Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre dans l'ex-Yougoslavie, 1991-1995'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 30 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Guerre dans l'ex-Yougoslavie, 1991-1995.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Madonna, Pascal. "Les volontaires français dans les guerres de Yougoslavie de 1991 à 1995." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0221.
Full textThis thesis project will focus on the following subject "French volunteers in the wars of Yugoslavia from 1991 to 1995". Studies have already opened the door to a thorough knowledge of the world of armed volunteerism. The military involvement of foreign volunteers in the former Yugoslavia has been mentioned in these contributions, but rather marginally, generally as part of a more general work. There are several specialists like David Mallet who published in 2013: "Foreign fighters: transnational identity in civil conflicts" offering some developments at the end of the book on volunteers in the former Yugoslavia. Nir Arielli also made a major contribution to the history of armed volunteerism in the former Yugoslavia: "In search of meaning: foreign volunteers in the Croatian Armed Forces, 1991-1995" published in the Cambridge Journal. Nevertheless, the author only gave a few lines to these same volunteers at the end of his main work: "Transnational soldiers: foreign military enlistment in the modern Era". In the United States, Dr. Stéphanie Kaplan, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), particularly studied the place of foreign fighters in Jihad, especially in Bosnia. This research was complemented by Dr. Thomas Hegghammer, who published a study entitled "The Rise of Muslim Foreign Fighters, Islam and Globalization of Jihad" in the MIT journal, which briefly discusses the situation of Muslim fighters Foreigners in Bosnia. Lastly, the work of the international research group led by Gilles Pecout at the Ecole Normale Supérieure: "Volunteers in the Mediterranean, 18th-20th centuries"
Glamočak, Marina. "La transition guerrière yougoslave /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38835232v.
Full textAjroud, Boutheina. "Les enfants dans les conflits yougoslaves et rwandais." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA111015.
Full textHatto, Ronald Védrine Hubert Badie Bertrand. "Les relations franco-américaines à l'épreuve de la guerre en ex-Yougoslavie, 1991-1995 : le partage du fardeau de la sécurité transatlantique /." Paris : Dalloz, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401900773.
Full textDizdarevic, Svebor André. "Les aspects juridiques et politiques de la crise yougoslave (1985-1993)." Lyon 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33009.
Full textVaucher, Pierre. "L'ex-Yougoslavie et le Rwanda en récit : du témoignage des conflits aux enjeux d'un déplacement fictionnel." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28281.
Full textNotre étude se fonde sur un corpus littéraire en deux volets. Le premier volet comporte quatre récits consacrés aux guerres issues de l’effondrement de la Yougoslavie dans les années 1990. Ces textes, réalisés tantôt par des journalistes français, tantôt par des exilés (ex-)yougoslaves, sont : Robert Mitchum ne revient pas de Jean Hatzfeld (2013), La route du salut d’Étienne de Montety (2013), Le soldat et le gramophone (Wie der Soldat das Grammofon repariert) de Saša Stanišić (2008), Le ministère de la douleur (Ministarstvo boli) de Dubravka Ugrešić (2008). Pour sa part, le second volet comprend cinq œuvres dévolues aux événements du génocide rwandais de 1994. Ces textes, d’Afrique, de France ou de Belgique, sont : L’aîné des orphelins de Tierno Monénembo (2000), Moisson de crânes : textes pour le Rwanda d’Abdourahman A. Waberi (2000), Murambi : le livre des ossements de Boubacar Boris Diop (2000), L’ombre d’Imana : voyages jusqu’au bout du Rwanda de Véronique Tadjo (2000) et enfin Uraho ? Es-tu toujours vivant d’Huguette de Broqueville (1997). Rien ne permet a priori de justifier le rapprochement des événements meurtriers survenus en ex-Yougoslavie avec ceux du Rwanda. D’ailleurs, que ce soit pour le Rwanda, la guerre de Bosnie-Herzégovine ou de Croatie, les écrivains et les écrivaines qui ont cherché à témoigner, par la littérature, de ces conflits s’inscrivent dans des contextes forts distincts les uns des autres. Mais tous ont saisi, consciemment ou non, une dimension essentielle de ces conflits récents, au-delà de l’horreur : leur ambivalence, le fait qu’ils répercutent des réalités hétérogènes, incertaines et parfois contradictoires. Tirant parti d’une Histoire qui ne se détache jamais entièrement d’une actualité poreuse, les auteurs ont ainsi imaginé des formes d’extériorité faisant exister – jouer – ces divergences ; ils ont conçu des mises en scènes en porte-à-faux par rapport aux événements de la guerre ou du génocide auxquels ils se réfèrent. Par exemple, Hatzfeld, dans Robert Mitchum ne revient pas, replace les enjeux d’une compétition sportive au cœur du siège de Sarajevo. À travers le paradigme olympique, s’esquisse un espace supranational qui entre en conflit avec la logique nationale de la guerre en Bosnie. La guerre acquiert par là de nouveaux contours. À l’aide des outils de la rhétorique appliquée au récit fictionnel, nous interrogeons les implications de ces déplacements narratifs vis-à-vis des conflits, que ce soit dans leur actualité politique, médiatique, culturelle ou même économique (en l’occurrence, chez Ugrešić). Nous verrons que si, bien souvent, les écrivains cherchent à résister à ce que ces réalités violentes mettent en jeu, les réponses qu’ils apportent sont parfois contradictoires. Il leur arrive en effet de renouer avec les mêmes logiques qu’ils dénoncent. Malgré tout, entre utopie et démystification, ces récits permettent de mieux comprendre la place occupée par la fiction dans nos sociétés. Au fond, il est toujours question de changer les pièces d’un réel par ailleurs essentiellement fictionnel, afin d’échapper, éventuellement, au retour du même, cet écroulement continu dont nous sommes tous témoins.
Our dissertation focuses on a two-part literary corpus. The first group contains four novels dedicated to the wars of the collapse of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Created either by French journalists or by exiles from the former Yugoslavia, these texts include: Jean Hatzfeld’s Robert Mitchum ne revient pas (2013), Étienne de Montety’s La route du salut (2013), Saša Stanišić’s Le soldat et le gramophone (2008) (original title: Wie der Soldat das Grammofon repariert) and Dubravka Ugrešić’s Le ministère de la douleur (2008) (Ministarstvo boli). For its part, the second group consists of five literary works on the massacres of the Rwandan genocide which took place in 1994. Produced by African, French or Belgian writers, these include: Tierno Monenembo’s L’aîné des orphelins (2000), A. Waberi’s Moisson de crânes: textes pour le Rwanda (2000), Boubacar Boris Diop’s Murambi: le livre des ossements (2000), Véronique Tadjo’s L’ombre d’Imana: voyages jusqu’au bout du Rwanda (2000) and Huguette de Broqueville’s Uraho? Es-tu toujours vivant (1997). It seems there is no justification for linking the context of the wars in the former Yugoslavia with the events of Rwanda. Additionally, in both cases the writers who have sought to bear witness to these conflict with their pen all come from very different backgrounds. But whether knowingly or unknowingly, all of them did seize a central issue of these recent conflicts, beyond the horror of what happened: their ambivalent nature, the fact they reflect heterogeneous, uncertain and sometimes contradictory realities. While resorting to a kind of History that is closely interwoven with a porous present time, the authors have thus imagined some forms of ‘exteriority’ that play on these possible variations, bringing them into existence. They created literary scenes that are at odds with the events of the war or the genocide they refer to. For example, Hatzfeld raises in his book Robert Mitchum ne revient pas the issue of a sports competition taking place in the midst of the siege of Sarajevo. Through the Olympic paradigm, a supranational space arises. It conflicts with the national logic of war in Bosnia. In this way, the face of war changes. By using the tools of rhetoric and their application to fictional narrative, we propose to question the implications of these narrative shifts away from the conflicts reality, whether in its political, media, cultural or even economic relevance (as it happens with Ugrešić). If most of the writers want to fight what these violent realities involve, we shall see that the literary answers they bring have sometimes a contradictory nature. Indeed, they can revive the same logical patterns that they criticize elsewhere. Despite everything, these narratives help us better understand the place occupied by fiction in our societies, whether the authors choose to focus on utopia or demystification. Basically, it is always about changing the dispositions of an otherwise essentially fictional reality. Thus, it may be possible to escape the return of the same, a continuous collapse of which we are all witnesses.
Deze studie is gebaseerd op een literair corpus bestaande uit twee delen. Het eerste luik bevat vier werken gewijd aan de oorlogen ontstaan door het uiteenvallen van Joegoslavië in de jaren 1990. Deze teksten, geschreven door Franse journalisten of (ex-) Joegoslavische ballingen, zijn: Robert Mitchum ne revient pas van Jean Hatzfeld (2013), La route du salut van Étienne de Montety (2013), Le soldat et le gramophone (Wie der Soldat das Grammofon repariert) van Saša Stanišić (2008), Le ministère de la douleur (Ministarstvo boli) van Dubravka Ugrešić (2008). Het tweede deel omvat vijf teksten die handelen over de Rwandese genocide van 1994. De werken in dit corpus van Afrikaanse, Franse en Belgische auteurs zijn: L’aîné des orphelins van Tierno Monénembo (2000), Moisson de crânes : textes pour le Rwanda van Abdourahman A. Waberi (2000), Murambi : le livre des ossements van Boubacar Boris Diop (2000), L’ombre d’Imana : voyages jusqu’au bout du Rwanda van Véronique Tadjo (2000) en tenslotte Uraho ? Es-tu toujours vivant van Huguette de Broqueville (1997). Op het eerste zicht lijkt het verband tussen de dodelijke gebeurtenissen in Ex-Joegoslavië en die in Rwanda ver te zoeken. Bovendien, of het nu voor Rwanda, de oorlog in Bosnië-Herzegovina of in Kroatië is, verwijzen de schrijvers en schrijfsters die over deze conflicten getuigen via literaire teksten, naar zeer uiteenlopende contexten. Maar allen hebben ze, bewust of onbewust, over de gruwel heen, een essentiële dimensie van deze recente conflicten weten te vatten: hun ambivalentie; het feit dat ze heterogene, onzekere en soms zelfs tegenstrijdige realiteiten weerspiegelen. Gebruik makend van de Geschiedenis die nooit volledig los raakt van de poreuze actualiteit, hebben de auteurs vormen van “exterioriteit” bedacht die deze verschillen vormgeven en zelfs benadrukken ; ze hebben ensceneringen uitgedacht die haaks staan op de gebeurtenissen van de oorlog of genocide waarnaar ze verwijzen. In Robert Mitchum ne revient pas, bijvoorbeeld, verplaatst Hatzfeld de inzet van een sportieve competitie naar het hart van het beleg van Sarajevo. Door middel van het olympisch paradigma tekent zich een supranationale ruimte die in conflict treedt met de nationale logica van de oorlog in Bosnië. De oorlog krijgt zo een nieuwe dimensie. Met behulp van de instrumenten die de retoriek toepast op het fictieve verhaal, wil dit onderzoek de implicaties van deze narratieve verschuivingen tegenover de conflicten in vraag stellen, zowel wat betreft hun politieke, culturele en zelfs economische (in casu bij Ugrešić) relevantie. We stellen vast dat schrijvers zich vaak proberen te verzetten tegen dat wat de gewelddadige realiteit op het spel zet. De antwoorden die ze aandragen zijn soms tegenstrijdig. Zo gebeurt het dat ze dezelfde logica voortzetten als diegene die ze aan de kaak stellen. Desalniettemin, laten deze teksten toe om, tussen utopie en demystificatie, de plaats van fictie in onze huidige samenleving beter te begrijpen. In feite gaat het er altijd om bepaalde aspecten van een werkelijkheid – die overigens in essentie fictief is – te veranderen, om zo misschien te voorkomen dat gelijkaardige gebeurtenissen zich opnieuw voordoen, iets waar we vandaag allen getuigen van zijn.
Olavarria, Perez Maria Inès. "Les femmes et la question du viol en temps de guerre : le viol comme arme durant le conflit en Bosnie-Herzégovine et la façon dont la solidarité et le courage des femmes ont influencé le travail et les décisions du Tribunal pénal pour l'ex-Yougoslavie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18817.
Full textBrouillet, Guilhem. "La guerre au "20 heures" : images de guerre / images de la guerre dans le journal télévisé (1954-1999)." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30040.
Full textThis work is at the junction of the military history and of the media studies. It focuses on the visual representations of the wars in the Euro-Mediterranean area, on the French TV evening news, on the public broadcasting system since it was created. We wanted to show that the nature of the images presented depends mainly on the image that the newscasters want to give of a war. In other words our hypothesis is that the presentation of the war in images is driven by an ethnocentric vision, particularly regarding the violence of such wars. Beyond this idea, by centering our reflection on the question of Power and television in France, already largely studied by Jerome BOURDON (1994), we wanted to establish that the war is a “sensitive” field which consequently pushes the leading line of the TV news close to that of the government, whatever the time. The analysis was carried out through three case studies: the Algerian war for Independence (1954-1962), the Gulf war (1991) and the disintegration of Yugoslavia (1991-1995; 1999). The analysis of the reports selected in the databases of the National institute for audiovisual (INA) validate our hypothesis, particularly regarding the special treatment of the French Army in operation. Moreover, further comparative analyses of other conflicts highlighted the existence of a rupture in the information, in the same way that the comparison with the foreign TV news, particularly in the US, allowed us to record a French specificity in the way “of showing the war”, but also a similarity: war remains a “sensitive” matter. The media coverage of a war thus remains a strategic element which feeds the discussion on the limits of democracy
Masson, Diane. "L'utilisation de la guerre dans la construction des systèmes politiques en Serbie et en Croatie, 1989-1995 /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38904315v.
Full textBibliogr. p. 337-345.
Kosanic, Zoran. "La désagrégation de la fédération yougoslave 1988-1992 : historique et analyse." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040169.
Full textThis research, which deals with the dissolution of the Yugoslav Federation during the critical years 1988-1992, aims at reviewing the current state of information on the subject. The violent collapse of Yugoslavia needs to be put into context in order to understand the issues at stake at the time and the roles of the various national, as well as international, stakeholders. As the consequences of the conflict can still be felt today, this topic is a controversial one and there have been many interpretations that were simply given to serve political purposes. On the contrary, this is an attempt to analyse the Yugoslav tragedy from an objective and scientific perspective. A multidisciplinary approach has deliberately been applied so as to take into account the various political, economic and social interactions that led to the conflict so as to fully cover such a highly complex topic as this
Hatto, Ronald. "Le partage du fardeau de la sécurité transatlantique : les relations franco-américaines à l'épreuve de la guerre en ex-Yougoslavie (1991-1995)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0035.
Full textThe dissertation examines the burden-sharing arrangement inside the Transatlantic Alliance. Its focus is on the Franch-American relationship during the four years of the war in the former Yugoslavia. If France had some success in bringing its American ally at its sides, thanks to the constraint of alliance effect, it was a half-tone success. Once involved the United-States took the lead leaving aside its allies, including France which was the main contributor of the international community's effort to end the conflict
Kandel, Maya. "Le Congrès américain et la désintégration de la Yougoslavie : de la chute du mur de Berlin aux accords de Dayton." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.dawsonera.com.ezpaarse.univ-paris1.fr/abstract/9782271076915.
Full textIn the summer of 1995, American policy in Bosnia suddenly shifted course : the decision by President Clinton was due to several factors, among which the vote by Congress, led by republican leader Bob Dole, of a bill to lift the embargo, with majorities sufficient to override a presidential veto if necessary. Dole, together with other members of Congress, had been involved with Yugoslavia since 1989. To understand congressional activism and its consequences, it is necessary to study the archives of Congress from 1989 to 1995, as well as the influence of ethnic lobbying, the media and public opinion. The « Yugoslav » communities in the U. S. Started to organize in 1989 to try and influence U. S. Foreign policy, and they targeted primarily their congressional representatives. The war in Bosnia then provoked an exceptional mobilization in the U. S. In favor of the Bosnian Muslims. It gave way to a new lobby, the Action Council for Peace in the Balkans, which chose early on Congress as its primary target and the lifting of the embargo as its objective. This mobilization is inseparable from the specific character of the mediatization of the Bosnian war, itself linked to the numerous journalists on the ground in Bosnia, the comparison between ethnic cleansing and the Holocaust, and the fact that all actors hired public relations firms to promote their views. American congressmen, constantly campaigning as they are, were sensitive to all of these factors. This dissertation offers a new angle : the view from Congress on the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the war in Bosnia
Tardy, Thierry. "La France et la force de protection des Nations unies en ex-Yougoslavie : enjeux et leçons d'une opération de maintien de la paix." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131009.
Full textBetween 1992 and 1995, france played a major role within the united nations protection force (unprofor) in former yugoslavia, the most important "peacekeeping operation" set up by the united nations. In addition to the deployment of troops, france played an important political role in the process leading to the creation of the unprofor as well as in the definition and the implementation of the mandate. Through this contribution, france wanted to meet several requirements of her foreing policy. Her will to be a great power within the un and within the european union largely determined her policy towards the unprofor. The need to contain a conflict which was a threat to european stability was also of great importance. France tried to become the leader of the operation set up by the un, and simultaneously revealed her abilities to contribute to an important collective security operation and the limits of her influence on the conflict. In bosnia and herzegovina in particular, the humanitarian option, supported by the un and france, was unable to create the conditions for a settlement of the conflict ; on the contrary, the unprofor faced a tricky situation, in which french initiatives proved to be unsuccessful. At the same time, france refused to contemplate military action to enforce a political settlement and the withdrawal of her troops, and always chose the middle option, which was constituted by the unprofor. And if france often managed to carry her point, especially with her european partners, the outcome of the conflict did not come before the american takeover during the summer 1995, which also revealed the limits of the french policy
Landry, Tristan. "L'écriture et la discordance : la représentation de l'autre dans deux récits historiques serbe et croate." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26222.
Full textBelbenoit-Avich, Pierre. "Contribution au bilan des tribunaux pénaux internationaux pour l'Ex-Yougoslavie et le Rwanda : la responsabilité pénale internationale individuelle : les crimes de guerre." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10002.
Full textThe international criminal tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, created by the Security Council on the basis of Chapter VII, are intrusted with the responsibility to work towards peace building and security in the Balkans and the Great Lakes region. They constitute a crucial resurrection of the principle of international criminal law, fifty years after Nuremberg and Tokyo. Faced with the weakness of the legal sources, the judges had to put together a scheme in order to administer justice. Naturally, they turned down functional immunity as well as justifications connected with law authority and superior orders. Their case law follows a strict policy as for duress and state of necessity. The three configurations of joint criminal enterprise integrated by the Appeal Chamber in the TADIĆ case and the responsibilisation of superiors intend to target “true” responsibilities and to act as a deterrent at the same time. Furthermore, in order to define war crimes, the international criminal tribunals had to analyse – and affirm – the “state” of the customary international humanitarian criminalized law concerning international and internal armed conflicts. The purpose of this thesis is to emphasize the strong determination of their case law, which will inspire the International Criminal Court
Glamočak, Marina. "Processus de transition entre démocratisation et fascisation : (analyse sociologique appliquée en Croatie et en Serbie)." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0142.
Full textMasson, Diane. "La construction des systèmes politiques en Serbie et en Croatie (1989-1995) : de l'ethnification de l'espace politique à l'utilisation politique de la guerre." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0025.
Full textMorel, Jean-François. "Les tergiversations de la superpuissance : les États-Unis face à la désintégration de la Yougoslavie et la guerre en Bosnie-Herzégovine, 1990-1995." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24185/24185.pdf.
Full textCarey, Elizabeth. "L' idée de l'intérêt national américain et l'intervention politico-militaire des Etats-Unis en ex-Yougoslavie : 1991-1999." Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020034.
Full textTurcot, Christina. "Le nationalisme ethnique serbe et les conflits en ex-Yougoslavie : lecture audiovisuelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28565.
Full textThorel, Julien. "La France, la République fédérale d'Allemagne et la politique européenne de sécurité à l'épreuve de la question yougoslave." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030061.
Full textDuring the Cold War, Yugoslavia was a part of France's and Germany's security policy. The purpose of this study is to expose its bases, then to highlight the French and German policies in the first Former-Yugoslavia crisis, the first challenge for the European security policy. We analyse the bilateral convergences and divergences, the possibilities of common actions and the motives of incompatibility for a common security policy in the Balkan, until the Dayton peace agreement which put an end to the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1995
Madelain, Anne. "Une expérience française des Balkans ? : ruptures d'intelligibilité et mobilisations citoyennes face aux crises roumaine et yougoslaves (1989-1999)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01413370.
Full textThis Ph. D. Dissertation looks at the perceptions, representations, and questioning generated in France by the upheavals and crises occurring in the Balkan Peninsula between 1989 and 1999, especially by the "humanitarian" crisis in Romania after the fall of Nicolae Ceausescu and the bloody collapse of Yugoslavia. These events created the opportunity for new types of foreign political, military, media, and humanitarian operations, in which France was a major participant. Their observation and treatment produced breakdowns in intelligibility, discernible in the proliferation of pejorative, stereotyped and structured discourses essentializing the Balkans and their violence, but also in the mobilization, particularly in France, of individuals and associations who saw European causes to defend. The analysis of the temporal and conceptual frameworks of this experience in the 90's shoes the continuities that have durably influenced the perception and the knowledge of the Balkan region, such as a lack of familiarity, militant and ideological filters, and an interest in Balkan folk culture, can be explained by a French past marked by a unitary conception of the State and by a republican and universalistic culture. On the cases of the Balkans crisis from the 90's, this dissertation examines the national and transnational frameworks in which a discourse on nationhood, ethnicity, and political commitment was being reconstructed in the context of a Europe upended by the fall of Communism. Finally, it examined the connections between experience and knowledge in a time when theses connections are deeply affected
Tranca, Oana. "Recherche de modélisation du risque de diffusion des conflits ethniques : une application aux cas de l'Azerbaïdjan et de la Macédoine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26324/26324.pdf.
Full textVekic, Tiana. "Literary representations of civil wars : a comparative study of novels dealing with the Spanish civil war and the Yugoslav conflict." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0001.
Full textA civil war is a violent conflict of dramatic political and social change that becomes a historical, cultural and literary marker. It is a period when laws, history and identities are reformulated through dual processes of deconstruction and reconstruction. This makes evident the symbolic dimension of civil war violence and accentuates the unstable, precarious and malleable nature of identity constructs, ideologies and history. The fact that these rapid transformations implicate massive human suffering is perhaps what is most unsettling about civil war. A civil war is not only a pivotal moment in a nation’s history but as well on an individual level for those who live through it and have to adapt to the changing systems of values that redefine life during and after the conflict. This thesis examines how contemporary novels dealing with the Spanish Civil War and the Yugoslav conflict reflect on the human experience during these periods of chaotic and violent social transformations. The study presents a comparative analysis of the following works: Camilo José Cela’s San Camilo, 1936, Dževad Karahasan’s Sara i Serafina (Sara and Sefarina), Mercè Rodoreda’s Quanta, quanta guerra… (War, so much war), Velibor Čolić’s Chronique des oubliés (Chronicle of the forgotten), Carmen Martín Gaite’s El cuarto de atrás (The backroom), David Albahari’s Mrak (Darkness), and Javier Cercas’ Soldados de Salmanina (Soldiers of Salamis). Parting from a close study of the texts, the thesis argues that the novels represent the human dimension by focusing on ordinary people’s subjective experiences during the conflict while relegating the political and military events surrounding the civil war to the background. Such representations aspire to redeem the complexities and the significance of individual lives and of a social collective, which the civil war’s physical and symbolic violence dehumanizes, silences and obliterates
Mladenovic, Ivica. "Les intellectuels français et la destruction yougoslave : structuration d’un espace public (1991-1999)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080028.
Full textThe research topic focuses on the French intellectual field of the last decade of the 20th century, which is understood in the light of intellectual actions and representations of the process of destruction of the second Yugoslavia and the wars for its legacy. The events that occurred in Yugoslavia in the 1990s are perceived as a "affair" in the sense given by the French sociologists Luc Boltanski and Élisabeth Claverie. The main objective of this research work was therefore to answer several decisive questions based on a prosopographical approach of intellectuals, as well as to analyse their actions and representations. More precisely, the question was: a) What are the modalities and forms of intervention in the polemical space built around the "Yugoslav affair" (1991-1999); b) How is this given space structured through competition and antagonisms between individuals and groups? c) What is the logic of receiving the destruction of Yugoslavia in France? In other words: is it mainly linked to events in the former Yugoslavia or to political issues within France? Have these different representations evolved, and in what ways? d) How do the positions taken fit into the dominant balance of power in France? Have they strengthened existing structures? To answer these questions, I used the tools of political sociology, historical sociology, sociology of knowledge and sociology of intellectuals. The most important theoretical foundations have been drawn mainly from Pierre Bourdieu's field theory, Antonio Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony and Vojin Milic's theory of social functions of ideas and knowledge. As for the research methods used, I used multiple correspondence analysis, socio-historical analysis, interviews and critical discourse analysis
Paris, de Bollardiere Hervé. "Les Gens du bord : Pour une sociologie des pratiques soucieuse de l'histoire." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES024.
Full textThis thesis discusses the relationship between the dynamics of social transformation of communities of experience and the dynamics of subjectivation in the course of militant, civic or urban action, of actors emerging in different circumstances, and who try to influence their context of action.How the action of the actor engaged in a process of subjectivation to the encounter of the other makes return to his world or environment, and also to that of the other? Everything here is about borders and limits, history and memory in action. This thesis explore the work of the “les gens du bord”, passers of bright memory, passers of material and symbolic borders, throught various field materials and situations.Three types of experience with high socio-historical stakes are intrigued: that of the generations heirs of North African immigration from lower-income neighborhoods; that of anti-war activists in the former Yugoslavia; that of Roma migrants in France and that of a Romanian Rumanian activist movement.Rather than a comparative approach, it is a matter of decentering by working on their critical potential.The narrative path of this research on each of the experiences explored combines intrigue of the city and intrigue of social transformation. The decentering makes it possible to revisit the terms of the citadinity-citizenship-nationality relationship in the various fields.It is by borrowing from both urban sociology and an anthropology of the subject inspired by hermeneutics that we attempt here the experience of a sociology of practices concerned with the history, whose horizon would be to think an ecology of practices and not only an ecology of social groups
Petrović, Piroćanac Zoran. "Anatomie d'une auto-dégradation : la Serbie et l'ascension de Slobodan Milosevic (1982-1992)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0130.
Full textThis investigation includes a first phase of ascension of Milosevic, a period when he becomes the secretary of the Ligue of Communists of Belgrade(1982), till a period just before a civil war 10 ex-Yugoslavia(l992). Research is split in three parts and XVI chapters. First part, Yugoslav Communist Regime and the end of Yugoslavia (1944 -1991), deals with the origins of Yugoslav crisis, beginning with an analysis of the emergence of the titoist regime in the Central and Eastern Europe and in the Balkans, from 1945 to 1991, as a process of long duration. In the second part, Search for Serbian synthesis, we make radiography of the apparatus of the Ligue of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY), as well as the presentation of its roots (PCY). A third part, Battlefields and a beginning of the end, analyses a phenomenon of the Serb nationalism, and attempts of restoration of Serbian State, victim of federal Yugoslavia' s asphyxia. This investigation finishes with final negotiations on Kosovo, in the international political atmosphere resulting in independence of Kosovo Albanians, their geopolitical triumph. This work of research had as a goal to answer as well to the question why Serbia always turns to circle, without alternatives and where is lost this Iiberal constancy of Serbia ? Not this class, nor this system left the scene tIll today. Who was always an obstacle to this liberal option of Serbia? Why Serbia cannot become compatible with other countries of the region ?
Thibault, Simon, and Simon Thibault. "Les réformes des systèmes médiatiques de la Bosnie-Herzégovine et du Kosovo, et les approches des responsables internationaux chargés de les mettre en oeuvre." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27951.
Full textThèse en cotutelle Université Laval, Québec, Canada et Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris – 3, Paris, France.
Durant les opérations de reconstruction qui ont eu lieu à la suite des conflits en Bosnie-Herzégovine (1992-1995) et au Kosovo (1998-1999), d’importants moyens ont été déployés par des organisations internationales pour réformer les espaces médiatiques bosnien et kosovar en vue de les dépolitiser. Ces réformes visaient notamment la création d’instances de réglementation des médias et la transformation du secteur de la radiodiffusion, qui s’avérait problématique en raison de la présence de médias relayant des discours incitant leur auditoire à la haine ethnique ou religieuse. Ces initiatives en matière de réglementation des médias et de réforme du secteur de la radiodiffusion ont nécessité des investissements considérables. Elles ont aussi généré des débats animés, qui ont révélé des divergences importantes entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans ces processus de réforme. En Bosnie, par exemple, l’élaboration de la loi relative au système de radiodiffusion publique a provoqué des échanges acrimonieux entre les responsables du Bureau du Haut Représentant et l’ambassade américaine. Au Kosovo, les initiatives de réglementation de la presse kosovare menées par l’OSCE et l’ONU ont été vivement critiquées par des ONG de défense de la presse qui les associaient à de la censure. Comment expliquer ces débats qui dévoilent différentes philosophies d’intervention en matière de réforme des médias? En procédant à une étude des théories normatives de la presse et de la littérature spécialisée, nous avons élaboré deux idéaux-types : l’« approche américaine » et l’« approche ouest-européenne ». Les caractéristiques de ces deux concepts idéal-typiques nous ont permis d’analyser les données recueillies durant notre recherche, incluant 50 entrevues, dont plusieurs avec des acteurs diplomatiques qui ont été au cœur de ces processus de réforme. Ce faisant, nous avons construit quatre propositions qui dévoilent les principales conclusions avancées dans cette thèse. Nous suggérons notamment que les approches des acteurs impliqués dans les processus de réforme des médias en Bosnie et au Kosovo peuvent être éclairées par certaines normes dominantes des environnements médiatiques aux États-Unis et en Europe de l’Ouest, ce qui permet une meilleure compréhension de leurs débats et leurs divergences.
Durant les opérations de reconstruction qui ont eu lieu à la suite des conflits en Bosnie-Herzégovine (1992-1995) et au Kosovo (1998-1999), d’importants moyens ont été déployés par des organisations internationales pour réformer les espaces médiatiques bosnien et kosovar en vue de les dépolitiser. Ces réformes visaient notamment la création d’instances de réglementation des médias et la transformation du secteur de la radiodiffusion, qui s’avérait problématique en raison de la présence de médias relayant des discours incitant leur auditoire à la haine ethnique ou religieuse. Ces initiatives en matière de réglementation des médias et de réforme du secteur de la radiodiffusion ont nécessité des investissements considérables. Elles ont aussi généré des débats animés, qui ont révélé des divergences importantes entre les différents acteurs impliqués dans ces processus de réforme. En Bosnie, par exemple, l’élaboration de la loi relative au système de radiodiffusion publique a provoqué des échanges acrimonieux entre les responsables du Bureau du Haut Représentant et l’ambassade américaine. Au Kosovo, les initiatives de réglementation de la presse kosovare menées par l’OSCE et l’ONU ont été vivement critiquées par des ONG de défense de la presse qui les associaient à de la censure. Comment expliquer ces débats qui dévoilent différentes philosophies d’intervention en matière de réforme des médias? En procédant à une étude des théories normatives de la presse et de la littérature spécialisée, nous avons élaboré deux idéaux-types : l’« approche américaine » et l’« approche ouest-européenne ». Les caractéristiques de ces deux concepts idéal-typiques nous ont permis d’analyser les données recueillies durant notre recherche, incluant 50 entrevues, dont plusieurs avec des acteurs diplomatiques qui ont été au cœur de ces processus de réforme. Ce faisant, nous avons construit quatre propositions qui dévoilent les principales conclusions avancées dans cette thèse. Nous suggérons notamment que les approches des acteurs impliqués dans les processus de réforme des médias en Bosnie et au Kosovo peuvent être éclairées par certaines normes dominantes des environnements médiatiques aux États-Unis et en Europe de l’Ouest, ce qui permet une meilleure compréhension de leurs débats et leurs divergences.
During the interventions that followed the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) and in Kosovo (1998-1999), important resources were engaged by international organizations to reform the Bosnian and Kosovan media space. These reforms were aimed at the depoliticization of the media environment through the establishment of media regulatory bodies and the transformation of the broadcasting sector, which had caused concern due to the presence of propagandist media that were inciting ethnic and religious hatred. Media regulatory and broadcasting reforms implemented in Bosnia and Kosovo required significant investments. Most interestingly, these reforms caused heated debates that revealed significant differences of view among the actors involved. In Bosnia, for instance, the development of a law targeting the public broadcasting system generated a sometimes acrimonious debate between the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and the American embassy. In Kosovo, initiatives to regulate the media by the OSCE mission and the United Nations were vigorously criticized by NGOs defending freedom of the press, arguing that such measures amounted to censoring of the media. How can we explain these debates, which reveal different intervention philosophies with regards to media reforms? In light of an analysis of the normative theories of the press and of the relevant scientific literature, we have developed two ideal-types: the “American approach” and the “West-European approach”. These two concepts facilitated the analysis of the data collected during this doctoral research. The data included the information gathered from fifty interviews, many of which were conducted with policy makers and diplomats that played a key role in these reforms. The data collection and analysis, achieved through an iterative process, allowed us to develop four propositions, which reveal the main findings of this research. We suggest, among other things, that the approaches of the actors involved in the media reform processes in Bosnia and Kosovo can be explained in light of some of the media environments’ dominant norms in the United States and in Western Europe, which clarifies in turn the different perspectives of these actors and the debates that resulted.
During the interventions that followed the conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992-1995) and in Kosovo (1998-1999), important resources were engaged by international organizations to reform the Bosnian and Kosovan media space. These reforms were aimed at the depoliticization of the media environment through the establishment of media regulatory bodies and the transformation of the broadcasting sector, which had caused concern due to the presence of propagandist media that were inciting ethnic and religious hatred. Media regulatory and broadcasting reforms implemented in Bosnia and Kosovo required significant investments. Most interestingly, these reforms caused heated debates that revealed significant differences of view among the actors involved. In Bosnia, for instance, the development of a law targeting the public broadcasting system generated a sometimes acrimonious debate between the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and the American embassy. In Kosovo, initiatives to regulate the media by the OSCE mission and the United Nations were vigorously criticized by NGOs defending freedom of the press, arguing that such measures amounted to censoring of the media. How can we explain these debates, which reveal different intervention philosophies with regards to media reforms? In light of an analysis of the normative theories of the press and of the relevant scientific literature, we have developed two ideal-types: the “American approach” and the “West-European approach”. These two concepts facilitated the analysis of the data collected during this doctoral research. The data included the information gathered from fifty interviews, many of which were conducted with policy makers and diplomats that played a key role in these reforms. The data collection and analysis, achieved through an iterative process, allowed us to develop four propositions, which reveal the main findings of this research. We suggest, among other things, that the approaches of the actors involved in the media reform processes in Bosnia and Kosovo can be explained in light of some of the media environments’ dominant norms in the United States and in Western Europe, which clarifies in turn the different perspectives of these actors and the debates that resulted.
Stanishev, George. "La liberté tragique de la périphérie intérieure. Comment se particularise l’universalisme soviétique dans huit pays socialistes RPS d’Albanie, RP de Bulgarie, RP de Pologne, RD Allemande, RS de Roumanie, RP de Hongrie, RS Tchécoslovaque, RFS de Yougoslavie (1945 - 1989)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1049.
Full textRaising the Iron Curtain that characterized the great divisions of the second half of the twentieth century, the research focuses on the geographical and cultural space of eight socialist countries – which we address via the oxymoron of the "inner periphery", – located in the topological center of the Cold War, between the USSR and the Western world, and historically belonging to the two competing ideological systems. The cultural processes that develop within this "inner periphery" reveal the internal struggle between several conceptual vectors shedding some light at the same time on the the universal Soviet model and its strategy of generalization, on the aims of nationalist particularisms and their conservative expressions, and on the idealization of the singular, as an emancipatory project.By observing the conflicts between the universal and the particular, and between the general and the singular, our thesis seeks to unveil two discursive phenomena: the incorporation of the national particular at the heart of communist modernization and the neutralization of the particular national project within the general paradigm of global modernism. In other words, through these two hypotheses we observe the confusion of two ideological programs – the universalist project of communism and the particularistic project of nationalism. From this struggle between the particular and the universal emerges a third hypothesis: the quest for the singular within the universal and its understanding as an alternative emancipatory ideal.Our research shows in the final account that the "inner periphery" carries its own utopia – the illusory project that it could become in its turn an autonomous center – and by these means, it adopts a program leading to its own disintegration. Blinded by its geopolitical Oedipus, it would accept every possible compromise in the quest for a recognition on the “world stage”. In this manner, the cult of the local specificity of the 1970s and 1980s, dismantling the communist modernist project for cultural homogeneity, annihilates practically the possibility of a universal aesthetic language of socialist architecture.Hence, the specificity of Soviet communism enters into the beginning of its decline the day after the ending of the Second World War, revealing the whole period as a succession of political efforts to legitimize the national regimes. Paradoxically, thus, going through the Stalinist culture of imposed generalization, then facing problem of the indistinction of post-Stalinist socialist modernism and culminating in the limited freedom of national specificity, the "inner periphery" loses the reason for its own singular existence and becomes again a weak periphery in the context of post-communist world liberalism
Bélanger, Mélisande. "L'influence de l'occidentalisation en Bosnie-Herzégovine sur les conflits dans cette région entre 1875 et 1995 /." 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=766799331&sid=23&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text