Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945 – Mouvements de résistance – France'
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Guillon, Jean-Marie. "La Résistance dans le Var : essai d'histoire politique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10017.
Full textThis study is above all political. It is departmental and regional and covers the period from 1940 to the present. After introducing the Var, it follows the setting-up of the Vichy regime and the formation of an early opposition, expressing itself by spontaneous acts, and the subsequent formation of resistance groups organised before the occupation. It shows how they fitted into the local republican spirit. The evolution of public opinion under the successive occupations, italian and german, and faced with accumulated contraints precedes the analysis of the three poles around which the whole resistance revolved : the m. U. R. , the forces backing them (socialists and free masons) and the institutional part they played, the intelligence network, as well as the o. R. A. And the s. A. P. , the obscure lead by the communist party. This resistance was at the origin of one of the first c. D. L. In france, but it was beset by increasingly bitter internal conflicts which gradually eroded the political and military hegemony of the m. U. R. This tension deepened in the spring of 1944 and especially after the mobilization of 6th june, during this memorable period of history
Douzou, Laurent. "Le mouvement de résistance Libération-Sud (1940-1944)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010640.
Full textOut of the three main resistance movements created in the southern zone of France in 1940-1941, liberation-sud was the only one which had never been studied as a whole yet. The thesis is divided into three parts. First,it stresses the "prehistoric" period of the movement (autumn 1940-march 1941), when a small group was formed to gather those who did not intend to follow the French government of Vichy. The second part (march 1941-december 1942) studies the movement itself. The chronology of its growth, the periodisation of its activity,the personnality of those who helped its developpement,the way the movement worked and organized its services,its settlement in the various regions and districts (which allows to outline a sociology of its members) : such are the themes treated. The third part studies the thought and the political strategy of the movement between 1941 and 1944 through a study of its underground press on the one hand, and by focusing on the links it developped with the other movements and with Général De Gaulle's authority on the other hand. It deals especially with a question often tackled by historians: that of communist
Ebako, Éliane. "Le ralliement du Gabon à la France Libre : une guerre franco-française (septembre-décembre 1940)." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040051.
Full textFrom september to december 1940, Gabon was the theatre of military action between Frenchmen. These fights put to grips Gaullists and Vichysts. Coming from Cameroon in the North, and from Pointe Noire (French Congo) in the South, the Free French Forces rallied this colony, starting from inland, seldom by persuasion, most of the time by armed forces. Facing the authorities of this territory, which were stubbornly loyal to Vichy, General de Gaulle was compelled to go over to the offensive in order to break down the resistance of this colony. The point was to destroy this vichyst bridgehead so as to use this small territory as a back basis, in order to resume fighting at the side of the British Forces, especially on the Libyan battlefront. Libreville was the most important place for the operations of this civil war, which has been now willingly forgotten
Lacour-Astol, Catherine. "La Résistance féminine : répression et reconnaissance (1940-début des années 1950) : l'exemple du Nord." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0050.
Full textThe North of France, which was twice occupied by the German army, is an ideal area from which to examine the gender of the Resistance as well as the development of women’s constructions. This thesis aims at approaching the women’s Resistance and its representations, by means of repression and gratitude. The repression, as conducted by the OFK 670, revealed an earlier and diverse Resistance, the original feature of which lied in assistance. The repression also displayed the autonomy of women’s commitment to the Resistance. The majority of the female victims of the German repression have acted in an individual way. Nevertheless, the repression which touched them depended on sexual difference, through its chronology, its methods, its intensity. Post-war years were the time of a contrasted and ephemeral recognition. The political scene and field of honors opened up to the female members of the Resistance. Studying the different actors of gratitude (Resistance organizations, local powers, members of Resistance), its chronology – during the war, and once the war was over – and its cultural determiners, showed that women themselves represented the most important brake to the recognition of female resisters and women’s Resistance. Female members of Resistance had no interest in social recognition, thus they have ignored the step to obtain medals or status of « volunteer fighter of the Resistance ». At the same time, they have played a small role in the building of the Resistance memory, which can explain why, in the case of women, the figure of the victim competes with that of the Resistant
Boivin, Michel. "Les manchois dans la tourmente de la guerre, 1939-1945." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1378.
Full textWieviorka, Olivier. "Destins d'un mouvement de résistance : défense de la France." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010591.
Full textDefense de la France" is a resistance movement localized in northern France. At the beginning, the movement prints a newpaper ; then, it makes false identity documents and creates "maquis". Mostly parisian, D. F. Is also implanted in brittany and burgondy and attracts more and more members, 3. 000 in august 1944. In spite the differences between the members, the movement creates a real unity which lies on the actions it propounds. Untill 1942, it believies in Petain's double jeu but since january 1943, it accepts to join Charles de Gaulle. In 1944, Defense de la France. Creates a newspaper, France-Soir, and a political movement, the mln. But these endeavours fail
Vedel, Bonnery Audrey. "La France de la BBC, 1938-1944." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOA001.
Full textPuybouffat-Merrien, Rose. "Vichy et les femmes : ordre moral, contrôle social, accommodement et résistances : famille, jeunesse, travail." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0018.
Full textHoffmann, Elisabeth. "La mémoire de la « Résistance » au prisme d’une histoire comparée des associations d’anciens résistants du Luxembourg, de l’Alsace, de la Moselle et de la Belgique de l’Est (1944-2017)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0053/document.
Full textThe present thesis, which has been accomplished with the support of the Fonds national de la Recherche du Luxembourg and within the research project “Partizip 2” at the University of Luxembourg (partizip.uni.lu) as well as in a cotutelle with the University of Lorraine, is an analysis of the memory of “Resistance” in Luxembourg, Alsace, Moselle and East Belgium. from 1944 to 2017. These territories were (de facto) incorporated within the Third Reich after the German invasion of Western Europe on the 10th of May of 1940. During the research, various asymmetries between these territories at the level of memory medias such as monuments, museums or legal statuses as a tribute to former resistance members were noticed. However, these memory asymmetries do not only appear between the state of Luxembourg and the French and Belgian regions, but also between the regions themselves. Thus the difference between the national and regional levels seems to be an accurate explanation if we compare the Grand-Duchy with the French and Belgian regions, but it does not allow us to understand the memory variations between these regions. Which are then the reasons that causes these memory asymmetries? Or in other words: which factors do contribute to the intensification of the memory of “Resistance”? In order to determine these factors, a comparative study of associations of former resistance members in Luxembourg, Alsace, Moselle and Est Belgium was undertaken, as they are crucial memory actors who often initiate the memory medias mentioned above
Baldenweck, Michel. "De la Résistance au rétablissement de la légalité républicaine en Normandie : histoire de la Seine Inférieure (1943-1946) de l'occupation à la Libération." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUEL004.
Full textWe analyze the return to legality and Republican organization processes and decisions of the resistance and their effects in Seine Inferieure from 1943 to 1946. The study of the evolution of new political balance in the department since 1936 and is part of a description and analysis of new administrative and economic organizations : the regional prefects and intendants, the state police, specialized services repression against the resistance. We analyzed the main power groups : the Catholic Church, the Freemasons, the Jewish community, economic organizations, political parties, trade unions. . . It is also an analysis of the continuity of the state in the context of war, occupation, collaboration and the Liberation and during the purification. Particular attention was paid to the Resistance : its formation, its components, its business and its staff, its action at the exit of War, the establishment and functioning of the Departmental Commitee of National Liberation (CDLN) and local commitees (CLLN). We analyzed the output of War and the various problems facing the Seine inferieure and more generally in Normandy. The task of the authorities was immediately to face, once calm was restored, supplies in the clearing, sea and land mine clearance, reconstruction, the return of deportees and required the STO, the management of German POWs, restart the business activity, including the reopening of ports and rail links and waterways. Attention was paid to the political and administrative treatment, to that of businesses and the conclusions of the commission of illegal profits, internments, the courts of justice and civic Rooms were created in 1944
Lehr, Johanna. "La résistance fait(e) école : La deuxième guerre mondiale et les projets éducatifs juifs en France." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010329.
Full textPollack, Guillaume. "A travers les frontières : la résistance des réseaux (1940-1945)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H045.
Full textThis thesis is the first global study about French Resistance networks during the Second World War (1940-1945). We ask several questions. How did these organisations break out political borders built in Europe by the Nazis after their victory in France in May-June 1940 ? How did these networks construct communications beyond these borders (by air, earth and sea) with the Allied secret services in only four years ? Finally, through the study of fighting experience, the role distribution in these networks and the question of repression, we also wonder : how did the clandestine war disrupt gender relations between men and women fighting against the Nazis ?
Aglan, Alya. "Le mouvement Libération-Nord, 1940-1947 : un engagement politique dans la résistance." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0017.
Full textThis study reconstitutes the history of one of the great resistance movements of the northern zone which grew out of converging initiatives of first confederated and christian trade unionits and later, from the socialists. The study is divided into three parts : journal, movement, and action, which correspond to the three different stages of the history of Liberation Nord with several cross-cutting analyses, about the sociology of the movement and the solidarity networks where recruitment was made. As soon as the links with London were established, thanks to Christian Pineau's trip in March-April 1942, activities which first centered on the production and distribution of the newspaper liberation started to spread, through the networks Cohors and Phalanx, to economic and political intelligence. At the start of 1943, the mouvement dedicated itself to the organisation of the secret army while redoubling its efforts in the struggle against the STO. By 1944 Liberation Nord became a complex structure having developed, besides its numerous militant ramifications, a true apparatus for military combat, without ever giving up its primary vocation of political propaganda, an activity which will it will continue to pursue even after the Liberation
Barasz, Johanna. "De Vichy à la Résistance : les vichysto-résistants 1940-1944." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0003.
Full textThe “Vichysto-resistants” can be defined as active French resisters who had been genuine advocates of the French State; in other words, men who had supported, not only the Marshal Pétain himself, but also the Vichy regime, its ideology and the policies it carried out under the German rule. Whether from an ideological, an organisational, a strategic or a relational point of view, their resistance experience was shaped by their Vichy experience. This thesis aims at elucidating the Vichysto-resistant paths of metamorphosis. We will highlight the bridges between Vichy and the Resistance underground movements that allowed individuals and groups to cross the frontier between two apparently opposed communities. These bridges existed both in the “Vichysto-resistants’” representations as well as in the concrete relationships they established with the underground movements. We will then establish the distinctive political and organisational features of the “Vichysto-resistants’” resistance and show how they were influenced by the institutional position they had occupied within the regime and the contacts they had maintained with Vichy officials. Finally, we will expose the modalities of the Vichysto-resistants’ integration within the Resistance in the process of unification. We will see how this incorporation affected the identity building processes of the Resistance as a whole. Indeed, faced with the rivalry the Vichysto-resistants represented, the Resistance was compelled to formulate its identity and, in a way, to draw the limits of its community
Martin, Patrick-André. "La Résistance dans le département de la Drôme : 1940-1944." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040077.
Full textThe Drôme, a transitional department and a manifold crossroad (geographical, regional, political, religious), has experienced many situations similar to those of France from 1940 to 1944, particularly those concerning the Resistance : civil, military, Movements, Networks, maquis (among them the one of the Vercors), etc. It's a good observation post of the relations which have woven between all those components, a good model of which it is, which allow to consider it as a human, organized, dynamic, open, multiple decision-maker system, with nebulous frontiers. Its appearance is minor, spontaneous, ubiquitous, it finds a favourable environment for its development. Its organisations are initiating from those pre-existing in the society before the war. It grows exponentially. Population provides it support and logistics. Drôme shows phenomena of notability, patrimoniality, functionnality, intentionnality, availability. The special features of the Résistance in the Drôme are due to its geography, its history and its culture. They are independent of the Resistance while interacting with it. The Resistance is one of the components which maintain the republican system after the war. Each social, political, cultural, religious, professional group may count some one's people, more or less numerous, among the Resistants, and may quote them as an example. Some Resistants are polyvalents, having several activities in the Résistance, members of several organisations. They are often key-men of the system. For that reason, the unity of the Resistance, both civil and military, has been very soon achieved in the Drôme. Rules which allow to study the Resistance are quite simple, but the games played are complicated. There are simultaneously unity and diversity. This system reproduce itself, basically, independently of the time and the place. Only the form changes : culture and time introduce irregularities of Resistance, according to the influence of circumstances on this phenomenon, both natural and cultural, on the way how it construct itself and the multiple roles it played
Luneau-Galy, Aurélie. "La B. B. C. Et les Français : de l'écoute à l'action, 1940-1944." Bordeaux 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30028.
Full textBertrand-Chaud, Sophie. "Turma-Vengeance : un mouvement de résistance apolitique en zone Nord (1940-1946)." Saint-Etienne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STET2099.
Full textTurma-Vengeance has been fouded, since January 1941 by Victor Dupont, Raymond Chanel and François Wetterwald. Three résistance groups are elaborating : escape, intelligence and action. Escape is on of the first installed by Raymond Chanel, in Nièvre, who joins with Vengeance group, soma agents from the Armée des Volontaires. Victor Dupont has created many little résistance groups distributed in North Zone. In November 1942, after German invasion of the South Zone, Victor Dupont allies with Ceux de La Libération to preserve a contact with Allied. Passy names the intelligence corps, Turma. In 1943, Victor Dupont and François Wetterwald have succeeded in spreading out Corps Francs in nine North Zone areas. Action groups are formed including The Special Section. Associated with Libre Patrie, Libération and Confrérie Notre Dame, they establish connections on Belgium. The law at last on year 1943 and see 1944 put an end to Turma. With the training of military manager, in the School of Cerisy Belle Etoile and the secret honour Committee, Vengeance recoves. Estimated by British S. A. S. , for their military groups, Vengeabce troops integrated in F. F. I. , are efficients in battles of France Liberation. Not political, Vengeance will quickly break away from C. D. L. L. In 1945 and 1946. Come back from concentration camps, the founders are working for the recognition of their movement and create a Friendly Society to regroup Turma-Vengeance ex-servicemen
Boulet, François. "Les montagnes françaises 1940-1944 : des montagnes-refuges aux montagnes-maquis." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20112.
Full textThree chronologies, topographies and morals emerge from this "geohistory" (Fernand Braudel) of the french mountains between 1940 and 1944. First, Marshall Petain's mountains from 1940 to 1942, where the local way of life or "temperament" (André Siegfried) can be found in the traditional values. "Petinophile" patriotism, different from "vichysme" prevails, particulary in the eastern border mountains, with anti-german and anti-italian feelings symbolised by the Marshall Petain Peak (3507 m. ) and the novel "Premier de cordée" by patriot writer Roger Frison-Roche. The time of withdrawal and "shield" begins after the defeat, with a new feeding and attractive mountain. Then, from 1941 to 1943, mountains become "swiss", like a proverb. They openly reject the policy of collaboration with the Germans and stand in favour of a pro-allied neutrality. Black or grey markets flourish mainly in luxury tourist villages, thus giving rise to anti-tourist and anti-jew feelings - not to be confounded with anti-semitism. On the other hand, protestant mountain appears morally and spiritually with the welcome of jewish population. At last, and from the days of the STO law (16/02/1943), mountains become "balkanic" (Winston Churchill) with the heroic time of "maquis". In 1943, the mountains shelter 100,000 young "refractaires" supported by the local farmers whom they eventually help. By the end of 1943, warlike passions prevail : mountains become terrifying with early "maquis" of Haute-Savoie and Correze, up the capital's maquis, Grenoble and the famous meeting of 1944 : Glières, Mont Mouchet and Vercors. Local villagers fear the false maquis and german reprisals. To conclude : the "beautiful" refuge-mountain for Jews and "refractaires" and the "sublime" maquis-mountain of maquis are to be distinguished the one from the other ; marginal mountain can be seen in the center of the history of occupied France
Fratissier, Michel. "Jean Moulin. Enjeux et lieux de mémoire, 1945-2000." Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30035.
Full textOn december 19th 1964, Jean Moulin's ashes were brougt to the Pantheon during a great ceremony as if he were a head State and deservedly so. This master's thesis aims to grasp when, how and why Jean Moulin was chosen to be a hero of the french Resistance and the target of criticism. Unlike the hypotheses that have already bean assumed, the analysis of the vectors of memory stresses that Jean Moulin was praised as sonn as 1945. 1964, 1969, 1981, 1983, are major dates, the key to understand the chronology of remembrance. Recollecting is carried out owing to complicated networks, combining local and national personalities, past traditional political divisions. The conventional pattern of opposition between two type of memory, Communist and Gaullist, is too simplistic as far as Jean Moulin is concerned. The attempts to destabilize the hero fail. Nowadays Jean Moulin has become a genuine fact of history
Vast, Cécile. "Une histoire des Mouvements Unis de Résistance (de 1941 à l'après-guerre) : Essai sur l'expérience de la Résistance et l'identité résistante." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596588.
Full textThesmar, François. "L'Ordre de la Libération ou Les compagnons par eux-mêmes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991IEPP0015.
Full textBougeard, Christian. "Le choc de la guerre dans un département breton : les Côtes-du-nord des années 1920 aux années 1950." Rennes 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986REN20008.
Full textIn the 1980's, "the Côtes-du-Nord " a rural Breton department is noted for its majority vote for the left, in the heart of a Brittany which generally tends to be biased towards the right wing. This evolution, initiated at the beginning of the 20th century, has re-emerged, profiting from the radicalism of the 1930's. Because of the great depression and of the political and social struggles from 1934 to 1938, the S. F. I. O. , then the P. C. F. , still relatively ineffective, have sown the first seeds of their later success. The decisive turn around comes about with the German occupation (economic pillage, repression, ect. . . ) Because the population rejects quickly the occupiers, the collaborating parties and the Vichy regime especially in the West region and in the Tregor. The resistance is born in 1941 and 1942 (networks, first sabotages); the P. C. F. Reorganises itself and acts in conjunction with the f. T. P. F. The movements develop in 1943 ("Front national, Libé Nord, Défense de la France"). In 1943 and 1944, the actions of the resistance increase and prepare for the rising "en masse" of the maquis and the F. F. I. 's who make a decisive contribution to the American forces for the liberation after a short period of duality of powers after the liberation, a new balance of political power emerges. The Marxist left has the majority in 1946 (1st P. C. F. , 2nd S. F. I. O. ) ahead of the M. R. P. (1rst party), the U. D. S. R. And the radicals under the leadership of r. Pleven who becomes one of the principal Breton notables towards 1950. The economy and the society evolve little despite the effect of the war. Nevertheless the Breton and Gallo regions demonstrate different political and social tendencies from the 1920's up to the 1950's
Jarry, Maud. "La France, les Français et les armes de représailles allemandes V1-V2, 1943-1945." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0012.
Full textThe A4 / V2 rocket and the Fi 103 / V1 flying bomb were developed at the end of 1942, at the time when the Allies began defeating the Axis Powers and when the RAF began to bombard Germany cities. These raids fed a desire for revenge against England, which these weapons made possible. From 1943 to 1945, because of the choice of the target and the range of the rockets, France and the French found themselves caught in the middle of the battle that the Germans and the Allies fought over the implementing of the V weapons. The French helped each side. They helped the Germans, whether under constraint or as volunteers, economically, socially and militarily, to build their launch ramps and to produce their weapons. On the other hand, other French fought on the side of the Allies to make the German plan fail. The French Resistance, in the front lines, informed secret services based in London, including the BCRA, providing information concerning the sites and the description of the arms. The sites were then bombarded by the RAF, which was supported by the USAAF and the FAFL. Although these attacks slowed the use of the V weapons, they also destroyed the surrounding countryside. After the D-Day, the Germans succeeded in firing their rockets. The French bases were then even more intensively bombed until the allied troops captured them at the end of the summer. Their inspection, carried out sometimes with French interested by this new technology, as well as the discovery of the rockets themselves, provided the technical basis of modern rocket science, which in turn led to the exploration of outer space
Gregori, Sylvain. ""Forti saremu se saremu uniti" : entre continuité et ruptue, résistance(s) et société corse, juillet 1940-septembre 1943." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10085.
Full textAl, Kadouci Ossama. "La poésie de la Résistance à travers les exemples de Pierre Emmanuel, de Pierre Seghers et de quelques poètes prisonniers." Caen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CAEN1404.
Full textVirieux, Daniel. "Le front national de lutte pour la liberté et l'indépendance de la France : un mouvement de résistance. Période clandestine (mai 1941-août 1944)." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081130.
Full textOn may 27th 1941, the p. C. F. (french communist party) calls for the formation of a patriotic union - the "front national" -, which organizes itself from july 1941. The driving force and backbown of which are provided by the p. C. F. , the military branch by the "francs tireurs et partisans" (f. T. P. ), the legitimazing emblem by the "comite du front national". From the autumn 1942 onwards, the first committes engaged in that fight are led to set up a nationwide autonomus organisation run by two pluralistic "comites directeurs" (north zone and south zone). In spring 1943, this trend is encouraged by the fact that the "conseil national de la resistance" (c. N. R. ) acknowledges the status of "mouvement de resistance" to the 'fn' represented by par pierre villon. During the second semester 1943, the f. N. Grows into a nebula of organisations whose dynamism has its roots in each 'pays' (homeland) and trade. It gradually assumes the roles played before by the p. C. F. Within the front national and dedicates itself to the coordination of the 'resistance' within the "comites de la liberation" (c. D. L. ), the c. N. R. And its "bureau permanent" (b. P. ). The f. N. Has these authorities take over the running of all the operations in the 'resistance' and the coordination of the "forces francaises de l'interieur" (f. F. I. ). Under the urge of defending the maquis (february 1944). It plays a prominent part in elaborating the "programme d'action" adopted by the c. N. R. On march 15th 1944. During the fights for the "liberation", le f. N. Plays an active part in organizing the civilians into joining the "insurrection nationale", without
Langevin, Annie. "Analyse historiographique du rôle des femmes dans la Résistance française, Lucie Aubrac et ses consoeurs vues par les historiens." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ44687.pdf.
Full textBellec, Dominique. "Genèse d'un credo politique : témoignages de résistance et reconstruction des identités politiques en France et au sortir de la seconde guerre mondiale : 1943-1946." Strasbourg 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30021.
Full textThis work implies that testimonies of resistance published by political actors between 1943 and 1946 are the observable conclusion of personal stories' rewriting activity during the war. The comparison of the texts with the actual trajectories that inspired them provides a view on resistant identities' management during the phase of political reconstruction. It is then possible to apprehend the repertoires of political action which were enabled by the experience of resistance whereas the historical and institutional translation of this experience is collectively at stake. During the 4th Republic, the challenging of the institutions and the implementation of a new role of recourse in political competition will partly be the consequences of a will to carry out these repertoires. The return of General de Gaulle appears, to that regard, as the accomplishment of a mythical reorganisation of the political order, which therefore defines "the Resistance" as one of its main references
Alary, Éric. "La ligne de démarcation (1940-1944)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0036.
Full textPouvreau, Benoît. "Eugène Claudius-Petit, un politique en architecture." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010529.
Full textBalzarro, Anna. "Le Vercors et la zone libre de l'Alto Tortonese : récits, mémoire, histoire." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0058.
Full textGounand, Pierre. "Une ville française sous l'Occupation : Dijon 1940-1944." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOL004.
Full textGritli, Dhia. "L'affaire homme. La deuxième guerre mondiale dans l'oeuvre de Romain Gary." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030178.
Full textWorld War II plays a crucial role in Romain Gary’s work. Pervasive throughout his writings, it represents, for the characters, a defining moment which shapes their vision of the world. Gary places it within historical continuum as he aims to describe, floating between fiction and reality, the pre-war period as well as the following decades. In fact, the world-wide conflict haunts the memory of the survivors, both military and civilian, influencing, for some of them, the nature of their commitments in the future. Within a wide and diverse range of characters, the resistants constitute a human community in which brotherhood, born out of the struggle for a shared ideal, creates a bond that resists the passing of time and even death. There are other categories present, such as the collaborators, the Germans, the Jews, or women. For all these characters, World War II is a significant paradigm that helps them understand the world. Gary’s description follows the characters in their way towards commitment and action. These are personal journeys – including his own – described without the manichean prism or political bias, but rather with humour and even irony. The commitment of the Garian hero is an undying defence of humanism
Benestroff, Corinne. "Résistance et résilience dans l’œuvre de Jorge Semprun." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083894.
Full textBased on Carlo Ginzburg’ indiciary paradigm which interlaces History and stories, archives and live words, this cross-disciplinary research on Jorge Semprun’s genre-defying work addresses the links between the Resistance and resilience, between trauma and writing. It traces the writer’s many metamorphoses and lifelong commitment, from the Spanish Civil War to the Burgundy resistance movement, from the terror of Buchenwald to the clandestinity of the Spanish Communist Party. What is implied in the aesthetic choice of literature as a means to bear witness ? How does an « act of resistance » qualify as a process of resilience ? As an offering to the departed, how resilient is Semprun’s writing in its efforts to suspend forgetfulness and denial ? Inscribed within the conceptual field of Edgar Morin’s philosophy of complexity, linking bios to graphein, this oblique and transverse approach to Semprun’s written work leads to novel findings which go beyond the aporia of witness literature and elaborate a poetics of resilience and The Resistance
Meyer, Henning. "Le changement de la "culture de mémoire" française par rapport à la Deuxième guerre mondiale à partir de trois "lieux de mémoire" : Bordeaux, Caen et Oradour-sur-Glanne." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30044.
Full textThe subject of the PhD-thesis in contemporary history is the French memory culture of World War II. Within the opening chapters firstly the notions are defined, where this investigation is based on: the memory culture and the memory place. Secondly the situation of the French memory culture of World War II and its change will be analysed. Thirdly by introducing the museums of history of World War II the institution is pointed out, where the centre of the analysis is located. Parts one to three of the thesis are devoted to the analysis of the three selected examples: the “Centre National Jean Moulin” of Bordeaux, the “Mémorial – un muse pour la Paix” of Caen and the “Centre de la Mémoire d'Oradour-sur-Glane”. The “Centre National Jean Moulin” is the oldest out of these three examples. It came into existence by an individual initiative and is devoted to the Résistance, to the France Libre and to deportation. The “Mémorial de Caen” was thought to remember the destruction of the town within the Battle of Normandy. Instead it turned to a museum of World War II; it remembers D-Day and formulates a message of peace. The “Centre de la Mémoire” remembers the massacre of Oradour-sur-Glane committed by a unit of the Waffen-SS in 1944. The comparison of these three cases shows, that this kind of institution might have different origins, that different actors may be involved in their realization and that their aims and kind of representation may differ. The fourth part of the thesis presents the results of the analysis comparing and associating to the memory culture of World War II in France. The summary points out, that memory places and memory culture depend on each other. On one side, a memory place like a museum of history develops in harmony with the memory culture. On the other side, the memory places influence memory culture and contribute to their own existence as well as to their development
Guillon, Julien. "Dessiner le territoire de la Résistance : Essai sur la dissidence en Isère (1934-1944)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET2215/document.
Full textIn the histography of the Resistance, territory was not a subject that was really studied. As the political aspects were the favourite topics of historians, this essay, set within the framework of the department of Isère, attempts to fill this void by introducing issues linked to geography. The space in which the Resistance tried to impose its own standards brings a new approach. The territories involved were determined, bom of complex social pre-war relationships. Politics, and even family antecedents, carried the seeds of the reaction against Vichy and/or the Occupations. After a long period where these values predominated, cracks were appearing : defeat, the humiliating deprivations, all combined to trigger a diffused transgression process. This analysis thus distinguishes between two groups to clarify a complex phenomenon. A membership group, whose main distinguishing feature is affiliation, is also characterised by variable differences of opinion with respect to the reference group, which for their own reasons left the most tangible acts of transgression in the bands of the first group. The membership group was built via Movements where organisations offered their alternatives. A transgression territory was therefore created, with empiricism. The topographical characteristics of the Department of Isère vary distinctly between plains and mountains. This territory, home to some 100 hamlets and towns, in the shadow of Lyon, contributed to creating a specific Resistance. From urban G.F. to lightly armed mobile squads, a vast sphere of transgressions is inventoried here to clarify the Resistance phenomenon
Chevet, Emmanuel. "Gendarmerie et maquis sous l'Occupation en France (1943 - 1944) : force est faiblesse." Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOL037.
Full textIt is about analysing a complex scheme of interactions that cannot be reduced to the relation between two opposed worlds, the opposition in actions and ideas between the collaborating, state devoted, law abiding and the resistants, the hand of a Nation, the outlaws. That is to say the doctorate is trying to find out how legal order and disorder coexisted within the same milieu sometimes even in the same place. Our reflexion is centred on the social interaction with the rural population
Gielec, Henri. "Le lycée polonais Cyprian Norwid de Villard-de-Lans (1940-1946) : articulation des liens historiques franco-polonais." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21004/document.
Full textThe friendship between France and Poland proved strong in many circumstances and on many occasions. However, it was particularly appreciated in the very exceptional case of the LYCÉE POLONAIS CYPRIEN NORWID de VILLARD-DE-LANS. The continued existence of that school, in spite of the German presence, makes it the only official Polish secondary school in occupied Europe. In Poland secondary schools were strictly forbidden. This work presents the story of that lycée (secondary school) and of its teachers. It tells of the help provided by the whole population, the atmosphere they managed to create and the friendship that developed from it. It was important for all this to be known or recollected, especially after the school closed down in 1946
Federini, Fabienne. "De la nécessité d'agir : dispositions sociales et contextes d'action : l'engagement résistant de deux philisophes français : Jean Cavaillès (1903-1944) et Jean Gosset (1912-1944)." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/federini_f.
Full textWhy two French philosophers, Jean Cavaillès and Jean Gosset, entered into active resistance as soon as 1940 whereas most people in their generation did not or did, but according to different modalities ? Respectively born in 1903 and 1912, they are both coming from « Ecole Normale Supérieure ». Just before World War II , they both taught philosophy. Jean Cavailles was a lecturer at the Strasbourg University. Jean Gosset was a teacher at the Vendôme high school. We thus drew attention to the conditions of their family and school political socialisation. Nevertheless, primary and secondary political socialisation processes did not bring all the elements needed for understanding why they switched over to active resistance. Indeed, having this social capacity of political analysis did not allow to perfectly explain why these two philosophers took up arms. What had to be explained was less the resistant trend of the involvement of Jean Cavaillès and Jean Gosset than the armed shape it took on, and the breach it represented with respect to the various means of collective action they had used during the 1930s. For this purpose, the political context in which their engagement took place had to be integrated in order to see if a link could be established between the changes in the political context occurred in the years 1934-1939, then in the years 1939-1940, and the various modalities of their action. In the last part, we tried to show the social representativity of their commitment. To reach this end, we chose “prosopographie” which was best suited to highlight the correspondences between the choice of resistance made from 1940 and the social and political characteristics of the very first resistance fighters
Denis, Cécile. "Continuités et divergences dans la presse clandestine de résistants allemands et autrichiens en France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale : KPD, KPÖ, Revolutionäre Kommunisten et trotskystes." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30065.
Full textThis study of 17 newspapers and 236 flyers conceived by German and Austrian resistance fighters in France during World War II have revealed the theoretical issues and to provide better knowledge of the authors, by re-evaluating the role of Austrians and Left groups which were not aligned with the politics of the Third Communist International. The messages are classified in three groups each linked to the objective pursued; recruitment, visibility and the definition of the group’s position. We can see that there are four main types of readers targeted: the first group are the potential sympathizers among the Wehrmacht soldiers, but also the repression services, the other resistance groups and finally the Allies, at the end of the conflict. The first part analyses the production of organisations initiated by the German and Austrian communist parties. From 1941 to 1943, the Travail Allemand (TA) aimed to restructure the networks which had been dismantled in 1939. From 1943, the militants were regrouped into new organizations like the CALPO and ÖFF depending on their nationality. Their objectives did not consist of carrying out national projects but rather to extend Soviet influence in the new states after war. The second part is dedicated to the Revolutionäre Kommunisten (RK) who were Austrian revolutionary communists denouncing all the other forces involved to build a radically different society. This piece of work draws an original and precise portrait of this group and its theoretical evolutions from 1935 to 1944. The third part is devoted to the study of Trotskyist groups which would like to have competed with communist organizations but who lacked the logistic and material means necessary. This group was active from 1943 to 1944 and its production brutally stopped with a wave of arrests. Our study shows that two political philosophies coexist and compete. The communists want to overthrow the National Socialist government to reestablish the traditional administrative and political structures and increase Soviet influence. The RKs and Trotskyists widen the stakes to fight against capitalism and by doing so, exceed the actions that we usually call “resistance”
Barbier, Claude. "Des "événements de Haute-Savoie" à Glières, mars 1943-mai 1944 : action et répression du maquis savoyard." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010615.
Full textAndréo, Marilyne. "Sociologie de la Résistance dans le Gard, le Vaucluse et les Bouches-du-Rhône." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30090/document.
Full textWith 3 departments, sociological analyse of the résistants : geographical origin and social origin of the resistants, familial situation, professional situation during the war, the age when they joigned the Resistance, their organisation, their actions, their sacrifice for the liberation or not, medals, what they became after the conflict (profession, political action, participation on an association)
Spina, Raphaël. "La France et les Français devant le service du travail obligatoire (1942-1945)." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749560.
Full textBlanc, Julien. "Du côté du musée de l'Homme : Les débuts de la Résistance en zone occupée (été 1940 - été 1941)." Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/blanc_j.
Full textStarting in the summer of 1940, in a country profoundly disheartened by the shock of its military collapse, the first manifestations of opposition to the Nazi occupation began to appear. In the capital city, near the “musée de l’Homme”, scattered and small-scale initiatives were undertaken. These gradually coalesced into a loose network composed of diverse groups. Geographically dispersed, its members markedly heterogeneous in their social and ideological backrounds, this initial Resistance movement quickly became the specific focus of ferocious Nazi repression: its most well-known leaders Boris Vilde and Anatole Lewitsky were condemned to death in February 1942 and executed. How was this initial Resistance movement organized? What was its internal structure? What precisely were its objectives? What was the backround of its leaders? Did the Nazi repression succeed in completely obliterating all its activities? What has been the legacy of this initial Resistance, as seen by historians from 1942 until the present day?
Albertelli, Sébastien. "Les services secrets de la France Libre : le Bureau central de renseignement et d'action (BCRA), 1940-1944." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0037.
Full textFrom 1940 to 1944, the Bureau Central de Renseignement et d’Action (BCRA) was the link between the Free French – in London and Algiers – and those who, in France, committed themselves in the resistance against the occupying forces. This service of a new type was created and managed by André Dewavrin (Passy). Throughout the war, an important and successful part of its activities has been to collaborate with the Intelligence Service to create intelligence networks. In 1941, it started to collaborate with the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in order to create a Secret Army under the orders of general de Gaulle as well as to conceive and to implement destruction plans so that the reaction of the enemy would be delayed when the allied landing happens. After June 1942, the BCRA was also in charge of implementing the political missions that the Commissariat National à l’Intérieur was working out. A service with so wide functions was subject to covetousness and criticisms. It was accused by de Gaulle’s enemies to be a powerful instrument that served the political ambitions of the Free French leader. It is a fact that de Gaulle has always been anxious to keep his control on the BCRA, consequently on action in France. This service served his will to assert French sovereignty towards the Allies and to assert the state authority towards the leaders of resistance organisations in France. Among de Gaulle’s followers, some accused the BCRA to turn into a law under itself. It is a fact that the activities of this service were so important for the success of de Gaulle’s political plans that its leaders could secure themselves an important position in the gaullist state
Moiron, Pascale. "L'Histoire d'un oubli : les républicains espagnols réfugiés en France à travers l'exemple de la Loire (1936-1945)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0040.
Full textThe story of Spanish republicans refugees in France is mostly unknown. In the department of Loire, far from the Pyrenean border, various informations paradoxicaly have been collected on this subject. In the press, the Spanish War was ubiquitous. It created a sense of solidarity with, for example, a Spanish Children Hosting Committe in Saint-Étienne. The Loire received 120 refugees in 1936, 900 Basque refugees in 1937 and 1 260 Spanishs in 1939, after the defeat of the republicans. So, the lack of memory can only be explained by the contents of this history. In fact, the accomodation centers, the sanatorium, the Groupings of Foreigners Workers (GTE in French) were camps for foreigners. Their primary purpose was to control "undesirable" foreigners, to organize repatriations or to exploit their strength of work. Then, a continuity clearly appears between the Daladier government and Vichy. Lastly, in the Loire, as in the régions of South-West, the Spanish republicans took an active part in the freeing of France. But, ail these elements do not belong to the memory producted by the historisants of these localities. This is also the case at the national level : the taught history, in « Troisième » and « Seconde », highlights the oblivion. Furthemore, the lack of memory can also be explained with the low visibility of the memory of the exile. The work of spanish memory producing groups fails, in spite of the use of ritualisation, evenementialisation and historisation. The writing give the right to forget to the sons and girls of Spanish republicans. This lack of memory in eclipse enables an integration to the French nation
Vieira, Guillaume. "La répression de la Résistance par les Allemands à Marseille et dans sa région (1942 - 1944)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3073.
Full textOur research is particularly centered on Sipo-SD, main organization of German police in charge of the repression of the Resistance. The common idea of a "Gestapo", an unique German organization in charge of the repression of the Resistance, turns out in reality very basic. One of the questions power plants is to know how the Gestapo joins in the office of Sipo-SD of Marseille. We shall pay quite particularly the attention on the place of the Wehrmacht within this device, the role played by Abwehr, Feldgendarmerie. The analysis of the 8th company of the division Brandenburg and of the Geheim Feld Polizei (GFP) will give a new perspective on the repressive device. The examination of the Kommando squad of the section VI of the general consulate of Germany or Sonderkommando AS will contribute to a finer knowledge of the actors of the plan. We cannot deal with the repression of the resistance without wondering about the place of the Milice, the main repressive strength of the regime of Vichy in this device. We shall continue by the study of the staff of the KDS of Marseille. But the French auxiliaries of the Sipo-SD were never the object of a rigorous study, what we shall try to make for Marseille. Finally, we shall end by emphasizing the big operations led by the KDS against the Resistance from Marseille and regional during the paroxystic period of the repression of the summer, 1944. The operation Mercenary, the affairs Catilina and Antoine shall allow to analyze how works the German repression for the period which precedes the liberation and where it reaches its highest level of violence
Tantin, Dominique. "La justice pénale ordinaire dans le département des Deux-Sèvres du milieu des années 1930 à la fin des années 1940 : Le tribunal correctionnel de Niort (1936-1951). La cour d'assises des Deux-Sèvres (1936-1949)." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100180.
Full textThis work aims at defining the influence of the Vichy regime on how the ordinary penal justice worked by studying the activity of the magistrates’ court of Niort between 1936 and 1949 and that of the criminal court of Deux- Sèvres between 1936 and 1951. This will be studied through the successive regimes, each following the evolution of the judiciary and penal policies of the different times. The study of the magistrates’ careers shows that a large majority of them were completely submissive to the regimes at the time, particularly under the Vichy regime. Almost one quarter of the magistrates in activity under the Vichy regime were implicated in the administrative purge process, but they were all exonerated. The penal activity of the magistrates’ court strongly increased from the summer of 1940 and its level of activity until 1949 remained greater than that of the time before World War II, with a particularly steady increase in trials related to thefts. The Vichy period stands out for two reasons. First, until 1942, there were an important number of condemnations concerning war supplies, and second, from 1943 on, there was an exploitation of penal justice serving a moral policy, which continued after the Liberation. Correlatively, we notice a great increase in the number and the proportion of women judged and condemned, particularly in 1943. Another major characteristic of the Vichy period is the harshness of the magistrates’ court, the drop in deferred sentences, and a record total number of imprisonments without parole. Sex cases represent the first category of incriminations for criminal court judgments, but these were not subject to major changes during the war. However, their number and the harshness with which they were dealt increases after the Liberation
Balu, Raphaële. "Les maquis de France, la France libre et les Alliés (1943-1945) : retrouver la coopération." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC016.
Full textBetween the end of 1942 and 1943, the first maquis came into existence in occupied France. While their members were mainly young people who refused to be sent as workers to Germany and sought refuge in the woods and the mountains, during the war the maquis turned into military formations. The memories of their fight during Liberation has largely overshadowed the history of their relationship with Free France and its British and American allies. However, as early as 1943, London, Algiers, and Washington discussed the integration of the maquis into their war plans, even creating the necessary structures. While taking into consideration the political, strategic, and diplomatic disagreements that were part of the discussions, this study intends to bring back the cooperation between the maquis, Free France, and the Allies into the narrative of the war. It looks at individuals who, within British and American institutions as well as Free France structures, dedicated their efforts to work alongside the maquisards, and built networks to assist them. Numerous obstacles came in the way of intelligence services when they took on that task: sporadic communication channels with occupied France, the maquis’ mobility, and the reluctance of regular military headquarters — among other problems. They managed, however, to carry the voice of the maquis back to the head of regular armies and Allied States, allowing them to be progressively taken into account in general war planning, even as coordination between maquisards and regular forces constituted an almost unprecedented strategic challenge. From military headquarters to the realm of clandestine operations, this study takes interest in the people who found themselves involved in this common fight, addressing the identities and fighting experiences of different individuals brought together by the fortunes of war. It also explores an experience of war and repression shared by the maquisards and the London and Algiers envoys who met them in their clandestine life, together building strong ties of solidarity. It follows them through the progressive liberation of the French territory, on the stage of its competing powers, reaching until 1945 to follow those fighters during their transition from war to peacetime, and beyond that year — shining a light onto the memories and narratives that ensued
Ghiles-Meilhac, Samuel. "Le CRIF : de la résistance juive à la tentation du lobby 1943-2010." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0101.
Full textCreated in the underground during the winter 1943, the Representative council of French Jewish Institutions, the CRIF has been enjoying a fascinating role in the French society since the 1980's. The history of this Jewish umbrella organization remains mostly unknown. This thesis fills this gap by analyzing the different historical moments of the CRIF, linked to the evolutions of French Jewry, the conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors and the different phases of France's policy and public discourse when it comes to anti-Semitism and the memory of the deportation of Jews during the Second World War. This historical approach is enriched by a focus on the nature of the CRIF and its influence. One key element is a comparison with other Jewish umbrella organizations in the United States. This research is based on archives files and interviews in France and Israel