Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre civile – Liban'
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Sadeck, Salah el-dinn. "Beyrouth aprés la guerre civile et étrangère : analyse d'aménagement." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30036.
Full textThis research project deals with the repercussions of the war (1975- 1991) on beirut city. It describes and analyses the urban, social and economic mutations which occured at beirut during the years of war. This project comprises two main divisions. The first highlights the various changes in the infrastructure and the functions of beirut. The second describes and analyses the reconstraction of the city after 1991
Kalakech, Samar. "La guerre civile libanaise vue par le cinéma libanais." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_kalakech_s.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to reveal the representations that the Lebanese Cinema offers about an historical event: the Lebanese Civil War which devastated the country from 1975 to 1990. For this purpose, the study is based on four Lebanese fiction films produced in 1998, 1999 and 2000: West Beirut (Ziad Doueiri, 1998), Beirut ghost (Ghassan Salhab, 1999), Civilized people (Randa Chahal, 1999) and In the shadows of the city (Jean Chamoun, 2000). The choice of these films realized during the post-war period of time was done with the aim to pose a retrospective glance on the representation of the war. By calling upon the tools of the narrative analysis, we focused initially on the study of the narrative and enunciative structure of each film in order to determine the dominating point of view and the conveyed representation of this historical period. Then, we studied the relation between reality and fiction while trying to reveal the representation of the History that the films propose. As a completed event, the memory of the war was of paramount importance in these films. It is the subject of our final chapter. We tried to study "Which memory (ies)" the directors evoke in their films in a country where the society is composed of various confessional components
Daakour, Samah Nadim. "Le Liban entre paradis et enfer : images littéraires du Liban en guerre." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3010.
Full textRabanes, Chloé. "Les enlèvements de la guerre civile libanaise : logiques et pratiques d'une violence de guerre - 1975-1990." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0006.
Full textThe kidnappings were massively mobilized during the fifteen years of the Lebanese civil conflict (1975-1990). Wartime violence, still poorly studied, catches, their rhythms and their uses reveal some central mechanisms of conflict. This thesis first studies the place of abductions in the Lebanese war system, its times, its geographies and its organization. By following the course of the violence as close as possible to the field, we discover the multitude of uses of the catches and the complexity of their functions. A second phase of research focuses on captive trajectories in a more anthropological perspective. By following the time of the kidnappings of the capture to the detention and until the exit of captivity, one penetrates the heart of the daily warrior and the experiences lived by the civilians and the combatants
Abdul-Hay, Ziad. "Les finances publiques du Liban, de la guerre civile à la stabilisation monétaire." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10053.
Full textBoustani, Katia. "Guerre civile et maintien de la paix le cas du Liban /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37612237z.
Full textBoustani, Katia. "Guerre civile et maintien de la paix : le cas du Liban." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010301.
Full textThe external relations of civil wars require that they be qualified as intrastate conflicts comprising internal, regional and international conflicts, with a view of identifying adequate peacekeeping measures. The Lebanese situation represents a typical case of such intrastate conflict, which led to three different peacekeeping operations : Arab deterrent force (ADF), withing the frame of the Arab league, united nations interim force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) and multinational force (MNF) as international operations ; however, since each peacekeeping operation was itself linked with the very same conflict, it failed achieving objectives of pacification
Nassif, Fadia. "Les rumeurs dans la guerre, Liban 1975-1977." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H022.
Full textHusseini, Moussaoui Salma. "Redistribution de la population du Liban pendant la guerre civile : 1975-1988." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0041.
Full textWar-related conflicts and tensions have shattered the communitie's coexistence in lebanon. The whole of the country has undergone huge population mouvement of forced displacement. The lebanese communal space has thus been reshaped, while the population has been redistributed according to criteria that could best be defined as "political-confessionnal". This new distribution has engendered different reactions in the different communities. The country has broken off with its tradition of pacific inter communal coexistence. The religious map has been redrawn and simplified. Mixity (plurality) has disappeared, leaving lebanon divided up into religiously homogeneous territories
Haffar, Maha Kamel. "Les attitudes culturelles des Libanais durant la guerre civile." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H029.
Full textA sociological and anthropological analysis of the behaviours of lebanese people during the civil war shows us that the war is not only military acts, but also it is a daily battle with a lot of problems like how to eat, to have electricity, water, gaz or bread, and how to save itself from bombs and from the action of many militias
Makhlouf, Issa. "La mort violente au Liban : expérience et expression (de 1975 à nos jours)." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H083.
Full textAfter a twelve year war, Lebanon is a torn country. Since 1975, Lebanon has become synonymous with death and violence. We proposed to study the violent death in this country: its daily manifestations and its repercussions in the cultural field. Our study is divided in three parts : in the first one, we have bent over the example of Beirut where happened all the dissensions and suffering. Here we start on the problems which are related to the survival of Beirut and its inhabitants, especially the subject of refuges. As the capital, Beirut constituted the underground of all interior migration movements in Lebanon. So, we study here the influences on the Lebanese demography. Then, we tried to review the final toll of violence which is manifested in beirut as well as in the other regions in Lebanon : hostages, torture, massacre, trapped-cars, "franc-tireur", rape, suicide, etc. . . Just as the mentality changing by the eruption of hate and the extreme results of war on the individuals. The second part is consecrated to the study of "the magical-religions dimension in war". On making a clean sweep of the norms which govern Lebanese life before 1975, war has awaken religions attitudes which touched the irrational: martyrdom, chief, immortality, multiplication of "miracles" and daily ritualism. In the third part, we study "the influence of the war on the expression and creating ways". We tried to make a fascination analysis trained by picture, and more generally, the ways by which picture and works try to realize war; this rests on two methods : inforation and sublimation. So, our work is an anthropological approach of the violent death in his plurality, and of war which proceeds to a total inversion of values
Makdessi, Yara. "Santé de la population en temps de guerre : Beyrouth, 1975-1990." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H028.
Full textThe research study examines health conditions of population that is confronted to the context of violence. The city of Beirut was selected as a research field consisering that, from 1975 to 1990, its inhabitants endured sixteen years of war that took all forms of warfare (bombardment, street fights, ambuscaded snipers and terrorist attacks). Such violent acts have shaken the foundations of the society, led to the disorganisation of urban areas and to a crisis situation at multiple levels : political, economical and social. (. . . )
Kassir, Samir. "Étude comparée de l'évolution interne et des facteurs externes de la guerre au Liban (1975-1982)." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040114.
Full textThe subject of this study is to reconstitute the history of the war in Lebanon between 1975 date it started, and 1982, by describing the interaction of factors peculiar to the Lebanese national sphere with others related to the balance of power in the whole Middle East. The thesis covers two consecutive periods: the 1975-1976 period, called "war of two years" which witnessed the establishment of the major splits inside the Lebanese society as well as in the Arab regional system; the period 1977-1982 marked by two Israeli invasions and two major clashes between the Lebanese Christians and the Syrian army. We depict in these two periods the relations of confrontation or alliance concluded on the Lebanese theatre by state actors (Syria, Israel) or quasistate actors (the PLO) and sub-state actors (communities, militias, political parties) in a context influenced by ideological interstate vectors (Arab nationalism, the question of minorities, armed struggle)
Muqallad, Muḥammad ʿAlī. "Poesie et conflits ideologiques au liban entre 1967 et 1984." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040299.
Full textAbou, Jaoude Salah. "L'identité nationale du Liban : genèse, évolution et expressions d'une question toujours actuelle." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30065.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that the weakness of the Lebanese State and the fragility of the Lebanese national unity are the results of a national identity crisis closely related to the fact of confessionalism, and also to sketch the evolution of that crisis and define its elements. This contextual approach allows us to open up some perspectives on the future of Lebanon. After examining in the introduction the attitudes of some contemporary specialists to the subject in order to show the meaning of confessionalism and how this interferes with national identity, we analyze in the first part the foundational stages of the Lebanese entity and the often paradoxical bases on which its national life has been built. In the second part we analyze the National Pact and the functioning of the State and show the insufficiency of the former to keep the society immune from local and regional conflicts. This leads to a study of the 1975 conflict and its consequences, which revealed the national identity crisis that appears to have resisted all proposed solutions. In the third part we analyze the writings and speeches of some eminent Christian and Muslim authors and personalities in order to point out the concepts underlying the way they understood Lebanon. This analysis will permit us to propose some elements for a "national conversion"
Soutou, Antonio. "Histoire du football au Liban : à la recherche d’une indépendance." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10039.
Full textAfter being liberated from the Ottoman occupation in the end of the First World War and placed under the French mandate until its independence in 1943, Lebanon succeeded to maintain a certain stability on both economic and security levels until the outbreak of the civil war in 1975, and more specifically on April 13 of this year, when Beirut was divided into two clans: the Eastern clan inhabited by Christians and the Western clan inhabited by Muslims. The Taif Agreement (officially, the Document of National Accord) was the document that provided the basis for the ending of the civil war and agreed on the Syrian trusteeship that will last until the assassination of the Prime Minister Rafic Hariri in 2005. Since Lebanon’s geographical location inserts him in the heart of the Israeli Arab conflict and comes along with the inter and intra community differences, we wonder to what extent the development and the expansion of the football, a humble element in this large History, would undergo the effects. We wonder how has this sport developed in Lebanon, which institutions were involved? Does the situation in Lebanon allow such comparisons with the development of football elsewhere in the world? This paper tries to answer these questions thanks to local archives, specialized press and various interviews with Lebanese sport leaders and players. It shows in first place how the football has moved from being a university sport to a popular one, it traces in the second place the history of the football institutionalization in 1993 and during the years of glory until the outbreak of the civil war in 1975. It also shows that the civil war was rooted in reality in a long-term period during which confessionalism, i.e. the share of power based on the belonging to a religion, became the rule in most sectors of the Lebanese society
Nahas, Nayla. "La guerre au Liban, séquelles ou relances psychosociales ? : adaptation et personnalisation des enfants libanais : de l'attachement au coping." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20036.
Full textThis dissertation studies the adjustment and the personalization of the Lebanese children who lived their infancy in a war context. It considers the possible effects of socio-cultural variables (sex, religion, region, ideological thinking, and the intensity of the war) on identity strategies (self esteem and locus of control), on social engagement strategies (attachment) and on adjustment strategies (coping, hardiness, and school performance). The mother social representation of the war effects on self and on the family is also considered as an intermediate variable. 409 children and their mothers coming from three different regions (Akkar, Tripoli and Beirut) were studied. The results show that a “protective net of bonds” characterise the attachment of these children. In their coping strategies they use mostly the control. The social support seems to be an ambivalent strategy in this culture. No evidence of the influence of the mother social representation of the war effects was found. The region that is the less affected by the war seems to be the most vulnerable. Interpretations of these results were based on a transaction theory of coping, adjustment and resilience. It insists on the dynamic relationship among, the “extreme situation”, the subject and the socio-cultural background
Atrissi, Nayef. "Etude urbaine d'une ville moyenne libanaise : Saïda." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100228.
Full textGhazi, Simone. "Les entrepreneurs et l'Etat dans la crise libanaise : interaction du politique et de l'économique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0016.
Full textThis thesis aims at examining the birth and growth of Lebanese capitalism, its evolution and adaptation to economical and political turmoils which affected the local and regional scene. The subject involves the question "entrepreneur-innovationnetworks" and prompts us to study at the same time the continuity within the entrepreneurial class, the social foundations of the entreprise and the political and confessional supports necessary to its survival. We shall first draw the profile of the Lebanese entrepreneur, examine the formation of the political elite and study the development of the Lebanese economy in the light of local and regional events which took place between 1943-1975 and between 1975-1989. While underlining the interaction of politics and economics, we shall show the role played by the entrepreneur between various Lebanese political factions when the whole political system was completely disrupted by the war. Finally an inquiry involving 50 industrialists and bankers was led with the objective of analysing the relations between the entrepreneur, his local environment and the outside world in order to show how the individual endeavor of the entrepreneur tofether with the influence of religious groups has helped maintaining the Lebanese economy with growing trend despite the weakness of the State
Riquier, Anne-Sophie. "Les femmes du Liban face à la guerre : itinéraire et enjeux d'un parcours romanesque." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040102.
Full textOut of the conflict that tore their country apart between 1975 and 1991, Lebanese women have written up an astounding record of the Lebanese War. Through the re-appropriation of a hitherto masculine narrative voice, they renew the traditional structures of fiction in order to set down the record of the devastations in their novels. Their stories, fractured words born of the division, are an ode to the deceased and to a destroyed Lebanon. Yet transcending the pain of loss and the anger in the face of ruin, the creative process sublimates the memory of horror and turns it into a design, with the war-tale becoming a novel of apprenticeship in which the experience of violence is a guiding light in the all-encompassing quest for peace. Looking into the past in search of the origin of the social fracture, these novelists sound the Lebanese collective identity in an attempt to find the basis for unity. Through the rewriting of secular myths, they remind us of the fundamental oneness of the human condition while extolling tolerance and brotherhood. Refusing to stay within accepted boundaries, they unveil another struggle, the fight for sexual equality, and preach the emancipation of women within everyday life. By deliberately standing against the traditional image of women in Mediterranean countries, the Lebanese female war novelists erect a new founding couple, built on ideals of equality and sharing, which embodies the hope of a pacified humankind, just as it teaches the acceptance of otherness and the fertile wealth of diversity
Osseiran-Houbballah, Mouzayan. "Recherches psychanalytiques sur les effets de l'incorporation des enfants-soldats : le passage à l'acte de terreur comme écriture de l'innommable du traumatisme." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070060.
Full textYammine, Jamilée. "Le coût d'opportunité de la guerre : application au cas du Liban." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020049/document.
Full textNowadays, many countries live in a constant state of war and violence. They suffer from both direct and indirect costs that will have a long term impact on their economic development and progress. In this thesis, we are going to analyze the opportunity-cost of war. This analysis stresses both the value of human beings as well as the cost of material damages. Many economists have tried to define and estimate the opportunity-cost of wars. These estimations take into consideration several hypotheses on how the economy would have functioned in the absence of war. However, these calculations were never elaborate. Our work focuses on the calculation of the opportunity cost of the Lebanese civil war which started in 1975 and lasted for sixteen years. We will examine how the Lebanese economy functioned during the civil war as well as after it was done. The methods of calculation that we used are inspired from the work of Jean Baptiste Say and the World Bank
Nemeh, Mohamad-Imad. "Développement de l'illusion et de la violence confessionnelles au Liban : enquête sur le combattant, 1982-1985, étude en psychanalyse sociale." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070059.
Full textThis "doctorat" is an attempt to apprehend the lebanese denomination of today through its past since the death of the father definitely played a decisive part in the formation of the current denomination. That death breeds fracticide and a regression to mother values. Attachment to identity of clan and land and it legitimates violence thanks to an illusion bused on the idealization of the denominational mother and the depreciation of the brother, an object to be destroyed. The original idea of this work is that denomination as a socioimaginary material and is built upon its illusion that gives its specificity to it and determins its function in the game between its own universe and the group. The denominational illusion would be an anti-religions idol which would go beyond the law of the father in order to go back to the days of the hero or back to the days of the horde of the father of such a jealous and authoritarian father. Such an illusion stands against secularism in so far as secularism is a work which implies open-imndedness and freedom. Now, denomination in lebnon is closing on itself and on its legendary history. Secularism according to the denominational illusion hurns out to be synonymons with agoraphobia. The doctorat tries to unveil the collective fact through the belaviour of the individual combatant and vice versa. Therefore, the inquiry on the combatant, its violence
Chaddad, Rihad. "La résistance nationale contre l'occupation étrangère : cas du Liban." Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000954.pdf.
Full textA state of war generated by the incessant Israeli-Palestinian conflict since the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 has weighed heavily on the entire Middle East and transformed the region into a powder keg. Involved in the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict because of its geographical location, Lebanon has become a ground for competing interests of its neighbors’: Israelis, Palestinians and Syrians. The invasion and occupation of Lebanon in 1982 by Israeli troops led the Lebanese national resistance, led by the party of God (Hezbollah) who is accused of terrorist by the USA and Israel with the attacks of September 11 2001. To study and interpret the topic of national resistance against foreign occupation is trying to talk about the Arab-Israeli conflict and the contribution of the Palestinian refugee issue and the military presence of Syria taking into account the progress events and challenges that have revealed a significant change on the Lebanese political scene as the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafic Hariri and the war of thirty-three days during the summer of 2006 between Israel and Hezbollah, which gave the political crisis this country a dimensional aspect
El, Khoury Antoine. "La crise de 1982 au miroir de la Guerre Civile et les interventions étrangères au Liban (1975-1990)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20055.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the Lebanese events which led to the Lebanese crisis of 1982 and theconsequences that gushed up till the signing of the Taif Agreement. This work of research constitutes, in the first place, the object of a study of the direct and indirect causes which is accompanied by an array of actors, internal and external, involved in this event, and the role played by each of them in this crisis. All these lead to a further reflection of the year 1982, during which the Israeli army invaded Lebanon and besieged the capital of the country of cedars. This reflection is developed during the role and responses of major powers in Lebanon during the operation of 1982, and more widely during the Civil War, without omitting the consequences that this military action had on the Israelis and Palestinians, especially those inLebanon. Following this operation, Lebanon enters a new phase of its crisis; Muslim and Christian militias are fighting each other; the country was left to its fate despite some attempts at reconciliation in Geneva and Lausanne. This analysis ended by a detailed outcome of the period leading to the end of the war, in the presence of General Aoun in the authority and his military adventures, which ended with the signing of the Taif accord. The latter is a foreign fabrication established by Lebanese tools that marks the end of fighting and, officially, the end of the Lebanese civil war. Lebanon has, from that time, to rebuild
Abourizk, Michel. "Evolution de la livre libanaise à travers les dix ans de guerre : 1975-1984 : causes de l'effondrement." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA131003.
Full textThe slump of the Lebanese pound has begun at the end of the tenth year of war 1984. It has well resisted during the first eight years of war (1975-1982). Its depreciation since 1983 is due to internal and external reasons. Since 1975, Lebanon has known an important regression in all his economic activities; all sectors have been damaged by the effects of war. But, the availability of important resources of foreign currency during (1975-1982) has permitted to make the deficit good and to realize an excess in the balance of payments. At the origin of this flow exist the transfer made by Lebanese workers in the Arab gulf, the "political money" and an efficient banking system. The collapse of the LL in 1984 is due to different reasons: local, regional, end international. Among the local reasons exist, the deficit of the balance of payments which has appeared for the first time in 1983, the public finance crisis, the decline of the growth of the economy expected by the private sectors, and the speculation led by certain banks. The deficit of the balance of payments is due to the extent of the deficit of commercial balance, the reducing number of the Lebanese workers in the gulf area, the deterioration of touristic activity, and to the stop of the arrival to Beirut of the "political money" and the Arab aids. As for the crisis of the public finance, it has been shown by the excessive growth of the public debt, the unproductive expenditures of the state and its inflationist financing system. The regional conjuncture was not also in favor of the LL since 1980. The petroleum fees, since 1973, have permitted to the Arab states of the gulf to have their own monetary and financial markets and to dispense from the services of the Beirut market. The same remark is true for the port and transit sectors. The competition and the effects of the international crisis were also baneful for the Lebanese pound and economy
Nasrallah, Oussama. "La radiodiffusion publique libanaise à l'orée de la paix : Radio-Liban dans le nouveau contexte (1992)." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070063.
Full textPrior to 1975 Lebanese news network was based on the three traditional pillars of the written press, the national radio and national television. The national radio station, radio-Lebanon, played the role of spokesman for the government. All news air time was reserved for the official sources and the opposition had not access whatsoever to the airwaves. 38the outbreak of the civil war (1975) was to change everything. Each side in the conflict set up their own radio station. A veritable "war of the wavelengths" broke out during which each faction or political party tried to get over its own version of the facts, regardless of any real notion of factual news. The emergence of the factional radio stations put them in direct competition with the official station : with the outbreak of the civil war the state was to lose the monopoly of the airwaves it had hitherto enjoyed. Reflecting the trend in the political world, public opinion was set to be divided. The radio was to become the best way for the man in the street to express his allegiances in the eyes of his. .
Franco, Michel. "Le Liban : l'Etat impossible ?" Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10065.
Full textThe study deals with the failure of the Lebanese State system, its impossibility to tackle the crisis and the demographic consequences of the conflict in Lebanon from the early stages of the Lebanese conflict in 1975 up to 2009. The interest of the subject consisted in dealing with the consequences of the different Lebanese wars (from 1975 to 1990) between the different communities and this through the concept of State and the way it was understood within the different communities. Our study is part of a sociological, demographic, political and historic study. The chronology has not been systematically respected. We went to back and forth on the political history of Lebanon trying to better understand the reasons of these different conflicts. After a necessary introduction to situate the question in its context recalling thus the main outlines of the Lebanese contemporary history, the State as a legal entity, the utmost step of accomplished societies, will be studied. The study will then focus on its incapacity to face the crisis to finally concentrate on the internal and external migrations of the different communities and the demographic consequences of the conflict. We will also consider Lebanon in its geographical frame and political environment as this country can only be understood through the Israeli-Arab conflict that remains in a certain way the background of the issue. We will then study the 1990-2009 period that can be called "the years of reconstruction" and about which a lot has been discussed in goods or bad terms. A linguistic section will also be considered so as to provide the author's vision on the way to express political concepts in classical Arabic as well as on peculiar expressions in dialectal Arabic. Additionally, the 33-day war from 2006 will compose a part that appeared as being necessary
Zein, de Clerck Dima. "Les relations druzo-chrétiennes dans le Mont Liban Sud à l'épreuve des guerres et des réconciliations, des représentations et des mémoires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010708.
Full textThis thesis addresses the difficulties of writing the civil war and tackles the Druze-Christian relations clashes, representations, conflicting memories and a failure of the reconciliation process, implemented by the State at the end of the armed hostilities, and according to the clauses provided by the Ta’if Agreement. Besides the introduction that includes a geographical overview of the Druze-Christian region of cohabitation, that is the Southern part of Mount Lebanon, commonly called al-Jabal (the Mountain), a first historical part addresses the Druze-Christian relations in their political context since Lebanon’s independence in 1943 and until the official end of the Lebanese War in 1990 with a large emphasis on the Mountain War in 1982-1983 and the wars that resulted from it, in the Chahhâr in 1984, and in the Iqlîm al-Kharrûb in 1985. Those constitute a major fracture in the relations between the Druze and Christian communities. This first attempt at historicizing these wars is based on unpublished sources and cuts across many interviews. The second part tackles, in a first chapter, the Reconciliation process in an uncertain post-war, and the political relations between Druze and Christians. A second chapter addresses the vivid memories and the uses of the past related to the clashes and massacres of the nineteenth century (the harakât of 1841, 1845 and 1860), and the links in the memories between past wars and the Lebanese war. A third chapter reports on crossed representations between Druze and Christians, as well on conflicting memories related to the War of the Mountain. The Druze-Christian relations in Southern Mount Lebanon alongside wars and reconcilitations, representations and memories
Ghanem, El Bonn Bechara. "La France face aux évènements du Liban 1975-1976 : points de vue français, libanais, arabes et américains." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040009.
Full textPrompted by the particular interest it has traditionally shown in Lebanon, France made intensive diplomatic efforts during the first years of the war (1975-1976), in an attempt to help solve the conflict. Two missions went to Beirut, one headed by Maurice Couve de Murville called "friendship and information", the other, "good offices" was presided by Georges Gorse. Two proposals were put forward: 1) France’s participation in a "control and security system", 2) the organization of a "round table" in Paris. Notwithstanding the failure of the two attempts and the controversial criticism they provoked, the French experience laid useful grounds for an eventual future role Paris could play in a rescue operation for Lebanon: avoiding any misunderstanding with the Lebanese on the one hand and with the Syrians and Israelis on the other
Gholam-Khoury, Amale. "Mutations urbaines à Beyrouth : le quartier d'Achrafieh." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010568.
Full textThis research project deals with the repercussions of the lebanese war (1975-1990) on Achrafieh area, which is a part of beirut city. It describes and analyses in detail the urban, social, demographic and economic mutations which occured at achrafieh during the years of war. This project comprises three main divisions. The first shows the data concerning the environment before the war begining. The second highlights the various changes in the infrastructure and the functions of achrafieh. The thrid gives the repercussions of the war on the size and the dynamism of the local population as well as the arrival of displaced population. The conclusion outlines sole scenarios on the future of this part of Beirut and leads think that the changes in the functions of Achrafieh permit to it to play the role of a bridge between the eastern and western zones of the great Beirut
Rappolt, Axel. "Les armes aussi bien des milices locales que des contingents étrangers n'apportent aucune solution aux problèmes intérieurs du Liban de 1975 à 1986 : vers une solution fédérale de type onusien d'états typiquement ethniques." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010302.
Full textLayoun, Jennifer. "Vers les accords de Taëf (1989) et la fin de la guerre civile au Liban : discours des dirigeants religieux-politiques libanais." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3151.
Full textThe objective of this PhD dissertation is to study the evolution in the different discourse of political and religious leaders in Lebanon expressed in public as well as within closed circles during the fifteen years of conflict which began in 1975 and finished in 1989 with the Taif Agreement. This dissertation centers on a presentation and an analysis of the political projects proposed for Lebanon by several leading personalities coming from different political parties in the country during the period studied here. The originality of the approach is to group together two political parties which strongly oppose one another but which adopt an ideology based on shared criteria. Based on written documents as well as radio and televised programs and press conferences in addition to interviews which we have conducted in Lebanon and in France, we studied the political projects which were developed in Lebanon during 1975-1989. Our analyses reveal an evolution in the approach on the part of Lebanese religious and political persons of influence vis-à-vis their vision for the future regarding the political configuration of their country, all the while with respect to their strategic positioning in relation to the National Pact of 1943 as well as the role which they envision for themselves
Verdeil, Eric. "Une ville et ses urbanistes : Beyrouth en reconstruction." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003919.
Full textLa première partie décrit les chantiers de l'après-guerre au Liban : celui du centre-ville est exceptionnel par la place prise par le Premier ministre R. Hariri dans son élaboration et sa mise en œuvre, comme par le débat qu'il suscite et qui met en évidence d'autres conceptions de la reconstruction. Les autres chantiers de la période illustrent que les priorités du gouvernement ne suivent pas exactement les plans proposés par les urbanistes de la reconstruction.
Le deuxième partie analyse la convergence autour des politiques d'aménagement spatial qui caractérisait le mandat du président Fouad Chehab. Ses conseillers étrangers introduisirent des normes d'action exigeantes qui forment le socle des références d'une génération d'urbanistes, exerçant sous forme libérale ou dans l'administration libanaise. Leur influence se fait sentir jusqu'à l'époque de la reconstruction.
La troisième partie envisage la transformation de ces normes et des pratiques d'action urbanistiques à travers la guerre, où l'on observe une mutation de la commande politique, des bouleversements sociaux et une transformation des conditions d'exercice professionnel. Le centre-ville, la banlieue sud-ouest et les remblais du littoral nord constituent trois études de cas où se combinent différemment cultures professionnelles des urbanistes et nouvelles modalités des politiques urbaines à l'occasion du renouvellement du personnel politique, qu'illustrent les carrières croisées du. président A. Gemayel et du promoteur R. Hariri.
Traboulsi, Fawwaz. "Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080847.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the effects of two forms of identification and solidarity, the sects and the classes, in the conflicts of contemporary lebanon. Succeeding to a section on methodology dealing with the concepts of sect, clientelism and class, is one which traces the emergence of the sectarian phenomenon, the formative phases of the lebanese entity and the ascent to power of the commercial-financial oligarchy. A chapter is devoted to the thought of michel chiha (1891-1954), leading ideologue of free trade and secterianism, another deals with the problematic of the state submitted to the "double bind" of sect and class, a third analyses the social crisis and the social movements on the eve of the war. The third and last section on the civil war analyses the projects of society of the protagonists, the "mafian" features of militian power and concludes with a survey of the mecanisms and rituals of violence. The conclusion, which highlights the explosive factor of class frustations imbedded in sectarian politics, poses a number of questions and challenges facing the process of peace, reconstruction, democracy and secularism in post-war lebanon
El-Debs, Joumana. "De la nécessité de l'O. N. U. Dans le règlement des conflits : le cas du Liban." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05D020.
Full textWard, Thérèse. "Le deuil chez la mère libanaise ayant un fils disparu pendant les guerres du Liban (1975-2006) : "Deuil avec ou sans corps récupérés" : "étude descriptive" : "Types de deuil et fonctionnements psychiques"." Paris 13, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA131023.
Full textMy first goal is to investigate the conduct and the outcome of the bereavement of a mother whose son disappeared during the war in comparison with the mourning of the mother of a martyr of the war and decently buried son. The second goal is to study the psychic functioning of these mothers and the type of object relationship they have. Knowing this fixation to the loss could reflect the organization of limit personality
Jaber, Hicham. "Les Chiites du Jabal Amel : une dimension nationale et régionale (1970-1990)." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040103.
Full textJabal Amel in south Lebanon became in the early seventies and still the center of political and military attraction in the Middle East. Jabal Amel presents 20 % of the superficy of Lebanon. The Shia community, which is the 2nd sect in Islam, has been living in south Lebanon since the early years of the Islam. Jabal Amel became officially part of Lebanon in 1926 according to the Lebanese constitution. The French mandate recognized the Shia of Lebanon as an independent community after the independence in 1943 the Shia community didn’t reach their political goals effectively until the Taef agreement in 1989. The war of 1967, the creation of P. L. O , and the immigration of the P. L. O from Jourdan to Lebanon after the black September 1970, were the major reasons of the civil war in 1975-1976. The war had a negative effect on Lebanon and especially on the south (mainly by the Israeli invasions in 1978 then in 1982 and the occupation of almost half of Jabal Amel by Israeli forces and the state of non - security in south Lebanon today. The political concept of the Shia today goes from moderation to the extremists, imam Moussa al Sad'r, the spiritual leader of the Shia in Lebanon (who disappeared in Libya in 1978), had a very major role in the political development of the Shia during the last 30 years. Although Jabal Amel party is still occupied by Israeli forces, the Shia of this area have had a significant economic and social development. Political movements are many, besides Amal and Hezbollah, the Shia have been involved and introduced in almost all Lebanese and regional political parties. The majority of the Shia community are real Lebanese, the believe in one united, independent Lebanon and they claim for the state of social justice
Samaha, Dima. "Prise de parole et identité dans les romans libanais de l'émigration (depuis la fin de la guerre civile)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0069.
Full textMy PhD thesis focuses on works of fiction by Lebanese immigrant writers that are part of the same generation (1959-1969) and whose novels were written and published after the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990), outside of Lebanon, in both English and French. The thesis sheds light on distinctive aspects of these novels all of which share the dual experience of war and emigration. This dual experience generates various discursive strategies analysed in Ruth Amossy and Dominique Maingueneau’s work on the analysis of discourse as well as Peter Brooks’s contribution to narrative construction in therapy framework. Memory is a mean through which narrative is articulated as it turns into the object of harsh attempts of re-appropriation. Trauma theory, as developed by Cathy Caruth alongside the work of Maurice Halbwachs on collective and social memory, shed light on the mechanisms in which memory works in the studied novels. The novels are also part of an attempt to write history and draw on mixed material to do so: They use archives, fictionalise real events, and develop multiple narrative voices. These techniques lead to a reflection on historiography, the production of memories, and the traditional functions of reading. Narrative strategies, memory mechanisms, and the writing of history are part of a process illustrating a permanent concern about identity. YLebanese immigration narratives, through their audacious strategies, innovative techniques and willingness to represent a dual and complex experience, contribute to the shaping of both Lebanese and world literature’s modernity and more importantly to the impossibility of reducing fiction to fixed categories
Skaff, Charbel. "Les manifestations psychopathologiques chez les mères des enlevés de la guerre libanaise (1975-1990) : du complexe de Pénélope au deuil paradoxal." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG009/document.
Full textThe Lebanese Civil War (1975 - 1990) has been mainly remarkable as far as the kidnapping of soldiers as much as of civilians is concerned. Up to the 1991 Amnesty Law, we will precisely examine the consequential effects on psychic health on rapted families thanks to non guiding interwiews, and the gathering poetical or written accounts, according to the reading of TAT.The transitional justice is a prospective for the rebuild of Lebanon. It could help to clear the mist about the missing's fate, to help people to go out of mourning. But at the present time, the families are enduring the silence of the State, that is burying and forgetting the history of Lebanon, that the missing's fate will remain unestablished for ever. In spite of this silence that destroys any attempt of psychic breaking up between the families and the missings, blocking up that way the Lebanese mothers in the perpetual repetition of the trauma, like Penelope doing and undoing her work that consisted in weawing the shroud of Telemaque's father- in - law, they can deliver of herselves; and decide to look at a future, an own destiny, through the process of "paradoxal nourning".This concept,far from avoiding or denying the missings, consists in a new coming out of the mother's ego, in the psychosomatic way to initiate mourning not of the next of kin, but the traumatism that had prostrated them first up to the depressive emptyness. Paradoxically, bringing the mothers of Lebanese missings to their extreme limits will next allow them to get back to their ego that they imagined as lost for ever at first
El-Horr, Dima. "Le cinéma libanais après la guerre civile. Un cinéma mélancolique et urbain (de 1990 à nos jours)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0029.
Full textAs the Lebanese civil war ended in 1991, a feeling of malaise and melancholy started to imprint the works of filmmakers. Between a collapsing world and a fading past, the films’ characters seem to drift aimlessly as they face constant violence, separation, mourning and exile. Their malaise lingers in a city crammed by massive construction sites where the dead, like ghosts, emerge from the ruins. While melancholy roots itself in the films, fragmented and never ending stories interlace.With Ghassan Salhab, Michel Kammoun, Joanna Hadjithomas, Khalil Joreige, Mohammad Soueid, Danielle Arbid, Christophe Karabache, Waël Noureddine, Nigol Bezgian, Borhane Alaouié, Jocelyne Saab... a new cinema is born
Hariri, Ahmad. "L'Armée et le pouvoir politique au Liban." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010273.
Full textKhalil, Lyne. "La question de la transmission entre mère et fille dans le contexte d'après-guerre civile libanaise. Se permettre d'aimer pour briser la répétition." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC050.
Full textBecause of a shortcoming in afterwardsness and no work of remembrance, the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990) never truly ended and is doomed to repetition. This war, against the religiously different, generated murderous hatred of the other, the stranger, and is now a constituent base for family organization. War is rooted in the intimate space of the subject and undermines the constitution of his identity. During that war, the union with the alike stands as a weapon of war against the different, the foreigner and the enemy. The wartime Lebanese woman will appear, in this thesis, as the first to "use" this "weapon". In this society which transmits the trauma of war, religion dictates until today the rights of the Lebanese, and individual and social laws. It legitimizes patriarchy and weakens group, community and individual identity in the event that a union of love is interconfessional. The founding function of the collective at the individual level is therefore, in this context, fundamental to the understanding of this study. The aim of this thesis will be to study the question of mother-daughter transmission in the post-civil war and its impact on the female identity of the women who never lived war : the post war women. It is precisely through the transmission of the prohibition to unite with the different that this question will be treated. This prohibiting transmission will affect the post- war mother-daughter relationship and the nature and function of love, appanage of the narcissistic and objectal relation. In order to account for the uncertainties of this alienating transmission, the research will focus on two Lebanese adolescents who have never experienced the civil war and who, respectively, have a mother who was a homemaker during the civil war and another who was a fighter. Through the study of the ordeal which is the romantic encounter at adolescence and the severe mental upheavals which it generates, the devastating impact of repetition and of the transmission of this prohibition to unite with the different will be highlighted. Whatever the role of the mother during the civil war, her teenage daughters will appear as her narcissistic extension, and will struggle to separate, become their own subjects, and to constitute themselves as beings free in their desires and their bodies
Aoun, El Ghazzi Micheline. "L'hyperactivité au Liban une actualité controversée." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC051.
Full textIn Lebanon, hyperactive children is at an increasing rate, it is as a social corruption. In the present paper, the research will be mainly on the French approach considering some specific modalities of the psychological functions like narcissism, pulsing, separation and individualization. . . . Furthermore, the research will reflect on the psychological trauma caused by the Lebanese wax and its impact on the child's behavior. As well as the societal changes and family functioning. The search feature is the subject of a study involving seven Lebanese children hyperactive, four Christians and three Muslims, builds on the award of the Rorschach projective test
Malsagne, Stéphane. "Fu'Âd Chihâb (1902-1973) : contribution à l'étude d'une figure historique majeure du Liban contemporain." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010643.
Full textBeydoun, Ahlam. "La souveraineté du Liban face à l'épreuve." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213094.
Full textAbu, Sbeit Mohamed. "L'image du Liban dans la presse écrite française : une étude analytique de trois quotidiens parisiens et de leurs attitudes vis-à-vis du Liban." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070001.
Full textAThe purpose of this research is to analyze the contents of three parisian newspapers (le Figaro - le Monde - Liberation) in order to know their attitudes towards the events that occured in lebanon betwen 1982 and 1986. The most important events during this periode are the following : - the israeli invasion of Lebanon and its consequences 1982-1983. - the lebanese conflict or the civil war (1983-1985). -the french hostages (1985-1986). This research includes three principal studies : -form analysis or a study of the news structure (headlines, leads location of the news in the papers, front page, volume occupied by the lebanese information and the information sources). -thematic analysis of the contents of each newspaper. -affective stimulation analysis (terminological study or study of the vocabulary used)
Barrère, Sandra. "Écrire une histoire tue : le massacre de Sabra et Chatila dans la littérature et l’art." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30022.
Full textThe research questions the functions of literature and art in relation to a violent event that is a taboo subject, namely the massacre perpetrated in the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila (16-18 September 1982 ), in Beirut. It applies to it with a presupposition: there is not only the breaking of reality in art, art is the time at work (P. Ricœur, A. Compagnon). The process begins with the observation of a triple deficit most evident in historiography, in cult of the dead and justice. This is an event that is held secret: we will call it taboo. In addition, it takes note of the emergence of a corpus of works in the fields of literature, cinema, contemporary art. From then on, the research intends to auscultate the political functions of poetics (J. Rancière). Several hypotheses are formulated which together signal the transitive and performative character of art and literature: on the one hand, in the shade of a truth not recorded in history books, i.e. of the melancholy of truth resulting from this missing (C. Coquio), the works are meant to tell what history conceals (I. Jablonka, E. Bouju, A. Imhoff, K. Quirós); on the other hand, since the victims have not been buried, the works deposit a stele at the place of its absence, restoring equalities towards bodies that do not count (J. Butler); finally, faced with a judicial irresolution which signifies the undecidable character of the event, they operate, through their symbolic mediations, the rehabilitating clinic not only of the human being, but also of the language and the authority of sense (A. Gefen, C. Coquio). Situated at the crossroads of postcolonial studies and gender studies, the research examines the politicity of literature and art of a body of 14 works collected from both the epicenter and the periphery of the event
Haddad, Rayan. "Les processus d'insertion de conflits exogènes dans un espace public communautarisé : captations libanaises des crises du Kosovo, du 11 septembre, d'Afghanistan, et d'Irak." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0044.
Full textThis research examines the adaptations of the Lebanese “post-anomic” public sphere to the world political context beyond the Westphalian coordinates. It highlights how the societal sphere of a Weak State deals with cases of “turbulence” emerging from the world scene. More specifically, it identifies the processes through which specific “exogenous” crises are incorporated into the “local” Lebanese debate. The intertwinement of the dynamics of “localization” and “globalization” is here clearly illustrated; but this does not preclude any attempt to assess (on a case by case basis) the relative and differing importance of these dynamics within the interaction. We have hence deemed useful to make a (loose) distinction between two concepts: Lebanese “sensitivity” (designating the “local” relation – not devoid of interest - to certain tumultuous international events) and Lebanese “vulnerability” (referring to the dangerous convulsions in Lebanon’s immediate environment). The former concept is predominantly (and processually) related to an efficient normative activism on the part of identity entrepreneurs in the “public sphere” (affected by a simultaneous crisis of state and civil society). The latter concept is foremost the consequence of the interplay of “geopolitical forces” that are not guided in their policy-making by considerations pertaining to fundamental human rights in the Middle East nor to the future of the region’s peoples. The two abovementioned concepts follow intertwined dynamics that we attempt to identify and explain through the analysis of the representations and the policies of various actors at the local and global levels
Ghosn, Katia. "Ilyās Khūrī et la problématique du postmodernisme en littérature." Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0023.
Full textPostmodernism is the state of culture of the contemporary world and postmodernity the corresponding historical period. During the 1970's, postmodern theories enjoyed a considerable development at the time when the lebanese civil war (1975-1990) erupted. Ilyas Khuri, a lebanese author born in 1948, experienced violence and defeats. His novels express the fragmentation of the country and the narration. Postmodernism in literature proves to be a paradigm to interpret his writings. Our approach helps to reveal the central role of engagement and values despite the collapse of big narratives. It enlights the underlying tensions of his novels. The interaction between text and context helps to grasp the change process of his literary writings. Ilyas Khuri literary works bring therefore distinctive answers to current questions