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Wang, Lei. "GUI test automation for Qt application." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-121719.
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GUI test automation is a popular and interesting subject in the testing industry. Many companies plan to start test automation projects in order to implement efficient, less expensive software testing. However, there are challenges for the testing team who lack experience performing GUI tests automation. Many GUI test automation projects have ended in failure due to mistakes made during the early stages of the project. The major work of this thesis is to find a solution to the challenges of establishing new test automation projects and determine an appropriate method to build GUI tests automation. Due to the particularity of GUI tests automation, keyword driven test approach is introduced in this thesis. The advantages and disadvantages are shown by undertaking comparison with the Record and replay testing method and the data driven testing method. The research also includes a feasibility study of GUI tests automation. The analysis report points out which kinds of test projects should be automated and which kinds should not be automated. Test automation tool selection is a critical step for an test automation project. This thesis shows the correct procedure for selecting a testing tool and explains the strategies of testing tool selection. It also summaries the mistakes made during the tool selection process. Several classical types of testing tools which support Qt software testing are compared and evaluated. Based on the in-depth analysis and comparison of testing tools, the thesis explains how the different tools fit with the different test projects. The implementation procedure of a test automation is demonstrated in this thesis. The procedure includes test case design and testing framework implementation. The test script is created based on the structure of a keyword driven test framework. The thesis also discusses several interesting topics related to GUI tests automation for future research.
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Forslin, Sara. "Automatiska GUI-test : En teoretisk och praktisk studie för hållbarare test." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-146754.
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To automate software testing is an investment, and that makes it important to have good knowledge about automation before an implementation is made. In this master thesis a study about automated testing is carried out. The study also includes a closer look at the testing tool TestComplete. TestComplete is one out of many tools on the market that is developed for automated GUI testing and the goal is to get a picture of how well the tool can adjust to CC Systems own applications. Studies show that it is hard to write lasting test scripts. The automation must be implemented early in the development process and many protective measures have to be applied to the tests in order to protect them. The report also discusses a number of design requirements that is put on the tested application. These requirements are relatively easy to implement if they are known from the start of the development process. Two of the most important requirements are that the controls have to have specified names so the tests can use them and identify them and that the values that are important in the verification of the test have to be accessible and readable. CCSimTech is one of CC Systems own developed products and it is used in different hardware simulations. It is an important tool in manual testing at CC System today. Therefore it is important that also TestComplete can use it. To solve this, a library of functions adjusted for TestComplete has been created. The functions are developed so that they can be called directly from the test scripts in TestComplete in a user-friendly way. If the tests are able to call and use CCSimTech that will mean a way to further control the applications and make the test even more powerful
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Yuan, Xun. "Feedback-directed model-based GUI test case generation." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8621.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Computer Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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GUILHON, RAQUEL JAUFFRET. "GUI TEST SUITE AUTOMATIC GENERATION FROM PETRI NET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24513@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRONa etapa de testes de software, as falhas podem ser reveladas e em seguida diagnosticadas a fim de identificar os defeitos que a causaram. Os testes devem idealmente ser aplicados desde o nível da unidade até o nível mais elevado do software, como o teste de sistema. Em um destes níveis está o teste da interface gráfica, ou Graphical User Interface (GUI). Garantir o correto funcionamento da GUI quanto ao estado de seus elementos após diversos eventos de usuário, é tão importante quanto o teste de outras camadas, pois a GUI é um meio direto de interação com a aplicação, sendo o recurso que mais influencia em como será qualificada a experiência pelo usuário final. Este trabalho propõe uma abordagem de teste baseado em modelo, ou Model-Based Testing (MBT), utilizando Redes de Petri (RP) de alto nível para representar a interface gráfica. A Rede de Petri é uma ferramenta de modelagem e uma linguagem de especificação de base matemática que define graficamente a estrutura de sistemas especialmente concorrentes. Uma característica importante das RPs é que elas podem ser simuladas, permitindo que se observe o comportamento do sistema e que se obtenha a geração de casos de teste a partir dos caminhos executados na simulação. Foi investigada a geração de suítes de teste para interface gráfica a partir do modelo Rede de Petri. Para isso, considerou-se a relação entre as ações do usuário e os estados resultantes na GUI, percebendo como uma RP pode modelá-los. Uma ferramenta de apoio foi desenvolvida para que, a partir das simulações realizadas na Rede de Petri, suítes de teste fossem geradas na linguagem C mais mais, tornando possível a execução automática em um software de estudo. Por fim, o critério de teste Análise de Mutantes, que mede a eficácia da suíte gerada a partir da RP, foi empregado como um dos meios de validação deste trabalho.
In software testing stage, faults can be revealed and then diagnosed to identify defects that caused it. Tests should ideally be applied from the unit level to the higher level of software, such as system testing. In one of these levels resides GUI (Graphical User Interface) testing. Ensuring the correct operation of the GUI on the state of its elements after various user events is as important as the other layers tests, since GUI is a direct way to interact with the application, being the feature that most influences how the experience will be qualified by the end user. This paper proposes a Model-Based Testing (MBT) approach using high-level Petri Nets (RP) to represent graphical user interface. Petri Net is a modeling tool and a mathematical specification language that graphically defines the structure of systems, specially the concurrent ones. An important feature of RPs is that they can be simulated, allowing one to observe the behavior of the system and to obtain the generation of test cases from the paths executed in the simulation. The generation of test suites for GUI from the Petri Net model was investigated. For this, we considered the relationship between user actions and resulting states in the GUI, realizing how an RP can model them. A support tool was developed so that, from the simulations of Petri Net, test suites were generated in C plus plus language, making it possible to auto-run them on a study software. Finally, the Mutation Analysis test criterion, which measures the effectiveness of the suite generated from RP, was employed as a means of validation of this work.
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Petersén, Elin. "Examining maintenance cost of automated GUI tests : An empirical study of how test script design affects the maintenance of automated visual GUI tests." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171783.
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GUI testing is expensive to perform manually. Software systems involving a heterogeneous set of components exclude the applicability of specific GUI testing techniques. Visual GUI Testing (VGT) is a test automation technique that combines image recognition with scripts. It applies to almost any GUI driven application. VGT is proven to be cost-effective in comparison with manual testing. Still, it is expensive to maintain. This study investigates if test script design by following specific guidelines positively affects maintenance costs. A case study was conducted to identify best practices for VGT w.r.t. maintenance time. Four VGT versions were developed for each manual test case. These consisted of two design versions, with/without guidelines, for the two VGT-tools EyeAutomate and Sikuli. Data was collected using time measurements, observations, and interviews. Results highlighted differences in initial development time and maintenance time between the two design versions. In total, 44 observations were collected. 17 were related to the design versions, 17 to the VGT-tools, and 10 to VGT in general, initial development, and the system under test. The interviews collected the perceptions of VGT in general, maintenance of the different VGT versions, and guidelines. In conclusion, the combination of the guidelines did not have a positive effect on maintenance in terms of costs and experience. However, some of the individual guidelines did. A rationale why the guidelines did not give the desired result was identified. Future research is necessary to investigate other combinations of guidelines, such as those identified as beneficial.
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Laurén, Rebecka. "Investigating GUI test automation ROI : An industrial case study." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28314.
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This report is the proof of concept that shows how Coded UI can be used for the automation of GUI tests. For this thesis-work, an industrial case study is done on 26 different test cases provided at the company Basalt AB. The problem they had was that testing was very time consuming and was therefore not done as often as needed to keep the level of quality required for the system developed. The method that has been used are called the validation method and the work was according to that divided into five steps: choosing test cases, a learning process, implementation, compare the results and then draw conclusions. Test automation has benefits of time savings and the fact that tests will be reused. Testing will take minutes instead of hours and the tests can be executed over and over again as many times as needed. So by changing from manual testing to automated testing, tests can be run faster and therefore more often. The investment of automated testing will be repaid before the end of the fourth test round. So conclusions can be drawn from the results of this thesis and it shows that it absolutely is worth the investment of automating the testing process.
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Lundin, Gustav. "Development of Graphical User Interface for the TSE test framework." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-573.
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Dahl, Thomas Eva, and Robin Borg. "Automatiserade GUI-tester i praktiken : En fallstudie på Triona AB." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34255.
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Testning är en nödvändig men kostsam del av mjukvaruutveckling. Test utförs på olika abstraktionsnivåer och kan vara manuella eller automatiserade. På lägsta abstraktionsnivå, enhetsnivå, är automatiserad testning vanligt och relativt okomplicerat, medan systemtester är svårare att automatisera. I synnerhet gäller detta tester på ett grafiskt användargränssnitt (GUI) som kräver speciella verktyg. Triona vill undersöka möjligheterna att automatisera regressionstester från GUI:t av sin produkt C-Load, en molnbaserad webbtjänst för avtalsbaserad transportbokning. Det primära syftet med denna fallstudie är att med en anpassad urvalsprocess utvärdera ett möjligt verktyg i förhållande till C-Load-förvaltningens förväntningar på automatiserad GUI testning (AGT) och att utifrån resultatet föreslå hur C-Loadförvaltningen kan gå vidare med val av verktyg för AGT. För att uppfylla syftet användes litteraturstudier, intervjuer och observationer av praktiska test. Verktyg för GUI-testning kan delas in i tre huvudkategorier: skriptbaserade, modellbaserade och skriptlösa. Baserat på tidigare forskning drogs slutsatsen att ett skriptbaserat verktyg där koden i testskripten skrivs manuell bäst passar C-Loadförvaltningens krav och förutsättningar. Det mest använda verktyget av denna typ, Selenium WebDriver, utvärderades kvalitativt gentemot identifierade krav. Av tidigare forskning framgår att vanliga utmaningar med skriptbaserade GUI-tester är att arbetsinsatsen för att skapa och underhålla testskript är stor och att testen kan vara opålitliga. Dessa problem framkom också i studiens intervjuer och observationer. Slutsatsen är att det vore möjligt att automatisera regressionstester av C-Load med hjälp av Selenium Webdriver, och att det på sikt skulle kunna frigöra tid. Initialt krävs dock en omfattande insats för att implementera automatiserade tester i förvaltningen och Selenium Webdriver uppfyller bara delvis C-Load-förvaltningens förväntningar på AGT. C-Load-förvaltningen rekommenderas att utvärdera fler verktyg innan beslut fattas. I en kommande urvalsprocess bör Triona beakta hur väl olika verktyg fungerar i förhållande till moderna webbramverk.Testing is a necessary but costly part of software development. Tests are performed at different abstraction levels and can be either manual or automated. On the lowest level of abstraction, where unit testing is performed, automated testing is commonplace and relatively uncomplicated, whereas system testing is more difficult to automate. This is especially true for GUI-testing, which requires special tools. Triona wished to investigate possibilities to automate regression testing of the GUI for its C-load product, which is a Cloud-based web-service for contract-based transport booking. The purpose of this case study was to evaluate one tool for automated GUI-testing (AGT) against the C-Load team’s expectations on AGT, and based on the result recommend Triona how to proceed in the process of implementing AGT. Literature studies, observations and interviews were conducted to fulfil the purpose. GUI-testing tools can be classified into three categories: script-based, model-based and scriptless. One conclusion was that a script-based tool, where test scripts are manually coded would best suit Triona’s needs. The most used tool in that category, Selenium WebDriver, was tested and evaluated against requirements. Prior research shows that common challenges encountered when using script-based GUItests are the workload required to create and maintain test scripts and that the tests can deliver inconsistent or “flaky” results. These challenges were confirmed during our analysis. Our conclusion is that it is possible to automate C-Load regression tests with Selenium WebDriver, and that it would eventually free up time. However, a considerable effort is initially required to implement automated testing. Selenium Webdriver only partly fulfills the C-Load team’s expectations on AGT. Before a decision is taken, the C-Load team should evaluate more tools. When evaluating tools for AGT, Triona should take note that Selenium Webdriver can be deficient when it comes to testing applications based on modern web frameworks.
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Kurin, Erik, and Adam Melin. "Data-driven test automation : augmenting GUI testing in a web application." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96380.
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For many companies today, it is highly valuable to collect and analyse data in order to support decision making and functions of various sorts. However, this kind of data-driven approach is seldomly applied to software testing and there is often a lack of verification that the testing performed is relevant to how the system under test is used. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibility of introducing a data-driven approach to test automation by extracting user behaviour data and curating it to form input for testing. A prestudy was initially conducted in order to collect and assess different data sources for augmenting the testing. After suitable data sources were identified, the required data, including data about user activity in the system, was extracted. This data was then processed and three prototypes where built on top of this data. The first prototype augments the model-based testing by automatically creating models of the most common user behaviour by utilising data mining algorithms. The second prototype tests the most frequent occurring client actions. The last prototype visualises which features of the system are not covered by automated regression testing. The data extracted and analysed in this thesis facilitates the understanding of the behaviour of the users in the system under test. The three prototypes implemented with this data as their foundation can be used to assist other testing methods by visualising test coverage and executing regression tests.
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Polepalle, Chahna, and Ravi Shankar Kondoju. "Evidence and perceptions on GUI test automation : An explorative Multi-Case study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-15455.
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Context. GUI-based automation testing is a costly and tedious activity in practice. As GUIs are well-known for being modified and redesigned throughout the development process, the corresponding test scripts are not valid anymore thereby being a hindrance to automation. Hence, substantial effort is invested in maintaining GUI test scripts which often leads to rework or waste due to improper decisions. As a result, practitioners have identified the need for decision support regarding when should GUI automation testing begin and how to make it easier and also identify what are the factors leading to waste in GUI-based automation testing. The current literature provides solutions relating to automation in general and few answers for GUI based-automation testing. Such generic answers might not be applicable to GUI test automation and also industries new to GUI development and testing. Thus, it is necessary to validate if the general solutions are applicable to GUI test automation and find additional answers that are not identified previously from practitioners opinions in an industrial context. Objectives. Capture relevant information regarding the current approach for GUI test automation within the subsystems from a case company. Next, identify the criteria for when to begin automation, testability requirements and factors associated with waste from literature and practice. Methods. We conducted a multiple-case study to explore opinions of practitioners in two subsystems at a Swedish telecommunication industry implementing GUI-automation testing. We conducted a literature review to identify answers from scientific literature prior to performing a case study.A two-phased interview was performed with different employees to collect their subjective opinions and also gather their opinions on the evidence collected from the literature. Later, Bayesian synthesis method was used to combine subjective opinions of practitioners with research-based evidence to produce context-specific results. Results. We identified 12 criteria for when to begin automation, 16 testability requirements and 15 factors associated with waste in GUI test automation.Each of them is classified into categories namely SUT-related,test-process related, test-tool related, human and organizational, environment and cross-cutting. New answers which were not present in the existing literature in the domain of the research are found. Conclusions. On validating the answers found in literature, it was revealed that the answers applicable for software test automation, in general, are valid for GUI automation testing as well. Since we incorporated subjective opinions to produce context specific results, we gained an understanding that every practitioner has their own way of working. Hence, this study aids in developing a common understanding to support informed subjective decisions based on evidence.
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Vikström, Todd, and Löv Sara Kaiser. "Vad krävs för att beräkna när automatiserade användargränssnitt (GUI) tester lönar sig? : Vilka styrkor och svagheter finns med automatiserade GUI-test?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-30394.
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ROI och break-even finns för att beräkna vinster i verksamheter men det är svårt att veta hur dessa metoder kan appliceras på automatiserade GUI-test. Genom en utförd fallstudie där litteraturstudier, dokumentstudier, enkäter och intervjuer använts har det visat sig att dessa metoder kan anpassas för att beräkna vinster med automatiserade GUI-tester. Nackdelarna med dessa metoder är att de är svåra att använda om inte automatiseringen är gjord. Det behövs konkreta uppgifter över till exempel tidsåtgång för körning av både manuella och automatiserade testfall. Även om metoderna kan visa att det finns ekonomiska vinster med automatiserade GUI-tester så kan det vara många andra vinster som inte kan identifieras genom att metoderna appliceras. Dessa immateriella vinster och förluster har i arbetat identifierats genom intervjuer och enkäter och resultatet presenteras med en SWOT-analys. Flera viktiga immateriella vinster som till exempel ökad kvalitet och tidsvinst har framkommit. Även några materiella förluster har framkommit som att det kan vara kostsamt att införa automatiserade GUI-tester. Även immateriella förluster har identifierats, en av dessa är att det krävs särskild kompetens för att konstruera och köra de automatiserade testerna.ROI and break-even are available for calculating profits in operations, but it is difficult to know how these methods can be applied to automated GUI tests. By a conducted case study in which literature review, document studies, questionnaires and interviews have been used, it has been shown that these methods can be adapted to calculate the profits with automated GUI-tests. The disadvantages with these methods are that they are difficult to use unless the automation is made. There is a need for concrete data on, for example, the time taken for the execution of both manual and automated test cases. Although the methods can show that there are financial gains with automated GUI tests, there may be many other gains that cannot be identified by applying the methods. These intangible profits and losses have been identified in the work through interviews and surveys and the results are presented with a SWOT analysis. Several important intangible benefits such as increased quality and time savings have emerged. Some material losses have also come to light as it can be costly to introduce automated GUI tests. Even intangible losses have been identified, one of these is that it requires special skills to design and run the automated tests.
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Shaif, Ayad. "Kvalitetssäkring av webbapplikationer : En utvärdering av testautomatisering med agila utvecklingsprocesser." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-36481.
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Quality assurance is becoming increasingly important to implement in expanding development projects. The components being built must be tested regularly to ensure the functionality of the whole product. Leeroy applies scrum as a development method along with manual GUI tests that only are performed when all components belonging to each sprint are completed. This leads to shortage in time for a tester to apply the assigned test scenarios. Testers are therefore subjected to stress in their work as testing requires high accuracy and speed in order to effectively ensure that the components end up in a production environment. The purpose of this study is to streamline current test processes by replacing manual GUI tests with automated GUI regression tests using BDD principles. Specification of the requirements was carried out using data collection methods that were chosen for this study. The specifications were used both to evaluate the construction as well as the results obtained. The results show that it is important that both the tester and the rest of the agile team cooperate during each sprint, as the components are developed incrementally and tested regularly. The results show even the importance of prioritizing the test scenarios; this is done to ensure the efficiency of the workflow by first choosing the most important components to test. The tested aspects in this study have also proven that both frameworks Cucumber and Puppeteer have the potential to contribute to a smooth implementation of BDD in an agile development team. This is due partly to the reasonable results from the performance tests that measured the speed of feedbacks as an efficiency test, partly to a high degree of both usability and reusability. This study is limited to few test scenarios due to shortage of time given for this course and therefore the performance results doesn’t express all kind of testing scenarios.Kvalitetssäkring blir allt viktigare att genomföra i växande utvecklingsprojekt. Komponenterna som byggs måste testas regelmässigt för att garantera funktionaliteten av produkten som utvecklas. Leeroy tillämpar idag Scrum som utvecklingsmetod med manuella tester som genomförs när alla komponenter är färdigbyggda vid slutet av varje sprint. Detta leder till att testaren har kortare tid på sig för att utföra testscenarierna. Testaren utsätts därför för stress i sitt arbete då uppdraget kräver en hög noggrannhet med snabbhet för att effektivt försäkra att komponenterna hamnar i en produktionsmiljö. Syftet med undersökningen är att effektivisera nuvarande testprocesser genom att ersätta de manuella GUI-tester med automatiserade GUI- regressionstester som tillämpar BDD principer. Specificering av kraven genomfördes med hjälp av datainsamlingsmetoder som valdes till denna undersökning. Kravspecifikationerna användes dels för utvärdering av konstruktionen och dels för utvärdering av de erhållna resultaten. Resultaten visar att det är viktigt att både testaren och resten av det agila teamet samarbetar under varje sprint, då komponenterna utvecklas inkrementellt och testas regelmässigt. Resultaten visar vikten av att prioritera testerna som kommer att utvecklas för att säkra effektiviteten i arbetsflödet och även säkra att de viktigaste funktionerna testas först. Undersökningen har visat att både Cucumber och Puppeteer kan bidra till en smidig implementation av BDD i ett agilt utvecklingsteam. Detta beror dels på de rimliga resultaten från prestandatesterna som mäter effektiviteten, dels en hög användbarhetsgrad vad gäller både läsbarhet och skrivbarhet i syntaxen och dels en hög återanvändbarhetsgrad. Denna studie avgränsades till få antal testscenarier på grund av brist på tid i undersökningen och därför visar resultaten från prestandatesterna inte alla slags testscenarier.
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Perers, Elena. "Jämförelseanalys av GUI testverktyg : Avseende prestanda vid testexekvering och underhållbarhet." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19599.
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I dagens utveckling av webbapplikationer, vilka blir alltmer komplexa, är det viktigt att testa sina webbapplikationer grundligt. En kort exekveringstid av testerna är särskilt viktigt, då de komplexa webbapplikationerna tar allt längre tid att testa manuellt. Det är angeläget att använda automatiserade GUI tester, för att stödja Agila arbetssätt med korta tider för leverans av nya versioner. För att säkerställa att de kan användas vid varje hopslagning av grenar i utvecklingsspåren inför en leverans av den kommande versionen. Ett problem med automatiserade GUI tester är att det alltid har varit svårt att underhålla testfallen när webbapplikationen har ändrats. Därför är det viktigt att det är lätt att underhålla testfallen i testverktygen. I den här studien har två testverktyg för automatiserade GUI tester utvärderats avseende underhållbarhet och exekveringstid. Fördelar och utmaningar med att introducerade automatiserade GUI tester har även de lyfts fram och analyserats. För att undersöka vilka fördelar och utmaningar som finns med att introducera automatiserade GUI tester utfördes en litteraturstudie på tidigare studier. Ett antal fördelar och utmaningar med automatiserade GUI tester har lyfts fram. Den genomgående största utmaningen med automatiserade GUI tester är underhållbarheten av testfallen. När webbapplikationen vidareutvecklas och framförallt i ett tidigt stadium i dess livscykel när mycket ändrar sig är det kostsamt att underhålla testfallen. Det är även en utmaning att implementera testfallen på ett sådant sätt att det blir lätta att underhålla. Vad gäller fördelar är den absolut främsta tidsvinsten i exekveringstid av testfall samt ökad kvalitet genom att tester utförs oftare. Det första experimentet som har utförts var att jämföra exekveringstiden mellan Cypress och Selenium Webdriver. Ett antal testfall har skapats som återspeglar hur webbapplikationen används. Experimentet visar att Selenium Webdriver presterar bättre än Cypress när det exekveras på en utvecklingsdator. Ytterligare jämförelse av prestandan i en CI miljö bör utföras för att se hur Cypress presterar med parallell exekvering av testfall. Det andra experimentet som utförts jämför underhållbarhet mellan Cypress och Selenium Webdriver. Resultatet av det här experimentet har visat att det finns fördelar och nackdelar med båda testverktygen och hur testfallen är skrivna. Cypress är i det här fallet något mer robust när strukturen på sidan ändras. Cypress klarade av ändringen utan några uppdateringar i testkoden. Selenium Webdriver visades vara lite bättre på att hantera när texten på elementen ändras. Det här beror primärt på hur testfallen är skrivna. Experimentet ger ingen tydlig indikation på vilket testverktyg som är bäst. Det visar mest hur olika svårt det är att skriva testfallen och att komma igång med dem i de båda testverktygen. Problemet med underhållbarhet finns fortfarande kvar. Cypress som ett nytt testverktyg lyckas inte lösa det fullständigt. Resultatet av experimentet visar att det inte finns ett testverktyg som kan klassas som bäst. Däremot har Cypress en lovande framtid som ett testverktyg, det är lättare att komma igång med och har bra verktyg vilket underlättar arbetet som testare.
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Forsgren, Robert, and Vasquez Erik Petersson. "REGTEST - an Automatic & Adaptive GUI Regression Testing Tool." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap (DV), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75152.
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Software testing is something that is very common and is done to increase the quality of and confidence in a software. In this report, an idea is proposed to create a software for GUI regression testing which uses image recognition to perform steps from test cases. The problem that exists with such a solution is that if a GUI has had changes made to it, then many test cases might break. For this reason, REGTEST was created which is a GUI regression testing tool that is able to handle one type of change that has been made to the GUI component, such as a change in color, shape, location or text. This type of solution is interesting because setting up tests with such a tool can be very fast and easy, but one previously big drawback of using image recognition for GUI testing is that it has not been able to handle changes well. It can be compared to tools that use IDs to perform a test where the actual visualization of a GUI component does not matter; It only matters that the ID stays the same; however, when using such tools, it either requires underlying knowledge of the GUI component naming conventions or the use of tools which automatically constructs XPath queries for the components. To verify that REGTEST can work as well as existing tools a comparison was made against two professional tools called Ranorex and Kantu. In those tests, REGTEST proved very successful and performed close to, or better than the other software.
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Dostál, Adam. "Nástroj pro funkční testování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377054.
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This work is focused on the implementation of functional tests within the software project in the field of energy in the company Unicorn. The theoretical part describes in general the project methodology of software development and the methodology Rational Unified Process (RUP). In addition, the test methods are included, and the quality management model FURPS+. The last section introduces functional tests, including a description of those that are used to test the developed application. The practical part consists of description of the energy project Nemo Link, developed application Nemo Link Dispatch System (NDS), individial application modules, test enviroment, used tools and designed test methodology. Based on this methodology, individual selected tests are performed and evaluated.
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Idris, Asil. "Comparison of GUI test automation strategies in a Clearing System : A case study at Nasdaq Stockholm AB." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37600.
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The effectiveness of GUI-based automated tests is a topic that is often discussed in the testing community. As software systems and GUIs are getting more advanced, the testing of these systems may sometimes be both time-consuming and repetitive. Therefore, automated tests are used more frequently to create more agile working and to decrease the number of manual tests. There is an ongoing discussion about the benefits and shortcomings of implementing automated GUI test compared to performing manual GUI tests. Increasingly, companies today are implementing automated GUI tests, yet relatively few are analyzing enough when choosing their test strategy. The purpose of this thesis was to explore different test strategies in a system as complex as Nasdaq’s clearing system NRTC. The first strategy used manual GUI tests, while the second strategy used a test tool called Selenium WebDriver to automate the GUI tests. Hopefully, this research will contribute to the already accumulated knowledge about automated GUI tests and potentially help in choosing the right testing strategy. The findings of this research showed that the implementation time of manual tests was much faster, and that implementing automated test would be timeconsuming. The reason for this is that the GUI was not very testable, making it difficult to create the test scripts. In addition, the was a difference in runtime when using both strategies. The automated tests only took a couple of seconds to execute, compared to the manual tests that took a couple of minutes. After both strategies was investigated, an analysis was done by looking at the effectivity, maintainability, robustness, and the overall results to be able to find benefits and shortcomings. In conclusion, GUI automation cannot replace manual test completely. By not including the human capabilities, the testing process becomes very limited.
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Strålfors, Annika. "Making test automation sharable: The design of a generic test automation framework for web based applications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240981.
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The validation approach for assuring quality of software does often include the conduction of tests. Software testing includes a wide range of methodology depending on the system level and the component under test. Graphical user interface (GUI) testing consists of high level tests that assert that functions and design element in user interfaces work as expected. The research conducted in this paper focused on GUI testing of web based applications and the movement towards automated testing within the software industry. The question which formed the basis for the study was the following: How should a generic test automation framework be designed in order to allow maintenance between developers and non-developers? The study was conducted on a Swedish consultant company that provides e-commerce web solutions. A work strategy approach for automated testing was identified and an automation framework prototype was produced. The framework was evaluated through a pilot study where testers participated through the creation of a test suite for a specific GUI testing area. Time estimations were collected as well as qualitative measurements through a follow up survey. This paper presents a work strategy proposal for automated tests together with description of the framework system design. The results are presented with a subsequent discussion about the benefits and complexity of creating and introducing automated tests within large scale systems. Future work suggestions are also addressed together with accountancy of the frameworks usefulness for other testing areas besides GUI testing.
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Krajňák, Martin. "Automatické generování testů pro GNOME GUI aplikace z metadat AT-SPI." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417295.
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Cieľom tejto práce je vývoj nástroja na automatické generovanie testov pre aplikácie s grafickým užívateľským rozhraním v~prostredí GNOME. Na generovanie testov sú použité metadáta asistenčných technológií, konrétne AT-SPI. Navrhnutý generátor testov využíva dané metadáta na vytvorenie modelu testovanej aplikácie. Model mapuje sekvencie udalostí, ktoré generátor vykoná na testovanej aplikácii počas generovania testov. Súčasťou procesu generovania je zároveň detekcia závažných chýb v testovaných aplikáciách. Výstupom procesu generovania sú automatizované testy, ktoré sú vhodné na regresné testovanie. Funkčnosť implementovaného generátora testov bola úspešne overená testovaním 5 aplikácií s otvoreným zdrojovým kódom. Počas testovania aplikácií navrhnutým nástrojom sa preukázala schopnosť detekovať nové chyby.
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Kilic, Umit Erdem. "Design Of Buck Converter For Educational Test Bench." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608153/index.pdf.
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In this thesis a buck converter has been developed to be used as a test bench in power electronics laboratory. For this purpose, first, steady-state and small-signal analyses of a buck converter is carried out, then open-loop and closed-loop control of the converter are developed and simulated. Then, the circuit is manufactured and tested. The test results are compared with the simulation results. Finally, an experimantal
procedure is prepared to enable the students to perform the experiment in the laboratory with the test bench developed.
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Losik, Len. "A PC WORKSTATION FOR SPACECRAFT FACTORY INTEGRATION & TEST." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609742.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaPC technology has progressed to the point that it can very effectively support commercial geostationary spacecraft design, manufacture, test, launch, ground station, and on-orbit mission control activities. Many of the manufacturers that provide VME spacecraft test hardware and software are now providing the same functions and performance for the PC. A PC workstation equipped with single and multiple Pentium processors and Windows NT software can support single and multiple uplinks/downlinks and provide client/server capabilities that perform traditional UNIX client/server operations. Such a PC workstation can provide the functionality, features, and performance necessary for commercial spacecraft board-level test, unit-level test, subsystem-level test, spacecraft bus and payload integration, and ground station monitoring and control, as well as on-orbit mission control activities.
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Rodríguez, Valderrama José Fernando. "Generación automática de casos de prueba para test de una GUI, usando colonia de hormigas y metaheurística golosa." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5037.
Full textAbstract:
Presenta una propuesta del uso de dos metaheurísticas: optimización basada en colonia de hormigas y metaheurística golosa, los que permitirán la generación automática de casos de prueba para test sobre una GUI (Graphical User Interface) con el objetivo de que sean aplicados al producto final (pruebas funcionales) y detecten en qué puntos el producto no cumple sus especificaciones. Esto facilitará a las empresas de software la modificación de algún artefacto o componente del sistema por cambios en el negocio, y la generación de nuevos casos de prueba asociados al cambio realizado.Tesis
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Losik, Len. "A PC-BASED RF TEST CONSOLE FOR INTEGRATION & TEST ON NASA’S LUNAR PROSPECTOR SPACECRAFT." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609724.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 27-30, 1997 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaLunar Prospector’s project engineering staff selected a Windows PC platform as the RF test console for the Lunar Prospector spacecraft. The spacecraft test team chose the PCbased RF test console because the PC provides a low-cost, common platform with a graphical user interface. The PC provides point-and-click, menu-driven windows that are common throughout the satellite factory. The PC RF test console is being used to exercise the Lunar Prospector spacecraft RF link for RF commanding, telemetry, and ranging signals during factory test, including thermal vacuum chamber testing. For spacecraft command and control at the factory, the PC-based RF test console is networked to a UNIX workstation over RS-422. The PC RF test console and spacecraft interface are controlled through a coax switch residing in a test rack next to the workstation. The PC RF test console is connected directly to the Lunar Prospector spacecraft using coax cable through the spacecraft Telemetry, Commanding, & Ranging (TC&R) RF antenna hat for both transmit and receive functions. The PC RF test console is also connected hard-line to the spacecraft transponder through the transponder RS-422 connection. This connection provides the ability for spacecraft telemetry to be received at the PC at RF or baseband. The same hard-line spacecraft telemetry data is provided to the UNIX workstation for comparison. NASA’s Lunar Prospector project is the first of the Discovery series of “faster, better, cheaper” missions to be competitively awarded. Lunar Prospector project funding was capped by NASA to ensure that no overruns would occur. The mission was funded to support the scientific community’s desire to verify the presence of ice on the moon and collect environmental data to understand the dynamics that may have led to polar ice deposits. The Lunar Prospector mission received funding in 1996 with a launch planned for September 1997
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Giacalone, Marco. "Development of qualification procedures for DRM2 acquisition boards of the ALICE-TOF detector." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17075/.
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Il lavoro di questa tesi è inserito nel contesto del programma di upgrade previsto per l'esperimento ALICE durante lo spegnimento della macchina acceleratrice nel biennio 2019-2020 (Long Shutdown 2).
A partire dal 2021 è prevista in ALICE la registrazione di dati a un rate di interazione maggiore rispetto al passato sia in collisioni pp (fino a 200 kHz) che in eventi Pb-Pb (fino a 50 kHz). Oltre al rinnovo di alcuni detector (tracciatore al silicio e TPC), andranno
potenziati gli attuali sistemi di readout per permettere un readout continuo senza preselezione di eventi.
Nello specifico l'attività svolta per questa tesi è legata al collaudo e allo sviluppo dei nuovi Data Readout Module (DRM2) che andranno a sostituire i precedenti componenti nel rivelatore a tempo di volo (TOF) dell'esperimento.
Per monitorare le funzionalità della scheda è stata sviluppata una GUI (Graphical user interface) che permette la lettura e scrittura di tutti i registri interni della scheda e anche la programmazione del principale ASIC in uso da essa (il chip GBTx che implementa
un ricevitore/trasmettitore a 4.8 Gbit/s). Tale procedura è importante perchè permette al GBTx di programmarsi all'accensione della scheda nella configurazione richiesta.
Poiché la scheda sarà esposta in ambiente radiativo moderatamente ostile (TID = 0.13 krad in 10 anni), sono stati effettuati dei test presso il Centro di Prototerapia di Trento con un fascio di protoni di 100 MeV di energia ad alta intensità su alcuni componenti chiave (FPGA Microsemi Igloo2 e transceiver ottici della AVAGO). Vengono discussi i risultati in termini di resistenza alla dose totale assorbita, di sezione d'urto per Single
Event Upset (SEU) e Latchup (SEL).
Al fine di sviluppare un sistema di test-bench compatto della scheda è stata infine sviluppata un'applicazione per consentire il collegamento via LAN attraverso protocollo UDP per monitorare i dati ricevuti attraverso il link GBTx dalla DRM2 con una scheda di
sviluppo della Xilinx.
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Adamo, Jr David T. "Online Construction of Android Application Test Suites." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062844/.
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Mobile applications play an important role in the dissemination of computing and information resources. They are often used in domains such as mobile banking, e-commerce, and health monitoring. Cost-effective testing techniques in these domains are critical. This dissertation contributes novel techniques for automatic construction of mobile application test suites. In particular, this work provides solutions that focus on the prohibitively large number of possible event sequences that must be sampled in GUI-based mobile applications. This work makes three major contributions: (1) an automated GUI testing tool, Autodroid, that implements a novel online approach to automatic construction of Android application test suites (2) probabilistic and combinatorial-based algorithms that systematically sample the input space of Android applications to generate test suites with GUI/context events and (3) empirical studies to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of our techniques on real-world Android applications. Our experiments show that our techniques achieve better code coverage and event coverage compared to random test generation. We demonstrate that our techniques are useful for automatic construction of Android application test suites in the absence of source code and preexisting abstract models of an Application Under Test (AUT). The insights derived from our empirical studies provide guidance to researchers and practitioners involved in the development of automated GUI testing tools for Android applications.
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Ušaniov, Andrej. "Mobiliųjų įrenginių grafinės vartotojo sąsajos automatizuotas testavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050531_015104-50296.
Full textAbstract:
Mobile devices such as cell phones and personal digital assistance are widely used in new software products. Testing takes important place in software development process. Constraints of mobile devices (speed, amount of memory, energy, small screen, wide range of platforms) raise new problems for software development process including testing phase. Automated approach of software testing reduces testing time and increases testing range. It is important to distinguish graphic user interface as a special part of testing. The aim of these master theses is to analyze automated testing of GUI for mobile devices, define testing tasks and ways to complete them.
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Löjdquist, Axel. "Net benefit analysis of Visual Regression Testing in a Continuous integration environment: An industrial Case study." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166347.
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Maintaining quality in software is a difficult task for several reasons, such as, company growth, time-to-market demands, code complexity and more. GUI testing tools and Continuous Integration (CI) are common practice today to tackle some of the issues with maintaining software quality. However, these techniques bring a set of challenges. Visual Regression Testing (VRT) is a special kind of GUI testing technique focused upon image-based assertions. This study presents an implementation and investigation of the benefits and drawbacks of introducing VRT for a CI environment in an industrial context. Additionally, the thesis investigates factors that need to be considered upon this transition. The results show that benefits are associated with this approach, such as, quicker feedback times and an increase in testing frequency. However, drawbacks and implications were also identified, such as, test maintenance and organizational concerns, indicating careful consideration needs to be taken by an organization before proceeding with an implementation.
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Johansson, Fredrik, and Oskar Dahl. "Autonomous Validation through Visual Inspection." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34366.
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The industrial testing phase of graphical user interfaces and the behaviour of screens, is still involving manual tests with human interaction. This type of testing is particularly difficult and time consuming to manually perform, due to time sensitive messages and information used within these interfaces. This thesis address this issue by introducing an approach to automate this process by utilizing high grade machine vision cameras and existing algorithm implementations from OpenCV 3.2.0. By knowing the expected graphical representation in advance, a comparison between the actual outcome and this expectation can be evaluated by applying image processing algorithms. It is found that this approach presents an Equal Error Rate of 6% while still maintaining a satisfactory time performance, in relation to the timeframe requirement of these time sensitive messages. Accuracy and time performance is profoundly affected by hardware equipment, partially due to the immense amount of image processing involved.
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Melo, Juraj. "Aplikace pro tvorbu sad testů GUI." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236402.
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This thesis describes a system for automated GUI testing using assistive technologies for accessing and manipulating GUI elements. The only input from the user to automated test system is a description of UI events and activities. For this purpose, a specialized language is proposed. The test system then automatically generates possible sequences of UI events applying a given criterion. Generated test set is executed by Python interpreter exploiting the Linux Desktop Testing Project (LDTP). Test system described in this thesis then provides reports and coverage evaluation for particular test cases and the whole test set.
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Račkauskas, Kazys. "Automatizuoto grafinės vartotojo sąsajos mobiliuose įrenginiuose testavimo tyrimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_143958-67513.
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Naujuose programiniuose produktuose plačiai taikoma mobilioji įranga (mobilieji telefonai, delniniai kompiuteriai). Programinės įrangos kūrimo procese svarbią vietą užima testavimas. Dabartinių mobiliųjų įranginių apribojimai (darbo sparta, atminties kiekis, energija, ekrano dydis, platformų įvairumas) kelia naujas problemas programinės įrangos kūrimo procesui, tame tarpe ir testavimui. Testavimo proceso automatizavimas leidžia sumažinti bandymų trukmę, padidinti testavimo darbų apimtį. Programinės įrangos testavime mobiliems įrenginiams svarbu išskirti grafinės vartotojo sąsajos testavimą. Svarbi testavimo dalis – testavimas pagal specifikaciją. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas grafinės vartotojo sąsajos automatizuotas testavimas mobiliai įrangai, nustatomi tikslai, galimi keliai jiems pasiekti bei galimas testavimo aplinkos praplėtimas testų generavimui pagal specifikaciją.Mobile devices such as cell phones and personal digital assistance are widely used in new software products. Testing takes important place in software development process. Constraints of mobile devices (speed, amount of memory, energy, small screen, wide range of platforms) raise new problems for software development process including testing phase. Automated approach of software testing reduces testing time and increases testing range. It is important to distinguish graphic user interface as a special part of testing. The important part of testing is specification based testing. The aim of these master theses is to analyze automated testing of GUI for mobile devices, define testing tasks and enhance mobile device testing framework by providing means for test case generation from specification.
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Fedor, Denis. "SW pro ovládání klimatických zkoušek." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316374.
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This thesis deals with control of a specific climate chamber used for various climate tests. Therefore its elaboration starts with the identification of properties of this climate chamber and basic design of its control. This is followed by measuring the temperature distribution in its internal space in order to verify the usability of this climate chamber. The thesis also does not omit a description of the communication options between climate chamber and application for control of climate tests. The next part of this thesis concerns the design and implementation of the application for control of climate tests itself. On its output is a report of the performed climate test. In the end this thesis contains the description of program testing in the real operation of the company and other possible improvements of the implemented program.
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Koppula, Sreedevi. "Automated GUI Tests Generation for Android Apps Using Q-learning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984181/.
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Mobile applications are growing in popularity and pose new problems in the area of software testing. In particular, mobile applications heavily depend upon user interactions and a dynamically changing environment of system events. In this thesis, we focus on user-driven events and use Q-learning, a reinforcement machine learning algorithm, to generate tests for Android applications under test (AUT). We implement a framework that automates the generation of GUI test cases by using our Q-learning approach and compare it to a uniform random (UR) implementation. A novel feature of our approach is that we generate user-driven event sequences through the GUI, without the source code or the model of the AUT. Hence, considerable amount of cost and time are saved by avoiding the need for model generation for generating the tests. Our results show that the systematic path exploration used by Q-learning results in higher average code coverage in comparison to the uniform random approach.
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Dronamraj, Rakesh. "Tools and Versioning for GUI text in SDP3 : Rakesh Dronamraj." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, MDALAB - Human Computer Interfaces, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60080.
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Scania, one of the heavy engines manufacturers, produces Scania Diagnos Programmer 3 (SDP3) to facilitate repair process in their workshops. SDP3 is localizable software which challenges to separate User Interface strings (UI strings) during development process and later combine with the localized strings for local user access. The objective of this report is to provide knowledgeable solution for Graphical User Interface (GUI) development, especially with respect to synchronization of UI strings in SDP3.The migration of SDP3 from .NET 3.0v framework to .NET 3.5v framework satisfies modern standards and needs. With regards to migration of SDP3’s localization process, I have attempted to summarize major .NET 3.5v framework methods that can be used for localization of GUI text in SDP3. Experiments show that tools used to facilitate the localization process also lack important features. Although pre-build process and post-build process provide promising solutions for localization, using them along with some proprietary localization tool should result in more features, better and faster production cycle. However, proprietary localization tool have to be used with anyone of the localization methods.
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Ludovici, Michelle. "Automated GUI regression tests via remote desktop with Robot Framework and Sikuli." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-24473.
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To test software over a remote desktop is an increasingly common practice since outsourcing and offshoring of testing activities are on the rise. Most companies useproprietary testing tools which require an agent to be installed on the remote machine.This installation opens several attack surfaces and has thus the potential to compromise security. In addition license, support and other proprietary test tool costs might reduce the return on investment of automated tests to an unprofitable level, especially for relatively short projects.Robot Framework with Sikuli integration (RFSI) is a concept based on two open source tools which offer solutions concerning the security and cost issues. RFSI based tests do not need any further installations, access rights or network configurations on the remote machine, because of the fact that the tests are based on visual input. Therefore tests with RFSI cannot access the AUT (Application Under Test) or the remote machine in any other way than a manual tester could. Open-source tools, being freely available, also escape the problem of licence costs. The purpose of the proof of concept pilot study wasto give an answer on the question if RFSI can furthermore be considered an alternative to proprietary tools in terms of requirements for tool quality characteristics and for the external context of test automation projects.The methodology of this research followed the broader Goal-Question-Metrics method(GQM) described by Rini van Solingen and Egon Berghout, based on the GQM approachby Victor Basili and David Weiss. The requirements and metrics for the evaluation of RFSI in the study were selected through a literature study of ISO/IEC-TR9126-3 and other articles in the field. They comprehend six categories: functionality, reliability,maintainability and stability, efficiency, understandability and portability. For each category,metrics were established and adapted to the context of the proof of concept. The scope of the project was given by six use cases and test specifications, established in cooperation with system experts at the company CGI Sundsvall. These were then translated into RFSI test scripts and implemented with the requirements for successful remote GUI testing in mind.The results of the measurements for the proof of concept study showed that RFSI fulfilles the internal and external requirements for successful automated testing completely for functionality, understandability and portability. The requirements are partially satisfiedfor reliability, maintainability and stability, and efficiency.In conclusion, RFSI satisfies enough requirements to be considered a viable alternative to commercial testing tools for tests of GUI (Graphical User Interface) desktop applications over a remote desktop.
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Pinto, R. K. "A gun based test method to simulate mine blast against boots." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10991.
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Blast mines have played a major role in almost every conflict from the two world wars to the most recent skirmishes. They provide a psychological threat in addition to denying access to areas and exerting a huge toll on the logistic and medical capabilities in conflict zones. Due to the lack of inexpensive and reliable mechanical technique that would work consistently and without the danger of mines being missed, human deminers are often preferred. This means that deminers are under constant threat of serious traumatic injuries to lower extremities, potentially leading to amputation and death.
A limited number of studies have been published in the open literature regarding the performance of boots both commercially available and those that are specifically designed to deal with anti – personnel mines. The issue with these studies is that while they have followed a common test method, they have been unable to agree on the variables involved. This has resulted in studies that produce vastly different results making them difficult to compare. However, while all of them have concluded that none of the commercial boots tested provided adequate protection against even a small mine, there have been varied results observed with respect to certain mine resistant boots with some reporting adequate protection while others reporting outright failure. Blast testing involves a large number of variables making it difficult to produce repeatable, consistent and conclusive results, and therefore difficult to prove the claims of different boots.
The aim of the research project was i) to investigate the reliability and reproducibility of current blast test methods while testing the performance of commercially available boots and ii) to develop a new test method that is able to replicate the performance of blast test methods that is capable of producing more consistent and reproducible results while being cheaper, quicker and flexible.
To address these challenges, blast testing was conducted using a variety of commercially available boots – i) to test their performance and if the results observed line up with the literature and ii) to obtain baseline data for further analysis. Blast testing demonstrated that none of the commercially available boots offer adequate protection even against a small mine. They additionally highlighted issues with this type of testing regarding their accuracy and repeatability. This was compared to an analysis of the effect that foams have on reducing loads, which showed that by increasing the number of layers it was possible to reduce the loads measured. However, the total impulse measured remained the same irrespective of the foam thickness. The baseline data from the blast test was used to develop a new gun based test in order to address the limitation observed during blast testing. The final version of this test was able to match the performance of the blast test while being able to produce penetration. A subsection of the research tested the effectiveness of socks as a means of preventing contamination. Two different types of socks were used in three different arrangements and testing revealed that socks have a positive effect on preventing contamination.
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Ahlström, Catharina, and Kristina Fridensköld. "How to support and enhance communication : in a student software development project." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1624.
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This report, in which we have put an emphasis on the word communication, is based on a student software development project conducted during spring 2002. We describe how the use of design tools plays a key role in supporting communication in group activities and to what extent communication can be supported and enhanced by tools such as mock-ups and metaphors in a group project. We also describe a design progress from initial sketches to a final mock-up of a GUI for a postcard demo application.I denna rapport, som baserar sig på ett studentprojekt utfört under våren 2002, har vi fokuserat på ordet kommunikation. Vi beskriver hur användande av designverktyg kan spela en nyckelroll när det gäller att stöda kommunikation i gruppaktiviteter och i vilken utsträckning kommunikation kan stödas och förstärkas av verktyg som mockuper och metaforer. Vi beskriver också en designprogress från initiala skisser till färdig mockup av ett grafiskt användargränssnitt för en demoapplikation av en vykortstjänst.
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Jackson, Tyler Andrew. "Gas gun studies of armature-rail interface wear effects." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37223.
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The objective of this work has been to investigate the applicability of the gas gun to study the armature-rail interface wear characteristics relevant to rail gun operations. The approach involved developing constitutive models for armature materials (aluminum 6061) as well as oxygen-free high-thermal conductivity copper as the rail material. Taylor rod-on-anvil impact experiments were performed to validate the accuracy of constitutive strength models by correlating predictions of dynamic simulations in ANSYS AUTODYN with experimental observations. An optical comparator was used to discretize the cross sectional deformation profile of each rod-shaped sample. Parameters of the Johnson-Cook strength model were adjusted for each material to match deformation profiles obtained from simulations with profiles obtained from impact experiments. The fitted Johnson-Cook model parameters for each material were able to give overall deformed length and diameter values within 2% of the experimentally observed data. Additional simulations were then used with the validated strength model parameters to design the geometry involving cylindrical rods of armature material accelerated through a concentric cylindrical extrusion die made of copper, to emulate the interface wear effects produced in a rail gun operation. Experiments were conducted using this geometry and employing both the 7.62mm and 80mm diameter gas guns. Microstructural analysis was conducted on interfaces of the recovered samples from both designs. Hardness measurements were also performed along the interface layer to evaluate the structure formation due to solid-state wear or melt formation. The stress and strain conditions resulting in the observed microstructural effects were correlated with predictions from numerical simulations performed using the validated material models. The overall results illustrate that the stress-strain conditions produced during acceleration of Al through hollow concentric copper extrusion die, result in interface deformation and wear characteristics that are influenced by velocity. At velocities (less than 800m/s), interface wear leads to formation of layer dominated by solid-state alloying of Cu and Al, while higher velocities produce a melted and re-solidified aluminum layer. Hence, use of different armature (Al-based) and rail (Cu-based) materials can be evaluated with the gas-gun set-up employed in the current work to study the effects of interface wear ranging from formation melt layer to solid-state alloying as a function of material properties and velocity.
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Scott, Kimberly A. "Is the GAI a good short form of the WISC-IV?" Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=614.
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Garcia, Anuska Conde Fagundes Soares. "Avalia??o do potencial mutag?nico da ?gua do a?ude de Lucr?cia (RN- Brasil): um enfoque na rela??o sa?de e ambiente." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18235.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-14Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The water quality of many reservoirs in the world has been reduced due to percolation of contaminants to water, which can have natural or anthropogenic origin, increasing the level of genotoxic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. This fact has contributed to the reduction of environmental quality, and commitment the health of living beings that inhabit these ecosystems, including the human population. In this backdrop of reduced water quality, is the Lucrecia dam, which is a major surface water reservoirs by volume of semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, and that has shown contamination by heavy metals, cyanobacteria toxic and the natural presence of Radon. The population that use this source has been showing high rates of cancer, popularly associated with the consumption of this water, with a prevalence about three times higher compared to the whole state of Rio Grande do Norte. Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic potencial of surface water from the Lucrecia dam, using the Micronucleus Test in Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MN) and in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (CBMN) assay, as well as identify the concentrations of some heavy metals in this water. Water samples were collected on a dry season and a rainy season, in two distinct points. Moreover, in order to bring a completely view about the relationship of man-health-environment in this local, through the knowledge of knowing / acting environmental from residents of Lucrecia, and the use and perceptions they have about the dam of your city, a study of Environmental Perception was carried out with local residents. The results obtained for the both micronucleus test, showed significant results for the three points analyzed. The strongest mutagenic effect was observed in the dry season for both assays. Chemical analyses detected an increase of heavy metal levels in different points and season above the maximum allowed by legislation. Regarding the study of Environmental Perception with local residents, it was observed the knowledge of the environment that the residents have, as well as the strong ties and perceptions with the dam of the city. Thus, the combination of these two aspects (the genetic toxicity tests conducted in the dam together with analysis of environmental perception with the residents of Lucrecia) allowed to draw a more complete diagnosis on the local situation
A qualidade h?drica de diversos mananciais tem sido reduzida devido ? percola??o de contaminantes, seja de origem antr?pica ou natural, aumentando consideravelmente o n?vel de compostos genot?xicos nos ecossistemas aqu?ticos. Tal fato vem contribuindo para a redu??o da qualidade ambiental, bem como para o comprometimento da sa?de dos seres vivos que habitam esses ecossistemas, inclusive o homem. Diante deste cen?rio, est? o a?ude de Lucr?cia, que ? um dos principais reservat?rios h?dricos superficiais, da regi?o Semi-?rida do Estado do RN, e que tem demonstrado contamina??o por metais pesados, cianobact?rias t?xicas e a presen?a natural do Rad?nio. Aliado a esses problemas, a popula??o deste munic?pio vem apresentando elevada incid?ncia de c?ncer associada popularmente ao consumo dessa ?gua, sendo a preval?ncia cerca de tr?s vezes maior, quando comparada a todo o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Visto isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial mutag?nico da ?gua superficial do a?ude de Lucr?cia por meio do teste de micron?cleo em Tradescantia pallida e em cultura de Linf?citos Humanos, assim como identificar as concentra??es de metais pesados presentes nesta ?gua. A coleta de ?gua foi realizada em dois pontos amostrais, no per?odo de seca e no per?odo chuvoso. Ademais, com o intuito de trazer um panorama mais completo da rela??o homem-sa?de-ambiente nesta localidade, atrav?s do conhecimento do saber/agir ambiental dos moradores de Lucr?cia, assim como o uso e percep??es estes t?m sobre o a?ude do seu munic?pio, foi realizado um estudo de Percep??o Ambiental com os moradores locais. Os resultados obtidos para o teste de Micron?cleo, para ambos os modelos utilizados, mostraram resultados significantes para os pontos coletados. O per?odo de seca apresentou uma m?dia maior de micron?cleos quando comparado ao per?odo chuvoso. Foi observado tamb?m concentra??es acima do permitido pela legisla??o brasileira de alguns metais pesados. Com rela??o ao estudo de Percep??o Ambiental com os moradores locais, a an?lise dos dados permitiu observar os conhecimentos sobre meio ambiente que os moradores possuem, assim como a forte liga??o e as concep??es que os mesmos possuem com o a?ude do munic?pio. Assim, a jun??o dessas duas vertentes (os testes de toxicidade gen?tica realizados no a?ude desta cidade aliado a an?lise de percep??o ambiental com os moradores de Lucr?cia) permitiu tra?ar um diagn?stico mais completo sobre a situa??o local
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Oliveira, Givanilson Brito de. "Avalia??o da genotoxicidade das ?guas do len?ol fre?tico sob a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16778.
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Previous issue date: 2007-02-28Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The groundwater represents the most important freshwater supply of planet. Dailly, in all world a great amount of toxic and genotoxic material reaches the aquatic systems, mainly the aquifers. The Barreiras aquifer through of five water wells is responsible for the supplying of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). All water wells are polluted with nitrate and some heavy metals, two of them were disabled. The genotoxicity of groundwater samples from Barreiras Aquifer in UFRN was assessed using the Allium cepa test, the Ames test and the Salmonella typhymurium microsuspension test (Kado test). For the Allium cepa test the influence of the groundwater samples collected on macroscopic (root length, colour and form) and microscopic (root tip mitotic index, chromosome aberrations and micronucleus) parameters was examined. All water samples caused a significant increase of the chromosome and mitotic aberration frequency and reduction on the rooth growth compared to negative control. Bridges and chromosome stickness were the most frequent kind of aberration in dividing cells. Furthermore, breaks were also observed. No significant increase in the number of micronuclei was found in relation to the negative controls. For Ames test were used the Salmonella typhymurium strains TA98 and TA100 without metabolic activation, applying the direct method. Prior to the Kado test, organic fractions from the water samples were obtained through XAD resin concentration. The mutagenicity organic extracts were evaluated by Kado test using TA98 and TA100 strains, in the absence and presence of S9 mix (metabolic activation). The concentrations of seven heavy metal ions were measured in water samples, but only Ni, Cu and Cr levels exceeded the permissible maximum concentration for the natural reservoirs. The results obtained for mutagenic activity using the Ames test were negative in all raw water samples analyzed. Positive results in XAD4 extracts of water samples were obtained for TA98 in the presence of S9 mix for two stations. Concentrations of heavy metals and nitrate can be correlated with the toxicity and genotoxicity of water analyzed. The mutagenic effect detected with TA98 strain suggested that organic compounds (after metabolization) are involved with the mutagenicity detected in the samples analyzed. The data set obtained in this work indicated the presence of at least two classes of mutagens: organic and inorganic compounds
As ?guas subterr?neas representam o suprimento mais importante de ?gua doce do planeta. Diariamente, em todo planeta, uma grande quantidade de material t?xico e genot?xico atingem os sistemas aqu?ticos, principalmente os aq??feros. O aq??fero Barreiras, atrav?s de cinco po?os, ? respons?vel pelo abastecimento da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Todos os po?os encontram-se contaminados com nitrato e alguns metais pesados. Dois deles foram desativados. A genotoxicidade das amostras das ?guas subterr?neas do aq??fero Barreiras na UFRN foi avaliada usando os teste Allium cepa, o teste de Ames e o teste de microsuspens?o com Salmonella typhimurium (Teste de kado). Para o teste Allium cepa a influ?ncia das amostras de ?gua subterr?neas coletadas nos par?metros macrosc?picos (crescimento, colora??o e forma da raiz), microsc?pico (?ndice mit?tico, aberra??es cromoss?micas e micron?cleo) foram examinadas. Todas as amostras de ?gua causaram aumento significante na freq??ncia de aberra??es cromoss?micas e mit?ticas e redu??o no crescimento das ra?zes comparando com o controle negativo. Pontes e cromossomos stickness foram os tipos de aberra??es mais freq?entes nas c?lulas em divis?o. Al?m disso, quebras de DNA tamb?m foram observadas. N?o foi encontrado aumento significante no n?mero de micron?cleos comparando com o controle negativo. Para execu??o do teste de Ames, aplicando o m?todo direto foram usadas ?s linhagens de Salmonella typhymurium TA98 e TA100 sem ativa??o metab?lica. As amostras de ?gua foram submetidas ao processo de concentra??o em resina XAD antes do teste de Kado. Extra??o org?nica foi realizada em colunas contendo resina XAD4 que absorve uma grande classe de compostos mutag?nicos. A mutagenicidade dos extratos org?nicos foi avaliada pelo teste de Kado usando as linhagens TA98 e TA100, na aus?ncia e na presen?a da fra??o S9 (ativa??o metab?lica). As concentra??es de sete metais pesados foram medidas nas amostras de ?gua, apenas os n?veis de Ni, Cu e Cr excederam os n?veis m?ximos de concentra??es permitidas para os reservat?rios naturais. Os resultados obtidos para a atividade mutag?nica usando o teste de Ames foi negativo em todas amostras de ?gua bruta analisadas. Resultados positivos com o extrato da resina XAD4 das amostras de ?gua foram obtidos para cepa TA98 na presen?a da fra??o S9 para duas amostras. Metais pesados e nitrato podem estar correlacionadas com a toxicidade e genotoxicidade observada nas amostras de ?gua analisadas. O efeito mutag?nico detectado com a linhagem TA98 sugere que compostos org?nicos (depois de metabolizados) causaram a mutagenicidade detectada nas amostras analisadas. Em conjunto, os dados obtidos neste trabalho indicam a presen?a de pelo menos duas classes de mut?genos: compostos org?nicos e inorg?nicos
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CHIAPPARINI, GIULIANO. "GLI "EXCERPTA EX THEODOTO" DI CLEMENTE ALESSANDRINO Introduzione, testo, traduzione e commento." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/19301.
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L'opera presenta una nuova edizione critica del testo greco degli "Estratti da Teodoto" di Clemente Alessandrino oltre alla prima traduzione italiana completa. Alcuni capitoli introduttivi e un esteso commento permettono di apprezzare la ricchezza di contenuti di questa fonte di inizio III sec. per lo studio dello gnosticismo, letteratura cristiana antica, patristica e storia del dogma. Gli "Estratti da Teodoto" non sono una raccolta di frammenti originali copiati da fonti gnostiche principalmente valentiniane, come si crede abitualmente. Ad un'analisi approfondita essi appaiono come una collezione di tredici frammenti tratti dalle "Ipotiposi", un'opera perduta di Clemente. La natura e il contenuto di questi frammenti mostrano che la tradizionale suddivisione degli ETh in quattro sezioni (Sagnard) non è ricevibile. Deve pure essere abbandonato il tentativo di individuare precisamente le parti 'valentiniane' e 'clementine'. Clemente riporta raramente citazioni letterali tratte dalle sue fonti, mentre molto spesso presenta le dottrine 'eterodosse' in modo indiretto, proponendo delle sintesi ('epitomes'). Nella prima parte degli ETh Clemente presenta e discute soprattutto dottrine valentiniane, probabilmente 'orientali'. Tuttavia, a partire principalmente dal frammento 11 illustra il pensiero di Teodoto. Costui sembra abbia sviluppato e modificato dottrine del valentinianesimo 'occidentale', come dimostra il confronto con la 'Grande Notizia' di Ireneo.The work presents a new critical edition of the greek text of "Excerpta ex Theodoto" of Clement of Alexandria together with the first complete Italian translation. Some introductory chapters and an extensive commentary allow you to appreciate the richness of the contents of this early third century source for the study of Gnosticism, ancient Christian literature, patristic and history of dogma. The ETh are not a collection of original fragments copied from Gnostic sources mainly valentinian, as believed to routinely. For an in-depth analysis they appear to be a compilation of thirteen fragments from "Hypotyposeis", lost work of Clement. The nature and extent of these fragments show that the traditional division of the ETh in four sections is unacceptable. It must also be abandoned the attempt to accurately identify 'valentinian' and 'clementinian' parts. Clement shows a few quotes verbatim from his sources. Very often shows 'heterodox' doctrines indirectly proposing summaries ('epitomes'). In the first part of the collection Clement presents and discusses especially valentinian doctrines, probably 'eastern'. Instead, starting mainly from the fragment 11, he presents the Theodotus thought. He seems develope and modify doctrines of 'western' valentinianism, as demonstrated by the comparison with the 'Great Notice' of Irenaeus.
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Chmelík, Pavel. "Mají odkupy zbraní pozitivní vliv na míru kriminality?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199725.
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This paper analyzes effect of gun buyback that took place in Great Britain in years 1996 and 1997 on crime rate and compares the results with theoretical arguments and previous empirical findings. It contains analysis of three independent time series: crime rate in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Models of the time series are built using Box-Jenkins methodology. The models are tested for presence of a structural break using visual analysis, Chow test and Quandt-Andrews test. These tests are used as an evaluation criterion of the effect of buyback on crime rate. The result of the analysis is that it is not possible to reject the null hypothesis that buybacks do not have effect on crime rate.
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Meireles, Silvia Regina Assis. "Evolução da ferramenta web guitar para geração automática de casos de teste de interface para aplicações web." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4049.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Web applications are in our daily routine and are fundamental in several areas, such as education, health, and entertainment. A failure in these applications can cause financial loss, so it is essential to ensure their quality. One way to achieve this goal is through software testing. Although the testing activities bring many benefits, they add cost to a software development project, which should be reduced. A strategy used for this is testing automation. Repetitive and error prone activities are strong candidates to be automated, among them we can mention the test cases generation. The Web Guitar tool enables the generation and execution of test cases from the structural model of Web application under test. This model presents problems related to its accuracy. Thus, this work proposes its evolution aiming to increase the number of generated test cases and improve their quality. As contribution, a new version of Web Guitar tool was implemented to sweep a web application identifying new GUI elements and visiting different instances of a same page in order to provide a more complete model. The results obtained in a case study performed with two Web applications, System to Support PPGI/UFAM and DiskTransito, provided evidence of the feasibility of this work, since the proposed tool (WG-Modified) contributed to the generation of a greater number of test cases for System to Support PPGI/UFAM, despite its execution time exceed the time calculated for the original tool. When analyzing the time required to generate each test case, WG-Modified was more efficient than its original version. However, the results of this study for the second application (DiskTransito) showed some problems and limitations that will be addressed in future works.
Aplicações Web estão presente em nossa rotina diária e são fundamentais em diversas áreas, tais como educação, saúde e entretenimento. Uma falha nessas aplicações pode ocasionar grandes perdas, portanto é essencial garantir a qualidade das mesmas. Uma forma de se alcançar esse objetivo é por meio do teste de software. Embora o teste de software traga inúmeros benefícios, ele acrescenta elevados custos ao projeto de desenvolvimento, que devem ser reduzidos. Uma estratégia utilizada para isso é a automação de teste. Atividades repetitivas e propensas a enganos são fortes candidatas a serem automatizadas, dentre elas podemos citar a geração de casos de teste. A ferramenta Web Guitar possibilita a geração e execução dos casos de teste, a partir do modelo estrutural da aplicação Web testada. Esse modelo apresenta problemas quanto a sua precisão. Assim, neste trabalho propõe-se sua evolução com o objetivo de aumentar o número de casos de teste gerados e melhorar a sua qualidade. Como resultado, foi implementada uma nova versão desta ferramenta que varre uma aplicação web identificando novos elementos de interface e visitando diferentes instâncias de uma mesma página com o intuito de prover um modelo mais completo. Os resultados do estudo de caso realizado com duas aplicações Web, Sistema de Apoio ao PPGI/UFAM e Disk Transito, forneceram indícios da viabilidade deste trabalho, visto que a ferramenta proposta (WG-Modificada) contribuiu para a geração de um número maior de casos de teste para o Sistema de Apoio ao PPGI/UFAM, apesar do seu tempo de execução ser superior ao tempo obtido pela versão original da ferramenta. Ao se analisar o tempo necessário para gerar cada caso de teste, verifica-se que a WG-Modificada foi mais eficiente que a versão original. Porém, os resultados do estudo para o Disk Transito evidenciaram problemas e limitações que serão tratados em trabalhos futuros
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Shook, Garrett W. (Garrett Winston) 1975. "Design, assembly, and test of the launch and flight support and deployment system for a gun launched reconnaissance vehicle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9936.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998.At head of title: MIT/Draper Technology Development Partnership Program.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).
by Garrett W. Shook.
M.Eng.
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Santos, Denísia Moraes dos. "Guia de receitas brasileiras: uma saborosa viagem pela literatura." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13497.
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Previous issue date: 2011-04-08Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This thesis aims to investigate, from the standpoint of Dialogic Discourse Analysis, the process of making sense in Brazilian Recipes Guide, winner text of the Cultural Contest Nestlé Journey Through Literature (1999). With the theme Literature and life in 500 years of Brazil , this edition has challenges students and teachers to produce a literary intertext, viewing the topic of "literary journey," they make a tour through five works of the classical tradition of Brazilian literature ─ Cronistas do Descobrimento, with texts by Pero Vaz de Caminha, Hans Staden, O cortiço by Aluísio Azevedo, Dom Casmurro by Machado de Assis , Fogo morto by José Lins do Rego and Sentimento do mundo, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Among the school production winners of the first contest edition we selected Brazilian Recipes Guide to be our study object due to this text presents a particularity: this work does not only presents the journey as part of the organizing center of the space-time relations in the narrative, as we could note in the other two productions, but it also brings a hybrid composition (cooking recipe and poetical recipe). We shall also examine the literary path that moved in 1999, more than six thousand schools, public and private, making the high school students jumping out from the position of poor reading condition students to students able to sign their own texts. It constitutes, therefore, the corpus of this research, the texts Brazilian Recipes Guide and Nestlé Journey Through Literature Guide (Pedagogical Dossier). To understand the process of making sense in Brazilian Recipes Guide, we seek theoretical support in the study of M. Bakhtin, entitled "Forms of time and chronotope in the novel: essays in historical poetics." The choice of this theoretical approach is justified by observing the space of narrative Brazilian Recipes Guide of some features of the nature of cronotopos (neologism meaning "time-space") examined by Bakhtin. Find explanations for the process of making sense in Brazilian Recipes Guide into three categories chronotopic, observed in the study of Bakhtin, chronotope of metamorphosis, chronotope of the road and chronotope of the author and reader. Regarding the process of making sense of the text, the analysis of Brazilian Recipes Guide showed that authors and readers play active roles in the construction of meaning, and the repertoire of literary nature of both the relevant aspect of the relationship that develops between set out in the same narrative space. The Nestlé Journey Through Literature Guide favored the transformation of young readers with low incomes in the assessment of critical reading for readers and authors of literary texts. Showed the Brazilian students and interdiscursive intertextual dialogue that runs through "literary journey
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo compreender, sob o ponto de vista da Análise Dialógica do Discurso, o processo de construção dos sentidos em Guia de receitas brasileiras ─ texto premiado na primeira edição do Concurso Cultural Viagem Nestlé pela Literatura (1999). Com o tema A literatura e a vida nos 500 anos de Brasil , essa edição desafiou alunos e professores a produzir um intertexto literário-cultural, utilizando cinco obras da literatura brasileira ─ Cronistas do Descobrimento, com textos de Pero Vaz de Caminha e Hans Staden, O Cortiço, de Aluísio Azevedo, Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis, Fogo Morto, de José Lins do Rego e Sentimento do Mundo, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Dentre os textos vencedores na primeira edição do concurso, selecionamos Guia de receitas brasileiras para nosso objeto de estudo, em razão de esse texto apresentar uma particularidade: essa produção escolar não apenas oferece o elemento temático viagem como centro organizador das relações espaço-temporais na narrativa, conforme observamos nas outras duas produções, mas traz também uma composição híbrida (receita culinária e receita poética). Examinamos, também, o roteiro literário que movimentou, em 1999, mais de seis mil escolas, públicas e privadas, fazendo o aluno do Ensino Médio saltar da posição de estudante sem interesse pela leitura para leitor com condição de assinar o próprio texto. Constituem, assim, o corpus desta pesquisa, o texto Guia de receitas brasileiras e o Guia Viagem Nestlé pela Literatura (Caderno Roteiro Cultural Caderno Pedagógico do concurso). Para compreender o processo de construção dos sentidos em Guia de receitas brasileiras, buscamos apoio teórico no estudo de M. Bakhtin, intitulado Formas de tempo e do cronotopo no romance: ensaios de poética histórica . A escolha desse recorte teórico se justifica por observarmos no espaço da narrativa de Guia de receitas brasileiras algumas características próximas da natureza dos cronotopos (neologismo que significa tempo-espaço ) examinados por Bakhtin. Encontramos explicações para o processo de construção dos sentidos em Guia de receitas brasileiras em três categorias cronotópicas, observadas no estudo de Bakhtin: cronotopo da metamorfose, cronotopo da estrada e cronotopo do autor e do leitor. No que diz respeito ao processo de construção dos sentidos do texto, a análise de Guia de receitas brasileiras mostrou que autores e leitores desempenham papéis ativos na construção de sentidos, sendo o repertório de natureza literária de ambos o aspecto relevante na relação que se cria entre enunciados no mesmo espaço narrativo. O Guia Viagem Nestlé pela Literatura favoreceu a transformação dos jovens leitores com baixo rendimento na avaliação de leitura para leitores críticos e autores de textos literários. Mostrou aos estudantes brasileiros o diálogo intertextual e interdiscursivo que percorre toda viagem literária
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Stoll, Yannick. "Nouveaux tests phénoménologiques pour les théories supersymétriques avec unification de type SU (5)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY053/document.
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Le modèle standard supersymétrique minimal (MSSM) est probablement une des théories de nouvelle physique les plus étudiées. Dans la plupart des études phénoménologiques, on fait l'hypothèse de la violation minimale de la saveur dans laquelle toutes les interactions violant la saveur sont directement liées à la matrice CKM du modèle Standard. Cependant, si la supersymétrie est plongée dans des cadres plus larges tels que les théories dites de Grande Unification, de nouvelles sources de violation de la saveur peuvent apparaitre. Les termes correspondant dans le lagrangien sont directement liés au choix du mécanisme de brisure de la supersymétrie. Or, à l'heure actuelle, aucun consensus n’existe quant au choix exact du mécanisme de brisure de la SUSY. Plusieurs mécanismes ont été évoqués récemment (entre autre, par le co-directeur de la thèse), qui pourraient conduire à des signatures prometteuses au LHC pour différents scénarios et domaines de paramètre. Le projet est donc idéalement situé à la frontière entre le 'model building' et des aspects plus phénoménologiques. Pour cette raison, le thésard sera naturellement amené à interagir de manière active avec le groupe de phénoménologie de physique des particules du LAPTh ainsi qu'avec les groupes de physique des particules du LAPP (ATLAS, LHCb..), laboratoire expérimental partageant le même bâtiment que le LAPTh. De plus, des collaborations sur le plan national, en particulier avec le LPSC de Grenoble, ainsi que sur le plan international, avec les universités de Würzburg et Münster (Allemagne) et le nouvel institut de physique de NATAL (Brésil) sont également envisagéesThe Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is probably the best studied of all new physics theories. In most phenomenological studies, one assumes the hypothesis of minimal flavour violation, where all flavour-violating interactions are related to the CKM-matrix (as it is the case in the standard model). However, if supersymmetry is embedded in larger frameworks such as grand unified theories (GUT), new sources of flavour violation can appear. The corresponding terms in the Lagrangian are directly related to the mechanism of supersymmetry breaking, for which at present no theoretical consensus exists. Several processes have recently been evoked (among others by the co-director of the proposed thesis), which might lead to promising signatures at the LHC if non-minimal flavour violation is realized. These studies, however, included flavour-violating terms directly at the electroweak scale without taking into account their possible origin at some high scale. The main goal of the project is to extend the previous work in order to take into account the link between the electroweak and the GUT scale. This will allow to put constraints on parameters describing supersymmetry breaking using constraints imposed at the electroweak scale. A second goal is the analysis of relevant processes with the help of current Monte-Carlo simulation tools in order to study the background and thus clarify the observability at LHC for different scenarios and regions of parameters space. So, the project is ideally situated at the frontier between model building and more phenomenological aspects. For this reason the project naturally includes interactions with the local particle physics phenomenology group at LAPTh as well as with the the neighbouring experimental groups (e.g. ATLAS, LHCb) at LAPP. Moreover, collaborations on the national, in particular with the LPSC Grenoble, and international level, e.g. with the University of Würzburg (Germany), the University of Münster (Germany) and the newly created International Institute of Physics in Natal (Brasil) are envisaged
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Lewkowski, Maxim D. "Chewing gum analgesia : a test of the effects of physiological stimuli on pain intensity and affective responses to routine painful procedures in children." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30822.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this randomized, controlled trial was to test whether sweet taste and chewing modify self-report of pain intensity and negative affect caused by blood-draws and vaccination in children. Subjects were recruited (age mean +/- SD; 9.82 +/- 0.8 years) from schools (n = 115) and a hospital (n = 101). Subjects were assigned to Control, Sweet, Chew or Sweet+chew interventions. Pain intensity was rated on the Coloured Analogue Scale (CAS) and affective quality on the Faces Pain Scale (FPS).In school and hospital settings a Sex by Sweet by Chew interaction was seen on CAS (p = 0.29; p < 0.01) and FPS (p < 0.05; p < 0.05) respectively. A consistent pattern was seen in which chewing reduced and sweet taste increased pain ratings in boys. The opposite effect was seen in girls. When sex was not considered no significant differences between groups were seen.
Sweet taste and chewing appear not to have useful analgesic effects. Sex must be considered in future investigations.
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Schlünz, Georg Isaac. "The effects of part–of–speech tagging on text–to–speech synthesis for resource–scarce languages / G.I. Schlünz." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4944.
Full textAbstract:
In the world of human language technology, resource–scarce languages (RSLs) suffer from the problem
of little available electronic data and linguistic expertise. The Lwazi project in South Africa
is a large–scale endeavour to collect and apply such resources for all eleven of the official South
African languages. One of the deliverables of the project is more natural text–to–speech (TTS)
voices. Naturalness is primarily determined by prosody and it is shown that many aspects of
prosodic modelling is, in turn, dependent on part–of–speech (POS) information. Solving the POS
problem is, therefore, a prudent first step towards meeting the goal of natural TTS voices.
In a resource–scarce environment, obtaining and applying the POS information are not trivial.
Firstly, an automatic tagger is required to tag the text to be synthesised with POS categories, but
state–of–the–art POS taggers are data–driven and thus require large amounts of labelled training
data. Secondly, the subsequent processes in TTS that are used to apply the POS information
towards prosodic modelling are resource–intensive themselves: some require non–trivial linguistic
knowledge; others require labelled data as well.
The first problem asks the question of which available POS tagging algorithm will be the most
accurate on little training data. This research sets out to answer the question by reviewing the
most popular supervised data–driven algorithms. Since literature to date consists mostly of isolated
papers discussing one algorithm, the aim of the review is to consolidate the research into a single
point of reference. A subsequent experimental investigation compares the tagging algorithms on
small training data sets of English and Afrikaans, and it is shown that the hidden Markov model
(HMM) tagger outperforms the rest when using both a comprehensive and a reduced POS tagset.
Regarding the second problem, the question arises whether it is perhaps possible to circumvent
the traditional approaches to prosodic modelling by learning the latter directly from the speech
data using POS information. In other words, does the addition of POS features to the HTS context
labels improve the naturalness of a TTS voice? Towards answering this question, HTS voices are
trained from English and Afrikaans prosodically rich speech. The voices are compared with and
without POS features incorporated into the HTS context labels, analytically and perceptually. For
the analytical experiments, measures of prosody to quantify the comparisons are explored. It is
then also noted whether the results of the perceptual experiments correlate with their analytical
counterparts. It is found that, when a minimal feature set is used for the HTS context labels, the
addition of POS tags does improve the naturalness of the voice. However, the same effect can be
accomplished by including segmental counting and positional information instead of the POS tags.Thesis (M.Sc. Engineering Sciences (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Filosofi, Fabio. "Gli atteggiamenti degli insegnanti della scuola primaria nei confronti della rappresentazione della disabilità all'interno dei libri di testo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/252064.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente studio ha investigato gli atteggiamenti degli insegnanti della scuola primaria nei confronti della rappresentazione all'interno dei libri di testo scolastici. Attraverso l'uso del mix-method la ricerca ha utilizzato le interviste semi-strutturate e il questionario creato a partire dai temi emersi nella fase qualitativa svolta in Italia rilevando atteggiamenti maggiormente positivi nei confronti della disabilità fisica rispetto alla disabilità intellettiva e alla realtà dello spettro autistico.Gli insegnanti di sostegno dimostrano di avere atteggiamenti più positivi nei confronti della rappresentazione della disabilità all'interno dei libri di testo scolastici. Gli ulteriori studi, americano e brasiliano, mettono in evidenza la tendenza cross-culturale dei risultati ottenuti nello studio italiano.
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Eust?quio, Hugo Mozer Barros. "Ensaios de tratabilidade aplicados a determina??o de par?metros para dimensionamento de processos de tratamento de ?gua de manancial eutrofizado." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15971.
Full textAbstract:
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Eutrophication is a growing process present in the water sources located in the northeast of Brazil. Among the main consequences of these changes in trophic levels of a water source, stands out adding complexity to the treatment to achieve water standards. By these considerations, this study aimed to define, on a laboratory scale, products and operational conditions to be applied in the processing steps using raw water from Gargalheiras dam, RN, Brazil. The dam mentioned shows a high number of cyanobacteria, with a concentration of cells / ml higher than that established by Decree No. 518/04 MS. The same source was also considered by the state environmental agency in 2009 as hypereutrophic. The static tests developed in this research simulated direct filtration (laboratory filters) and pre-oxidation with chlorine and powdered activated carbon adsorption. The research included the evaluation of the coagulants aluminum hydrochloride (HCA) and alum (SA). The development of the research investigated the conditions for rapid mixing, the dosages of coagulants and pHs of coagulation by the drawing of diagrams. The interference of filtration rate and particle size of filtering means were evaluated as samples and the time of contact were tested with chlorine and activated carbon. By the results of the characterization of the raw water source it was possible to identify the presence of a high pH (7.34). The true color was significant (29 uH) in relation to the apparent color and turbidity (66 uH and 13.60 NTU), reflecting in the measurement of organic matter: MON (8.41 mg.L-1) and Abs254 (0.065 cm-1). The optimization of quick mix set time of 17", the speed gradient of 700 s-1 in the coagulation with HCA and the time of 20" with speed gradient of 800 s-1 for SA. The smaller particle sizes of sand filtering means helped the treatment and the variation in filtration rate did not affect significantly the efficiency of the process. The evaluation of the processing steps found adjustment in standard color and turbidity of the Decree n? 518/04 MS, taking in consideration the average values found in raw water. In the treatment using the HCA for direct filtration the palatable pattern based on the apparent color can be achieved with a dose of 25 mg L-1. With the addition of pre-oxidation step, the standard result was achieved with a reduced dose for 12 mgHCA.L-1. The turbidity standard for water was obtained by direct filtration when the dose exceeds 25 mg L-1 of HCA. With pre-oxidation step there is the possibility of reducing the dose to 20 mg L-1.The addition of CAP adsorption, promoted drinking water for both parameters, with even lower dosage, 13 mg L-1 of HCA. With coagulation using SA removal required for the parameter of apparent color it was achieved with pre-oxidation and 22 mgSA.L-1. Despite the satisfactory results of treatment with the alum, it was not possible to provide water with turbidity less than 1.00 NTU even with the use of all stages of treatment
A eutrofiza??o ? um processo cada vez mais presente nos mananciais situados no nordeste brasileiro. Entre as principais conseq??ncias destas altera??es nos n?veis tr?ficos da ?gua de um manancial destaca-se o acr?scimo de complexidade ao tratamento para potabiliza??o. Mediante a estas considera??es, este trabalho teve como objetivo definir, em escala de laborat?rio, produtos e condi??es operacionais a serem empregadas em etapas de tratamento utilizando ?gua bruta do a?ude Gargalheira, RN, Brasil. O a?ude em quest?o demonstra um n?mero de cianobact?rias elevado, apresentando uma concentra??o de c?lulas/ml superior aos n?veis estabelecidos pela Portaria MS n? 518/04. O mesmo, ainda foi considerado pelo ?rg?o ambiental do estado no ano de 2009 como hipereutr?fico. Os ensaios est?ticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho simularam filtra??o direta (filtros de laborat?rio), pr?oxida??o com cloro e adsor??o por carv?o ativado pulverizado. Foram avaliados os coagulantes hidr?xicloreto de alum?nio (HCA) e sulfato de alum?nio granulado (SA). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa buscou otimiza??o das condi??es de mistura r?pida, das dosagens de coagulantes e pHs de coagula??o com a constru??o de diagramas. As interfer?ncias da taxa de filtra??o e a granulometria do meio filtrante foram avaliadas e testaram-se dosagens e tempos de contato com cloro e com o carv?o ativado. Com os resultados da caracteriza??o da ?gua bruta foi poss?vel identificar no manancial a presen?a de um pH elevado (7,34). A cor verdadeira foi significativa (29 uH) em rela??o ? cor aparente e turbidez (66 uH e 13,60 uNT), refletindo-se nas medidas de mat?ria org?nica: MON (8,41 mg.L-1) e Abs254 (0,065 cm-1). A otimiza??o da mistura r?pida definiu o tempo de 17 , gradiente de velocidade de 700 s-1 na coagula??o com HCA e tempo de 20 , gradiente de velocidade de 800 s-1 para o SA. Granulometrias menores da areia do meio filtrante favoreceram o tratamento e a varia??o na taxa de filtra??o n?o interferiu de forma significativa na efici?ncia do processo. A avalia??o das etapas de tratamento verificou a adequa??o aos padr?es de cor aparente e turbidez da Portaria MS 518/2004 tomando como base os valores m?dios encontrados na ?gua bruta. No tratamento utilizando o HCA por filtra??o direta, a potabilidade para a cor aparente pode ser atingida com uma dosagem de 25 mg.L-1. Adicionando a etapa de pr?oxida??o o padr?o foi atingido com dosagem reduzida para 12 mgHCA.L-1. Para a turbidez a potabilidade foi obtida na filtra??o direta quando a dosagem supera 25 mg.L-1 de HCA. Com etapa de pr?oxida??o h? a possibilidade de redu??o da dosagem para 20 mg.L-1 de coagulante. O acr?scimo da adsor??o em CAP, promoveu a potabilidade para os dois par?metros, com dosagem ainda menor, 13 mg.L-1 de HCA. Coagulando com SA a remo??o necess?ria para o par?metro de cor aparente foi atingida com pr?oxida??o e dosagem de 22 mgSA.L-1. Apesar de apresentar bons resultados o tratamento com o sulfato de alum?nio n?o foi capaz de fornecer ?gua com turbidez menor que 1,00 uNT mesmo com a utiliza??o de todas as etapas de tratamento
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DE, CARVALHO CARNEIRO ANA CANDIDA. "DRAMMATURGIE DEL POSTDRAMMATICO: TEORIE E TECNICHE DEL TESTO TEATRALE FRA GLI ULTIMI DECENNI DEL NOVENCENTO E IL PRIMO DUEMILA." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6176.
Full textAbstract:
L'ultimo scorcio del XX secolo ha segnato un radicale cambiamento nelle modalità di creazione teatrale, diventata sempre più performativa, incentrata sul hic et nunc dell'evento scenico piuttosto che sulla messinscena fedele di un impianto testuale precostituito. Alcuni teorici hanno cercato di stabilire un nuovo vocabolario critico per approcciare i nuovi fenomeni, in particolare Hans-Thies Lehmann, che ha proposto un nuovo paradigma estetico detto postdrammatico. Nella mappatura delineata dallo studioso tedesco predomina l’interesse per la scena, poiché prende in esame il testo in modo soltanto marginale. Il presente studio aspira a dare un contributo al riempimento di questa lacuna. Dopo di tracciare le radici della svolta performativa a cominciare da Artaud, passiamo in rassegna le principali teorie novecentesche sul testo teatrale mettendo a fuoco la natura dei mutamenti avvenuti nella loro composizione. Lanciamo quindi la proposta di un vocabolario e procedimento analitico per approcciare le recenti creazioni degli autori teatrali non più inseribili nel territorio drammatico. Accogliamo il concetto di movimento in sostituzione della tradizionale azione drammatica, quello di frammento al posto della scena, ed esaminiamo le nuove modalità di personaggio fino ad arrivare alla presenza, identificando nel montaggio la tecnica compositiva per eccellenza dell’era postdrammatica. Infine, a seguito dell’analisi di quattro testi – La Domanda d’impiego di Michel Vinaver, Far Away di Caryl Churchill, Scissors, Paper, Rock di Daniel Keene e In, on, it di Daniel MacIvor – arriviamo tra altre cose alla conclusione che il testo teatrale contemporaneo ha una natura ibrida, in cui il drammatico è spesso il materiale per il trattamento postdrammatico.The last part of the 20th Century marked a radical change in the modalities of theatre-making, which became more and more performative, centered on the here and now of the event, rather than on the faithful staging of a pre-constituted text. Some theorists have tried to establish a new critical vocabulary with which to approach the new phenomena, in particular Hans-Thies Lehmann, who proposed a new aesthetic paradigm of the post-dramatic. In this world, as charted by Lehmann, the interest is predominantly in the scene, while the text is addressed only marginally. This study aims to fill that gap. After tracing the roots of the performative change starting with Artaud, it reviews the principal 20th Century theories on the theatre text, focusing on the variations in their composition. It then proposes a vocabulary and analytical process with which to approach recent works by theatre writers which do not easily fit into the dramatic landscape. This study adopts the concept of movement in place of traditional dramatic action, of fragment in place of scene, and examines new modalities of character, to arrive at presence, identifying montage as the compositive technique par excellence of the post-dramatic era. Finally, through analysis of four texts – The Job Interview by Michael Vinaver, Far Away by Caryl Churchill, Scissors, Paper, Rock by Daniel Keene and In, on, it by Daniel MacIvor – it arrives at the conclusion that the contemporary theatre text has a hybrid nature, in which the dramatic is often the raw material for the post-dramatic process.