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Journal articles on the topic 'Guerre du Mali (2012-....)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Decherf, Dominique. "Somalie année zéro." Études Tome 418, no. 6 (June 1, 2013): 739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4186.0739.

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Après vingt-deux ans de guerre civile, la Somalie, « État failli », est redevenue un État internationalement reconnu même si elle reste un « État fragile ». Le processus de retour à une certaine normalité comporte des enseignements pour d’autres cas, par exemple celui du Mali aujourd’hui. La période de transition a pris officiellement fin le 20 août 2012. De quelle transition parle-t-on ? De quoi vers quoi ? Et comment ?

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2

Hémez, Rémy. "OPÉRATION SERVAL. NOTES DE GUERRE, MALI 2013, Général Barrera, Paris, Seuil, 2015, 448 pages." Politique étrangère Hiver, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): XIX. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pe.154.0187s.

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3

Charbonneau, Bruno, and Jonathan Sears. "Faire la guerre pour un Mali démocratique : l'intervention militaire française et la gestion des possibilités politiques contestées." Canadian Journal of Political Science 47, no. 3 (September 2014): 597–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423914000924.

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RésuméLe 11 janvier 2013, le président François Hollande justifiait une intervention militaire française au Mali sur la possibilité de l'effondrement de l'État malien face à une rébellion armée dans le Nord du pays. La guerre était ainsi autorisée et expliquée par l'incapacité de l'État malien à répondre à la menace. Ces explications et analyses centrées sur les enjeux sécuritaires cachent plus qu'elles ne révèlent, notamment les objectifs ontologiques de la guerre et ses enjeux identitaires. Afin de les révéler, cet article articule l'interaction entre le déploiement de la violence internationale et la construction d'un État et d'un imaginaire politique maliens. Nous concluons que la paix au Mali en 2013 a été recherchée par la militarisation de la gouvernance démocratique, avec pour effet de consolider le modèle de gouvernance d'avant-guerre. Contrairement aux analyses axées sur la sécurité, cet article démontre que les frontières et les limites du conflit malien ne sont pas seulement territoriales, mais identitaires et idéologiques.

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CHAUFER, M., C. BOMBERT, B. PRUNET, M. BUCHEZ, S. DUMANGIN, and A. CANDELIER. "Missions d’évacuation en CASA médicalisé au cours du premier mois de l’opération « Serval » au Mali." Médecine et Armées Vol. 43 No. 4, Volume 43, Numéro 4 (October 1, 2015): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6894.

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Suite au déclenchement de l’opération « Serval » au Mali en janvier 2013, il s’est avéré rapidement nécessaire, compte tenu des élongations importantes, de déployer un aéronef tactique médicalisé. Équipée du nouveau lot CM30, une équipe MEDEVAC a effectué, durant le premier mois, dix missions aéro-sanitaires à bord d’un CASA CN 235-200. Trente-sept patients ont été évacués, dans des états souvent graves, pour la plupart blessés de guerre. Il a semblé intéressant aux auteurs d’effectuer une étude descriptive de cette mission.

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5

Cadeau, Ivan. "Libérez Tombouctou ! Journal de guerre au Mali, Frédéric Gout, Tallandier, Coll. « Témoignage », 2015, 251 pages." Revue Historique des Armées 278, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rha.278.0138.

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6

SAMY, J., X. QUEYRAN, and L. AIGLE. "Fractures induites par le saut à ouverture automatique Étude des blessés sur 4 ans et 44 000 sauts suivis au centre médical des armées de Calvi." Médecine et Armées Vol. 42 No. 2, Volume 42, Numéro 2 (April 1, 2014): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6989.

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Le parachutage humain avec ouverture automatique demeure le mode d’action privilégié pour déployer à longue distance et rapidement un volume important de personnel au sol. L’opération « Bonite » sur Kolwezi ou plus récemment les largages américains (Afghanistan, Irak) et français (Kosovo, Mali) illustrent bien l’intérêt stratégique de ce mode de mise en place. Activité reconnue à risque depuis qu’elle fut pratiquée durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, cette technique de largage de masse induit à l’entraînement une pathologie traumatique non négligeable tant sur le plan de sa fréquence que de sa gravité, avec dès lors un impact sur la capacité opérationnelle : arrêt de travail, inaptitude à la projection… Notre étude rétrospective a colligé, sur une période de 4 ans et environ 44 000 sauts, les patients présentant au moins une fracture consécutive à cette activité survenue au sein du régiment parachutiste de la Légion étrangère, plate forme d’entraînement et de formation au brevet de parachutisme. L’objectif principal de ce travail est de décrire les fractures induites par le saut à ouverture automatique sur le plan circonstanciel et lésionnel, d’évaluer les facteurs favorisants ainsi que leurs conséquences pour les victimes en matière de décision médico-militaire. Enfin cette étude pourra servir de base pour un comparatif suite à la mise en place progressive (plan d’équipement 2012/2015) d’un nouveau parachute : l’Ensemble de parachutage du combattant (EPC). De voilure plus grande, permettant un emport de charge augmenté et modifiant la technique d’atterrissage, la traumatologie fracturaire est susceptible d’en être modifiée.

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7

Ossi, Gnamien Yawa. "Vécu Des Enfants Soldats Pendant La Guerre: Une Analyse À Partir Des Projets De l’Organisation Non Gouvernemental Caritas Makeni En Sierra Léone." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n2p256.

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The phenomenon of «child soldier» has become very rampant these last years. In Africa, they are very common in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), in Chad, in Uganda, in Sierra Leone, and in Côte d’Ivoire. More recently, they are in Mali and in the Central African Republic. However, armed conflicts have imposed various situations on populations. The children are the main victims. The focus of this study is on child soldiers during times of war. The main objective of this study is to analyze the ways they join the armed groups and the difficulties of their social reintegration. The objective of this study is to analyze the recruitment conditions of children and the difficulties of social reintegration. The hypothesis postulates that there is a link between the passage of the children in armed groups and their psychosocial outcome. The study took place in Sierra Leone. The quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The results of the study show that: the mode of recruitment of children has an influence on their social reintegration. Also, the violent practices in armed conflicts are obstacles to their social reintegration.

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8

Gounin, Yves. "LA GUERRE AU MALI. COMPRENDRE LA CRISE AU SAHEL ET AU SAHARA : ENJEUX ET ZONES D’OMBRE, Sous la direction Michel Galy, Paris, La Découverte, 2013, 198 pages." Politique étrangère Hiver, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): VIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pe.134.0195h.

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9

Agricola. "Mali : une guerre rustique." Commentaire Numéro 144, no. 4 (2013): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/comm.144.0787.

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10

Michaïlof, Serge. "Mali, une guerre sans fin ?" Revue Défense Nationale N° 807, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdna.807.0051.

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11

Pellerin, Mathieu. "La guerre de la France au Mali." Sécurité et stratégie 17, no. 3 (2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sestr.017.0079.

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12

OKON, Enoch Ndem. "MALI: ECOWAS RESPONSES TO THE CONFLICT IN MALI (2012-2021)." Conflict Studies Quarterly, no. 37 (October 5, 2021): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/csq.37.3.

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"This paper highlights the Economic Community of West African States [ECOWAS] mode of response to the Malian conflict between 2012 and 2021 and identifies various gaps therein. It seeks to explain why ECOWAS has found it difficult to resolve the Malian conflict in spite of its commitment and experience in conflict resolution in the subregion. Secondary data are used for the study and presented qualitatively. The study reveals that the towering interest of Algeria and other neighbors in the chaotic northern Mali, as well as French interest in its former colony hindered ECOWAS initiative and its effectiveness in resolving the conflict. The paper recommends ECOWAS’ involvement in negotiations at the next peace agreement, and the drawing up of a roadmap for implementing such agreement. Besides, ECOWAS needs to address governance deficits in Mali and elsewhere in the subregion through peer review mechanism and increase its capacity to respond to violent conflicts beyond microstates and Anglophone enclaves in the region. Keywords: ECOWAS, Malian conflict, military coup, Tuareg, Jihad."

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13

Deridder, Marie, and Almamy Sylla. "Violences raciales et gouvernance migratoire au Mali." Plein droit 139, no. 4 (February 2, 2024): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pld.139.0035.

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Et si les politiques migratoires impulsées par l’Union européenne au Mali avaient pour effet de créer un traitement différentiel parmi les citoyens retournés de Libye, voire pire, de générer des tensions réactualisant une grammaire raciale ancienne ? La politisation de l’accueil réservé aux rapatriés invite à questionner les effets de l’externalisation du contrôle des frontières européennes dans ce pays en proie à la guerre et où les faux-semblants de la « gestion concertée » des migrations ont longtemps été dénoncés par la société civile.

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14

Razoux, Pierre, and Pierre Razoux. "Jean-Christophe Notin. La Guerre de la France au Mali." Afrique contemporaine 251, no. 3 (2014): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afco.251.0169.

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15

NUR, Tuğba. "The Effect of Investor's Risk Appetite on the Stock Market: A Study on the BIST Financial Index." Fiscaoeconomia 6, no. 3 (September 14, 2022): 1103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1095329.

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Çalışmada 06.06.2008-07.11.2021 döneminde Risk İştahı Endeksi (RISE) ve BIST Mali endeksi arasındaki ilişkinin doğrusal ARDL, doğrusal olmayan ARDL, Toda & Yamamoto Granger nedensellik ve Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik testleri ile araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Doğrusal ARDL ve doğrusal olmayan ARDL modellerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre BIST Mali ve RISE endeksleri arasında uzun dönemli eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Doğrusal ARDL model uzun dönem katsayısına göre RISE endeksinde meydana gelen %1’lik artışın BIST Mali endeksinde yaklaşık %44’lük bir artışa sebep olduğu, doğrusal olmayan ARDL model sonuçlarına göre ise RISE endeksinde pozitif değişimlerde meydana gelen %1’lik artışın BIST Mali endeksinde yaklaşık %46’lık bir artışa, negatif değişimlerde meydana gelen %1’lik artışın BIST Mali endeksinde yaklaşık %43 artışa sebep olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla endeksler arasında uzun dönemli asimetrik bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Bulgulara ek olarak Toda & Yamamoto Granger nedensellik testleri sonuçlarına göre BIST Mali endeksinden RISE endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi, Hatemi-J (2012) asimetrik nedensellik test sonuçları göre ise RISE endeksindeki negatif şoklardan, BIST Mali endeksindeki negatif şoklara, RISE endeksindeki negatif şoklardan, BIST Mali endeksindeki pozitif şoklara, BIST Mali endeksindeki pozitif şoklardan RISE endeksindeki pozitif şoklara, BIST Mali endeksindeki negatif şoklardan RISE endeksindeki negatif şoklara doğru asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.

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16

Sánchez, Gabriel C. "Mali: análisis del alzamiento tuareg (2012-2015)." Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional 4, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18847/1.7.9.

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17

Goya, Michel. "La guerre de trois mois : l'intervention française au Mali en perspectives." Politique étrangère Eté, no. 2 (2013): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pe.132.0157.

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18

Royer, Patrick. "La guerre coloniale du Bani-Volta, 1915-1916 (Burkina-Faso, Mali)." Autrepart 26, no. 2 (2003): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/autr.026.0035.

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19

BELLİKLİ, Uğur. "Bankaların COVID-19 Öncesi/COVID Dönemine İlişkin Mali Başarı Durumlarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi ve Karlılığın Başarıya Etkisi." Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi 18, no. 3 (December 1, 2023): 930–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17153/oguiibf.1318882.

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Bu çalışmanın amacı; BIST BANKA endeksindeki bankaların mali başarısızlık durumlarının pandemi öncesi ve pandemi dönemi için karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi ve bankaların karlılık oranlarının mali başarı skoruna etkisinin irdelenmesidir. Araştırma kapsamındaki işletmelerin 2012-2019 ile 2020-2022 dönemine ilişkin mali başarı skorları ayrı ayrı hesaplanarak karşılaştırılmış, ayrıca bankaların karlılık oranlarının başarı skoruna etkisi panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Bulgular neticesinde banka işletmelerinin mali başarı skorları pandemi öncesi dönemde dalgalı veya yatay bir seyir izlerken, pandemi döneminde aşağı yönlü bir eğilim göstermiştir. Ayrıca bankaların aktif karlılık oranı mali başarı skoru üzerinde pozitif, özkaynak karlılığı oranı ise mali başarı skoru üzerinde negatif yönde etkili olmuştur.

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20

Wing, Susanna D. "‘Hands off my constitution’: Constitutional reform and the workings of democracy in Mali." Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 451–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x15000415.

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ABSTRACTConstitutions in Africa are often considered fragile. Mali is an example of both constitutional crisis and constitutional durability. While Mali was upheld as a democratic model, the 2012 military coup might lead one to argue that Mali's recent history reflects constitutional weakness. However, the swift reinstatement of the constitution, popular commitment to its preservation, and attempts to pursue the post-coup transition in a constitutional manner all illustrate the domestic and international legitimacy of Mali's 1992 constitution. This article analyses the process of the proposed Malian constitutional referendum that, though constitutional in itself, contributed to the March 2012 overthrow of President Touré. It argues that the history of participatory constitutionalism in Mali contributed to the movement against the referendum. Constitutional reform is a necessity for an enduring constitution and this article sheds light on constitutional reform in states with weak legislatures, and illustrates the process of reform and the political divide that surrounded it in Mali. It provides a unique analysis of the crisis in Mali while at the same time making a contribution to our understanding of constitutionalism and constitutional reform in Africa.

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Dogba, Maman, Pierre Fournier, and Safoura Berthe-Cisse. "Qualification of Staff, Organization of Services, and Management of Pregnant Women in Rural Settings: The Case of Diema and Kayes Districts (Mali)." ISRN Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012 (May 3, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/649412.

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In Mali, a poor sub-Saharan country, maternity referral systems were implemented to combat the still-high rates of maternal mortality. This qualitative study was aimed at understanding the relationships between the qualification of staff in community health centres, the organization of services, and the management of pregnant women in the maternity referral system in Kayes, a rural region of Mali. Physicians who managed CHCs actively or passively modified work organization, the level of technology, their obstetric skills, and staffing. They also created a competitive environment and developed relationships of trust with patients and with the district health centre. These findings are helpful in orienting decision-making for better personnel management.

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22

Touron, Manon. "Le Mali, 1960-1968. Exporter la Guerre froide dans le pré carré français." Bulletin de l'Institut Pierre Renouvin N° 45, no. 1 (2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/bipr1.045.0083.

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23

Bleck, Jaimie, and Kristin Michelitch. "The 2012 crisis in Mali: Ongoing empirical state failure." African Affairs 114, no. 457 (August 8, 2015): 598–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adv038.

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24

Hayes, Brittany E., and Carlijn van Baak. "Risk Factors of Physical and Sexual Abuse for Women in Mali: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample." Violence Against Women 23, no. 11 (August 4, 2016): 1361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801216658979.

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Mali is a developing country that has marked inequalities between genders. Using the 2012-2013 Mali Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally representative sample of Malian women ( N = 2,527), the study examined the effect of controlling behaviors, childhood exposure to and experience of violence, husband’s alcohol use, woman’s use of violence, and sociocultural factors on the likelihood of experiencing physical and sexual abuse. Findings indicated that controlling behavior, childhood exposure to violence, and husband’s use of alcohol were predictors of physical and sexual abuse. Respondent’s use of violence increased risk of physical abuse. Implications for programming in Mali are discussed.

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Hami, H., T. Diallo, A. Maiga, A. Mokhtari, R. Soulaymani-Bencheikh, and A. Soulaymani. "436 Suicide and Suicide Attempts in Mali." Archives of Disease in Childhood 97, Suppl 2 (October 1, 2012): A128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302724.0436.

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26

Kone, Kassim. "A Southern View on the Tuareg Rebellions in Mali." African Studies Review 60, no. 1 (April 2017): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.10.

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Abstract:Since Mali’s independence in 1960, the Tuareg, a minority ethnic group, have staged successive rebellions, with the major ones occurring in 1963, 1990, 2006, and 2012. While discussions of “the Tuareg issue” have sometimes led both the Malian and the international press, as well as scholars, to make inaccurate generalizations, it is true that almost all the armed conflicts of the past fifty years in Mali were originated by people of the Tuareg group. Therefore, many of their Malian compatriots hold the Tuareg people responsible for the destruction of life and human rights violations that have taken place since the beginning of 2012. This article focuses on the events of 2012 and their aftermath and explores some social, cultural, and political differences between northern Tuareg and southern Bamana peoples in particular. It asks two specific questions: Is there something about Tuareg society, culture, and politics (i.e., Tuareg identity) that causes an incompatibility with the Mali Republic? And if not, where has the Malian government failed through the successive regimes since independence?

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BENEDEK, BALÁZS, JÁNOS BABICS, ANTON V. VOLYNKIN, and AIDAS SALDAITIS. "Burmanaglaea a new genus and Burmanaglaea felix, a new species from Myanmar (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Xylenini)." Zootaxa 4728, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4728.2.11.

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The tribe Xylenini Guenée, is especially rich in the Himalayan region with the highest diversity occurring during the late fall and winter. Exploration of this fauna has a rich history but became especially intensive during recent decades resulting in many new descriptions. Milestones in this vast territorial study by country include Pakistan (Ronkay & Ronkay 1999), India (Hacker 1992), Nepal (Hreblay & Ronkay 1998, Benedek et al. 2013), Taiwan (Hreblay & Ronkay 1997; 2000, Ronkay & Ronkay 2000) Thailand, Vietnam (Hreblay et al. 1999) and China (Ronkay et al. 2010, Benedek et al. 2012; 2013). To this list we now add the mountainous areas of Myanmar which have only recently become accessible. During a late fall collecting trip to Western Myanmar, three specimens of a strange looking noctuid species externally somewhat similar to the Western Himalayan Mniotype leucocyma (Hampson, 1907) were collected. After examination of its male and female genitalia, this species was proven to be new to science. Moreover, the male genitalia of the new species show a surprisingly unusual complex of features, some of which, together with the female genitalia, are characteristic and decisively significant to the subtribe Xylenina. The male and female genitalia of this species are most similar to those of the genera Eupsilia Hübner and Owadaglaea Hacker & Ronkay, however, these genitalia have certain autapomorphic characters which clearly justify separation on generic level. The description of the new genus and species is given below with a comparison to the related Eupsilia and Owadaglaea, several other related genera (Lithophane Hübner, Conistra Hübner and Xylena Ochsenheimer) and the externally similar M. leucocyma as well.

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Sekou, Diarra, Dembele Alou, Diarra Tiecoro, Keita Fatoumata, Pehe Celine, Virginia Perez, Sow Boubacary, et al. "Psychosocial support in the midst of the 2012 Mali crisis." Intervention 10, no. 3 (November 2012): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wtf.0b013e328359ff3c.

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Hernann, Andrew. "Joking Through Hardship: Humor and Truth-Telling among Displaced Timbuktians." African Studies Review 59, no. 1 (April 2016): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2016.4.

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Abstract:This article argues that one way in which internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees from Timbuktu, Mali, negotiated and made sense of the occupation of northern Mali in 2012 and the hardships of displacement was through joking. A genre of unofficial communication, joking asserted local truths and produced counternarratives. Sharing in this humorous reproduction helped to alleviate some of the anxieties of displacement and strengthen interpersonal relationships. The result was acommunitasthat reproduced the local Timbuktian community in exile.

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30

Lalangue, Éric. "Napoléon chef de guerre, Jean Tulard, Paris, Tallandier, 2012." Inflexions N° 23, no. 2 (May 2, 2013): XIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/infle.023.0219m.

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Silva, Josias Marcos de Resende, Henrique Mendonça, Rodrigo Bezerra de Azevedo, and Rafael Costa Marinho. "A intervenção francesa no Mali." Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/ries.6168.

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Aproveitando-se da instabilidade resultante de um golpe de Estado ocorrido em março de 2012, rebeldes tuaregues conquistaram a região historicamente reivindicada do Azawad, localizada no norte do Mali. Nos meses seguintes, grupos armados jihadistas que apoiaram o movimento tuaregue tomaram o poder no território conquistado e impuseram um regime islâmico extremista. Além de desencadear uma crise humanitária de grandes proporções, os jihadistas passaram a constituir uma ameaça ao sul do país e a toda a região do Sahel. Após intensas negociações diplomáticas junto aos organismos internacionais e em decorrência de um pedido de ajuda militar proveniente do presidente interino do Mali, Dioncounda Traoré, a França liderou uma intervenção militar no país entre janeiro de 2013 e julho de 2014 denominada “Operação Serval”. Nesse contexto, este artigo analisa essa operação com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto dessa intervenção militar francesa no Mali. Metodologicamente, foi conduzido umestudo de caso sobre a Operação Serval, de forma a compreender profundamente sua condução, assim como seus antecedentes e suas consequências nos níveis político e militar. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que ela cumpriu satisfatoriamente seus objetivos militares propostos. Contudo, o bom desempenho militar não correspondeu ao sucesso no nível político.

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Koita, Ousmane A., Lansana Sangaré, Hammadoun A. Sango, Sounkalo Dao, Naffet Keita, Moussa Maiga, Mamadou Mounkoro, et al. "Effect of Seasonality and Ecological Factors on the Prevalence of the Four Malaria Parasite Species in Northern Mali." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/367160.

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Background. We performed 2 cross-sectional studies in Ménaka in the Northeastern Mali across 9 sites in different ecological settings: 4 sites have permanent ponds, 4 without ponds, and one (City of Ménaka) has a semipermanent pond. We enrolled 1328 subjects in May 2004 (hot dry season) and 1422 in February 2005 (cold dry season) after the rainy season.Objective.To examine the seasonality of malaria parasite prevalence in this dry northern part of Mali at the edge of the Sahara desert.Results. Slide prevalence was lower in hot dry than cold dry season (4.94 versus 6.85%,P=0.025). Gametocyte rate increased to 0.91% in February. Four species were identified.Plasmodium falciparumwas most prevalent (74.13 and 63.72%).P. malariaeincreased from 9.38% to 22.54% in February. In contrast, prevalence ofP. vivaxwas higher (10.31%) without seasonal variation. Smear positivity was associated with splenomegaly (P=0.007). Malaria remained stable in the villages with ponds (P=0.221); in contrast, prevalence varied between the 2 seasons in the villages without ponds (P=0.004).Conclusion. Malaria was mesoendemic; 4 species circulates with a seasonal fluctuation forPlasmodium falciparum.

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Chanet, Jean-François. "La patrie et la guerre." Cahiers Jaurès N° 251, no. 1 (April 25, 2024): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cj.251.0013.

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Jean-Jacques Becker a été un lecteur et un commentateur inépuisable de L’Armée nouvelle de Jean Jaurès, depuis ses travaux consacrés à l’opinion publique française au début de la Première Guerre mondiale. L’exposé des motifs de la loi, devenu ouvrage théorique, permettait à Jean-Jacques Becker de présenter la pensée de Jaurès sur l’organisation de la défense en cas de guerre. Mais cette contribution montre aussi que ses recherches l’ont constamment amené à contextualiser l’œuvre jaurésienne, dans un spectre d’opinions d’une grande diversité. Cette connaissance intime de l’œuvre rend plus précieuse encore l’édition que Jean-Jacques Becker a préparée pour l’édition du 13 e volume des Œuvres publiées aux éditions Fayard en 2012.

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Tessougue, Moussa dit Martin. "Perturbation des fréquentations touristiques et crises au Mali de 1990 à 2020 : insécurité et risque sanitaire Covid-19." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 18, no. 20 (June 30, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2022.v18n20p141.

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This study observes the disruption of tourist flows in Mali from 1990 to 2020. Mali is a politically turbulent country and subject to an unprecedented security crisis since 2012. The crisis of the COVID 19 pandemic since December 2019, is added. As a result, tourism activities are frozen. International tourist flows are drying up for the destination “Mali”. The objective of this article aims to analyze the regressions of tourist visits in the statistical databases of Mali from 1990 to 2020, following the security crises and health risk of COVID-19. The methodology, in addition to bibliographical research, is essentially based on the compilation and analysis of annual data from Mali's tourism statistics. Thanks to the "Excel" software, certain indicators were assessed from 1990 to 2020. These are: the annual variation in arrivals and overnight stays, the evolution of the hotel stock and the accommodation capacity in number of rooms, the variation in the occupancy rate (TO) and the average length of stay (DMS) and finally the ranking of the top 5 countries sending tourists to Mali. The results reveal that arrivals and overnight stays have evolved respectively at an annual rate of 8.36% and 8.32% from 1990 to 2008. However, from 2008 to 2020, arrivals decline annually by 19.56% and overnight stays fall by 20.37% annually. Admittedly, the hotel stock and the number of rooms increase regularly and respectively by 9.37% and 7.57% from 1990 to 2020. It is also during this period that the occupancy rate (TO) amounts on average to 13.66% and the average length of stay (DMS) is 2 days. From 1990 to 2020, France with a market share of 40%, remains the main source of international visitors to Mali. Cette étude, observe les perturbations des flux touristiques au Mali de 1990 à 2020. Le Mali est un pays politiquement agité et soumis à une crise sécuritaire sans précédent depuis 2012. La crise de la pandémie de la COVID 19 depuis décembre 2019, s’y est ajoutée. Il en résulte que les activités touristiques sont gelées. Les flux touristiques internationaux, tarissent pour la destination « Mali ». L’objectif de cet article vise à analyser les régressions de fréquentations touristiques dans les bases de données statistiques du Mali de 1990 à 2020, suite aux crises sécuritaires et risque sanitaire de la COVID-19. La méthodologie, en plus des recherches bibliographiques, s’appuie essentiellement sur la compilation et l’analyse des données annuelles des statistiques touristiques du Mali. Grâce, au logiciel « Excel », certains indicateurs ont été appréciés de 1990 à 2020. Il s’agit de : la variation annuelle des arrivées et des nuitées, l’évolution du parc hôtelier et de la capacité d’hébergement en nombre de chambres, la variation du taux d’occupation (TO) et de la durée moyenne de séjours (DMS) et enfin du classement du top 5 des pays émetteurs de touristes en direction du Mali. Les résultats révèlent que les arrivées et les nuitées ont évolué respectivement, a une raison annuelle de 8,36% et de 8,32% de 1990 à 2008. Cependant de 2008 à 2020, les arrivées régressent annuellement de 19,56% et les nuitées baissent annuellement de 20,37%. Certes le parc hôtelier et le nombre de chambres augmentent régulièrement et respectivement de 9,37% et de 7,57% de 1990 à 2020. C’est aussi durant cette période que le taux d’occupation (TO) se chiffre en moyenne à 13,66% et la durée moyenne de séjours (DMS), s’établit à 2 jours. De 1990 à 2020, la France avec une part de marché de 40%, demeure le principal pays émetteur de visiteurs internationaux au Mali.

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Hernández, Andrew. "From Militia to Army: Ganda Koy's Struggle for Political Legitimacy in Mali." Africa Today 70, no. 1 (September 2023): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.70.1.03.

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Abstract: In response to the occupation of northern Mali in 2012, Ganda Koy, a primarily Songhay militia, has attempted to increase its political legitimacy within and beyond Mali, in part through more formalized integration within the Malian army. To justify such integration, many of its leaders have highlighted its combat and surveillance prowess while portraying it as supportive of a racially and ethnically unified Mali, thereby contrasting it with more Tuareg- or Arabseparatist militias based in the Sahara Desert. It has presented itself as a grassroots organization; however, many in its ranks publicly argue for a more Songhay- and Blacknationalist approach to Malian politics. While such an attitude might privately resonate among much of the political elite in Bamako, it contrasts with Mali's postcolonial myth as a harmonious ethnic melting pot and serves to undermine Ganda Koy's integration in more formal state institutions.

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Hernández, Andrew. "From Militia to Army: Ganda Koy's Struggle for Political Legitimacy in Mali." Africa Today 70, no. 1 (September 2023): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/at.2023.a905849.

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Abstract: In response to the occupation of northern Mali in 2012, Ganda Koy, a primarily Songhay militia, has attempted to increase its political legitimacy within and beyond Mali, in part through more formalized integration within the Malian army. To justify such integration, many of its leaders have highlighted its combat and surveillance prowess while portraying it as supportive of a racially and ethnically unified Mali, thereby contrasting it with more Tuareg- or Arabseparatist militias based in the Sahara Desert. It has presented itself as a grassroots organization; however, many in its ranks publicly argue for a more Songhay- and Blacknationalist approach to Malian politics. While such an attitude might privately resonate among much of the political elite in Bamako, it contrasts with Mali's postcolonial myth as a harmonious ethnic melting pot and serves to undermine Ganda Koy's integration in more formal state institutions.

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37

Pylypenko, L. A. "A quickscan pest risk analysis for the Meloidogyne mali." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.188-200.

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A quickscan pest risk analysis for the apple root-knot nematode Meloidogyne mali for the territory of Ukraine was performed. This assessment was initiated in response to the recent (2012/2013) interception of the apple root-knot nematode in the Netherlands and Italy and because of the species inclusion on the EPPO Alert List in 2014. The risk of M. mali introduction, establishment and economic impact in Ukraine was assessed as likely, which proved the need for specific statutory actions to be taken to prevent ingress of the apple root-knot nematode and mitigate its effects in Ukraine. It is stated that the detailed pest risk analysis is required.

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Pylypenko, L. A. "A quickscan pest risk analysis for the Meloidogyne mali." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.350-360.

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A quickscan pest risk analysis for the apple root-knot nematode Meloidogyne mali for the territory of Ukraine was performed. This assessment was initiated in response to the recent (2012/2013) interception of the apple root-knot nematode in the Netherlands and Italy and because of the species inclusion on the EPPO Alert List in 2014. The risk of M. mali introduction, establishment and economic impact in Ukraine was assessed as likely, which proved the need for specific statutory actions to be taken to prevent ingress of the apple root-knot nematode and mitigate its effects in Ukraine. It is stated that the detailed pest risk analysis is required.

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Marchi, Serena, Simonetta Viviani, Emanuele Montomoli, Yuxiao Tang, Adele Boccuto, Ilaria Vicenti, Maurizio Zazzi, et al. "Zika Virus in West Africa: A Seroepidemiological Study between 2007 and 2012." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 13, 2020): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060641.

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According to the World Health Organization, the entire African continent is at risk of a Zika outbreak. To increase data availability on the epidemiology of Zika virus circulation in Africa, we evaluated the immunity to Zika virus in a selected cohort of subjects from West Africa between 2007 and 2012. Human serum samples were collected in 2007 and in 2011/2012 from a cohort of 2–29-year-old subjects from Mali, Senegal, and The Gambia. A sample that tested positive by Zika virus IgG ELISA and by Zika virus microneutralization test was defined as positive. In 2007, the highest prevalence was 21.9%, found in Senegal among 18–29-year-old subjects. In 2011/2012, the highest prevalence, 22.7%, was found still in Senegal, but in 11–17-year-old subjects. During both study periods, the lowest prevalence was found in Mali, where few positive cases were found only in 18–29-year-old subjects. The Gambia showed an intermediate prevalence. In the three countries, prevalence was strongly associated with increasing age. This study contributes to understanding Zika virus circulation within three different ecological and demographic contexts with scarce or no data currently available. Results showed that Zika virus circulated actively in West Africa between the period 2007 and 2011/2012, but with some geographic specificity.

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Traore, Stanislav Seydou, Adwoa Nyantakyiwaa Amoah, Huanan Chen, Yuan Cao, Yanfang Qiu, Han Zhang, Youchun Hu, Rong Fu, and Quanjun Lyu. "Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adult Women in China, Mali and United States: Evolution of Trends over Ten Years." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa063_093.

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Abstract Objectives This article assessed trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity over ten years among adult women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using National Surveys Data from China, Mali and the United States between 2001–2002 and 2012–2013. The sample population consisted of all adult women: 140,022 (2002) and 157,850 (2012) adults aged 18 and above in China, 10,424 (2002) and 4502 (2012) women aged 15–49 in Mali, 4413 (2001) and 5181 (2012) adults aged 20 and above in the USA. The proportion test (Z test) was used to evaluate the 10-year prevalence differences in different countries. Results In ten-year period, overweight has significantly increased from 22.7% to 29.9% among Chinese women with a growth of 7.2% (P-value < 0.05) and, 11.2% to 12.9% in Malian women with a growth of 1.7% (P-value < 0.05). Among US women, overweight has increased from 28.2% to 29.7% with a non-significant growth of 1.5% (P-value >0.05). The prevalence of women's obesity in all three countries has significantly increased, more particularly in China. Conclusions Data from the National Survey over ten years showed an increase in the prevalence of overweight as well as obesity in Chinese, Malian and US women. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Project number 81,673,165].

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Kube, Michael, Jelena Mitrovic, Bojan Duduk, Ralf Rabus, and Erich Seemüller. "Current View on Phytoplasma Genomes and Encoded Metabolism." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/185942.

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Phytoplasmas are specialised bacteria that are obligate parasites of plant phloem tissue and insects. These bacteria have resisted all attempts of cell-free cultivation. Genome research is of particular importance to analyse the genetic endowment of such bacteria. Here we review the gene content of the four completely sequenced ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma’ genomes that include those of ‘Ca.P. asteris’ strains OY-M and AY-WB, ‘Ca.P. australiense,’ and ‘Ca.P. mali’. These genomes are characterized by chromosome condensation resulting in sizes below 900 kb and a G + C content of less than 28%. Evolutionary adaption of the phytoplasmas to nutrient-rich environments resulted in losses of genetic modules and increased host dependency highlighted by the transport systems and limited metabolic repertoire. On the other hand, duplication and integration events enlarged the chromosomes and contribute to genome instability. Present differences in the content of membrane and secreted proteins reflect the host adaptation in the phytoplasma strains. General differences are obvious between different phylogenetic subgroups. ‘Ca.P. mali’ is separated from the other strains by its deviating chromosome organization, the genetic repertoire for recombination and excision repair of nucleotides or the loss of the complete energy-yielding part of the glycolysis. Apart from these differences, comparative analysis exemplified that all four phytoplasmas are likely to encode an alternative pathway to generate pyruvate and ATP.

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Foster, Amelia. "Leadership Dynamics in Foreign Interventions: Russia and France in Mali 2012-2022." Leadership and Developing Societies 7, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47697/lds.35360010.

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This study examines the leadership dynamics within foreign intervention, utilising the identity leadership framework set out in The New Psychology of Leadership (Haslam, Reicher, Platow, 2020). Utilising the case study of Russia and France’s interventions in Mali, the work tests the assumptions of the framework to ascertain its applicability in large-scale, distant settings, finding that identity leadership is feasible in foreign intervention, but the approach is not comprehensive in its explanation of intervenor successes and failures. The approach taken was a desk-based, qualitative, comparative case study research. The work advances understanding of the nature of the exchange of influence between foreign intervenors and recipient states and maintains a recipient perspective throughout. The study has implications for the validity of identity leadership theory outside of traditional leadership, and approaches to studying foreign intervention. The work suggests that studying a broader conceptualisation of foreign intervention from a recipient perspective provides a richer understanding of leadership dynamics.

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GENÇ, Mustafa, Ahmet YANIK, and Mihriban ÖZEN. "Üniversitelerin Denetim Raporlarında Yer Alan Bulguların Analizi: Karadeniz Bölgesi Örneği." Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32329/uad.1172324.

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Türkiye’de mali denetimler 2012 yılından itibaren Sayıştay tarafından yapılmakta ve denetim raporları kamuoyuyla paylaşılmaktadır. Buradaki temel amaç, kamu kaynaklarının kamu idareleri tarafından etkin kullanılıp kullanılmadığını tespit etmek ve denetim sonucu varılan denetim görüşleri ile elde edilen denetim bulgularını kamuoyu ile paylaşmaktır. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizdeki üniversitelerde Sayıştay tarafından yapılan denetimler sonucunda elde edilen denetim bulgularını ve bu bulgular ışığında varılan denetim görüşlerini analiz etmek amacıyla Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan 18 devlet üniversitesinin 2016-2020 yılları arasındaki denetim raporları içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda ilgili üniversitelerin denetim raporlarına genel olarak olumlu görüş ile açıklama paragraflı olumlu görüş verildiği, denetim bulgularına bakıldığında ise; temel olarak mali tabloların hazırlanması ve raporlanması hususunda eksikliklerle karşılaşıldığı tespit edilmiştir.

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PLANCHET, M., C. DELBART, A. THOMAS, L. CHENAIS, N. CAZES, and A. PUIDUPIN. "Prise en charge d’un afflux saturant de blessés de guerre français en Afghanistan." Médecine et Armées Vol. 41 No. 2, Volume 41, Numéro 2 (April 1, 2013): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6668.

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Le 20 janvier 2012, plusieurs blessés de guerre français furent pris en charge par une équipe médicale française, dans le sud de la Kapisa, sur une base militaire à l’est de Kaboul. Après un rappel du contexte local sur la base de Gwan et de l’articulation du soutien médical sur cette emprise franco-afghane, nous détaillerons la chronologie des faits, et les blessures observées. Enfin, nous aborderons quelques points à mettre en exergue face à cet afflux saturant de blessés de guerre.

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45

Reynolds, Nathalène. "L’Afghanistan. La guerre d’Obama, Gilles Vandal, 2012, Outremont, Athéna, 262 p." Études internationales 44, no. 1 (2013): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1015139ar.

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Thiéblemont, André. "Afghanistan . La guerre inconnue des soldats français , Nicolas Mingasson . Acropole, 2012." Inflexions N° 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): V. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/infle.022.0209e.

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Ba, Alhassane, Abdoulaye Kane, Baba Fane, Seydou Simbo Diakite, Mamane Mariko, Thierno Madane Diop, and Madani Ouologuem. "P-184 Prise en charge transfusionnelle du blessé de guerre au Mali : Etat des lieux et perspectives." Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 30 (November 2023): S132—S133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2023.09.230.

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48

Moseley, William G. "The Minimalist State and Donor Landscapes: Livelihood Security in Mali during and after the 2012–2013 Coup and Rebellion." African Studies Review 60, no. 1 (April 2017): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2017.11.

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Abstract:Mali’s 2012 coup d’état and subsequent rebellion created much hardship for those living in the northern and southern parts of the country. This article explores the changes that occurred during the period of uncertainty in the country, the role of the minimalist state, and the implications of these conditions for future development initiatives. The way in which Mali muddled through the 2012–2013 period has left two distinct aid landscapes: a heavily militarized northern region where aid from donors is focused on antiterrorism, and a southern zone of free-market intervention facilitated by donors.

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Whitehouse, Bruce. "The Force of Action: Legitimizing the Coup in Bamako, Mali." Africa Spectrum 47, no. 2-3 (August 2012): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971204702-305.

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The coup d'état that occurred in Bamako in March 2012 brought a previously unknown army captain named Amadou Sanogo to power. This paper analyses Malian media reports to explore how Sanogo and his associates sought to legitimize their takeover with reference to local conceptions of heroism, power and destiny, and how Sanogo's public image resonated with time-honoured narratives about heroic figures in Malian culture. This case demonstrates that understanding religious worldviews is essential for understanding the workings of political power.

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ZOROME, Dr Soungalo, Idrissa Soiba TRAORE, Issiaka DIAFAR, and Yaya BAYOKO. "Dynamiques inclusives, vecteurs de régularisation du droit à l’éducation scolaire des enfants au centre du Mali : des éléments de repère." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 12, no. 01 (January 11, 2024): 1649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i01.sh03.

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Since 2012, insecurity and violence fueled by multiple vulnerabilities have rapidly spread to Mali and other Sahel countries, leading to an unprecedented humanitarian crisis in these countries (Jean Claude Ndabananiye, 2021). These security crises have affected the education sector in particular. This article formulates options for regularizing the right to school education for children in central Mali. We adopted a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative). At the end of data collection we had the following results. In Ténenkou 93.6% of teachers find that educational establishments destroyed by armed or jihadist groups must be rehabilitated. In the Mopti district 54.7% of heads of household affirm that NGOs have provided support with school kits to students. In the Bankass circle, 76.9% of teachers believe that setting up a support course program would be an optimal solution to remedy the difficulties children face. In Douentza, 78.7% of respondents think that the establishment of a mixed program (classical and Koranic school) would be an optimal solution for regularizing schools in central Mali.

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