Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre civile – Congo (République)'
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Yengo, Patrice. ""De la conférence nationale aux disparus du Beach" : histoire et anthropologie de la guerre civile du Congo-Brazzaville." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0120.
Full textThis thesis explores the relevance of the application in a post-colonial state of the concept of "civil war" like total social fact. With the intention, the study privileges a trans-disciplinary approach even if it remains marked deeply by the history and anthropology. It is based on the example of Congo-Brazzaville which was, from 1993 to 2002, a theater of a long civil war cut out in three large phases - 1993-1994, 1997 and of 1998 to 2002- bringing into play three political personalities and various armed bodies (military, militia, etc. ). These phases were not examined in an isolated way but overall from a point of view which integrates, as well, the changes on a global level that regional, the play of internal alliances and the oil issues involving the Elf company. This thesis is organized in three great parts. The first one investigates the "civil war" in the general context of the globalization and the end of the "cold war". The second part analyzes, starting from the Congolese national conference of 1990, the failure of the process of democratization. The third, finally, apprehends inherent logic with the three phases of the "civil war" which culminates by the return of the former president to the power. The conclusion opens a general comparative prospect where the "civil war" appears, not only like an internal military opposition within the elites for the conquest of the State power, but primarily like a process of conspiracy against the "citizenship". Thus, the civil war in Congo can be analyzed like a "démocide"
Guébou, Florent. "Analyse des problèmes de sécurité du travail dans un pays en voie de développement : le cas du Congo." Rennes 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN20005.
Full textThis research aimed at analyzing the issue of security at work in the Congolese firms. Facing the difficulties we came up against, we were led to make choices concerning our methodology and our starting processes. We eventually came to a choice of five research ways. The methodology we adopted consisted in a pre-survey and a survey through questionnaires that were given out to five hundred workers: only four hundred and twenty questionnaires were given back and exploited. Considering the limits of our study, of this methodology, of the results that came of it, we find it necessary to consider this study as somewhat exploratory and, therefore, to take out both its practical and theoretical implications
Ahamed, Saïd Abass. "Démocratiser en temps de guerre : l’intervention des Nations Unies et de l’Union européenne dans la transition congolaise 1996-2006." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010355.
Full textThe international intervention by the United Nations and the European Union in favor of democratic transitions in countries affected by war has known in the Democratic Repub1ic of the Congo (DRC) of new trends. These international institutions have mobi1ized enormous resources with a view to sit of democratic practices and institutions in a po1itical space caracterized by violence and instability. The stakes of power between the United Nations and the European Union, the divergence of agendas between person al strategy and collective interest have rendered difficult any coordination essentia1 to the success of this kind of enterprise. This thesis is given as objective to ana1yze the too1s and modalities of international intervention in a country whose major characteristic remains the existence of a continuum of violence and of embryonic infrastructure. The project of democratization remains by essence an unfinished project that shou1d be continuous1y refined; however, the global time of the democratization by expeditionary projects seems gone. To the extend the international intervention for democracy in Africa remains a reality
Kasoro, Tumbwe. "La rébellion congolaise (zaïroise) de 1964 à 1965 : étude des discours politiques." Bordeaux 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR30019.
Full textThis thesis analyzes in a psociolinguistic perspective the discourse of the upheavel which took mlace from 1964 to 1965 in zaire. Our many purpose has been to observe the linguistic and discursive practices of two opposed political groups (the rebels and the governement) in a multilingual and diglossic country in a state of revolution. After studying the relationships between society, language, discourse, ideology and power in zaire in the sixties (part one), we examine their semantics ( part two ), their functions and strategies (part three). Finally, we focus on the discourse of extremists, that of the rebels, to see how it has been influenced; we also review the influences it has exerced on the french language in zaire and on other languages. The two discourses differ in the way they express ideology, although they both belong, from a sociolinguistic point of view, to the realm of the colonial linguistic ideology
Quénard, Christelle. "Les fonctions cognitives de contrôle chez les personnes civiles traumatisées de la guerre du Congo." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30025/document.
Full textThe traumatized civil persons (PTSD) of the Congo War bring back numerous interventions of thoughts by images and scenes of the lived events. These interventions bring an important clinical suffering. They make relive the trauma permanently without any cognitive control is apparently possible. In our work of thesis we support the idea that these interventions are the consequences of a deep modification of the processes cognitive of control at the civil persons traumatized by the Congo War. More particularly, we suppose that the process susceptible to be involved (to be in question) in the absence of control over the images and the thoughts would be a deficit of the mechanism of cognitive inhibition. To put our hypothesis in the test we built various tasks consisted for each of a material with "neutral" valency and a material with "traumatic, negative" valency. These tasks are recognized to measure the capacities of cognitive control. It is about the task of Stroop (Stroop, 1935), of the task of directed Forgetting (Bjork, Bjork, & Anderson, 1996), of a material stemming of paradigm DRM (Deese, 1959; Roediger, & McDermott, 1995) and R/K (Tulving, 1985) and finally a memory–slip test (Jacoby, 1991; Hay, & Jacoby, 1996, 1999; Guerdoux, 2009). These tasks were administered to a first population of civil persons traumatized by the Congo War in comparison to a population of persons of the Burkina Faso not traumatized. Our results invalidated our hypotheses as for the existence of a deficit of inhibition in particular in the presence of an emotional verbal material in connection with the lived traumatic events. The results of our studies militate for a hypercontrol and a hyperinhibition of any material in connection with the trauma. That is why we try to explain this hypercontrol as the sign of an emotional expulsion such as defined by Freud (1926) or the sign of a psychic dissociation defined by Janet (1986, 1987)
Sibide, Doudou. "La résolution des conflits en Afrique : le cas de la République démocratique du Congo de 1944 à nos jours." Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_sidibe_d.pdf.
Full textOnce considered by realists as a confrontation between States, the notion of War has shifted with the proliferation of internai conflicts linked to the CoId War or other factors. Their immense toll on human life, as well as their societal origins has made these conflicts very difficult to resolve. The conflict in the Democratie Republic of the Congo, which falls into this category, also involves State-actors. In addition to its internal and inter-state dimensions, one must mention the failure of the State, the disintegration of the army, ethnic manipulation, conflict over property, as weil as the illegal exploitation of mining resources. Faced with such a complex situation, the international community, under the auspices of the United Nations, has tried to enginee political solutions based on the theory of liberal peace with the introduction of democracy, and economic ones with the market economy. This study will therefore examine first of all the extent to which such solutions are adapted to the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, or whether or not they lead to fragile democracies. Secondly, we will seek to demonstrate that solutions may lie in the consolidation of institutions created through elections, the refounding of the army, the end of the criminalisation of the economy, cooperation with neighbouring countries, and the social transformation of the conflict. These solutions are thought to defend the idea of a sustainable peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Epimi, Guia Lucien. "Les relations entre l'Angola et le Congo-Kinshasa de 1975 à 2002." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040061.
Full textThis dissertation studies the relations between Angola and Congo-Kinshasa from 1975 to 2002. It identifies and evaluates through a historical approach to international relations the nature and significance of those relations in interaction with the armed conflicts that took place in these countries during and after the Cold War. The main questions are examined along four axes: the international and regional contexts to which these relations belong, the position of Congo-Zaire about the Angolan conflict, Angola’s behavior toward the conflict in Congo-Kinshasa, the prospects for the future. This work first shows that from 1975 until President Mobutu’s fall in May 1997, the relations between Angola and Congo-Zaire were mainly conflicting, and second, that with President Mobutu’s fall and the arrival of the Kabila presidents in Congo-Kinshasa, the dynamics of the armed conflicts in both countries resulted in a normalization of their relations
Oyono, Jean Bosco. "La gestion et la résolution des conflits en Afrique centrale : sortir des crises et reconstruire la paix : le cas de la République démocratique du Congo." Lyon 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO31079.
Full textOur work falls into two parts. The first part introduces the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); it essentially shows the different crises and wars undergone by this country since its independence in 1960. According to a report sent by a group of UNO experts to UN Security Council on December 8,2008, the country is rich with innumerable natural resources such as diamond, cobalt, copper, oil , etc ); moreover, it contains more than 15% of the world hydraulic potential, i. E. , 50% of the hydraulic potential of the whole African continent. Unfortunately, the Congolese have never had any control over these riches which have never served the financial interests of the Natives because of the dictatorial Regimes that have governed the country since its independence. The case of the Democratic Republic of Congo is an illustration of the contrast between a potentially rich country and a poor people. The second part suggests solutions to help put an end to crises and the circle of violence. So, we have defined three main models of political Regimes: the federal type, the Presidential and Parliamentary types which should be sustained by a democratic system equivalent to the model of Western. Naturally, we have underlined both the advantages and disadvantages of each system as far as The Democratic Republic of Congo is concerned. We have also examined the hypothesis of a possible partition of the DRC on the model of pre-colonial African Monarchies, and this in accordance with the geomorphologic aspect of the later armed conflict. Finally, we have suggested an endogenous Democracy of African type
Bakissi, Etienne. "Guerres civiles du Congo-Brazzaville (1993-1999) : Influences sur les itinéraires de vie, les acteurs et victimes de ces conflits." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0297.
Full textFollowing the conference of La Baule in 1990, Congo-Brazzaville opted in 1991, for a national conference. It was an appointment with History, a prelude to democracy.The conference it was assumed, would be the means of the exit from a social and identity crisis, the expression of a political and economic burst.Alas, everyone thought they belonged to the king’s entourage who, as in a court society, would facilitate their personnal and illicit enrichment. This conference, the longest in Africain countries, gave rise to a belligerent impulse and developed an agonal state. It was the start of the extroversion which led political opponents to arm resourceless out-of school youths.This action, tinged with confusion, was to give birth to state and private militia, then to three adventitions wars, driving thousands of people into savannahs and foreigh countries without any hope of retourning to their native country. The art of war became a policy which waged battles.Since the Congolese subsoil represented an obvious economic interest, multinationals financed all three wars. They compelled people to wander, to fear the other, the stranger the journey back home will prove hard for raped women and young people. Hower, those responsible for crimes regainned their legitimacy. The leader’s figurewas thus tarnished even desacralized.We have sought to understand how the institutions crumbled owing to the adventitions wars whether it be the economic sphere or public institutions like school or the church. Finally, our aim was to understand the emergence of a savage order : the order of murder and rape against a background of slanghters with, as target, the death of innoncents.Why has woman, the bearer of life in Africa become the trophy of the powerful and the strong ? If war has a tragic side, why does it arouse so much commitment? War has undoubtedly its grammar, but not its owen logic
Duroch, Françoise. "Résistances et appropriations institutionnelles des Organisations Non Gouvernementales autour de la notion de victimes de violences sexuelles : le cas de Médecins Sans Frontières en République Démocratique du Congo." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/duroch_f.
Full textThis work offers to analyse the learning process of the humanitarian organization Médecins Sans Frontière (Doctors without borders / MSF) around the notions of victims of sexual violence. The first part is dedicated to a conceptual and critical essay on the concepts of rape victims, in particular in the field of social sciences, as well as to an introduction to the history of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The second part of the study presents a qualitative study of one MSF's most important intervention in Eastern DRC in favour of victims of sexual violence. The medical anamnesis of 2695 patients received by the organisation were studied in order to understand the phenomenon of massive rapes in this region; semi-directive interviews have also been conducted with volunteers and managers of the organization participating to the development of this type of operations. The last section describes the elements which have led MSF to consider the phenomenon of sexual violence in its fields of interventions, as well as the organization's appropriation and resistance processes vis-à-vis these issues. The organisational learning dynamics seems to have been made possible by a set of key events: conflicts, HIV-Aids pandemics, favourable institutional environment, and scandals in the media. Resistances develop around social representations of the victim, as well as ethical and technical stakes. In these processes should appear some forms of mediation, some conveyors of meaning, pedagogues of the otherness, which could contribute to bringing significance to action-taking around phenomena sometimes located in the spheres of the unspeakable
Rookes, Stephen. "From the Bay of Pigs to Lake Tanganyika : non-state armed actors in the Congo crisis, 1960-1967." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20021.
Full textWhereas the Democratic Republic of the Congo became independent in June 1960 within a very short space of time the country will be torn apart by a series of secession and rebellions. In Katanga, secession is supported by the arrival of a mercenary army and the United Nations is sent to restore order by ridding the Congo of these foreign forces.The UN mission complete and its forces having been withdrawn by July 1963, the Congolese government will then be confronted by a popular rebellion in rural areas of the Congo. Supported by the People's Republic of China and radical African nations this communist-inspired rebellion makes rapid progress and soon two-thirds of the Congo is in the hands of the Simbas, the name adopted by the rebels. By August 1964 the Simbas have reached Stanleyville, the Congo's second largest city, and threaten to kill hundreds of mainly Belgian hostages. With the Congolese National Army being unfit to defeat the rebellion alone, it is reinforced by hundreds of white mercenaries. Seeing the rebellion and its communist support as a threat to its ideologies of Containment and the Domino Theory, the United States also provides military assistance in the shape of an air force and a small commando unit. Known collectively as the Makasi, these US covert forces comprise of Cuban Exiles recruited and paid by the CIA. Many of these Exiles took part in the Bay of Pigs invasion in April 1961. These Exiles join the list of CIA covert forces who have taken part in secret operations in China and in Guatemala. They will be joined by more veterans of the failed invasion in 1965 when a naval force is created to patrol Lake Tanganyika. It is from here that rebel forces are being supplied with food and weapons provided by communist-bloc nations and supporters. Moreover, from April 1965, the rebel forces will also be joined by Che Guevara who has hopes of starting up a popular revolution in the heart of Africa. Guevara's presence in the Congo being rapidly detected by the US, the Exiles are informed and see the Congo as an opportunity to gain revenge for the Bay of Pigs
Ngondzi, Jonas Rémy. "Enfants-soldats, conflits armés, liens familiaux : Quels enjeux de prise en charge dans le cadre du processus de DDR ? Approche comparative entre les deux Congo." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958088.
Full textDi, Razza Namie. "La protection des civils par les opérations de maintien de la paix de l’ONU : le cas de la MONUC/MONUSCO en République démocratique du Congo (1999-2015)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0002.
Full textThe failures of UN peacekeeping operations in Rwanda and Bosnia greatly eroded the aura of Blue helmets, appearing as helpless witnesses of massacres and atrocities. Nevertheless, since 1999, “protection of civilians” went through an institutional expansion and normalization within the UN, both in doctrine and practice. The Security Council and the Secretariat raised it as the priority task of peace operations, and engaged in a critical development of the concept of protection of civilians. The United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC, then MONUSCO), which has been the laboratory for practices of protection for the last 15 years, displayed a remarkable hyperactivity to protect people. Various specific tools and mechanisms were developed in order to strengthen the Mission capability to respond to protection needs. Similarly, UN peacekeepers proved that they could handle a large range of operational practices to protect civilians, from simple deterrent presence to offensive operations against armed groups. This thesis demonstrates the conceptual and practical evolutions that occurred, and clarifies the factors that influence the concrete implementation of this protection policy, now central to UN peacekeeping. It explores the institutional dynamics and the political dynamics that both delineate the outline of the practice of protection, and that can reduce or increase their efficiency
Bounda, Sosthène. "Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge en Afrique centrale à la fin du XXe siècle : cas du Cameroun, du Congo Brazzaville, du Congo Kinshasa et du Gabon de 1960 à 1999." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30053/document.
Full textThe International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC abstract is a humanitarian organization founded in 1863 by the Committee of five Swiss citizens: Moynier, Henry Dunant, Guillaume Dufour, Louis Appia, ThéodoreMaunoir. Creates the basis for the relief and assistance to victims of war, an initiative of Henry Dunant from a memory of the War of Solferino, the ICRC will extend its scope after the Geneva Convention of 1949. In Indeed, the ICRC is the NGO most represented in the world and it is appropriate that it was price-Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 awarded to Henri Dunant, in 1917, 1944, 1963 for his effort during the different conflicts, but also the Balzan Prize for humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples in 1996. It was established gradually in all continents after the Second World War. Before that, she was a mostly European NGOs. In Central Africa, the delegation of the International Red Cross is based in Yaounde, Cameroon and includes the Central African countries such as Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome. In these countries the work of the ICRC varies Humanitarian needs of each other. The more a country is at war, most of the ICRC's intervention is important. This procedure is done in accordance with the rules established in the various Geneva Conventions, the Hague and many others. Of these conferences was born on international humanitarian law that codifies the ICRC's work in the field, especially in time of war, but also those of other NGOs, including UN entities. International law is respect for human rights and the environment in times of armed conflict. Thus the ICRC's work in Central Africa was greater in Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon, which remained without military conflicts since 1960, starting date of our chronological terminal. The countries that are the subject of our study experienced various vicissitudes: Bakassi war for Cameroon, the civil war in Congo Brazzaville and war multifaceted ending in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The intervention of the ICRC in time of peace is often left to National Societies must train rescuers dissemination of international humanitarian law, including their daily activities to beg governments in their health missions, hygiene. Even the ICRC mission in peacetime is damage limitation in time of war
Aya, Alphonse. "Proto-Etat et société civile congolaise." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR1007.
Full textOkiemba, Rock. "Les guerres, les accords de cessation des hostilités et le processus de paix au Congo Brazzaville." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080147.
Full textThe ethno-political tensions in Congo - Brazzaville post sovereign national conference period are a new phenomenon for a previously peaceful countries. For a decade (1993-2002), the country has lived through the years of his cursed history. Three civil wars that not only deconstructed its economy, but also undermined the harmony and national cohesion. Coming out of this national conference, the army remained neutral in the decision but three politicians become emblematic figures: Pascal Lissouba and Bernard Kolélas Denis Sassou-Nguesso. These three players each have in these conflicts militias who fight for their cause. The Cocoyes, Zulu and aubevillois are those of President Pascal Lissouba, ninjas are the cause for the Mayor of the city of Brazzaville Bernard Kolélas, became leader of the opposition after its agreement with the Alliance and Related URD-PCT. While Sassou-Nguesso, beaten by President Lissouba during the 1992 presidential election, will create the Cobras. At the December 1998 conflict between the Cobras and Ninjas in the Pool, another figure appears: Pastor Reverend Frederic Bitsangou with his militia, the Nsilulus. The resistance from the militia that of cobras, led the new authorities signed two ceasefire agreements. These two agreements are the source of the publication of the law on amnesty for acts of war and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants. Politically, this peace process is the work of inclusive national dialogue, the foundation of unity and national reconciliation between former 'enemies'. The government will proceed as the reintegration of ex-combatants at collecting weapons in conflict zones. The post-conflict program initiated by the international financial institutions to cancel debt put the country back on track. Can the refusal of the opposition to change the constitution of January 2002 still sink the country into violence? The referendum process wanted by the PCT and the presidential majority is it a good move? Are the people ready to accept the third term of the current head of state? These questions remain unanswered
Mukadi, Bonyi. "La responsabilité civile du pouvoir judiciaire en droit congolais." Thesis, Artois, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ARTO0302.
Full textThe Constitution of the DRC enshrines the principle of separation of the legislative , executive and judicial powers. This latter authority 's mission is to tell the law . It is attributed to the courts and civil and military courts and exercised by the court personnel including judges, clerks and bailiffs, police officers , etc. . They constitute the public service of justice. The study addresses the liability of the judiciary under Congolese law , that is to say, the obligation of the members of this authority to respond to the damage they may cause to the users of the public service of justice by giving them a fair and equitable compensation. After reviewing both the regime of civil liability of judges, which is implemented through the procedure of taking part in and the state's one , which is mainly based on the rules of common law , the study leads to the following conclusion : as it is currently organized , the liability of the judiciary is unable to perform the traditional functions of damage prevention and victims' compensation.Against this backdrop, the study proposes to reform the current law of liability of the judiciary to allow both to prevent the judges' antisocial behaviors and to compensate adequately the victims of the dysfunction of the public utility of justice. For judges, it implies a renovated magistrate liability regime based on the extension of the conditions of this responsibility, the simplification of the procedure and the coordination of the civil, disciplinary and criminal liabilities , which should finally strengthen the sense of responsibility. Concerning the state, the study recommends to set up a regime of strict liability which could enable fair compensation for victims of damage caused by a defective functioning of the public utility of justice . Such a system is rooted in most Congolese people's mentality and in the need to respect Congolese international commitments without sacrificing the need for socio-economic development
Telomono, Bisangamani Mathieu. "La responsabilité civile du fait de l'enfant en République démocratique du Congo : De la romanogermanisation à la transculturalité juridique pour la paix sociale." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010268.
Full textGitenet, Romain. "De la victimisation ethnique à la rébellion armée : Production du politique, mobilisation sociale et économie de guerre en mode insurrectionnel : Le cas du Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple (CNDP) en République Démocratique du Congo." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010286.
Full textDzassabi, Gilbert. "Les problèmes de sécurité en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) : un révélateur de guerre et de paix en Afrique." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40005.
Full textNkodia, Wamba Jean-Michel. "Brazzaville, une ville en quête d’identité ?" Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100003.
Full textFounded in 1880 by explorer Brazza Savorgnan on behalf of France, Brazzaville is both a river town and a city of memories charged with hopes and disappointments. Memoirs of a conquest and pacification laborious, without means, which gives players who are willing to mobilize (missions, factories, companies, dealers) care to the city. Memoirs of a fragmented urban starts, reads still in the city and then continues in other forms with the policy of segregation creating black Brazzaville, and later, once independence was achieved, with the development progressive ethno-regional areas. Memories of great moments that make history and suggest a great destiny (capital of the AEF, France free of the Brazzaville conference, carefully orchestrated celebrations of. . . ) but also memories of the tragedies resulting from violence latent explodes suddenly left to destroy everything in civil wars, leaving some people a sense of abandonment and fate. Rebuilding the city, in the aftermath of these wars is first confrontation with this story, join in a truly urban project away from those who made up this city ignoring its identity and bolstering its inhabitants in a tradition of resistance. Is to understand the specificity of a complex colonial society that has survived in the urban setting and participated in the development of a hybrid city does not meet market rules. This is not to be locked in the ease of the great works and great expectations too modeled on a Western way of thinking, but to ensure that the urban project is finally the opportunity of a real communion between politics and city
Lobjeois, Eric. "Le Mexique et l'Espagne, 1936-1952 : la guerre civile, l'exil, la République et Franco." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070093.
Full textThis work analyses the solidarity between revolutionary Mexico and the Spanish Republic since 1936 until 1952. During this period, Mexico, under president Cárdenas authority, became a protector of the Spanish second Republic attacked, in 1936, by a military movement supervised by général Francisco Franco and helped by fascist Italy and nazi Germany. Mexico provided the Republic a diplomatic, humanitarian and military assistance. Unfortunately, the Spanish civil war turned over in april 1939 with Franco's victory. Then, half million people were forced to live Spain scrambling, threatened by repression. Cárdenas decided immediately to offer them Mexico's hospitality. Between 1939 and 1945, approximately 20 to 30. 000 spanish republicans found safety and a new home in Mexico, rejoining a few children and intellectuals who were evacuated from Spain during the war. This operation was organized by Mexican government and spanish organizations for help the refugees. Such an immigration, highly qualified, represent a phenomenon unprecedented in Spain's contemporary history. Thereafter, this solidarity became part of the mexican history and Cárdenas attitude was incessantly claimed by Mexico until 1976. In 1945, republicans were authorized by mexican president Manuel Avila Camacho to restore a spanish republican government in exile in Mexico to remove Franco from the power with help of the OUN. Unsuccessfully. During the post world war period, Mexico stayed as a strong opponent against Franco's regime and Franco's foreign policy was constantly looking for his recognition from Mexico. Unsuccessfully too. However, in 1952, Franco's Spain was finally admitted at the UNESCO and entered the western order. So, during ail this time, Mexico has been the common border between the two Spain
Legendre, Bruno. "Le réseau "Crocodile" : anticommunisme et anxiété chez les Belges du Katanga (Congo belge) au début de la guerre froide (1948-1952)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29410.
Full textUrcelay-Maragnès, Denise. "Les volontaires cubains dans la défense de la République espagnole : de l'engagement au retour(1936-1959)." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0143.
Full textMore than thousand cuban volunteers fought in the defence of the spanish republic in 1936. How can this massive enrolment be explained? This thesis proposes to find an answer to the question. To do this the first part presents those aspects of the historical context in cuba and spain which gave rise to a feeling that both countries shared a common context. The second part attempts to show what incited men to enrol:The association of the failure in the 1930's of the revolution in cuba and the attack on the spanish republic and how it triggered a change of attitude towards spain. This is followed by a study of how the volunteers were recruited as well as a political profile of a cuban contingent. The third part deals with the activity and effectiveness of the cuban brigades at war. An attempt is made to interpret the testimony of the combatants and the intellectuals. The fourth part shows how the cuban volunteers withdrew from the war zone and discusses what happened to them in the french and spanish camps. It seeks to understand whether their farewell to spain was also a farewell to arms
Djoli, Eseng'Ekeli Jacques. "Le constitutionnalisme africain entre la gestion des héritages et l'invention du futur : l'exemple congolais." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010337.
Full textKoffi-Kra, Armande Desiree. "Le journalisme de paix, de la théorie à la pratique : le cas de la radio Okapi en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70274.
Full textPeace journalism originated from ideas of specialists of conflict management who proposed to the western journalists a different way to cover news related to conflicts. The goal is to restore peace in countries in crisis. The idea is also to end the kind of journalism that tends to exacerbate the tensions in time of crisis and that they called war journalism. This journalism has the particularity to be focused on the elites, the conflict result and propagandist opinions. However, considered as a commitment to serve a cause, peace journalism has been rejected by some professional of information. While this concept is a source of division in the Western world, in the African context, meaningful experiences were conducted through the creation of radio stations. These radio stations appeared following the Rwanda genocide in 1994. Seen as medias of peace, these stations were implanted by international organizations (UN, Internews, Fondation Hirondelle, Search for Common Ground...) to accompany the after-war reconstruction process in some countries. Thus, some organizations have tried this peace journalism. Based on these experiences, we have initiated an empirical qualitative research to deepen the realization on the implementation of this kind of journalism. To properly conduct our research, we chose the radio station Okapi like case study. Okapi is a radio station of the United Nations in Democratic Republic of Congo. It was created by the UN and Fondation Hirondelle. Through the practices of professionals who work there, we tried to understand how this peace journalism could be implanted and under which conditions. The semi-directed interview, the non-participant observation, the analysis of content and the documentary research were the tools used to achieve this study. At the end of this study, we have extricated different factors that can be considered as advantageous or disadvantageous to the practice of peace journalism. Key words: media of peace, hate media, peace radio, peace journalism, war journalism, Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, UN, MONUSCO.
Joncheray, Mathilde. "Vivre la guerre, construire la paix : Conflits et recompositions territoriales post-conflit en République du Congo (Pays du Niari)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3104.
Full textWars are major factors in territorial reorganisation. The territories of the “Pays du Niari”, region created by politicians, have a particular/specific place in the history of conflicts in Congo and the former influences their reconstruction. After 10 years of war, the region finds it difficult to recover, and finds itself in the middle of socio-economic, political and identity issues at different levels.This thesis studies, on the one hand, the conflicts leading to a methodical history-geography change of a region and populations put aside by national and international decision makers. It studies, on the other hand, how the different actors make theirs the notion of the post conflict and the territorial repercussions of the actions undertaken. This finally leads us to put forward the hiatus between reconstruction actions and the needs of the populations and the territories, clearly visible through the fragmented territories and timeframes
Diomande, Ibrahim. "La fonction de président de la République en Côte d'Ivoire face à la crise du pays depuis 2002." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05D012.
Full textCôte d’ivoire passed for the haven of peace to the 60 ethnos groups, a land of welcome fertilizes, a laboratory of the harmony postcoloniale. But, since the difficult succession of President Houphouet-Boigny in 1993, the country is in the storm. This one is marked by the coup d'etat of December 1999 and the war started in September 2002. They are soldiers - in rupture of engagement with an army in decomposition and the civil ones who started, on September 19, 2002, a rebellion which threatens the unit of the Côte d’Ivoire. This conflict plunges its roots in a ethnico-regional discrimination distilled since independence. Considered stable, the Côte d’ivoire is actually crossed by centripetal forces (the tribalism, xenophobia, the corruption, corrupt practice, discriminatory treatment of the religions. . . ). What denied many political actors of the Côte d’Ivoire by seeking goat-emissary elsewhere. In Côte d’Ivoire, The President of the republic is, the actor pivot, the backbone of the political life, it has as an obligation to determine and lead the policy of the Nation while ensuring the unit and the integrity of the territory. Thus, the situation that saw the ivory coast cannot be and should be which is the result of the policy of a person, management of a person: the president of the republic, first in the political institutions of the Côte d’Ivoire. We have draw up an assessment of the chaotic management of cultural, sociological diversity and chocolate éclair of the population of the Côte d’Ivoire which consequently brings occasion to include/understand the crisis of September 19th, 2002 but also to avoid another political crisis major
Feugain, André Sauveur Michel. "Iconologie et iconographie : analyse contrastive des affiches de propagande pendant la IIe république et la guerre civile espagnole 1931-1939." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE1096.
Full textAs a provider of information and propaganda, the poster appears very often in a context where men live a double reality : one arising from personal experience and the other linked to the media and other communication systems, hence the need to study the formal structures, the intrinsic features and the models of propaganda in such support. Base on a nine hundred posters corpus from the Second Republic and the civil war, this thesis is an analysis of the propaganda poster, of the link between the argument and the iconological and iconographic representation, and finally of its relationships with history. Starting from the idea that interference between the rhetoric message and the iconological message is not a sine qua non condition of an actual coherence between image and text, as they belong to two different semiotic systems, we prefer the idea of contextual signifiance of the elements in connection with their co-text and their context of production. We are then both in the world of semiotics when dealing with dealing with the interpretation of iconic elements, and in the world of pragmatics when it comes to the interpretation of linguistic elements. In addition to the answer given to the issue of knowing how the Republicans and the insurgents use the circumstances for propagandist purposes, the thesis develops a multi-criteria analysis involving two complementary approaches : a list of the questions which must be asked when analyzing propaganda posters and an inventory of the propaganda mechanisms to make-see, make-believe and make-do, that were used in the Spanish pre-dictatorship period
Nadeau, François M. "Casques bleus et unifolié : le maintien de la paix et l'identité canadienne, 1956-1973." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25688.pdf.
Full textAbouem, A. Tchoyi James Ronald. "Conflit, reconstruction et développement : la pertinence de la réponse économique : une analyse centrée sur le cas de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC)." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131002.
Full textExploring the issue of political instabilities and more specifically the issue of civil war unveils a great variety of root causes that need to be confronted to the reality of the context from which they are withdrawn. Poverty thus appears to have a conditional impact in this regard, and this could become tenfold due to the interaction of complementary factors usually in relation to the state and its institutions. Deciphering the experience of some countries might relegate these considerations. Therefore the analysis carried out on the DRC (Democratic republic of Congo) depicts a paradigm that is sustained by a mainstream that is a milestone in the work on armed conflicts. The aim of the researches carried out here being to analyze the relevance of economic responses given the validity of the “greed” hypothesis from the Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler concept, we assume a transition from resilient war to consolidated peace then to the ignition of a new economic dynamism. In this effort of reconstructing economically and politically, the issue of corruption is to be tackled in a particular way due to its insidious evolution throughout institutions. States could then consider international Aid an important financial source to ease the process of reconstruction. Nevertheless, foreign Aid is not a panacea as it mechanically leads to a phenomenon of prolonged indebtment and dependence. This dependence, far from being contained or preempted by the traditional forms of conditionality, gets the receiving countries to rely on their donors namely because of tied Aid. In this regard, setting up and implementing strategies to attract FDIs (Foreign direct investments) as a relay appears to be a promising solution
Vita, Ndugumbo. "La reconstruction de l'éducation en contexte «d'après-guerre» en République démocratique du Congo : visions et rôles des acteurs et des bénéficiaires d’enseignement dans le développement du curriculum d’enseignement secondaire technique et professionnel au Sud-Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25570.
Full textThis Systems Approach Modeling Integral Action Research (SAMIAR) Cardinal and Morin (1994) take its place in the context of the reconstruction of education in the Democratic Republic of Congo, more precisely in the province of South Kivu. Indeed, reducing the gap between curriculum requirements, and social needs that secondary technical and vocational education should meet, is the main concern of this study. This gap is reflected in terms of mismatch between the needs of society and the teaching curriculum on the one hand, and on the other hand, in terms of lack of consistency between the skills in technical and vocational secondary education skills for the labor market. The literature about the development of the educational curriculum in various contexts, mainly in post-war contexts, has revealed how the beneficiaries and educational actors evolve in educational curriculum development (OECD, 1995; Lenoir and Bouillier-Oudot, 2006; Goddard, 2007; Trabelsi and Dubois, 2006; Benavente, 2006; Obura, 2003; Sinclair, 2005). The theoretical framework, symbolic interactionism (Coulon, 1993, Le Breton, 2004) supported by systems thinking (Bausch, 2001; Checkland, 1981; Lapointe, 1995; Morin, 2010) has allowed us to understand how, from the experiences and the visions of beneficiaries and the actors of teaching, can we develop and/or adjust the technical and vocational secondary education curriculum, and develop guiding principles of an action plan and its implementation to meet the emerging needs in the province of South Kivu in the post-war context. We use the Soft Systems Methodology to understand the complexity of the problem situation of education in South Kivu. Using two research techniques: focus groups and participation in the Round Table, we obtained results that meet our research objectives. These results relate to the visions of education and skills development in the teaching curriculum to meet emerging needs: need peace, social security, socio-economic and educational needs. Finally, the perceptions of the actors on the problematic situation of teaching were used to update the action changes to the education curriculum. To improve the current situation map, we have developed guiding principles for the design and implementation of action of a South Kivu technical and vocational education curriculum.
Thiaw, Marie Louise. "Les ondes de paix en Afrique : l'exemple de Radio Okapi en République démocratique du Congo (RDC)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27132/27132.pdf.
Full textOkito, Pamijeko, and Pamijeko Okito. "Analyse de besoins de la formation continue et des conditions socioprofessionnelles des enseignants en situation après-guerre en République démocratique du Congo : cas des enseignants du niveau secondaire de la ville de Goma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38299.
Full textLa formation du personnel enseignant de la ville de Goma au Nord-Kivu, en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), a évolué négativement depuis la période coloniale. D’une formation initiale essentiellement religieuse, elle a été orientée vers des contenus universitaires, puis transformée en une formation continue sous forme de journées pédagogiques. Cette visée de formation n’a malheureusement pas été maintenue en raison du désengagement du gouvernement, des guerres et des conditions de vie. Conséquemment, l’un des problèmes majeurs qui caractérisent actuellement le système scolaire de Goma est l’absence de formation continue des enseignants. Afin d’aider ces enseignants à s’autoformer professionnellement pendant leur carrière, l’identification préalable de leurs besoins en formation continue et socioprofessionnels s’est avérée pertinente. Le but de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser ces besoins. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire de 91 énoncées a d’abord été rempli par 151 enseignants du secondaire à Goma, chef-lieu de la Province du Nord-Kivu (RDC). Par la suite, des entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de 20 d’entre eux. Les énoncés du questionnaire et ceux du canevas d’entretien ont été regroupés selon trois thèmes : les besoins en compétences professionnelles, les besoins socioprofessionnels et les renseignements généraux. La détermination des besoins en formation continue et leur classement selon l'ordre de priorité ont été réalisés au moyen des approches analytiques et graphiques de l’analyse de besoin. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que des 73 besoins concernent la formation continue, cinq sont jugés extrêmement prioritaires. Ces besoins extrêmement prioritaires sont : la formation pédagogique; des ateliers de formation; des séminaires; l’emploi correct des TIC dans les buts de se constituer des réseaux d’échange et de formation continue dans son domaine d’enseignement et dans sa pratique pédagogique ; la connaissance et l’utilisation des TIC en enseignement et apprentissage. Pour ce qui est des besoins socioprofessionnels, les résultats indiquent qu’ils sont au nombre de 30. Parmi ceux-ci, la rémunération salariale, la sécurité sociale, le transport et le logement sont les plus cités par les participants.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
Kengoum, Célestin. "La grande guerre africaine." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GREND011.
Full textTidjani, Ibrahim. "La mobilité pastorale en République Centrafricaine : une stratégie d’adaptation soutenable ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A023/document.
Full textYet a country with enormous potentialities for the development of pastoralism, the Central African Republic has been confronted for more than a decade by a prolonged crisis situation accentuated by a serious security and humanitarian crisis in 2013. This crisis has greatly affected the agricultural sector. pastoral farming remains one of the most important components. Today, as in the past, pastoralists are organizing themselves to cope with these shocks and mobility has for a very long time been the main strategy of response. However, because of the scale of the recent crises and their consequences, this crucial question always comes back to us: is pastoral mobility the key to adapting and maintaining pastoralism in CAR?This thesis, which is based on two case studies focusing on qualitative data, proposes to answer this central question by studying pastoral livestock farming systems, particularly the adaptation strategies of pastoralist households in a context of pastoral mobility and countries in post-conflict situations. The research was carried out in two pastoral camps located in the sub-prefecture of Birao (Terfel) and that of Bambari (Bangui-Banda). It shows that mobility is far from being over and that it is coming back with force as the main strategy in the situation of great security crisis such as that experienced by the CAR in 2013. It also results from this thesis that a better Understanding pastoral systems involves mobilizing local issues
Onguene, Ndongo Theodore. "Violence, traumatisme et bifurcation catastrophique : enjeux du lien dans l'enrôlement "volontaire" d'enfants soldats." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20088.
Full textIn most current configurations of war front using children, we use to find a part of the community-group bearing itself the transgression. It often appears in these wars, a shameful dimension related to the internal dynamics of the group killing itself. By the fact, in these configurations, we have a collective massacre committed by part of Group, on the basis of common and shared social rules and anthropological codes. The catastrophe theory (Thom, 1961) is an opportunity to explain those phenomena using attractive and repulsive forces in individual an groupal catastrophic bifurcation. It seems, on one hand, the “alien intrusion” (Duez B. 2003) which can be considered as the result of the psychic figuration work out and shaping of the psychic object, loses its main structuring function. On the other hand, the individual lost any opportunity to intimately experience the group as a psychic area on which he can transfer his immediate psychic conflicts and issues. Then, archaic scenes take the rule and invite the individual to find new internal form to deal with for symbolisation process. In these transgressions contexts, where children have to deal with harmful adult bearer of death, the rising of Child Soldier phenomena obeys a dynamic in witch strength (used by lord of war) is the common but not the unique parameter to consider. Child Soldier emerge in the war group which is a meta-defensive organization of the community reacting to the state of war
Taillot, Allison. "Les intellectuelles européennes et la guerre d’Espagne : de l’engagement personnel à la défense de la République espagnole." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100184/document.
Full textDuring the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), many European intellectuals took position supporting the Spanish Republic. So did women, who rallied to defend a regime whose 1931 Constitution had granted them voting rights. Thus sixteen women of letters got involved in one of the critical events of the 20th century, taking an active part in defending the Republican Government. Comparing these 8 Spanish women (Rosa Chacel, Ernestina de Champourcin, Carmen Conde, María Teresa León, Concha Méndez Cuesta, Margarita Nelken, Isabel Oyarzábal de Palencia et María Zambrano) and 8 foreigners (Valentine Ackland, Agnia Barto, Nancy Cunard, Clara Malraux, Anna Sehers, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Andrée Viollis, Simone Weil), the PhD dissertation aims to both cast light on these not very well-known women and their personal commitments and destinies, and provide new insight on the Civil War. Taking into account the early stages of their common commitment against fascism between 1936 and 1939, and analyzing their direct contribution to the war effort and their defense of culture, the dissertation aims to show that the Spanish Civil War gave these women the opportunity to assert themselves as women, as activists and as women of letters
Layoun, Jennifer. "Vers les accords de Taëf (1989) et la fin de la guerre civile au Liban : discours des dirigeants religieux-politiques libanais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3151.
Full textThe objective of this PhD dissertation is to study the evolution in the different discourse of political and religious leaders in Lebanon expressed in public as well as within closed circles during the fifteen years of conflict which began in 1975 and finished in 1989 with the Taif Agreement. This dissertation centers on a presentation and an analysis of the political projects proposed for Lebanon by several leading personalities coming from different political parties in the country during the period studied here. The originality of the approach is to group together two political parties which strongly oppose one another but which adopt an ideology based on shared criteria. Based on written documents as well as radio and televised programs and press conferences in addition to interviews which we have conducted in Lebanon and in France, we studied the political projects which were developed in Lebanon during 1975-1989. Our analyses reveal an evolution in the approach on the part of Lebanese religious and political persons of influence vis-à-vis their vision for the future regarding the political configuration of their country, all the while with respect to their strategic positioning in relation to the National Pact of 1943 as well as the role which they envision for themselves
Munazi, Muhimanyi Cyprien. "La répression des crimes relevant du statut de la Cour pénale internationale par les juridictions nationales et le principe de complémentarité : l’exemple de la République démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD039.
Full text. For almost over two decades, the DRC, located in the heart of Africa, in the Great Lakes region, has benn the scene of the most violent crimes. Tremendous public and non government organizations have reported the large-scale violations international humanitarian law and human rights committed in this country. They display the horror inflicted upon the civilian populations in the eastern part of the country. These include amonsgt others the areas of Bukavu, Fizi, Uvira Mugunga, Goma, Béni, Rusthuru, Lubero, Walikale, Kisangani, Tingi-Tingi, Makobola, Ituri, Kiwanja, Kasaï, Maniema, Shaba. In a global context of conflict and persistent turmoil, socio-economic instability and deep political crisis, the commission of serious crimes is exacerbated by the presence of hundreds of armed politico-military-mercenary groups, the Armed Forces of the DRC, all supported by foreign and multinational troops. The currently political and security environment prevents the Congolese justice system from smoothly assessing all elements of crimes on the territory in order to identify the perpetrators, establish the responsibilities, carry out investigation and prosecution as well as legal proceedings, ensure the reparations to millions of victims and the national reconciliation at large. The combination of other forms of justice would be more than ever necessary through the logic of the complementarity of the ICC
Maendeleo, Rutakaza Rachel. "L'action internationale dans le maintien, le rétablissement et la consolidation de la paix en République démocratique du Congo de 1998 à 2008." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30001.
Full textIf the explosion of the East/West system marks the end of the idea of global confrontation as model of the war since the end of the second world conflict, we more fundamentally have to wonder about the changes which took place since the 90s as regards the status of the very war and about the role of the peace operations in the international relations. The political crises ensuing from internal conflicts are sources of destabilization and weakening of the local institutions which undergo the tumult and weaken the capacity of the actors to go out of such a political situation. The necessity of strengthening the local capacities during this pivotal period to avoid the recurring crises is translated by the presence of the international community which spreads a multitude of strategies. There is indeed in the grammar of United Nations a continuum in the modes of crises’ management which goes the most reserved forms of the persuasion to certain modalities of coercive diplomacy, implying a use limited by the violence. When we examine the peace operations in RDC, dynamic set tensions and connections, oscillating between order and disorder in its institutional expressions, the report which gets free is that the question of the peace requires an analysis which takes into account several factors. Hence the use of an interdisciplinary approach, involving both critical currents in international relations (critical constructivism) while combining the sociology of international relations. Our study attempts to estimate the relevance and the coherence of the practices and the conducts of the international actors in a better way axiological and ideological outlines of the management of the iterative crises
Vincent, Kangulumba Mbambi M. "Indemnisation des victimes des accidents de la circulation et assurance de responsabilité civile automobile: étude de droit comparé belge et congolais." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211911.
Full textNous l'avons déjà souligné :le droit positif privé congolais à cette particularité d'être dualiste, tout au moins en ce qui est du droit des obligations et du droit de la réparation.
C'est pourquoi,il est indispensable, pour la compréhension du système juridique congolais, de recourir à l'examen des mécanismes de droit coutumier traditionnel qui continuent, très souvent, si pas dans la perception mais en tout cas dans l'application/ de régir les institutions et les rapports de droit privé. Il importe ainsi d'examiner d'abord,la structure de la responsabilité civile en droit positif écrit (Titre 1er),ensuite en droit coutumier traditionnel (Titre II) afin d'en ressortir les apports mutuels qui puissent nous permettre de fonder, dans le système juridique congolais, un meilleur droit de la réparation.
Doctorat en droit
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Milongo, Moukongo Paterne Gervilen. "Comparaison du rôle de la société civile dans le processus de démocratisation en Namibie et au Congo Brazzaville au cours de la période 1989-1994»." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30005.
Full textOne can acknowledge that the democratisation process in Namibia started in 1989 and in Congo Brazzaville in 1990: for the first one it meant freeing itself from the South African rule as the country conquered its independence and established a democratic regime, for the second one, it meant the fall of a one-party rule and installing a multiparty system in a move to democracy. This upheaval phase was made possible through social forces mobilisation, especially trade unions. Our research consists in looking into the role played by these social forces in the process and in questioning their nature, particularly in order to determine whether they form some civil society. In both countries, churches are instrumental in the process. When democracy is introduced, associations flourish. As the first institutions are set, a struggle for power is engaged that soon proves to be critical for civil society, as even their position is challenged ; organisations are under deep stress. Some leaders of these social movements join or head political parties, in a high-risk context. Ethnic or tribal rivalries, as well as regionalism roots in the people's consciousness. If Namibia continues its path to democracy, despite the weakness of civil society and the wounds from the past, the Congo will first fall into civil war before searching for a way towards peace. Civil society, which has collapsed during the conflict, comes back to front stage through the Ecumenical Council of Churches but fails to consolidate democracy
N'Sana, Bitentu Pierre. "Médias et conflits en RDC :Analyse des déterminants du traitement de l’information par les radios locales, nationales et internationales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/294929/6/contrat.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Information et communication
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Deyts, Rachel. "Homère dans la culture romaine entre la fin de la République et la fin de la dynastie julio-claudienne." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040146.
Full textThis memoir seeks to study the importance of Homer texts in the Roman culture between the beginning of the civil wars and the end of Nero's reign. We will first define how the homeric text corpus has been transmitted with the literary and artistic creations which were born from it, from Greece to Rome, throughout the centuries. We will then try to explain which place Homer occupied in the Romans' daily and private life, particularly speaking of literature and of the decorations of the Pompeian houses; finally, we will examine his importance in public life, for the Republican politicians and for the first principes. Homer, though he was a Greek author, was nonetheless considered as a fundamental reference in Rome. The homeric heroes constant presence in Roman cultural imaginary, in the literature of this time as well as in the artistic productions and in the speeches of the public men, can only make us wonder about this presence and seek to analyse the rôle that these fictional characters played, in this century where a new Rome was being elaborated
Wane, Bameme Bienvenu. "La responsabilité pénale pour crime de guerre : étude comparée des droits français et congolais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1070.
Full textFor a little over a decade, the rules of criminal responsibility for war crimes have been major changes under French and Congolese. States show a certain reluctance to face the international regulation of war crime. Indeed, the compliance of national rules with international instruments resulted in the legislation of these states, as in some others besides, two successive steps: the internalization of notions of crime and war criminal and outsourcing structures and mechanisms for establishing accountability. First, the international crime of war is redefined according to the understanding and the usual concepts of internal laws of the States. It is therefore sometimes partially correctionnalisé and therefore subject to the law of any other crime or misdemeanor domestic, namely the rules of prescription. Sometimes, though retaining its character as an international offense, this crime is enshrined in legislation military without specifying the facts constituting and penalties proved to the author
Itabu, Issa Sadiki Michel. "La sécurité aérienne en Afrique : la communication autistique au sein du collectif sécuritaire de l'aéronautique civile congolaise." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H205/document.
Full textThe Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was one of the best models of aeronautical exploitation in Africa during colonization and over a couple of decades after independence to the extent of being congratulated by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Today, in contrast, this huge central African country (DRC) is the bad student in world civil aviation in terms of security and the worst in terms of air accidents and disasters since the sector was liberalized in 1978. The consequence is that ORC has been blacklisted by the European Union since 2005. In the collective memory and the media, DRC is associated with crashes and air disasters so that every lime there is a plane crash anywhere in the world, reference is made to ORC. This research questions the issue of communication within organizations. New paradigms of air accidents are questioned with the aim of their prevention upstream in air transport. The main research question is about communication in civil aeronautics. As a matter of tact, even though registered occurrences in ORC have been attributed either to human error or to technology, or to the environment, or sometimes to the combination of these three factors, results of this study conducted in a genealogic-process, socio-anthropological and macro aeronautical technically-systemic approach indicate that the avalanche of air accidents and disasters in ORC is due to "autistic communication", that is, "the normalization of the abnormal, dysfunction, deviances and infringement of standards", thus 'the abnormal standardized" or through communication that proceeds by discrepancies to standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in a highly regulated and standardized field. The study depicts the evolution of Congolese civil aeronautics since its colonial origins until the present, it immerses itself in the organizations or structures of its "security sector", and outlines the types of communications, interactions, relations and interrelations that occur in there including paradoxical, ambiguous, confusing, incompatible, absurd communications, non-communications, communicational blindness or denial of communication, dialog of the deaf, transpersonal defense communication, silence as waffle. Finally, the research analyzes air accidents and disasters that occurred in DRC between 1990 and 2011 without leniency to demonstrate this and suggests a systemic theory of civil aeronautics security sector as "a brake" to autistic communicational practices in civil aviation
Laignoux, Raphaëlle. "La construction du pouvoir personnel durant les années 44-29 : processus de légitimation." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010705.
Full textCathelin, Mélanie. "Le rôle international d'un Etat : construction, institutionnalisation et changement. Le cas de la politique canadienne de maintien de la paix en Afrique." Phd thesis, Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354853.
Full textDewaele, Hélène. "Les relations entre droites autoritaires françaises et espagnoles de 1931 à 1940." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0109.
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