Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre du Mali (2012-....)'
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Traore, Bakary. "Conflit au nord du Mali : traitement médiatique par les hebdomadaires français de 1990 à 2010." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020015.
Full textSince independence, in 1960, Mali, in its Northern part, (the three administrative regions: Timbuktu, Gao and Kidal), has faced on going insecurity, across the vast Sahara desert. The Tuareg community, deeply rooted in their nomadic culture, have long dreamt of forming an independent state in the border area between Mali, Niger and Algeria. The Malian state has always opposed their irredentist claim, which counters national unityand territorial integrity. From 1990 to 2010, the process to implement peace agreements was punctuated by actions of rebels. From abroad, the French weeklies provide incomplete and biased information about this security phenomenon. Most of the time,this media coverage ignores daily realities, peace and development actions, and favourssecurity developments, attacks and reprisals between rebels and regular army. In such circumstances, it is of utmost importance for the medias to give all available information. Through my research, I thus intend to high light the gap between the coverage by the French weeklies of the conflict in the North of Mali and the ground realities, from 1990 and 2010
Keita, Mohamed Ousmane. "Recherche sur la transition politique et économique au Mali : l'État inachevé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/droit/2016/2016_These_Mohamed_Ousmane_KEITA.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is both critical and pragmatic. A criticism of Mali’s recent history read in the light of the tools provided by the legal analysis, sociology and anthropology of law. This critical intent led to examine the history of Mali’s origins in a genetic perspective that has been detailed in the prolegomena. Pragmatic, the thesis puts forward proposals related to the concrete situation of Mali, along the lines of a deregulation of consciences and the re-introduction of constitutive standards into the Malian Republic. The language analysis proved valuable in meeting these two requirements. They also enabled to identify some shortcomings in legal dogma generally more anxious to graft prefabricated concepts onto African realities, rather than capture these realities with their nuances as close as possible. It therefore seemed appropriate to analyze the strategies of ordinary actors of the Malian political society. The consideration of the concepts handled by these latter accounts for the use of indigenous languages. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of Mali’s chaotic development in the aftermath of the relinquishment of the fathers’ project of independence under the double pressure of economic constraints and cultural determinants. The second part draws the relevant consequences from the point of view of constitutional theory. Thus, the thesis concludes with the proposal for reform of the system of African Unity based, upon as all the above, Bambara language’s saying : “Sleeping on the mat of others is like sleeping on the floor
Keita, Mohamed Ousmane. "Recherche sur la transition politique et économique au Mali : l'État inachevé." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0107.
Full textThis thesis is both critical and pragmatic. A criticism of Mali’s recent history read in the light of the tools provided by the legal analysis, sociology and anthropology of law. This critical intent led to examine the history of Mali’s origins in a genetic perspective that has been detailed in the prolegomena. Pragmatic, the thesis puts forward proposals related to the concrete situation of Mali, along the lines of a deregulation of consciences and the re-introduction of constitutive standards into the Malian Republic. The language analysis proved valuable in meeting these two requirements. They also enabled to identify some shortcomings in legal dogma generally more anxious to graft prefabricated concepts onto African realities, rather than capture these realities with their nuances as close as possible. It therefore seemed appropriate to analyze the strategies of ordinary actors of the Malian political society. The consideration of the concepts handled by these latter accounts for the use of indigenous languages. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of Mali’s chaotic development in the aftermath of the relinquishment of the fathers’ project of independence under the double pressure of economic constraints and cultural determinants. The second part draws the relevant consequences from the point of view of constitutional theory. Thus, the thesis concludes with the proposal for reform of the system of African Unity based, upon as all the above, Bambara language’s saying : “Sleeping on the mat of others is like sleeping on the floor
Lahouiou, Meriem. "Constructions identitaires de jeunes musulmans de Bamako en périodes de crises nationales (1990-2012) : une jeunesse en quête de représentativité dans un paysage religieux pluriel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33297.
Full textL’étude de l’implication de la jeunesse malienne dans la sphère religieuse en période de crises nationales dévoile l’ampleur de son champ d’intervention dans le projet de société dont se sont dotés les acteurs musulmans au cours des deux dernières décennies. Centrée sur l’action des associations musulmanes, cette approche permet de saisir les interactions entre les représentants religieux et l’État, les leaders religieux et leurs adhérents, et finalement les divergences idéologiques qui traversent la sphère religieuse. Bien qu’imprégnés de tensions et de querelles, les discours des leaders religieux, récupérés par la jeunesse musulmane, sont porteurs d’un projet commun de remoralisation de la société malienne.
Ly, Birama Apho. "Prévalence et facteurs associés aux données manquantes des registres de consultations médicales des médecins des centres de santé communautaires de Bamako." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28555/28555.pdf.
Full textObjective This study aims to estimate the prevalence of missing data in the medical consultation registries held by physicians working in Bamako community health Centers (COMHC) and to identify the factors which predict physicians’ intention to collect completely the data in their registries, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Method A exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted, including a random sample of 3072 medical consultations and 32 physicians. Data were collected between January and February 2011 through a standardized extraction form and a questionnaire measuring physicians’ sociodemographic and professional characteristics as well as constructs from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Descriptive statistics, correlations and linear regression were performed. Results All the variables contained in the medical consultations registries have missing data. However, only four variables (symptom, diagnosis, treatment and observation) have a high prevalence of missing data. The variable observation has the highest prevalence with 95.6% of missing data. Physician’s intention to collect completely the data is predicted by their subjective norm and the number of years of practice. Conclusion The results of this study should contribute to advance knowledge on the prevalence of missing data and possible strategies to improve the quality of health information collected from the CSCOM. This information can possibly allow to better inform the decisions concerning resource allocation.
Diawara, Moise. "Contribution des organisations non gouvernementales au développement social et économique du Mali : période 1960-2012." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2084.
Full textThe economic difficulties faced by Mali can't be seriously combatted without taking into account socio-cultural parameters of beneficiaries of development projects because they have achievements that can be triggering factors or obstacles to any process of local development.Humanitarian aid is at the crossroads of the generosity of its members and the lack of political action in a country. Mali can't be at the margin and find itself in a socio-economic and political situation that requires outside support to resolve its various existential and economic issues.In this context, NGOs have become the operators of development, almost instead of the State in Mali.The results of this situation seem mixed; hence the feeling of a great deal of energy for poor results? Why do Malians have difficulties in taking over the concept of development (economic and social)?In the current situation, we are facing difficulties to understand development issues, while NGOs and their foreign partners act and define their actions from stereotyped views.Mali has been influenced externally since colonialism (colonialism under French influence, socialism under Chinese influence, liberalism under the influence of the World Bank and international institutions such as the IMF), which prevented it from conceiving a specific development model according to its cultural references.These factors, combined with environmental and climatic factors, keep populations in a state of poverty and classify Mali according to the United Nations Human Development Index 2012 to 175th out of 182 world levels, despite the available resources. According to the same source, data from the World Bank indicate that the national gross income per capita is US $ 649 or 616 euros. Poverty is defined by two dimensions: material poverty and poverty in terms of social relations. Formerly as today (see UNDP report from 3 to 4 June 1999), all external observers are struck by the rich social relationships between people in Mali.This fertile ground encourages the intervention of NGOs and allows them to carry out concrete actions (infrastructures, advisory support) badly needed by the populations. However, in their intervention, they do not often take into account the complexity of socio-cultural models, their impact and, above all, the appropriation of achievements by the inhabitants which are often rejected because they don't stick with their social context.Thus, the development process in Mali may be hampered by the heavy weight of the culture.The socialization of children takes place in 3 steps from 0 to 16 years. Its content refers to the vision of a human in the Malian culture, but differs in part according to the specificities of the group of belonging. It ultimately produces an individual who is partly free, partly enrolled in a social body in which he must play the role assigned to him. Becoming an adult means taking his place in the close family, in his extended family, in his village, his people of belonging, according to complex and precise cultural criteria.These are the parameters that make up the models imposed on the Malian individual while participating in development initiatives. If he tries to improve his educational level, to improve his economic situation, the goal is to play a better role in a "traditional" setting, between determinism and freedom.But often, when NGOs intervene in education or local development, they do not have in mind the subtleties of socialization of children and the possible interactions with the school course.In other words, when they promote economic projects, they remain unrelated to the questions regarding who is locally in charge of these projects (depending on the place of each other in the social and family order).The Malian individual himself is not in a position to overcome this context, to stand back to analyze it and modify it
Touré, Fodé Saliou. "L’appui du Canada au processus de gouvernance démocratique au Mali (2006 – 2012) - Motivations ambiguës et résultats mitigés." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35012.
Full textPalé, Titi Eri Aramatou. "Une anthropologie sociale des victimes de la guerre civile ivoirienne (2002-2012) : témoignages, accompagnement et initiatives des femmes déplacées." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080003.
Full textIn this PhD dissertation, displaced women victims of the Cote d’Ivoire civil war (2002-2011) are observed in the social anthropology prism. The ethnographic perspective is here adopted: the points in the heart of this dissertation are biography and victims history narrated by themselves. The first part describes the context, the framework, the aim of the research (chapter 1), the fieldwork and main lines characterizations of the case study (chapter 2). In chapter 3, we examines the agricultural dependency of economy, describing the long-time construction/disaggregation of social order, from French colonization (XIXst century) to the eruption of civil war (2002). The second part presents and evaluates the institutional management of displaced women, victims of civil war. In chapter 4, we analyse what the concept of displaced victim is, describing public statistics, civil society approach, methods and limits. Specifically, the case of displaced women is observed (chapter 5). Focusing on public and civil society help, we evaluate these care systems. The third part is the ethnography of displaced women victims of the civil war and self-reconstruction. Based on data from fieldwork interviews, chapter 6 related victims’ narrations on their trajectories, and war time life. Chapter 7 proposes an anthropology of social dismisses and self-reconstruction of women victims or fall, out of state views
Ouallet, Anne. "- Parcours, HDR, vol. 1, août 2012 - Encadrements et mobilisations dans les villes africaines du patrimoine : l'exemple du religieux, HDR, vol. 2, août 2012 - Recueil de publications, HDR, vol. 3, août 2012." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927081.
Full textLessard, Caroline. "L'expérience de guerre en Afghanistan de trois fantassins canadiens et leur retour au pays." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29380/29380.pdf.
Full textPalé, Titi Eri Aramatou. "Une anthropologie sociale des victimes de la guerre civile ivoirienne (2002-2012) : témoignages, accompagnement et initiatives des femmes déplacées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080003.
Full textIn this PhD dissertation, displaced women victims of the Cote d’Ivoire civil war (2002-2011) are observed in the social anthropology prism. The ethnographic perspective is here adopted: the points in the heart of this dissertation are biography and victims history narrated by themselves. The first part describes the context, the framework, the aim of the research (chapter 1), the fieldwork and main lines characterizations of the case study (chapter 2). In chapter 3, we examines the agricultural dependency of economy, describing the long-time construction/disaggregation of social order, from French colonization (XIXst century) to the eruption of civil war (2002). The second part presents and evaluates the institutional management of displaced women, victims of civil war. In chapter 4, we analyse what the concept of displaced victim is, describing public statistics, civil society approach, methods and limits. Specifically, the case of displaced women is observed (chapter 5). Focusing on public and civil society help, we evaluate these care systems. The third part is the ethnography of displaced women victims of the civil war and self-reconstruction. Based on data from fieldwork interviews, chapter 6 related victims’ narrations on their trajectories, and war time life. Chapter 7 proposes an anthropology of social dismisses and self-reconstruction of women victims or fall, out of state views
Sidibe, Mariame. "Une approche sociopolitique de la question des réfugiés dans la crise de l'Etat au Mali : Cas des réfugiés maliens de la région de Tillabéri au Niger." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0078/document.
Full textIn 2012, Mali experienced a conflict that was unprecedented even in a string of rebellious movements by the Touareg population since the country’s independence. The ensuing crisis has not yet been resolved. The reconstruction of the state and the return of the displaced and refugee populations of Mali are at the heart of the post-conflict problem. These two issues are related and have affected each other for a long time. The failure and weakness of the Malian state, which was not considered fragile before 2012, is one of the causes of forced migration of northern populations. The crisis since 2012 can be interpreted as the crisis of the Malian state: a crisis of legitimacy, effectiveness, and efficiency. By studying the trajectory of Malian refugees in the camps of Abala and Tabarey-barey in Niger; by decrypting the conditions laid down for their return, we can draw "in hollow" a "need of State" material and symbolic, expressed more or less consciously by the refugees. However, the process of reconstruction of the Malian state, conditioned by the temporality and modalities of the exit from the conflict, shaped by the internal and external power relations, sketches a completely different state reality
Cloutier-Roy, Christophe. "Du New Deal à la Guerre froide, 1933-1947 : Étude du discours anticommuniste à la Chambre des représentants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29187/29187.pdf.
Full textSavane, Lamine. "Le renouveau des élites politiques au Mali : Sociologie des élites parlementaires maliennes de l'avènement de la démocratie à nos jours (1992-2012)." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10059.
Full textThe Malian political elite's “sociography” remains unexplored. This thesis based on the elite's sociology, aims at studying the Malian parliamentary elites' careers from 1992 to 2012.Its goal is to study the MPS' social background.In this study we assert that the Malian political field is the result of a political hybridisation stemming from the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial History. This hybridisation also highlights the weight of lineage, the promotion of vote-catching opportunism of self-made men who constantly reshuffle the voters' registration card in the multiparty political regime of the post-dictatorial era. Thus, the MPS' legitimacy is akin to a dual legitimacy, both “traditional” and “modern”. This legitimacy lies mainly on the resources available for the members of parliament, namely the social background (family and territorial) and the position in Malian society (social status, occupation, level of education).In order to complete this political picture of the Malian parliamentary elite, we intend through this paper to stress the “professionalization abilities” of members of parliament to turn their social peculiarities (social background, social wealth) into political resources (electoral clientele).In order to achieve that, institutional analysis remains insufficient to account for the recruiting of that parliamentary elite. The blending of party sociology, occupations, roles (local or national) and networks underlines the political bias and professionalization of MPS. By analyzing the reality of multiparty in Mali in a different political and socio- cultural background, this research strengthens the concepts of political sociology linked to a peculiar democratic process. Political competition , which basically rests upon political parties, cannot suffice to account for this professionalization process. One must also consider other unbiased players who, through parallel channels, manage to adopt and interiorize the political field's codes
Robic-Diaz, Delphine. "La guerre d'Indochine dans le cinéma français (1945-2006) : image(s) d'un trou de mémoire." Paris 3, 2007. http://books.openedition.org/pur/91438.
Full textThe Indochina War is not merely the topic of several movies directed by former soldiers who enrolled in the “Army movie department” (Service cinématographique des armées) such as Pierre Schoenderffer or Claude Bernard-Aubert. For more than half a century, it has also been a mass phenomenon which tenuous but recurring presence can be felt in French fictions from all genres directed by such acclaimed filmmakers as Louis Malle, Claude Chabrol, Georges Lautner, Pierre Granier-Deferre, Yves Boisset, Gérard Corbiau, Bertrand Tavernier, Régis Wargnier, etc. The Indochina War is never clearly expressed in these films but it is never totally hushed as if it were a kind of cinematic repressed always attempting to return onscreen. As a cinematic blank mind, this conflict has been turned into a myth inherited from colonial cinema and renewed by the stakes of postcolonial representations. The many references to the Indochina War are thus often cryptic and always haunting. They point at a lapse or at a lack not only for the characters who tend to stigmatize this War (Indochina veterans) but also within the narratives that allude to it without staging it. To paraphrase the title of a book by Paul Ricoeur, the representation of the Indochina War in French cinema may be the perfect example of a potential link between History and Memory through Forgetfulness/Forgetting
Dembele, Issouf Célestin. "Étude préliminaire du potentiel de multiplication par bouturage de l'Anogeissus Leiocarpus (DC) Guill. et Perr. au Mali : Influence de l'état physiologique des boutures et des régulateurs de croissance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28765/28765.pdf.
Full textChéron, Bénédicte. "Le cinéma de Pierre Schoendoerffer, entre fiction et histoire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040023.
Full textPierre Schoendoerffer burst into the media landscape in 1965 with La 317ème section (The 317th platoon), a film about a local auxiliary platoon at the end of the First Indochina War. In his next works, till the last one Là-haut – a movie released in 2004 –, the movie maker carried on a tale from Indochina to Algerian, from Vietnam at war to the Arctic Seas. Thus, the destiny of a whole generation has been screened by Pierre Schoendoerffer : officers who were in their teens during the Occupation have become men in Indochina War and, as such, faced decisive choices in Algerian. While no national mythe really emerged during this period, his work takes a special meaning. The very development of the director’s art fascinates critics as well as the audience: war led Pierre Schoendoerffer (he was born in 1928) to cinema as he was a cameraman for the Service Presse-Information des Armées en Indochine, i.e. the Military Information Department in Indochina, in 1952. Captured in Dien Bien Phu, he pledged above all those who were killed around him to testimony. The way his work was welcome and understood is a good illustration of how memory on decolonization evolved. Pierre Schoendoerffer’s cinema undoubtedly reached its audience, even though some movies happened to meet a lesser/minor success. In the context of lack of representations of Indochina War, and while Algerian War remained an open wound in the imagined community, his fresque contributed to build a mythology
Barry, Ibrahima. "Le Royaume de Bandiagara : 1864-1893 : le pouvoir, le commerce et le Coran dans le Soudan nigérian au 19ème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0038.
Full textIn the first half of the nineteenth century in west sudan an islamic movement was born and developped. In masina particulary, seku amadu built a very modern islamic state, the dina, like the modern states of today. But in 1862, alhaji umar, another leader of islamic jihad, fought the masina califate. At alhaji umar's death in 1864, in degimbere, his nephew tidiani succeeded to him. Tidiani fought the fulani of masina and the kuntas of tumbouctou, twenty years ago, to impose his power on this country. He is the founder of bandiagara kingdom
Chéron, Bénédicte. "Le cinéma de Pierre Schoendoerffer, entre fiction et histoire." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040023.
Full textPierre Schoendoerffer burst into the media landscape in 1965 with La 317ème section (The 317th platoon), a film about a local auxiliary platoon at the end of the First Indochina War. In his next works, till the last one Là-haut – a movie released in 2004 –, the movie maker carried on a tale from Indochina to Algerian, from Vietnam at war to the Arctic Seas. Thus, the destiny of a whole generation has been screened by Pierre Schoendoerffer : officers who were in their teens during the Occupation have become men in Indochina War and, as such, faced decisive choices in Algerian. While no national mythe really emerged during this period, his work takes a special meaning. The very development of the director’s art fascinates critics as well as the audience: war led Pierre Schoendoerffer (he was born in 1928) to cinema as he was a cameraman for the Service Presse-Information des Armées en Indochine, i.e. the Military Information Department in Indochina, in 1952. Captured in Dien Bien Phu, he pledged above all those who were killed around him to testimony. The way his work was welcome and understood is a good illustration of how memory on decolonization evolved. Pierre Schoendoerffer’s cinema undoubtedly reached its audience, even though some movies happened to meet a lesser/minor success. In the context of lack of representations of Indochina War, and while Algerian War remained an open wound in the imagined community, his fresque contributed to build a mythology
Dembélé, Issouf Célestin. "Étude préliminaire du potentiel de multiplication par bouturage de l'Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. et Perr. au Mali : influence de l'état physiologique des boutures et des régulateurs de croissance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23568.
Full textShtembari, Arber. "Après la guerre : Mobilisations et luttes pour la reconnaissance. Contribution à une analyse sociohistorique de la construction de l'Etat au Kosovo (1945-2012)." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0057.
Full textThis thesis examines jointly, the mobilizations and the classification struggles of the post-war groups in Kosovo after 1999, focusing on the access procedures toward their legal and legitimate recognition. It also analyzes the State formation process in Kosovo and the production of its symbolic forms of consecration. Two main contributions of this work are: First, it highlights a number of issues on post-war groups formation, identification, lifestyles and definition (civils victims, war veterans, war prisoners, families of missing persons, etc.) needing reflection and it questions the conventional wisdom. Second, it examines the complex relationships between the symbolic domination work of the State in Kosovo and the struggles of post-war groups in freeing from their social condition
Sambou, Christian. "Les conflits armés ouest-africains : Sénégal, Mali et Côte-d'Ivoire. Lecture des guerres pour la reconnaissance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASU013.
Full textThe thesis we propose focuses on "West African armed conflicts: Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast". We contribute to analyze these conflicts toward a new perspective of "wars for recognition".Our research brings two major innovations to the field of internal armed conflicts study. Through case studies, we explore several problems, first the manifestation of these conflicts. We have thus devoted particular interest to distinguish forms of political violence - secessionist violence, opportunistic violence - that characterize conflicts whose interpretation has remained homogenous. Such an approach has allowed us to demonstrate the diversity of rebel movements violence's motivations against central governments. We analyze secessionist violence in Casamance (Senegal) and Azawad (Mali), which we distinguish from rebel violence for the conquest of central power in Côte d'Ivoire, conceptualized as "opportunistic violence”.Second, we propose a new and critical reading of these conflicts by arguing that rebel movements engage in war for the recognition of equal dignity within the state. This commitment is made in the name of social groups with which they identify and which evolve in territories whose independence and/or autonomy they claim. The thesis of wars for recognition is applicable to the cases of armed conflict in Senegal and Mali.We consider the armed conflicts that oppose rebel movements to the central government as effects of symbolic violence. Frustration, denial of autonomy, lack of empathy, denial of civil rights are sources of conflict. The violent behavior of rebel movements is analyzed as characteristic of a war for recognition. Our reading of the conflicts opens a critical view regarding a classical framework dominated by economist and rationalist paradigms
Delanoë, Igor. "La flotte de la Mer noire, de Catherine II à Vladimir Poutine : un outil de puissance au service des ambitions méditerranéennes de la Russie, 1783-2012." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE2034.
Full textSince Peter the Great, Russia has sought to gain an access to warm waters. Today, after the 1990’s, Russia intends to build up its role on the Mediterranean stage. Vladimir Putin has displayed his willingness to give Russia the means to be a Mediterranean power in order to deal with security issues of 21st century. We consider the Russian Black Sea Fleet, from its creation by Catherine the Great, to Vladimir Putin, as a tool at the service of the protection and promotion of the Russian interests in the Mediterranean. The Black Sea has been the Russian window on its southern flank and on warm waters, and has gained a strategic interest in Russian geopolitics. Nevertheless, since the break up of the Soviet Union, Moscow has reassessed its role in the Black Sea region, facing western challengers and security and energy concerns in Caucasus. The study of naval shipyards and the analysis of Russian naval policies since the end of 18th century reveal the elements on which Russian Mediterranean ambitions rely on
Martel, Dominique. "Une offre de bons offices et une opération de relations publiques : Les responsables politiques canadiens face à la course aux armements, 1979-1984." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28998/28998.pdf.
Full textSadler, Nadine. "Albert Camus et son engagement dans la Résistance : étude des valeurs éthiques défendues dans Combat, Lettres à un ami allemand et La Peste." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29161/29161.pdf.
Full textDumas, Hélène. "Juger le génocide sur les collines : une étude des procès gacaca au Rwanda (2006-2012)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0040.
Full textBased on an analysis of gacaca trials recordings, the thesis aims to reconstruct the mechanisms of the execution of the 1994 genocide of the Rwandan Tutsi at a micro-local level. The narratives of the experiences of the different actors, called together within a totally new judicial scene, where judges themselves are survivors or eye-witnesses to the events, form the core material of this work, which first explores the conditions of the elaboration of the testimonies, and then analyses their content. Rooted in the social and emotional worlds, the gacaca tribunals reveal the intimacy of the massacres, carried out in the heart of the vicinities of hills and neighbourhoods. The confessions of the killers, as well as the other narratives unfolding through the audiences, unveil the diversity and the complexity of the forms of engagement in the violence, making it possible to give an account of the fulgurating efficiency of the 1994 spring massacres. At the same time, the trials render the experiences of survival, at the moment of the event, and in the aftermath. For survivors, « that time» of the genocide (icyo gihe) represents the time of the cruel reversal of the neighbourhood, and sometimes, of their family. For the killers, on the other hand, the time of the massacres belongs to the continuity of the time of the war, off arming work or of cabaret sociability. The narrative of the micro-local history of the killings relies on a critical examination and on a long-term perspective of social actors' accounts, such as they were unfolded during the trials in their original language, kinyarwanda
Calvo, Thomas. "Governance, Peace and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa : Microeconomic interaction and impacts Fear of the state in governance surveys? Empirical evidence from African countries Fear Not For Man? Armed conflict and social capital in Mali." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLD009.
Full textThis dissertation in applied development microeconomics centres on Sustainable Development Goal 16 which “promote[s] just, peaceful and inclusive societies”. This work aims at studying the interactions and effects of Governance, Peace and Security through the analysis of first-hand and high-quality household survey data in SubSaharan Africa. It is built around two lines of research. The first line of research is cross-cutting and methodological: it questions the reliability of the data used. Indeed, public organisations, namely National Statistics Offices, administer the surveys and collect information of sensitive nature (dealing with respect of fundamental rights, democracy, corruption among other things). Results show no systematic self-censorship or attenuation bias from adults surveyed by NSOs compared with adults surveyed by independent organisations. We provide evidence of the capacity and legitimacy of government-related organisations to collect data on governance, at much higher levels of precision than other existing data sources. The second line of research focuses on the impacts of violence in two African countries. On the one hand, we study the impacts of political violence on social capital since 2012 in the case of the Malian conflict. The increased association participation in areas exposed to violent events cannot be considered as positive. Indeed, it is observed solely for family and political associations, which are comparatively inward-looking and act as interest groups. We interpret this finding as a form of withdrawal behind group or community boundaries which may exacerbate ethnic divisions and deepen the conflict. On the other hand, I study how workers of the informal labour market cope with criminal violence in Madagascar. Although victims of criminality seem not to adopt different behaviours on the labour market, the fear of crime impact productivity negatively, particularly in the agricultural sector. Fearful workers become more vulnerable to shock occurrence. Adults’ fear of criminal violence also channels to under 15 household members whose participation on the labour market increases
Meng, Jin. "Contributions de la Chine et de la Francophonie dans la consolidation de la paix en Afrique Francophone : les cas du Mali, de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Sénégal." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3039.
Full textPeace and security in Africa both condition the durability of Sino-African cooperation, a reason for concern to the member-states of IOF. Recurring conflicts hinder the take-off of African countries, and demand the commitment of international actors of various kinds, nation states as well as IGOs. China and IOF both contribute to the peace process in French-speaking Africa in different ways. Beyond the gap in their respective visions as well as their approaches, thinking should be elaborated about complementarities in peace-building, the multi-dimensional characteristics of which require involvement by diverse actors.The peace-building process provides a relevant prism for studying changes in Chinese diplomacy, and the specific features of IOF as a transnational organization. Submitting them to mutual scrutiny gives us keener insights on the peculiarities and similarities in their perceptions and operative mechanisms.How China and IOF do they engage in the peace-building? How do they approach the notions of peace and conflicts in their own representations? How do the Africans perceive their respective approaches? This inquiry is correlated to the best of Chinese thinking and Western theoretical trends, without forgetting African realities and expectations as evidenced through our field interviews
非洲和平与安全问题是中非合作持久发展的前提条件,也是法语国家组织成员国的共同忧患。反复爆发的冲突成为非洲国家崛起的障碍。这使民族国家和国际组织积极介入其中。中国和法语国家组织以不同方式为非洲法语国家和平进程作出贡献。建设和平的多维性需要不同行为体的介入, 它们的视角和方案虽有所差别,但我们有必要对其政策的互补性进行研究。建设和平不仅为我们的研究提供了观察中国外交政策演变的独特视角,而且充分体现了法语国家组织作为跨国际组织的特殊性。通过中国与法语国家组织的换位分析,我们能更有效地审视它们认知层面和行动机制的特点,同时凸显出两者的共通之处。非洲国家冲突的根源有哪些?建设和平的关键是什么?中国和法语国家组织如何介入其中 ? 它们怎样解读和平与冲突的概念?如何看待民主与发展的关联性?如何定义在非洲法语国家建设和平政策的重点?非洲政府与民众对其政策有何看法?为了思考这些问题,我们以中国传统与现代思想和西方理论流派为分析工具,以非洲实地采访作为研究支撑,进行深入探讨。
Lafaye, Christophe. "Le génie en Afghanistan : adaptation d'une arme en situation de contre-insurrection (2001-2012) : hommes, matériels, emploi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1041.
Full textThis doctoral research takes part on the study of the new conflicts, by taking the example of the French engineers in Afghanistan. We postulate for the big importance of these combat support units in situation of counterinsurgency
Morabbi, Safa. "La mémoire de la guerre dans le roman contemporain de langue française : discontinuité et dislocation narratives dans les œuvres d’Henry Bauchau, d’Andrée Chedid et d’Anna Moï." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0117.
Full textThe present research considers some aspects of dislocated writing under the influence of the memory of war in the contemporary French-language novel. The study favours a narratological approach in three novels: Anna Moï's Riz noir, Andrée Chedid's Le Message and Henry Bauchau's Le Boulevard périphérique. The choice of this corpus gives an overview of three different wars that occurred in the world. However, our study focuses on the tragic impact of war in general on three novels that, albeit being from the extreme-contemporary and coming from different nations, remind the twentieth century. This study aims to analyze how the authors succeed in transmitting the trauma of war, which raises the issues of discontinued and dislocated writing llustrating the hesitations or even the obsessions of an intermittent memory. In the first part, the thesis will focus mainly on the socio-historical changes of the turn of the 21st century and on the perception of a fragmented world, especially in the novel. The second and third parts, mostly emphasizing on narratological aspects, analyze the considered novels as memorial writings and examine the phenomena of a discontinued temporality as well as dislocated space in the composition of the three novels. The fourth part will present an overview of the composition of the novels and will examine the unifying processes ensuring the coherence of the novel. It will focus on the world of values present in the three studied novels evoking the axiological aspects of the novels and their ethical dimension towards war in order to give the reader the idea of a coherent reconstruction of a tragic History
Dreyer, Sylvain. "L' engagement critique et la Révolution des autres textes et films, des années 60 aux années 80." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070075.
Full textWe suggest in this work to compare the respective strategies of the writing and the cinema which appear within works concerning the revolutionary fights, from the 60s to the 80s, mostly the Cuban revolution, the war of Vietnam and the Palestinians resistance. Our corpus is composed by what we call the "critical commitment works": the texts of Jean Genet and the films of Jean-Luc Godard, Agnès Varda and Chris Marker. We also approach works of fiction which show a documentary slope, in particular the films of Godard of the second half of the sixties and some theatre plays by Armand Gatti. We evoke also certain documents realized for informative or militant purpose (articles, reports, essays, films), which claim a subjective glance (Henri Alleg, Pierre Guyotat, Michèle Ray), which refuse the dogmatism (Sartre) or which emphasize aspects who are not directly political (Madeleine Riffaud). What is the specificity of the "critical commitment works" ? These seize a conflict or a war in a purpose of commitment, while including a critical and artistic dimension: critical as far as they question the possibilities and the properties of the ideological speech, by examining texts and movies of the fighting countries, and artistic as far as they show an intention of renewing the representations. Our work proposes three moments: the characteristics of the critical testimony, the rhetoric of criticism, and the invention of a political poetics
Mohand-Amer, Amar. "La crise du front de libération nationale de l'été 1962 : indépendance et enjeux de pouvoirs." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070012.
Full textThe FLN's crisis in the summer of 1962 was the logical result of the changes that it had undergone since its creation in the autumn of 1954. During the seven and half years of the armed conflict, serious discords had brewed within the organization. Once the goal of Independence had been achieved, the race for control of the country became another war to win for many of the leaders of the FLN or ALN (National Liberation Army). Chronologically, it was the suspension of the National Council of the Algerian Revolution's (CNRA) fifth and last session in Tripoli, during the night between June 5th and 6th 1962, that marked the beginning of the crisis, which ceased on September 5th, when the FLN's political bureau (BP) and the 4th Wilâya's council declared a ceasefire. The crisis of the summer of 1962 ended with hundreds of victims. The political stakes were significant. The setting up of the new Algerian state was closely tied to this historical event. The first leaders of independent Algeria were the winners of this political and military confrontation. As for the vanquished, they either retired from public life or built up political opposition to the new regime
Paroli, Elena. "Le Je anti-lyrique dans la poésie italienne des années soixante : le sujet poétique en question dans la poésie d’Elio Pagliarani, Mario Luzi et Vittorio Sereni." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3075.
Full textThis research focuses on the rise of the anti-lyrical I in the Italian poetry of the Sixties. This was the time when the post-metaphysical philosophy had been fully assimilated by the Italian culture, which started using it as a new reading key to under- stand WW2 experience and the so-called economic miracle. This was also the time when the raw and ever-changing real broke into the artistic experience. Elio Paglia- rani, Mario Luzi and Vittorio Sereni seemed to us emblematic representatives of this new poetic subject's posture. We studied their poems from the Sixties under three main categories: the questioning of the I, the relationship between the I and the world, and the relationship between the I and the others. This structure allowed us firstly to follow the three main stages of the anti-lyrical reformulation of the I (confronted to himself, to the world and to the others) and secondly to recognize a progression in the loss of the traditional lyrical identity. Aware of the loss of any metaphysical consolation, the poet begins to seek the truth inside the physical world; he the realizes that even objects/things bear a fleeting truth and that any unity is broken; and he finally gives voice to other characters in the effort to understand the polyphonic questioning which has become by now the real voice of the world and of the poet himself
Duguet, Laurent. "L'internement administratif en Provence - Côte d'Azur à la libération." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30073.
Full textThe subject of this thesis deals with 16 administrative internment camps planted in the six departments of the Provence Côte d’Azur region between the liberation and December 1945. In this liberated, but economically sapped region that was still at war in its eastern parts until May 1945, we ask ourselves if administrative internment, as a tool for purification practically absent in the region’s historiography, is it disconnected from the real tensions of this territory or if, on the contrary, it crystallized them. First of all we ask ourselves about how the various texts for creating and transforming the guarded centers in the region R2 during the chaotic days of the liberation came about. In the second part there is the examination of the organization of the camps in all their aspects: looking for finance, daily life for the internees, the transport, state of health, the recruiting of the personal, and the security of the camps. In the third part a study is proposed of the population of internees as well as a sociological approach made up from a sample of 624 internees from guarded centers in Saint‐Mitre (Bouches‐du‐Rhône), in Sorgues (Vaucluse) and in Saint‐Vincent‐les‐Forts (Basses‐Alpes). With the end of the second world war, this thesis explores the dismantling of the camps and the new uses of these sites, addressing thequestion of the risks of memorials
Bizimana, Jean-Claude. "Essays on Dynamics of Cattle Prices in Three Developing Countries of Mali, Kenya, and Tanzania." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11218.
Full textVerbree, Cheryl. "Soil and Mold Influences on Fe and Zn Concentrations of Sorghum Grain in Mali, West Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-08-11523.
Full textFonseca, Margarida Cupido. "Toxic masculinity and total war : Billy Prior and the Male role in Pat Baker's regeneration trilogy." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/41438.
Full textEsta dissertação ocupa-se com a análise da trilogia Regeneration de Pat Barker, uma obra que junta ficção com realidade para nos apresentar uma história da Primeira Guerra Mundial de uma forma mais humana. Um dos principais focos desta dissertação é a exploração do conceito de masculinidade tóxica e a descrição da sociedade patriarcal, de modo a tornar claro como este contexto ideológico e histórico foi utilizado pela escritora para tecer considerações sobre o papel do homem na sociedade, e sobretudo numa sociedade em guerra. Esta dissertação demonstra especialmente que a personagem Billy Prior é o elemento da trilogia que melhor reúne as características desta sociedade repressiva, mas procura ainda mais provar de que modos a personagem vai contra tais caraterísticas. A sociedade patriarcal do período vitoriano tardio e da época eduardiana serve como pano de fundo para os acontecimentos de Regeneration. Uma sociedade patriarcal pode ser definida como uma sociedade cujas estruturas e leis estão edificadas para beneficiar o género masculino, enquanto que ao mesmo tempo marginaliza não apenas as mulheres, mas também pessoas transgénero e crianças. O sexo masculino era dominante, mas isso nem sempre tinha boas consequências. O conceito atual de masculinidade tóxica é aplicado como um conjunto de comportamentos nocivos atribuídos aos homens, e que na época em análise passam pela promoção da violência e a supressão de emoções. A sociedade patriarcal da época levou à difusão de expectativas irrealistas para os jovens, ao educar os membros das classes mais altas para serem os futuros líderes do Império. Através do ensino dos colégios privados, estes rapazes estavam a ser doutrinados acerca da importância da disciplina, da cooperação entre estudantes, e do uso do desporto para fortalecer a moral e o corpo masculino. Por estas razões, era esperado (e exigido) que os jovens fossem capazes de lidar com os desafios colocados diante de si da maneira mais corajosa possível, sem temer o elevado risco de lesão ou de morte. Por outro lado, os homens que demonstrassem sofrer de traumas de guerra eram vistos como cobardes e fracos, incapazes de cumprir as suas obrigações de agir como um cavalheiro valente, disposto a ultrapassar todos os obstáculos para defender a sua honra, e mais importante, a honra da Pátria. Deste modo, Pat Barker demonstra como a sociedade patriarcal pode ser prejudicial para os homens, numa sociedade que foi edificada por homens, a pensar em outros homens. A pressão que estes jovens sofriam para agir e pensar de determinada maneira tornava ainda mais difícil o tratamento dos seus transtornos, porque os especialistas de psiquiatria recusavam-se, inicialmente, a reconhecer que estas reações não demonstravam a fraqueza dos soldados, mas sim a crueldade da guerra. Esta dissertação demonstra que a trilogia pode ser considerada uma obra feminista, apesar do seu foco ser em personagens do género masculino. O feminismo centra-se em promover a emancipação das mulheres, eliminando as normas e instituições que socialmente estabelecem a superioridade dos homens sobre as mulheres. Na sociedade britânica no início do século XX, a mulher era vista como um ser delicado, sensível, fraco e cujo principal dever era cuidar da casa e dos seus filhos. A mulher era, geralmente, dependente de um homem para a sua subsistência, que podia ser o seu marido/irmão/pai. Por esta razão tinha muito pouca autonomia. De acordo com a escritora, ao demonstrar que durante a guerra os homens sofriam de distúrbios mentais, dado a sua falta de autonomia e dependência, isto indica que o papel da mulher e do homem se torna mais semelhante. Supor que o homem que lutava era fraco era reduzi-lo à condição feminina, e por isso a sua virilidade era posta em causa. A guerra era considerada como a oportunidade suprema para o homem demonstrar as qualidades esperadas do seu sexo, mas Regeneration demonstra que a guerra de trincheiras teve frequentemente o efeito contrário. Um dos grandes temas de Regeneration é a compaixão da guerra. A compaixão para com os soldados que, com uma idade muito jovem, foram atirados para o meio de um conflito armado altamente destrutivo, com pouca ou nenhuma preparação adequada. Aliado a esta noção de compaixão estava a necessidade de desmistificar a ideia de que a guerra era um evento glorioso, em que o homem enalteceria a sua masculinidade. No início do conflito, a grande maioria dos jovens que se alistou tinha em mente o mito da “Grande Aventura.” Este mito espalhava a confiança desmesurada de que a guerra seria um conflito rápido, com poucas mortes e danos materiais. A guerra serviria, essencialmente, para defender o modo de vida europeu e para salvaguardar os interesses culturais e económicos do Império Britânico. No entanto, o passar dos anos tornou evidente que a guerra já não seria algo passageiro. O multiplicar dos falecimentos e dos soldados com lesões mentais contribuiu para tornar mais palpável que a Primeira Guerra Mundial, sendo a primeira verdadeira guerra da Era Industrial, estava a ter repercussões nunca antes vistas. Pat Barker usa Billy Prior para evidenciar estes aspetos, e é por isso que esta personagem foi escolhida como o principal foco de análise da dissertação. Prior é um oficial com origem na classe trabalhadora, o que complica o seu estatuto. Tendo acesso ao mundo da classe trabalhadora, assim como ao da elite dos colégios privados, Billy consegue adaptar os seus comportamentos aos contextos em que se insere. O seu estatuto de “cavalheiro temporário” atribui-lhe características únicas que tornam a personagem complexa, interessante e um tanto contraditória. Na verdade, a essência de Billy é sempre contraditória. Apesar de agir conforme a sua necessidade e vontade, tendo comportamentos que o colocam à margem daquilo que é esperado, sabemos através da narração subjetiva que Billy sente pressão para agir de maneira diferente. Mesmo tendo em conta que o oficial tem vários encontros sexuais com homens, o que na época seria reprovado, Billy desenvolve esses comportamentos em privado, apenas tornando as suas intenções claras perante aqueles em que confia. Billy é um doente que chega a Craiglockhart por ter lapsos de memória e não conseguir falar. Através dos seus protestos de silêncio, Billy Prior recusa a sua vulnerabilidade. Sendo assim, o soldado usa a sua enfermidade não só como modo de recalcar os seus traumas, mas porque o ato de os relembrar traria consequências que iriam contra o ideal do homem insensível, e por consequência, contra o sistema de sociedade patriarcal que Billy se esforça por integrar. A relação de Billy Prior com a sua namorada, Sarah Lumb, demonstra não só como o soldado era capaz de ver as mulheres como suas iguais, ignorando a ideia estabelecida de que o homem deve ter um papel dominante nas relações interpessoais, mas também como o soldado está alienado do quotidiano. Os momentos de romance que Billy passa com Sarah são os únicos que o afastam dos terrores da guerra, mas estar longe dos campos de batalha não apaga as suas memórias traumáticas. Depois de enfrentar os horrores de que foi testemunha, Billy é incapaz de se distanciar da sua vertente de soldado. Por isso vemos várias vezes Billy a ser comparado a um “fantasma” que vagueia pelas ruas citadinas, e que tem dificuldade em lidar com os risos e os barulhos dos cidadãos, felizes porque não têm noção das atrocidades inerentes a uma guerra de tal calibre. A noção de ignorância feliz ganha foco neste sentido. Uma vez “curado” dos seus transtornos, Billy volta à guerra voluntariamente, mas o seu ânimo nunca voltará ao mesmo. Este regresso não tem o intuito de demonstrar que as sessões com Rivers foram um sucesso, mas sim condenar a estrutura patriarcal que as motiva. O caso de Prior leva Rivers a reconhecer que era cúmplice no esforço de guerra, silenciando as vozes dos soldados, para que estes pudessem voltar a combater. Mesmo estando noivo de Sarah e com uma vida pela frente, Billy parece ter aceitado o seu destino. O oficial reconhece a perda da sua humanidade, focando-se apenas no dever que tem de cumprir. A perda da humanidade de Billy reflete a perda da humanidade de uma geração inteira de jovens que viram a sua vida tomar contornos assustadores, com muitos a não terem sequer a oportunidade de regressar a casa. Mesmo com a vitória dos aliados, Pat Barker demonstra que a Primeira Guerra não pode ter sido ganha quando tanto se perdeu. O sofrimento de milhões de jovens derruba o mito da guerra como um evento em que reina a heroicidade, o patriotismo e a masculinidade. O homem que lutava deixou de ser visto como um herói para passar a ser uma vítima de circunstâncias alheias à sua inocência juvenil. Por outro lado, a inclusão de Billy ajuda-nos a perceber a narrativa de guerra de um modo subjetivo, humanizado, renovado, permitindo uma leitura inovadora do conflito. O tom sarcástico com que Billy narra os acontecimentos contribui para a desconstrução da sociedade patriarcal, assim como da imagem romantizada do soldado heroico. Porque Billy não é uma personagem modelo – é de classe trabalhadora, bissexual e que padece de trauma de guerra – Pat Barker usa a sua voz para demonstrar que o comportamento ideal masculino não é inerente ao sexo, mas sim o resultado de condicionamento e repressão social.
Sow, Djiby. "La légalité de l'intervention militaire française au Mali : contribution à l’étude du cadre juridique de la lutte armée contre le terrorisme international." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13993.
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