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. This thesis argues that Russia&rsquo
s role in the Kosovo war and its aftermath is motivated by Russia&rsquo
s interest in being seen as a great power in international system rather than using Kosovo in order to confront the United States. Besides an introduction and conclusion, the thesis consists of four main chapters. The second chapter presents historical background and discusses Russian foreign policy during the wars of secession in Yugoslavia. The third chapter focuses on Russian foreign policy and the 1998 &ndash
1999 war in Kosovo, while the fourth chapter covers the Russian role in the post-conflict settlement in Kosovo. Finally, the fifth chapter deals with Russian foreign policy as it relates to the resolved Kosovo situation.
Peres, Andréa Carolina Schvartz. "Enviado especial a... : uma analise antropologica da cobertura da imprensa brasileira das guerras na ex-Iugoslavia (anos 90)." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279147.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A desagregação da antiga República Federativa da Iugoslávia e as quatro guerras que então se sucederam - as guerras na Eslovênia, na Croácia, na Bósnia-Herzegóvina e no Kosovo - foram objeto da mídia em todo o mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Nesta dissertação, analiso a cobertura dessas guerras pela imprensa escrita brasileira, particularmente a realizada pelos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo, tendo em vista algumas hipóteses iniciais de pesquisa: (a) há uma mudança significativa na abordagem dos conflitos do período da guerra fria para o período seguinte, pós-guerra fria, que abandona progressivamente um vocabulário predominantemente "estratégico" por um crescentemente "culturalista"; (b) a imprensa passa a enfatizar supostas diferenças ontológicas entre as populações em conflito, afirma a existência de nós x eles, e aponta para uma crescente naturalização e apolitização dos conflitos; (c) a imprensa atualiza uma tradição discursiva de representação dos Bálcãs. Para tanto, procurei compreender o modo como funcionam os jornais, como se dá a produção da notícia e como trabalham os jornalistas, particularmente, os enviados especiais brasileiros que foram à ex Iugoslávia fazer a cobertura. Ao longo da pesquisa, constatei a existência de um discurso sobre as guerras na ex-Iugoslávia recorrente na imprensa. Uma etnografia da imprensa - a leitura sistemática dos principais jornais, a compreensão da dinâmica do jornalismo internacional, a realização de entrevistas com os enviados especiais às diferentes guerras na ex-Iugoslávia - acabou não apenas por confirmar parte das hipóteses esboçadas como demonstrar uma série de aproximações e distanciamentos entre o jornalismo e a própria antropologia, quer no que diz respeito ao uso de determinados conceitos, quer, sobretudo, na forma como imprensa acaba por reproduzir determinadas categorias constitutivas da alteridade
Abstract: The disruption of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the four following wars in Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Kosovo, were on the news worldwide including Brazil. In this dissertation, the written press coverage of these wars in Brazil is analyzed, particularly the coverage by the Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo newspapers, based on some initial hypotheses: (a) there is a significant change on the approaches of these conflicts from cold war period to the next period, post-cold war, which abandons progressively a strategic vocabulary, for an increasing culturalistic one; (b) the press starts to emphasize supposed ontological differences among the populations in the conflicts, ratifies an existence of an We versus Them, and indicates an increasing naturalization and apoliticization of the conflicts; (c) the press updates a discursive tradition of representation of the BaIkans. For that, I tried to understand the way the written press works, how the news are produced and how the journalists operate, particularly, the Brazilian correspondents that visited the former Yugoslavia to cover the war. Throughout the research, I noticed the existence of a recurring rhetoric in the press about this wars. An ethnography of the written press - a systematic reading of the main local newspapers, an understanding of the international journalism dynamics, and the interviewing of Brazilian correspondents sent to these different wars - not only ended up confirming part of the hypothesis presented before, but also demonstrating similarities and differences between the journalism and the anthropology itself: some of them related to the use of certain concepts, and others, moreover, related to the way the press reproduces certain categories of alterity
Mestrado
Mestre em Antropologia Social
Minassian, Gaïdz Demaldent Jean-Marie. "Guerre et terrorisme arméniens, 1972-1998 /." Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389026036.
Full textBibliogr. p. 275-290.
Kostovicova, Denisa. "The politics of identity and space : Albanian-language education in Kosovo, 1992-1998." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620201.
Full textCarbonne-Blanqui, Régina-Marciale. "La Représentation des conflits chez Ahmadou Kourouma et Alain Mabanckou (1998-2004)." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/09CERG0413.pdf.
Full textFrom the standpoint of the representation of conflicts, the themes and social criticism enabled to show that the four novels studied, Allah n’est pas obligé, Quand on refuse on dit non by Ahmadou Kourouma, Bleu Blanc Rouge and Les petits-fils nègres de Vercingetorix by Alain Mabanckou are energized by the scene of the conflict. The two authors, who seem to be linked only by membership to the same continent and language community, show an interaction between their fictions and societies of reference. The analysis of the subject is stratified into three parts, each of which is divided into two chapters. The first part introduces the social foundations, the family and the immediate society, as these two are disturbed and lead people to seek alternative realities. The second part develops around a period going from colonization to tribal and civil wars. It highlights the English and French colonization, the independence years that signal the advent of the dictatorships and democracies that favoured the exaltation of ethnicity in the various countries Liberia, Sierra Leone, Congo-Brazzaville and Ivory Coast. The novelists are inspired by social realities that they show as evocative signs of mimesis. The third part focuses on the conflict figures, narrative or real, that engage the authors. These figures are part of a writing versatility as they offer an alternative approach to reading the works. These are convened by the socio-historical and axiological transformations and tribulations which have brought about the conflicts. In fact, the renewal or the transcription of the social facts are generated by a new doxa that founds a mimetic sociality in the texts. Thus, the narratives show actors exercising violence and others suffering it. Henceforth, the fabulous work becomes the memory of these facts and can no longer be written without the trace of the conflict
Thollot, Lydie. "Contributions des études de genre à la polémologie : Étude des origines polémogènes de la systématisation du recours aux violences sexo-spécifiques en temps de guerre. Kosovo, 1981-2015." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3003/document.
Full textBetween 1998 and 1999, more than 20 000 Albanian women were sexually assaulted by Serbian forces in Kosovo. Far from being a singular event, the war’s rape should not constitute a historical obviousness. At least, it is in this perspective that we chose to study it: like a nonobvious phenomenon, which origins raise questions. This interrogation led us to consider the survivor’s silence as evidence: it echoes a global regime of political discourse about sexuality. The discursive censorship about sex reveals the flaws of patriarchy. In its way of defining women as sexual minorities, it participates integrally to their insecurity. It appears that sexuality participates to the construction of identities, and their security. Through gender, it limits the field of possibilities of each, and conduct women to become sexual targets during armed conflict. Sexuality, identity and (in)security are linked : these are political issues part of subordination logics that war exacerbates. So, it springs from our intellectual approach, which claims to be feminist, that the origins of strategic appeal of GBV are polemogenous, i.e., as philosopher and -polemologist J. Freund defined this term: sources of conflicts. Our theoretical approach borrows from feminism (materialist, postcolonial and queer) and from polemology (from G. Bouthoul to J. Freund) the conceptual bases from which we try to build a feminist science of war. Putting in light the contributions of gender studies to the sociology of conflict, we developed a methodology suited to these problematics. It led us to make a critical ethnography of corporal and discursive practices from which the construction of the Albanian women’s insecurity was done in the Albanian community in Kosovo, and the construction of the Albanian threat was achieved in the Serbian point of view in the nationalist discourse. Inside this dialectic between the Albanian and the Serbian perceptions emerged the intersectional restriction of Albanian women’s field of possibilities. From there, we re-problematized the survivor’s mutism to underline the issues it embodies in the post-conflict Kosovar society
Tomić, Duško. "Položaj SPC u konfliktu na Kosovu i Metohiji." Beograd : Zadužbina Andrejević, 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/174211413.html.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 71-75) and index.
Kellermann, Beate. "Das Kosovo zwischen Standard und Status - vom bewaffneten Konflikt in die unsichere Demokratie /." Stuttgart Ibidem-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2858445&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textAmro-Maini, Fatma-Zohra. "Le conflit érythréen." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100175.
Full textEthiopians and Eritreans haven’t been fighting for more than a quarter of century. The former have been claiming for independence of Eritrea. The latter have always wanted it to stay within Ethiopia. Though this conflict has often been regarded as a mere problem of secession, it's much more complex than that. It originates in the 1952 decision of the United Nations that federated Eritrea with Ethiopia and which led the mere annexation of the former by the latter. Ever since Eritrea’s resistance has taken arms to demand the right for self-determination. But Ethiopia refused that because Eritrea is her only access to the sea. She asked for one super power's help after the other in order to keep Eritrea under her influence. Americans and soviets did not hesitate to step in that strategical region following their own interests. With such an international dimension, Eritrean conflict was far from being ignored by the Arabs neighbors for different reasons. But neither all these indirect or direct interventions nor the military solution advocated by Addis-Abeba have succeeded in solving this conflict
Marques, Ivan Contente. "Intervenções humanitarias : aspectos politicos, morais e juridicos de um conceito em (trans)formação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281494.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho se propõe a estudar os debates acerca das intervenções humanitárias e sua relação com os conceitos de legalidade e legitimidade nas relações internacionais. Para isso, partiremos do início desta discussão que ocorreu antes da formação e da consolidação dos Estados nacionais e o fortalecimento do princípio da soberania, e passaremos pelos impactos causados pela nova ordem jurídica internacional criada pela Organização das Nações Unidas. Isso trará subsídios para a análise da situação do combate às crises humanitárias nos anos 1990 sob a ótica da intervenção. Como exemplo da atuação do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, investigaremos dois casos emblemáticos de intervenções humanitárias deste período: o genocídio de Ruanda, em 1994, e os ataques da OTAN no Kosovo, em 1999. Dessa forma, levantaremos o entendimento atual sobre o tema, demonstrando o dilema entre o dever moral de salvar vidas em risco e o impedimento legal de fazê-lo dado o sistema jurídico internacional vigente. Por fim, apresentaremos a teoria ¿Responsabilidade de Proteger¿ que tem a pretensão de dar respostas ao problema da aceitação das intervenções humanitárias como prática legítima nas relações internacionais
Abstract: This work proposes to study the debates on humanitarian intervention and its relation with concepts of validity and legitimacy on international relations. For that, it will start from the beginning of this discussion which occurred before the constitution and consolidation of national states and the strengthen of the sovereignty principle, and goes through the impacts caused by the new international legal order created by the United Nations. This will support the analysis of the humanitarian crisis in the 90's under the optic of intervention. As an example of the United Nations Security Council performance, it will investigate two emblematic cases of humanitarian intervention of the period: Rwanda's genocide, in 1994, and NATO¿s air strikes on Kosovo, in 1999. From this perspective, it will rise the present understanding on this issue, bringing up the dilemma between the moral duty of saving lives jeopardized by the scourge of war and the legal bar of doing it considering the international legal system in vigor. At last, it will present the ¿responsibility to protect¿ theory which intends to provide solutions to the problem of acceptance of humanitarian intervention as a legitimate practice on international relations
Mestrado
Instituições, Processos e Atores
Guébou, Florent. "Analyse des problèmes de sécurité du travail dans un pays en voie de développement : le cas du Congo." Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20005.
Full textThis research aimed at analyzing the issue of security at work in the Congolese firms. Facing the difficulties we came up against, we were led to make choices concerning our methodology and our starting processes. We eventually came to a choice of five research ways. The methodology we adopted consisted in a pre-survey and a survey through questionnaires that were given out to five hundred workers: only four hundred and twenty questionnaires were given back and exploited. Considering the limits of our study, of this methodology, of the results that came of it, we find it necessary to consider this study as somewhat exploratory and, therefore, to take out both its practical and theoretical implications
Shtembari, Arber. "Après la guerre : Mobilisations et luttes pour la reconnaissance. Contribution à une analyse sociohistorique de la construction de l'Etat au Kosovo (1945-2012)." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0057.
Full textThis thesis examines jointly, the mobilizations and the classification struggles of the post-war groups in Kosovo after 1999, focusing on the access procedures toward their legal and legitimate recognition. It also analyzes the State formation process in Kosovo and the production of its symbolic forms of consecration. Two main contributions of this work are: First, it highlights a number of issues on post-war groups formation, identification, lifestyles and definition (civils victims, war veterans, war prisoners, families of missing persons, etc.) needing reflection and it questions the conventional wisdom. Second, it examines the complex relationships between the symbolic domination work of the State in Kosovo and the struggles of post-war groups in freeing from their social condition
Masuch, Christian-Albrecht. "Die rechtswissenschaftliche Diskussion der Kosovo-Intervention als Beispiel eines unterschiedlichen Völkerrechtsverständnisses der USA und Kontinentaleuropas /." Berlin : Logos-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2850257&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Full textHenriksen, Dag. "Operation Allied Force : a product of military theory or political pragmatism? : an examination of the role of air power in handling the Kosovo crisis, 1998-99." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439094.
Full textLoomis, Andrew Joseph. "Leveraging legitimacy in securing U.S. leadership normative dimensions of hegemonic authority /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436297268/viewonline.
Full textHébert, Alexandra. "Le New York Times et les débuts de la guerre froide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/MQ31734.pdf.
Full textMasse, Johanna. "Femmes de/en guerre : voi(es)x de l’engagement féminin face à la violence armée dans le nord de l’Irlande (1968-1998) et en Palestine (1967-2000)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69527.
Full textWhen it comes to political violence, the way in which women are represented very often betrays problematic, essentialist gendered representations. The idea that women, because of their reproductive capacities, are naturally opposed to violence and inherently peaceful has long prevailed. Unlike men, for whom the use of violence for political purposes has been widely accepted as rational, women are often depoliticized in the event of violent action. This depoliticization of actions then passes either by a privatization of the field of action (from the public sphere to the private sphere), or by a disempowerment of the author of the action (pathologization of the personality and thus of the causes). Even today, this biological justification persists, consciously or unconsciously, tending not only to favor an invisibilization of the political dimension of women's action, but more specifically an invisibilization of female political violence. This is characterized by an almost automatic assimilation of women to the category of "victims." This is particularly the case in situations of armed conflict where this invisibilization is reinforced by what is perceived as a very minor participation of women. Based on the case studies of the Northern Irish (1968-1998) and Palestinian (1967-2000) conflicts, the objective of this thesis is to question this representation of female participation by analyzing the multiple ways in which it has been expressed, in space and in time. Thus, borrowing a symbolic interactionist approach in an interpretive orientation of social reality, we are interested in women's political engagement during armed conflict through the methodology of life stories. More specifically, based on interviews with women who have - directly or indirectly - experienced the conflict, as well as autobiographical testimonies collected in the literature, we have analyzed the processes of politicization and female trajectories during these conflicts. We have done so both through their spatial and temporal dimensions. Thus, it is firstly from the spaces of the house and the street, allowing us to question the traditional dichotomy between private sphere and public sphere, then from the space of the prison, as a closed institution, that we apprehended the female commitment in its spatial dimension. Then, using the notion of biographical availabilities and the concepts of repertoire of actions and political opportunity, we examined women's commitment in its temporal dimension. Together, the two dimensions allow us to put forward the agential capacity of women in times of armed conflict, which is expressed in a complex and entangled manner.
Duroch, Françoise. "Résistances et appropriations institutionnelles des Organisations Non Gouvernementales autour de la notion de victimes de violences sexuelles : le cas de Médecins Sans Frontières en République Démocratique du Congo." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/duroch_f.
Full textThis work offers to analyse the learning process of the humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontière (Doctors without borders / MSF) around the notions of victims of sexual violence. The first part is dedicated to a conceptual and critical essay on the concepts of rape victims, in particular in the field of social sciences, as well as to an introduction to the history of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The second part of the study presents a qualitative study of one MSF's most important intervention in Eastern DRC in favour of victims of sexual violence. The medical anamnesis of 2695 patients received by the organisation were studied in order to understand the phenomenon of massive rapes in this region; semi-directive interviews have also been conducted with volunteers and managers of the organization participating to the development of this type of operations. The last section describes the elements which have led MSF to consider the phenomenon of sexual violence in its fields of interventions, as well as the organization's appropriation and resistance processes vis-à-vis these issues. The organisational learning dynamics seems to have been made possible by a set of key events: conflicts, HIV-Aids pandemics, favourable institutional environment, and scandals in the media. Resistances develop around social representations of the victim, as well as ethical and technical stakes. In these processes should appear some forms of mediation, some conveyors of meaning, pedagogues of the otherness, which could contribute to bringing significance to action-taking around phenomena sometimes located in the spheres of the unspeakable
Ferras, Patrick. "Les forces de Défense Nationale éthiopiennes : un instrument de puissance régionale au service du pouvoir civil fédéral." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083421.
Full textQuinton, Laurent. "Une littérature qui ne passe pas : récits de captivité des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1940-1953)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194520.
Full textEntre 1940 et 1953, pas moins de 188 récits — témoignages, journaux, romans — furent publiés, qui constituent un corpus riche qui n'a pas été étudié jusqu'à présent. Cette thèse de doctorat entreprend de démêler, à travers l'étude du contexte littéraire et politique de l'époque, les différents enjeux qui gravitent autour de ces récits.
Yusifov, Shahin. "La Turquie dans la politique de l'Azerbaïdjan en 1992-1998 : aspects politique, institutionnel et sécuritaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG011.
Full textThe collapse of the USSR at the end of the twentieth century has been followed by the creation of fifteen new independent States in the large Eurasian territory. Such is the case of Azerbaijan, which has declared its independence in 1991. Thanks to its geographical position and energy resources (oil and gas) Azerbaijan occupies a geopolitically strategic position and is subject to a geopolitical « game », which implies both regional (Turkey) and great world powers (such as the US, EU and Russia). Consequently, Azerbaijan has adopted a multi-vector foreign policy with its neighbors. Among its neighbors, Turkey, sharing a common history, language, religion and traditions has an important place in the foreign policy of Azerbaijan. In terms of the geopolitical « game », this thesis analyses the relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey. It is based on three axes, as these are the main pillars of bilateral relations between both states. These are political, institutional (commercial) and strategic (security)
Pérez, Amín. "Rendre le social plus politique : guerre coloniale, immigration et pratiques sociologiques d'Abdelmalek Sayad et de Pierre Bourdieu." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0032.
Full textWhat is the purpose of sociology and under what conditions can it be practical? These are the questions posed by Pierre Bourdieu and Abdelmalek Sayad in a colonial situation and that this thesis aims to restore. The first part of this thesis follows step by step the work of both ethnographers in training in the context of the independence war of Algeria and at the time of the institutionalization of sociology as a discipline. The analysis of their personal archives, faced with a series of interviews and a bibliometric study of the reception of their works, reflects the social genesis of a critical sociology, out of the political and epistemological debates of the time, and reveals the needs and constraints of a sociological approach making a way to politics. In the second part, we are interested in the becoming of Sayad a sociologist of migrations, and implicated in intellectual, administrative and militant circles. This part suives to contribute to the study of the dominated working for another possible in the field of the dominant, even considering intellectual consecration in places other than the academie world. The biographical analysis and the modes of engagement of Pierre Bourdieu and Abdelmalek Sayad is a contribution to the real possibilities of being a committed sociologist. At the crossroads of a socio-history of colonial and migration issues, of an ethnography of intellectual practices and a history of social science, this thesis renders emprically the inextricably political and scientific sense of sociological practice
Ahamed, Saïd Abass. "Démocratiser en temps de guerre : l’intervention des Nations Unies et de l’Union européenne dans la transition congolaise 1996-2006." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010355.
Full textThe international intervention by the United Nations and the European Union in favor of democratic transitions in countries affected by war has known in the Democratic Repub1ic of the Congo (DRC) of new trends. These international institutions have mobi1ized enormous resources with a view to sit of democratic practices and institutions in a po1itical space caracterized by violence and instability. The stakes of power between the United Nations and the European Union, the divergence of agendas between person al strategy and collective interest have rendered difficult any coordination essentia1 to the success of this kind of enterprise. This thesis is given as objective to ana1yze the too1s and modalities of international intervention in a country whose major characteristic remains the existence of a continuum of violence and of embryonic infrastructure. The project of democratization remains by essence an unfinished project that shou1d be continuous1y refined; however, the global time of the democratization by expeditionary projects seems gone. To the extend the international intervention for democracy in Africa remains a reality
Quénard, Christelle. "Les fonctions cognitives de contrôle chez les personnes civiles traumatisées de la guerre du Congo." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30025/document.
Full textThe traumatized civil persons (PTSD) of the Congo War bring back numerous interventions of thoughts by images and scenes of the lived events. These interventions bring an important clinical suffering. They make relive the trauma permanently without any cognitive control is apparently possible. In our work of thesis we support the idea that these interventions are the consequences of a deep modification of the processes cognitive of control at the civil persons traumatized by the Congo War. More particularly, we suppose that the process susceptible to be involved (to be in question) in the absence of control over the images and the thoughts would be a deficit of the mechanism of cognitive inhibition. To put our hypothesis in the test we built various tasks consisted for each of a material with "neutral" valency and a material with "traumatic, negative" valency. These tasks are recognized to measure the capacities of cognitive control. It is about the task of Stroop (Stroop, 1935), of the task of directed Forgetting (Bjork, Bjork, & Anderson, 1996), of a material stemming of paradigm DRM (Deese, 1959; Roediger, & McDermott, 1995) and R/K (Tulving, 1985) and finally a memory–slip test (Jacoby, 1991; Hay, & Jacoby, 1996, 1999; Guerdoux, 2009). These tasks were administered to a first population of civil persons traumatized by the Congo War in comparison to a population of persons of the Burkina Faso not traumatized. Our results invalidated our hypotheses as for the existence of a deficit of inhibition in particular in the presence of an emotional verbal material in connection with the lived traumatic events. The results of our studies militate for a hypercontrol and a hyperinhibition of any material in connection with the trauma. That is why we try to explain this hypercontrol as the sign of an emotional expulsion such as defined by Freud (1926) or the sign of a psychic dissociation defined by Janet (1986, 1987)
Rio, Gaëlle. "Le musée national de la Marine : histoire d'une institution et de ses collections (1748-1998)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL178.
Full textOne of the major national museums, The Marine Museum is the oldest museum of maritime history in France, whose origins date back to the mid-eighteenth century. Founded from the collection of boat models given to king Louis XV by the Academician Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau in 1748, the Dauphin Museum (as it was called) opened in the Louvre in 1827 under the reign of Charles X ; primarily intended for teaching purposes to the construction engineers of the Navy. The monographic and institutioal approach highlights three major moments in the history of this museum : the slow genesis of the naval museum (1748-1827) in the context of the Enlightenment and of the development of scientific and technical culture ; the long period of the naval museum at the Louvre Palace (1827-1939), during which the identity of the institution is based on technical and ethnographic collections for educational purposes ; the transfer of the museum to the Palais de Chaillot and its expansion in the 20th century with the modernization of the Paris site, the extension of its collections to the five Navies and the creation of a network of port museums (1939-1971). Having become a public administrative institution in 1971, the National Marine Museum was transformed at the end of the 20th century into the great maritime museum of the 21st century, as it is now. This study seeks to identify the social, cultural and ideological issues that led to the creation and the development of this museum, to question the status of its collections, between technique, art and propaganda or communication instrument, and finally, to analyze the broader question of the museum's role in French society, from a place of representation of power to a space in the service of the public
Jeangène, Vilmer Jean-Baptiste. "Au nom de l'humanité? : histoire, droit, éthique et politique de l'intervention militaire justifiée par des raisons humanitaires." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4242.
Full textMilitary intervention justified on humanitarian grounds is a constant of the international order, designated by different names: “intervention d’humanité” in the nineteenth century, humanitarian intervention in the English-speaking tradition, “droit” or “devoir d’ingérence” in France, responsibility to protect the last few years. The aim of this interdisciplinary dissertation is to understand this complex phenomenon in all its dimensions - historical, legal, ethical and political - and develop a realistic theory of intervention by the analysis of five criteria: just cause, legitimate authority, right intention, last resort and proportionality. We show that realism is not an amoral conception of foreign policy but an epistemological commitment to analyze international relations as they are rather than as we would like them to be. That so-called humanitarian intervention is not, contrary to a widespread prejudice, a recent phenomenon, or even inherited from the nineteenth century. We can trace its genealogy in several millennia in many cultures. That none of the terminology used is satisfactory. That one must abandon the criterion of good intention because the intervening state is not, cannot and should not be disinterested. That it is possible to defend a minimal interventionism, in some cases and under certain conditions, while assuming the lack of disinterestedness, the selectivity of interventions, the risk of abuse and the uncertainty of the result.
Réalisé en cotutelle avec le Centre de recherches politiques Raymond Aron de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) de Paris, pour un doctorat en études politiques.
Mourlon, Fabrice. "L'aide aux victimes du conflit nord-irlandais, 1969-2006." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_mourlon_f.pdf.
Full textAssistance to the victims of the conflict in Northern Ireland has given mixed results. Before being officially acknowledged and support mechanisms were organised for them since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, victims received compensation by the State. They found support among their families and informally-organised groups. The cease-fire of 1994 marked the beginning of a new concern for the human cost of the conflict which claimed almost 4000 lives and maimed 40 000 people and had a psychological impact on many individuals and communities. Acknowledging and assisting those people came from the realisation that the conflict has to be resolved permanently and from fears that violence might erupt again. However, no clearly defined strategy was formulated. A strong volontary sector, encouraged by the first generous round of European funding, was essential in helping formulate and carry out the first provisions for victims. Nonetheless, after ten years of assistance, the victim sector is still concerned about issues of truth about the past, acknowledgement, and divisions. Indeed, the Northern Irish conflict resolution model has tackled psychological and material support seperately from issues related to truth and reconciliation. There no ideal model in the field which theorists are yet to come up with. This in part explains why the British government and the European Union have acted with pragmatism
Giguère, Jean-François. "Des Allemands ordinaire-- dans une Allemagne peu ordinaire : analyse méthodologique et historiographique de Hitler's willing executioners de Daniel Jonah Goldhagen et des débats qui l'entourent." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28473.
Full textAlbertelli, Sébastien. "Les services secrets de la France Libre : le Bureau central de renseignement et d'action (BCRA), 1940-1944." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0037.
Full textFrom 1940 to 1944, the Bureau Central de Renseignement et d’Action (BCRA) was the link between the Free French – in London and Algiers – and those who, in France, committed themselves in the resistance against the occupying forces. This service of a new type was created and managed by André Dewavrin (Passy). Throughout the war, an important and successful part of its activities has been to collaborate with the Intelligence Service to create intelligence networks. In 1941, it started to collaborate with the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in order to create a Secret Army under the orders of general de Gaulle as well as to conceive and to implement destruction plans so that the reaction of the enemy would be delayed when the allied landing happens. After June 1942, the BCRA was also in charge of implementing the political missions that the Commissariat National à l’Intérieur was working out. A service with so wide functions was subject to covetousness and criticisms. It was accused by de Gaulle’s enemies to be a powerful instrument that served the political ambitions of the Free French leader. It is a fact that de Gaulle has always been anxious to keep his control on the BCRA, consequently on action in France. This service served his will to assert French sovereignty towards the Allies and to assert the state authority towards the leaders of resistance organisations in France. Among de Gaulle’s followers, some accused the BCRA to turn into a law under itself. It is a fact that the activities of this service were so important for the success of de Gaulle’s political plans that its leaders could secure themselves an important position in the gaullist state
Maendeleo, Rutakaza Rachel. "L'action internationale dans le maintien, le rétablissement et la consolidation de la paix en République démocratique du Congo de 1998 à 2008." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30001.
Full textIf the explosion of the East/West system marks the end of the idea of global confrontation as model of the war since the end of the second world conflict, we more fundamentally have to wonder about the changes which took place since the 90s as regards the status of the very war and about the role of the peace operations in the international relations. The political crises ensuing from internal conflicts are sources of destabilization and weakening of the local institutions which undergo the tumult and weaken the capacity of the actors to go out of such a political situation. The necessity of strengthening the local capacities during this pivotal period to avoid the recurring crises is translated by the presence of the international community which spreads a multitude of strategies. There is indeed in the grammar of United Nations a continuum in the modes of crises’ management which goes the most reserved forms of the persuasion to certain modalities of coercive diplomacy, implying a use limited by the violence. When we examine the peace operations in RDC, dynamic set tensions and connections, oscillating between order and disorder in its institutional expressions, the report which gets free is that the question of the peace requires an analysis which takes into account several factors. Hence the use of an interdisciplinary approach, involving both critical currents in international relations (critical constructivism) while combining the sociology of international relations. Our study attempts to estimate the relevance and the coherence of the practices and the conducts of the international actors in a better way axiological and ideological outlines of the management of the iterative crises
Moncharmont, Olivier. "Contestations rhétoriques et rivalités normatives à la Conférence du désarmement : Le discours diplomatique de la République populaire de Chine en matière de prévention d’une course aux armements dans l’espace de 1998 à 2009." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20121.
Full textThe People’s Republic of China foreign policy is subject to doxic explanations which, in accordance with a rationalist positivist problem-solving theory, see it as secretly determined by “security interests”. The symbolic world space power rank that China has gained until 2003, behind the United States and Russia, was set out by realist International relations experts as further evidence of Chinese political power ambiguity towards its possible application of military technologies in outer space. The purpose of this research is to put forward a constructivist approach of the Chinese foreign policy related to the Prevention of an arms race in outer space. Primary sources of its position must be identified in order to understand the way the Chinese political power develop it. The Geneva Conference on Disarmament (CD) diplomatic discourse produced by Chinese diplomacy between 1998 and 2009 is the material of the study. The discourse materiality is constituted by working papers and statements through which numerous narratives are produced in order to legitimate norms and to problematize the representations of social reality. Discursive production of international norms shapes an idealized ethos of the political power in People’s Republic of China. Discursive production is also constitutive of coercion and contestation strategies, designed to force the discursive production of the other State members representatives about related negociated issues. Since 1998, these strategies have resulted in the CD deadlock
Lehmann, Marie. "Les écritures de soi dans l'oeuvre de Gregor von Rezzori." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030168/document.
Full textHaving witnessed the major geopolitical events of the first half of the 20th century (the fall of the Habsburg Empire, the Second World War, the Anschluss and the Nuremberg Trials), Rezzori explores the outlines of his own identity through his autobiographical writing. He aims to investigate the conditions that are necessary for asserting an individual voice in a reality characterised by a process of dislocation and disintegration, in which the subject is faced with its own decentralisation and deterritorialisation. Far from wallowing in pessimism, Rezzori confronts the crevices of his self in his autobiographical writing, while at the same time questioning the methods of such writing. In order to embrace the element of negativity that his self comprises, the author bases his autobiographical writing, in both its hypothetical and referential forms, on a unique memorial strategy: that of Epochenverschleppung. This places Rezzori in an anachronistic position without cutting him off from the present as it challenges him to examine past losses critically in the light of the present. By exploring the fissures in his identity in a renewed autobiographical space, Rezzori leaves his own imprint and thereby counteracts the obliterating power of History
Martineau, Jean-Luc. "L'Union européenne et la reconstruction post-conflit de l'Etat : contribution à la formation d'un droit international de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20027.
Full textIn the framework of International Relations, Post Conflict Reconstruction of the State is a major and actual stake. European Union under the auspices of United Nations, supports all initiatives to restore or build a state order which give a chance for a stable peace based on human values. Nevertheless, European Union defines his interventions in function of his own interests. Post-conflicts States don’t have a right to reconstruction. A mix of european institutional actors decide and design the european response dedicated to failed Post-conflict States. This response is not isolated, she is included in a network of parternship.After a conflict, the regional organization set up a mix of legal or operational mechanisms, and military or civilian capacities. The european activism in this domain can be very strong. Sometimes, it seems as a trusteeship of EU on Post conflicts States. Consequently, European Union contributes to design and implement the international law of the State reconstruction. EU promotes norms and international standards. It initiates european norms and standards dedicated to the recovery of states. Consequently, European Union possess global capacities in the matter of post-conflict reconstruction. That is to say that Europe is proposing to rebuild the state in its three traditional components: population, territory and state apparatus
Ashnan, Almoktar. "Le principe de complémentarité entre la cour pénale internationale et la juridiction pénale nationale." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR1004/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to analyse the principle of complementarity, to show the specific character of the notion and to study its implementation in the light of the practice of the International criminal court (ICC) in order to highlight the political and legal obstacles. In accordance with Article 1, the Court is complementary to national criminal jurisdictions for crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crime of aggression. Under this principle, national jurisdictions have priority over ICC but the Court’s jurisdiction takes over when a State lacks the technical or legal means, which are necessary to try and punish the perpetrators of such crimes, or if a rigged trial took place. Therefore, complementarity aims to bring an end to impunity for those responsible for the most serious crimes of international concern. The Rome Statute, namely with the provisions of Article 17, indicates how to implement complementarity according to the criteria for admissibility which are inability, unwillingness and seriousness. Articles 18 and 19, for their part, provide the mechanism of preliminary ruling regarding admissibility and challenge. Furthermore, the role of the Security Council regarding complementarity is also considered as essential to understand the effectiveness and the legal impact of this Court. Powers which are conferred under the Rome Statute and chapter VII of the United Nations Charter allow the Security Council to refer a situation to the ICC, to suspend an ICC investigation, to require States to cooperate with the ICC, or to qualify a crime as aggression, and this despite the fact that the independence of the investigation and of the trial is the backbone of criminal justice ensuring it is efficient
Zakharian, Larissa. "La Russie et la guerre du Kosovo." Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/741/1/M10084.pdf.
Full textGuay, Fanny. "Le Canada et les États-Unis au sein de l'OTAN depuis la fin de la guerre froide." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2974/1/M9332.pdf.
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