Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre mondiale (1939-1945) Guerre mondiale (1939-1945) Grande-Bretagne'
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Ong, Chit Chung. "Operation Matador : Britain's war plans against the Japanese, 1918-1941 /." Singapore : Times academic press, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37034998z.
Full textShen, Peijian. "The age of appeasement : the evolution of British foreign policy in the 1930s /." Stroud : Sutton, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371966265.
Full textVuong, Thomas. "Usages du sonnet européen (Allemagne, France, Grande-Bretagne, Italie) durant la Seconde Guerre-Mondiale (1939-1945)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD089.
Full textThis study consists in a wide, comprehensive overview of the usages of the poetic form of the sonnet during the Second World War in France, Germany, Great Britain and Italy. Such a process aims at gathering close readings of sonnets, in order to highlight the mechanisms of a blooming form in the midst of a dürftiger Zeit. Many poets resort indeed to the sonnet in order to give a frame to a singular or collective experience of the chaos unleashed throughout Europe.The way these recourses to the sonnet interact with the role of poetry in a time of wide reception and collective crisis will be scrutinized in the light of political commitment, religious or ideological biases and the questioning of the former foundations of Western European culture, all of which can interfere in poetry’s proper motives.This work’s proposal is that the sonnet can be used as an ordered form, either to set a demiurgic stand in front of the chaotic situation of the continent, or so as to accept it. Neither poetic stances do necessarily lead to a disordering of the form itself ; however, both conservative and rejuvenating usages of the sonnet have in common the ability to deeply question poetry’s relation to the world
Vallée, Cécile. "La b. B. C. : outil de propagande gouvernementale pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20021.
Full textDuring the Second World War, the British government transformed the BBC into a willing instrument of its propaganda. Through persuasion and pressure, by putting its own men in control of the corporation, it exercised a tight control over broadcast programmes and broadcasters. The secret nature of that control enabled both the government and the BBC to maintain the image of an independent BBC. In reality, the latter was totally dependent on the ministry of information, which centralised and planned all ministerial propaganda. In the name of national interest and in order to safeguard its image, the BBC co-operated actively with the government to put its propaganda into broadcast terms. The government used the waves freely and launched large propaganda campaigns dealing with all aspects of life on the home front. The aim was to guide and control the behaviour and attitude of the population as well as their opinions so as to ensure at all times that the war effort, as planned by the government, would be successful. Using persuasion and moralisation, constantly and repetitively stressing the qualities of the british people, the government's propaganda aimed to sustain the morale of the public. This led the BBC to broadcast an over-positive, idealised image of the home front, the listeners being encouraged to believe that they were heroes, and that it was thanks to their natural qualities of determination, of courage, and of generosity that they would win over nazism. The ideological basis of the propaganda aiming to reinforce patriotism and nationalism included essentially a continual debasement of the enemy, as well as a constant praise of the people and of a nation turned into a natural champion of all the great values of humanity
Pascual, Fanny. "La Brigade du "Special Air Service" pendant la seconde guerre mondiale. Institution, individus et mythes." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30026.
Full textThe S. A. S. Has gained a major following, yet what do we really really know about the Special Air Service? In July 1941, David Stirling founded the L Detachment of the Special Air Service Brigade in the Middle East. The initial concept saw the light of day with special missions behind enemy lines thanks to their ability to adapt to each one individually. On leaving the Middle East, the S. A. S. Got involved in the Mediterranean, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany and Norway. Further to various administrative changes, in 1944 a brigade was made up of two British regiments, two French battalions and a Belgian company as its fighting units. The name S. A. S. Stands for both the unit and the man. On trying to define these two bodies (man and institution), not only prosopographic and sociological studies but also statistical and memorial analysis of the different S. A. S. Missions based on the chronological events, were carried out on the front. The myth, having taken a disproportional place, historically speaking, is necessary in order to identify the emblematic characters and the legendary events. The brigade disbanded the 5th October 1945; its memory relates the historical facts: the French, Belgian and British partnership had retrieved their own lands now to be self-governed. By pitting the myth against the facts, the birth of this unit, still active today in the United Kingdom, recovers its rightful place in the history of the Second World War
Rivière, de La Souchère Muriel. "De Dunkerque à Nuremberg : le rôle des Anglo-Américains dans la libération de l’Europe au miroir de la télévision française (1949-2009)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0010.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the representation of the part of the Anglo-Americans in the liberation of Europe on French television between 1949 and 2009. Cut out in three periods, 1949-1963, 1964-May 1981, May 1981-2009, this work shows the influence, throughout the years, of different factors on the account of this moment in history. The analysis sheds a light on the fact that the representation of the part played by the Anglo-Americans in World War Two does represent a memorial stake within the French society: the moving importance given to the Anglo-American role in the liberation of Europe is significant to the links bound by the French with this moment of their history. In this thesis also lays the question of the impact of external influences on the shaping of the television discourse and of the role of this media as a vector of history and memory
Vedel, Bonnery Audrey. "La France de la BBC, 1938-1944." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOA001.
Full textLuneau-Galy, Aurélie. "La B. B. C. Et les Français : de l'écoute à l'action, 1940-1944." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30028.
Full textTurcotte, Jean-Michel. "Comment traiter les "soldats d'Hitler"? : la détention des prisonniers de guerre allemands au Canada, aux États-Unis et en Grande-Bretagne (1939-1945) : divergences et enjeux dans les relations interalliées." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31744.
Full textThis doctoral thesis explores the captivity of German prisoners of war in the hands of the three main Western Allies during the Second World War. More specifically, this work focuses on the relationships between the Canadian, British and American authorities regarding the treatment of some 600,000 “Hitler soldiers” held on their respective territories between 1940 and 1945. Such approach allows an international and transnational regard on war captivity. The relationship between the North Atlantic Allies according to captured enemy militaries indicates the political dynamics within the Alliance. Although each State applied its own detention measures and maintained its own diplomatic relation with the neutral organizations responsible for prisoners, in particular the International Committee of the Red Cross, as well as with Switzerland, the handling of these enemy soldiers was the object of a large inter-allied collaboration, while provoking important disagreement between the three holding powers. Contrary to the existing historiography, which often analyzes war detention in a national context, this thesis shows that the Allies established and developed war captivity as a transnational phenomenon. They corresponded with each other, contributed to their respective policies, participated in inter-allied projects, established common policies, met periodically for a better coordination of their actions and discussed their problems related to the detention of war, the solutions provided, and finally to share their positions on the Geneva Convention of 1929, the labour program, the denazification attempts and the repatriation of the captives by the end of 1945. The captivity of the German soldiers is thus the result of a mutual influence between the three North Atlantic Allies, resulting from the experiences of each Detaining Power. Following this approach, this study indicates that Canada, often considered a secondary power in historiography, played a determining role in the treatment of German prisoners. Through their experience as a detaining power with more than 35,000 prisoners on their territory, Canadian authorities strove to respect international law and widely shared their jailer expertise with their Allies. This research suggests that Canadian authorities’ experience had contributed to US and British policies. This point challenge the argument that Canadians played only a “spectator” role ...
Kurkosh, Hussain. "La Grande-Bretagne et la Deuxième Guerre mondiale dans les romans et les nouvelles de H. E. Bates (1939-1959)." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040129.
Full textAʻẓamī, Walīd Ḥamdī al. "Rashid Ali Al-Gailani and the nationalist movement in Iraq : 1939-1941 : a political and military study of the British campaign in Iraq and the national revolution of May 1941 /." London : Darf publ, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35657483f.
Full textMak, Ariane. "En grève et en guerre. Les mineurs britanniques au prisme des enquêtes du Mass Observation (1939-1945)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH095.
Full textDuring the Second World War, coal was essential to Britain’s war effort. Yet, in 1940-1944, the coal industry accounted for almost half of all strikes. Surprisingly, industrial relations studies have given little attention to the way ‘ordinary miners’ thought about militancy in wartime. Using thickly-textured empirical studies, this thesis unveils how these strikes were experienced and legitimized by the miners. It aims to explore these strikes from below, grounded in the daily life of mining communities. It asks: how did the conflict between patriotism and social justice express itself, both in the mine and at the pub? A central focus of the thesis is on the way the war disrupted the normative worlds and moral economy of miners on strike.A first important avenue of research is centered on Order 1305 which outlawed strikes and criminalized strikers. This thesis starts by providing a detailed analysis of the ways Order 1305 was used and of the difficulties encountered by the ministries in prosecuting strikers. Using a little-known Mass Observation survey, it then provides a reassessment of the January 1942 strike at Betteshanger Colliery, Kent, which has come to symbolize the failure of Order 1305. It then turns to another untapped source: that of the protest letters sent to the Ministry of Labour and the Home Office in the aftermath of the Betteshanger miners’ trial. This thesis then examines how the cry for fair wages became a burning issue for miners in wartime. It highlights the important role played by changing status and gender hierarchies in these claims. In this section, the thesis first turns to the 1942 strikes and to the South Wales pit boys’ strikes. It then pays particular attention to the comparisons made by striking miners with the munitions workers’ high wages. A new perspective on this issue is provided by the survey undertaken by Mass Observation in Blaina and Nantyglo, two Welsh mining towns where miners and munitions workers were close neighbours. They reveal how, within the mining communities, these claims for “fair wages” were connected to issues of consumption, morality, gender, and respectability. Finally, the thesis argues for the need to include Bevin Boys into our understanding of the 1944 Porter Award Strikes. This thesis offers a “historical ethnography”, combining the following features:: first, an analysis of Mass Observation mining surveys; second, a study of the research design and methods of these wartime surveys; third, 43 oral history interviews conducted with miners and Bevin Boys in the very mining communities studied by Mass Observation. In that sense, this thesis also contributes to the history of Mass Observation (1937-1949), which still constitutes a neglected episode in the history of British social sciences
Rocha, Alexandre Luis. "Alliances équivoques et rivalités anglo-américaines au coeur de l'Atlantique : l'archipel des Açores entre Seconde Guerre mondiale et Guerre froide (1942-1948)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010551.
Full textZielinski, Madeline. "La représentation de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Grande-Bretagne : analyse comparée." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30050/document.
Full textThe Second World War occupies a central place in British collective memory. The war, which is considered to be a national myth in Britain, remains pervasive in the British public debate to the point that some commentators call it a national obsession. The war constitutes one of the facets of Britishness at a time when British national identity is much debated and open to question. The representations of the Second World War in Scotland, Wales and Ireland are examined in order to determine whether the war is a British myth or an English myth. Scottish nationalist aspirations, for instance, seem to have an influence on the way the conflict is represented in Scotland. At a time when Britain is more than ever ethnically diverse, this study seeks to determine the extent to which former colonial peoples are able to recognise themselves in the traditional representations of the war which dominate the public debate in Britain. In the midst of an unprecedented boom in remembrance, the Bomber Command crews are an exception. Although their role in the combined bomber offensive (which caused thousands of victims among the German civilian population) had been subjected to much criticism and excluded bomber crews from the myth of the war, they are now hailed as heroes in Britain. Bomber Command’s newly-found heroic status is a turning point in the historiography of the air offensive and the British public debate
Jorge, Anita. "« Blended together in one great symphony » : documentaires officiels britanniques de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et paysage sonore de la nation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0073_JORGE.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the treatment of the soundscape of World War II Britain in British propaganda of the period. More specifically, it focuses on how the Ministry of Information sought to handle Britain’s wartime sonic environment through the projection of propaganda messages and the control of information and cultural productions. This resulted, on the one hand, in an attempt to neutralize the sounds of war that the government, with the support of the scientific community, considered harmful to the physical and mental health of British citizens during the Blitz. On the other hand, the propaganda principles formulated by the government such as the “People’s War” or the idea that British people were “pulling together”, were specifically illustrated by several “aural icons” that were considered typical of the British nation. At the heart of my study lies the analysis of the soundtracks of official propaganda films commissioned, produced or sponsored by the Films Division of the Ministry of Information. From the beginning of the war, the British General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit was integrated into the Ministry and renamed the Crown Film Unit. Its role throughout the war was therefore, alongside the Army Film Unit and independent documentary units – such as the Shell Film Unit, Strand Film Company, Realist Film Unit and Spectator Short Films – to convey the government’s messages through short, medium and feature-length documentaries. What I demonstrate is that the government’s propaganda principles as well as their extolling of the British nation and its people, and of their superiority over Nazi Germany, were reflected in the treatment of the soundtrack of these films. Through a creative sound aesthetics, these films endeavoured to “harmonize” the sounds of the nation and establish a musical order within discrete sounds, as well as soundmarks encouraging the British people to resist in the face of adversity
Artuso, Vincent. "La collaboration au Grand-Duché de Luxembourg durant la seconde guerre mondiale (1940-1945) : attentisme, coopération, assimilation." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010590.
Full textJoncas, Gilles. "Winston Churchill : une analyse historiographique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28957.
Full textPau-Heyriès, Béatrix. "Le transfert des corps des militaires de la Grande Guerre : étude comparée France-Italie 1914-1939." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30058.
Full textAt the beginning of the war, transporting bodies was forbidden in France and Italy on the battle-fields. Death was a matter of State. As the latter, french and italian States refused nameless bodies, they decided to pay attention to military losses. In spite of all these efforts, nothing was done at the end of the war. Both latin States had to look for their dead soldiers on the battle-fields : burials, placing in the coffin, body-transportation, and re-burials in the war cemetaries. On order to deal with numerous expectations from the families and to ensure equality of all to the death, the bodies were sent back home at the expense of the State
Nouat, Romaric. "Soigner la Grande Guerre : Le Service de Santé aux Armées dans la 9e région militaire durant la Première Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2002/document.
Full textDuring the World War I, health care and supervision of soldiers are essential for the continuation of the war. Indeed, the French Army has millions of seek and wounded people during the battles and 1,400,000 dead people. The study of the hospital’s organization in the 9th French Military District shows an unknown history: those of soldier’s care in areas far from the battlefront. This study demonstrates the adaptation of this hospital’s organization to the evolution of the conflict and the care. It shows the function of each person who participates in these care: Red Cross “Croix Rouge”, Army Health Service, inhabitants, and civilian authorities. This study is showing which care are given to seek and wounded soldiers in this area and who are the medical practitioners who are giving the care. During the World War I, the 9th French Military District steadily becomes a secondary area in the chirurgical emergencies, but an important area for the soldier’s medical supervision
Georges, Raphaël. "Les soldats alsaciens-lorrains de la Grande Guerre dans la société française (1918-1939)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG015.
Full textThis thesis examines the place reserved for Alsatian and Lorrainer soldiers of the Great War in postwar French society, from 1918 until the end of the 1930s. It is indeed because of the history of their province – annexed since 1871 to the German Empire – that they are called to serve as German soldiers throughout the conflict. Yet most of them become French citizens in the aftermath of the war. In this new national setting, it is their status as former German soldiers that largely determines their return to civilian life and, to a greater extent, their social integration. We thus intend to question the practical, symbolic and memory implications of this atypical military past, in the field of French society during the interwar years. To this purpose, we firstly analyze the process of return and reception of the soldiers, the terms and conditions of assistance and support with the aim of their social reintegration – particularly for the disabled veterans – as well as the social reorganizations caused by their war experience. Secondly, we try to identify the representations that were circulated and they were subjected to, so as to understand the memory and social issues at stake that determine their place in society
Fournier, Ismaël. "La préparation pré-déploiement de l'infanterie canadienne avant le débarquement allié en Sicile : doctrine et entraînement des armées canadiennes et allemandes 1919-1944." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26015.
Full textPillot, Clémence. "“A cause for readjustment of values?”. English public schools and social inclusion (1914-1951)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL111.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the nine leading English public schools from 1914 to 1951, i.e. from the Great War to the end of the first Labour majority governments. It looks back on the interwar years, when the Muscular Christian values championed by public schools were progressively challenged, and politicised criticism was levelled at the social exclusiveness of the private system. This study shows that during World War Two, public schools were confronted to bombings, the calling-up of masters, evacuation schemes and the war effort, and appeared more attuned to the national community. Lead players in the field of private education also expressed their wish to maintain a spirit of national cooperation beyond the war years. However, this work finally suggests that the educational reforms of the 1940s, including the Fleming Report, which recommended the admission of 25% of students from state schools, failed to bring public schools more in line with the state system in the post-war period
Christophe, Anne. "La Grande Guerre dans les images de presse en France, 1919-1939 /." [S.l.] : [A. Christophe], 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40993815v.
Full textZerner, Sylvie. "Travail domestique et force de travail : ouvrières et employées entre la première guerre mondiale et la grande crise." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100129.
Full textBouchard, Carl. "Projets citoyens pour une paix durable, en France, en Grande-Bretagne et aux États-Unis (1914-1924)." Thèse, Paris 3, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16801.
Full textDuménil, Anne. "Le soldat allemand de la Grande Guerre : institution militaire et expérience du combat." Amiens, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AMIE0004.
Full textAndrivon, Milton Sabine. "La Martinique et la grande guerre." Antilles-Guyane, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AGUY0103.
Full textBock, Fabienne. "Un parlementarisme de guerre : recherches sur le fonctionnement de la Troisième République pendant la Grande guerre." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0020.
Full textBlanc, Isabelle. "La reconstruction des bâtiments publics dans l'Aisne après la Grande Guerre." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0008.
Full textBouloc, François. "Les profiteurs de la Grande Guerre en France : histoire culturelle et socio-économique." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20111.
Full textBetween 1914 and 1918, in order to face with the huge requirements of a 52 months-long total war, a mixed system is improvised to manage supplies of raw materials, transport or even workers. The state put in orders to industrialists or go-betweens. As a result, working for the national defence is basically an opportunity of profits for many industrialists in different sectors. Both felt imagined, war profits quickly become unacceptable. After only a few months of conflict, vehement indignation in opposition of them can be found among large parts of the public opinion, even moderate. Denouncement is of course widespread among soldiers. A specific taxation can be seen as an answer to the imperious requests of the public opinion: it is implemented in july 1916, and it provides the unreleased archives for studying the topic considered here. Trying to recognize the part played both by fantasies and concrete realities lead to an objectified typology of the persons or firms actually enriched, more or less, because of the war
Sibson, Sophie. "Les stigmates de la Grande Guerre : le retour des soldats blessés en Grande-Bretagne de 1918 à 1930." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR070.
Full textThis thesis centers on the difficulties wounded veterans encountered on their return to Britain after the war up to the early 1930s. In particular, the manner in which the public at large responded to these difficulties is a focal point of the analysis. At the end of the war and in the years that followed, for many British people there was a strong desire to forget the conflict and the accompanying loss and sadness. In analysing the experiences and reactions of veterans and the population as a whole three aspects were examined, namely, their intergration into : professional life, domestic life and society in general. An economic and political framework was presented at the beginning as a means of putting the return of wounded veterans into a necessary and pertinent perspective. The first part of the thesis examines the re-integration of wounded veterans into the workforce. The attitudes of several groups, including those of the government, charities, hospital authorities, employers as well as the veterans themselves were studied. The second part deals with the acceptance and consequences of wounded veterans returning to domestic life. The reactions of family, friends, the veterans themselves and society were presented. The problems of divorce, suicide and alcoholism completed this part. The final section examined the re-integration of wounded veterans into society in general ; a society still greatly under the influence of a strong, rigid image of masculinity. The consequences of devastating wounds such as disfigurement and shell-shock were discussed in this section of social integration. Additionally, the work of veterans’ associations and charities as well as various cultural representations of the integration of wounded veterans were presented
Guillot, Hélène. "Photographier la Grande Guerre : les soldats de la mémoire, 1915-1919." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010617.
Full textDepoortere, Rolande A. "La Belgique et les réparations allemandes après la première Guerre mondiale, 1919-1925." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212662.
Full textGraur, Michel. "Les religieux capucins français engagés dans la Grande Guerre (1914-1930)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0030.
Full textIn august 1914, the french monks of the Franciscan order founded in 1528 by Matteo Bascio, fa away from their country, following the application of the anti-congregationist laws, responded well to the patriotic call of the war. Within the period of 4 and half years, a certain number of the monks of this order had exercised diverse actions within the army. Many knew of the life in trenches and its misery, the material suffering, both physically and morally, the offensive and counter-offensive stages, some certain periods of unending idleness. This event resulted in the Great War which gave them the opportunity to be close to and share in the experience of the citizens and often the foreigners as well, of varying social classes. Therefore several questions are asked to the historian by the presence in the army of men considered as "segregati" by a large part of public opinion: the minister whose service is close to the mobilized has the main aim to ensure a form of spiritual life which corresponds with their religious engagement. . . As members of a religious missionary congregation, they endeavour to convert some of their army companions to God and to reconcile two clearly contradictory values : patriotism and religious ideal
Bonzon, Thierry. "Les assemblées locales parisiennes et leur politique sociale pendant la Grande Guerre (1912-1919)." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010539.
Full textAntier-Renaud, Chantal. "La Seine-et-Marne, un département dans la grande guerre 1914-1918." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010633.
Full textThe study of what called "la grande guerre" in the Seine-et-Marne department, shows a peculiar situation in one of the Ile-de-France department due to its localisation. Indeed, this department very near from the front line, is twice (1914 and 1918) under the fire of the "battle of Marne". It has to accept the instructions from several authorities such as paris camp, the armies zone, the inside zone and the "etapes zone". The main difficulty comes from the constant evolution of these different authorities zones. The multiplication of civil and military authorities, as well as organisations created by the French government itself, increases the inertia of the economic activity (agriculture for most of it) and slows down its industrial conversion. It strenghens the economical, political and religious opposition between the north and the south of the department. In spite of censorship, the public opinion shows clearly its desagreement throughout the newspapers of all political tendances. Due to this particularly complicated situation, the general commanding the fifth region, has many difficulties in developping with its four departments (lLoiret, Loir-et-Cher, Yonne and Seine-et-Marne), the local economy requested by the war situation. In fact, these difficulties will remain at the beginning of the post-war period. After the war, the government's power is still strong, showing out the previous economy problems of the Seine-et-marne department, as well as briging up new solutions. Facing the war consequences, this department is looking for its independance toward Paris'developpment
Romanova, Mariya. "La politique étrangère française et l’Ukraine de la fin de la Première Guerre Mondiale à 1921." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040067.
Full textThe I World War’s bursting changes the political balance in the central and oriental Europe. The collapse of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires favours new state-nations’ birth, in particulary the one of Ukraine. The young country torn during some centuries appears on two empires’ ruins. The new Ukrainian government confronts powerful opponents: the Volunteer Army and the Red Army. On the Ukrainian politicians’ mind, Provisional Government’s politics contrary to the principle of self-determination of nations. The Russian Provisory Government’s leaders headed by Alexander Kerensky and Bolsheviks headed by Vladimir Lenin protest against the Ukrainian independent state’s constitution. Their aim consists to conserve Ukraine under the Russian guardianship. In these conditions, Ukraine is searching for the military assistance of two adverse warring camps: those of Allied nations and Central Powers. There are two political tendencies in France. Some dignitaries consider that former Russian colonies should fight with Allied countries and Russia against Central Powers. This group of politicians is favorable to the reconstruction of the one and indivisible Russian empire. Military forces’ gathering is based on the self-determination principle. Their aim is to create a permanent body to promote the cause of national self-determination. The second tendency represented by Jean Pélissier privileged the fight against bolshevist forces with the young Ukrainian country. This political camp didn’t consider Ukrainian politicians to be germanophile. At the beginning of the XX th century, two adversary camps: those of Central Powers and Allied countries use the Ukrainian political asset to achieve their aims during the First World War
Vidal-Naquet, Clémentine. ""Te reverrai-je?" Le lien conjugal pendant la Grande Guerre." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983466.
Full textMastin, David. "Écoles de musique en Grande Guerre." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100204.
Full textWhen the First World War started, the French national schools and the French conservatoires of music were not the most likely institutions to participate in the war effort. Meanwhile, in Paris or in Calais, in Toulouse or in Lille (throughout occupation), the teaching of music continued. This study shows how the teaching of music in France got involved in the war effort. The diversity of the initial situations leads to many different ways of adapting to the conditions of war. Teachers and their students participated in the construction of a musical war culture: you had to banish the enemy's music whilst fortifying your own.The part played by the schools of music in the war-time works shows how the obligations of war were adapted to the local situation. The music teachers, whether they were soldiers or other mobilized personnel on the Home front, made huge conscious sacrifices that were not rewarded by the expected improvements, after the armistice and despite a collective mobilization. Nevertheless, the First World War convinced people of the utility of music as it reinforced the national pride and it was a tool for propaganda
Demiaux, Victor. "La construction rituelle de la victoire dans les capitales européennes après la Grande Guerre (Bruxelles, Bucarest, Londres, Paris, Rome)." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0082.
Full textThis work traces the history of the ritual closing ofthe war in the European capital cities after 1918. The first chapter explores the history of the public rituals in Europe since the end of the nineteenth cent ury and during th Great War. The second and third chapters deal with the celebrations organized in connection with the armistice and the end of the war in November 1918. The next three chapters address the major victory celebrations which took place after the signing of the peace treaty. Chapter 4 is a presentation and a symbolic analysis of the morphology of the three major celebrations organized in Paris, London and Brussels in July 1919. Chapter 5 focus on the organizational process. Chapte 6 explores two cases (Rome and Bucharest) where the process ofending the war proved particularly complex. Chapter 7 deals with the problem of the reception of the rites ofvictory by focusing on the Parisian case. An epilogue considers the last series ofrituals set up by the victor societies, the burials of the Unknown Soldiers. This work challenges the idea that public commemoration after the Great War was designed to meet the needs of bereaved individuals and societies. It highlights, through the study of public ritual, the existence of an inter-Allied Cultur down to the early twenties
Pappola, Fabrice. "Le “bourrage de crâne” dans la Grande Guerre : approche socioculturelle des rapports des soldats français à l’information." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20071.
Full textBeyond their human and politic aspects, national mobilizations during World War I take the form of a “dominant discourse” conveyed by whole media-related vectors in an attempt to support confidence in victory of civil and military populations. In a context of lack of information evolve, during the first months of the conflict, a news-making which diverge from war realities. Soldiers demonstrate in a constantly more visible way during the war their disinclination of what subjectively appear to them as lies purposed to hide war horrors. An expression, born in late 19th century, is soon used to qualify those practices : the “bourrage de crane” (literally “head stuffing”). Soldiers, however, feel in an acute way the need to understand and give sense to the war in which they are implicated. In a permanent seek of information, they maintain an ambivalent relation, mixing of attraction and repulsion, toward the legitimate information sources and the numerous rumors that cross front's social spaces. The purpose of this study is, by a comparative analysis and statistic examination of a corpus of intimate sources, to grasp the structure and evolutions of soldier's relations to information during war time, so as to specify the social and cultural issues inherent to the use by French soldiers of “bourrage de crane” expression and its synonyms and thus contribute to refine the comprehension of the mental environment that presided over their war experience
Mahieu, Éric. "Le personnel de l'aviation militaire française durant la Grande Guerre." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20082.
Full textThe history of French military aviation personnel in World War I is too often limited to an evocation of the flying aces and their feats. From digitized sources, such as the military aeronautics personnel database, recently put online by the Historical Defence Service, it is possible to gain a new perspective on this subject. Thanks to a database developed from military aviation personnel records and other complementary sources, an overall portrait of this personnel, including both aircrew and ground staff, is being outlined. It shows that the fifth and new service is mostly composed of young men whose civilian trade is strongly correlated to the function exercised in aviation, thus illustrating the army's pragmatism. Mainly originating from the infantry or from the Air Force itself, these men were oriented in professional aviation fields that were not necessarily linked to their urban or rural geographical origin. In fact, it appears that the make-up of the military aviation personnel exactly reflects the pre-war civilian society. Following the first months of combat, during which aviation proved to be very effective, the deficiencies in its organization and supply led to a major overhaul of an inadequate system designed in peacetime. The new organization, of which the General Aviation Reserve was one of the main pillars, gradually split into new entities. As they develop and meet new needs, they reflect an ever-increasing specialisation of services. The study of a number of individual military aviation careers reveals a wide variety of paths, destinies and trades. The aviation mechanic in particular has many little-known aspects
Soubiran, Sébastien. "De l'utilisation contingente des scientifiques dans les systèmes d'innovation des marines française et britannique entre les deux guerres mondiales, deux exemples : la conduite du tir des navires et la télémécanique." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070058.
Full textThis study deals with the military innovation process in the interwar period, and focuses particularly on the integration of scientific research. What kind of research is promoted by the military ? How is it practised ? By whom? And finally, what is at stake in the use of scientific research? I will study the interfaces between the groups involved in the innovation process: the academics, the military (officers and engineers) and the industrialists. For each, I aim to identify their specificity, the way they worked and their expertise, in order to understand what forms of collaboration arise, and what kind of conflicts may result. I chose two particular examples: the wireless control of craft on the one hand, and boat's fire control system, particularly the development of gyrocompass on the other. These two examples are interesting for many reasons. First, each group of interest in this study was involved at a different level in the development of both techniques. Secondly, they put into focus the differences between the two countries' innovation process. A thorough analysis of these innovations demonstrates how the French military engineers, trained at the Ecole polytechnique, dominated the technical and strategic choices of the French Headquarters and the Minister of the Navy. Moreover, the massive investment made by the British government in research and development for the Navy is striking. However, there is no doubt, as will be discussed, that the innovation process within the French and the British Navy in the interwar period was based on different forms of scientific knowledge. Beyond the study of the innovation process and the evaluation of the protagonists, I intended to understand how the practices of research had been truly introduced and worked in those institutions. Those practices, totally ignored by the History of Science so far, led to a new understanding of the French and British science between the World Wars
Derrien, Marie. ""La tête en capilotade" : les soldats de la grande guerre internés dans les hôpitaux psychiatriques français." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20092/document.
Full textThe primary objective of this thesis is to observe the functioning of a society plunged into war and faced with one of its consequences: the internment of soldiers suffering from mental illness. The aim is to show that we can contribute to the global history of the war by analyzing the experiences of a small group of people within a mental asylum, though their experiences may seem isolated and unrepresentative of the majority. Contrary to the implications of the purely medical literature, it was not in fact the psychiatrists alone who had an interest in the situation of these men: investigation of various kinds of archive shows that their families, fellow soldiers, senior officers, the representatives of the armed forces and the government at national, regional and local level, as well as asylum directors and their staff, reacted, intervened and took decisions concerning them. Between 1914 and 1918, and subsequently until the passing of the last interned 'poilus', the case of soldiers victims of mental illness raises issues of psychological, military, political, economic and cultural nature which transcend their individual particularities. Furthermore, these men’s histories and their voices reveal a long-overlooked dimension of the violence of war and the suffering endured by the soldiers both before and after the armistice. By examining the way in which their conditions were regarded, not only by doctors but by society as a whole, we come to ask ourselves to what extent conflict affects the way in which those who were categorized as mentally ill were perceived. Therefore the second objective of this thesis is to reflect on the role of war in transforming social intervention measures, thereby evaluating the effect of the 1914-1918 period on the evolution of psychiatric assistance during the 20th century
Lesti, Sante. "In hoc signo vinces : pratiche di consacrazione al Sacro Cuore in Italia e in Francia durante la Grande Guerra (1914-1919) : = pratiques de la consécration au Sacré Cœur en Italie et en France pendant la Grande Guerre." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0145.
Full textThe thesis offers, by the analysis of one of its crucial moments, an original interpretation of the relationship between Catholicism and Nation. Until now, historians have interpreted the legitimization/sanctification of the Great War by the European Catholic churches as a form of yielding, or concession. Anxious to demonstrate their 'patriotism' (and hence escape decades of exclusion from European lay politics), they conveniently forgot their pacifism just as they did their internationalism, as happened in the case of the summer 1914 collapse of the Second International. However, a very different picture of how the Catholic churches adhered to the Great War emerges from an analysis of the acts of consecration to the Sacred Heart. Practices of the Christianising of war and the Nations involved in fighting it speak not of concession but rather of 'action' (John L. Austin), of a symbolic reconquering, consequently suggesting that we reconsider the relationship between Catholicism and Nation, and also the integration of Catholics within the Nation-State in Italy and France in terms of 'hegemony'. A study in both histoire croisée and comparative history; this thesis not only encompasses the rituals (and the 'dreams') of French and Italian Catholics, but also the reactions of the Kingdom of Italy and the French Republic, in addition to anticlerical opinion. It aims to grasp the glances thrown between each of these 'actors', and also my own 'observer's gaze' - with its own specific cultural background and way of relating to the 'actors' I study
Sosinski, Sandrine. "Les Polonais en Grande-Bretagne (1939 à 2009) : étude d’une identité, de l’exil à l’intégration." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040086.
Full textPoland’s modern history has been bearing the mark of migration and exile. Ever since the 1830s, every decade has seen Poles finding a patriotic or economic refuge in Great-Britain, temporarily or permanently. However, before 1939, a small number of Polish-born people lived in Britain. In May 1940, the fall of France that had been a provisional asylum, hastened the influx of Polish soldiers and of the Polish Government-in-Exile, while the outcomes of the Yalta Conference in February 1945 led the Polish civilians onto the way of diaspora again. Most of those 160,000 Poles were born into the infant Second Republic of Poland that was independent from 1918 to 1939. Their backgrounds were varied. Nevertheless, whatever their aspirations for the future might have been, most expected to pursue them in an independent Poland after WWII. The bipolar world of 1945 decreed otherwise, for their motherland only gained back a very relative independence
Grillot, Thomas. "L'héritage patriotique : mémoire de la Grande Guerre et anciens combattants amérindiens aux États-Unis (1917-1947)." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0122.
Full textCase studies of Indian communities throughout the United States, with a special focus on the Dakotas and the Standing Rock reservation invite a reexamination of the impact of World War One on American Indian ethnie identity. Like other minorities, Native Americans used their contribution to the war effort to contest their position vis-à-vis majority society. Contrary to others, however, they relied on nativism to uphold their rights, whether enshrined in treaties or based on a newly acquired American citizenship. During Memorial Day and Armistice Day celebrations, memories of the Great War were mobilized to rehabilitate ethnic heroes and histories and strengthen tribal and racial identities: the modern powwow eventually came out of those discursive and technical innovations. As symbols of a warrior past and community heroes, Native American veterans played a central role in the workings of memory. They also carried their own generational experience, one of mobility and greater openness unto the non-Indian world. This rich experience did not necessarily translate into political capital, but helped make veterans some of the most vocal participants or opponents of the major reform of the 1930s in Indian Affairs: John Collier's Indian New Deal. In doing so, they turned out to be decisive contributors to the redefinition of American Indian identities in the 20th century
Savoye, André. "La vie quotidienne dans la banlieue Nord et Nord Ouest de Paris pendant la Grande Guerre." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040027.
Full textWhen World War I bursts, the northern part of “la Seine” department, preserved from military operations , takes part nevertheless by means of requisitions in the effort devoted to the defence of France. This suburb hardly knows fire but through the German air raids and explosions occurring in ammunitions dumps. The first consequences of war are the shifts in population which affect it in the beginning and throughout the conflict, in particular the ceaseless flood of the refugees fleeing the german army. Suffering from the lack and dearness of foodstuffs and fuel, it could, thanks to the interventionist policy of their local representatives, pass this difficult period of time not without some deprivations but through debts contracted by their communes. However, the conflict is for the north and northwestern suburb of Paris, a time of full employment which contrast with the post-war situation. The rise of industry provides jobs to long established residents and to newcomers, but due to the vertiginous rise of the cost of living, the last years of war see a development of important social movements as well as a progression of the socialists ideas in a materially and morally deteriorated environment
Bernard, Amaury. "Une guerre en suspens, 26 août 1939-10 mai 1940 : quand les combattants allemands, britanniques et français attendaient." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100100/2019PA100100.pdf.
Full text"Sitzkrieg", "Phoney war" and "Drôle de guerre" are usually the terms used to describe the period from September 1st, 1939 to May 10th, 1940, marked by the absence of combat and boredom at the front. However, these terms conceal or even essentialize a more complex time, when memories of the Great War and the modernities of combat were intertwined. The comparison of German, British and French combatants from their mobilization - on 26 August 1939 for the Germans - to the launching of the campaign in the West, highlights this all too often forgotten period.Based on the front journals, diaries, letters and war diaries of the soldiers, but also official archives, this thesis questions the way in which the war that took place during the period from from September 1st, 1939 to May 10th, 1940, by its originality and atypical character, transformed the representations of German, British and French soldiers.This thesis has focused on showing that this pending war is defined first of all by the expectation of combat. The waiting months are for them a period of apprenticeship or relearning of the soldier's trade. This thesis then wanted to show that in all three armies, there is a questioning of the identity specific to combatants. It is a question of rediscovering a legitimacy, a meaning in their place, in their role in this war where they cannot fulfil their primary function, that of fighting
Cavagnini, Giovanni. "Il nazionalismo cattolico nella Grande Guerra (1914-1918) : un confronto tra protagonisti : i cardinali di Pisa e di Parigi." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE4010.
Full textThe bishops of the countries involved in World War I (1914-1918) chose to stand on their country's side, stating that military victory was necessary to end the conflict and to get back to a christian way of life, as the Pope wished. This work aims at explaining the behaviour of two cardinals who became in those years symbols of the harmony between religious faith and patriotism: the archbishop of Pisa Pietro Maffi and the archbishop of Paris Léon-Adolphe Amette. The thesis is divided in four sections. The first one is dedicated to the way the bishops dealt with the modernity arisen from 1789 and to their efforts to recreate a christian society through the saints' cult, catholic science, political organisation and nationalism. The second section focuses on 1914-1918, when Maffi and Amette openly supported the political authorities of their countries despite the tension between these ones and the Vatican. The third and the fourth section are dedicated to the war memory, celebrated by the bishops – and after their death by their assistants, friends and successors – to stress the catholics' loyal attitude towards the State. Although extreme (the european episcopate was not always chauvinist), Maffi and Amette's case sheds light on the mixture between catholicism and the patriotic religion that was among the causes of the resistance to the sufferings and sacrifices typical of the total war