Academic literature on the topic 'Guiding lines of force'
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Journal articles on the topic "Guiding lines of force"
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De Boeck, Joan, Lode Vanacken, Sofie Notelaers, and Karin Coninx. "Improved Haptic Linear Lines for Better Movement Accuracy in Upper Limb Rehabilitation." Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/162868.
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Force feedback has proven to be beneficial in the domain of robot-assisted rehabilitation. According to the patients' personal needs, the generated forces may either be used to assist, support, or oppose their movements. In our current research project, we focus onto the upper limb training for MS (multiple sclerosis) and CVA (cerebrovascular accident) patients, in which a basic building block to implement many rehabilitation exercises was found. This building block is a haptic linear path: a second-order continuous path, defined by a list of points in space. Earlier, different attempts have been investigated to realize haptic linear paths. In order to have a good training quality, it is important that the haptic simulation is continuous up to the second derivative while the patient is enforced to follow the path tightly, even when low or no guiding forces are provided. In this paper, we describe our best solution to these haptic linear paths, discuss the weaknesses found in practice, and propose and validate an improvement.
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Fei, Bixiao. "Analytical Solution of Electromagnetic Force Lines in Rectangular Wave Guides for Transverse Electric Waves." Applied and Computational Engineering 105, no. 1 (2024): 110–16. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2024.tj17855.
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The analytical solution of the electromagnetic field lines was derived, providing a foundation for generalizing conclusions and forming a coherent set of equations to describe the dynamics of electromagnetic waves. By applying Maxwell's equations, this paper analyzed the rectangular waveguide model, focusing on the guiding effect of the passive region on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Additionally, the Helmholtz equation was used to describe the behavior of electromagnetic fields within the passive guided wave system. Through the analytical solution of the field lines, the distribution of electromagnetic forces could be determined through integration calculations. To enhance the understanding of these concepts, this paper utilized Python programming to simulate electromagnetic force lines, providing a visual representation of the discussed theories. This simulation not only deepened the understanding of electromagnetic principles but also demonstrated their importance in practical applications, contributing to the field of electromagnetism research. The results of the study emphasize the significance of analytical solutions in understanding electromagnetic phenomena and provide valuable insights for future research in related fields.
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Wu, Zhi Qiang, Yong Li Hu, and Yan Ping Lei. "Analysis of the Frame Structure’s Force due to Subway Excavation with Different Horizontal Distance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1437.
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With large-scale construction of subway lines, the influence of subway excavation to the frame structure has been an common problem to be solved. Finite element software was used to create three-dimensional model of the subway with different horizontal distance to the frame structure, and variation of frame structure’s bending moment, axial force, shearing force caused by subway excavation is obtained to analyze. The results will enable engineering staff to have a more comprehensive understanding on this issue, and provide guiding significance for solving similar engineering problems to some extent.
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Andri, Petrushevski, and Us Victoriia. "Computer Algorithm for Creation Classic Mosaic Fillings Based on the Vector Guide Lines." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 834–39. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C5279.029320.
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The article suggests algorithms for filling mosaic surfaces. Today, there are a number of algorithms that use the software design environment to automate the creation of images that correspond to mosaic compositions based on raster images. However, they do not allow realizing the principles of the classical construction of mosaic works, which guide professional mosaics. In this case, the main task is the problem of optimizing the filling of space from a mathematical point of view. From the point of view of the artist, this is not the main problem, moreover, the distance between the parts of the mosaic can vary, act as an artistic element. Much more important is the organization of the structure of the mosaic surface. This article is dedicated to this problem. The sequence of actions is given - algorithms that allow the artist to achieve the desired effect and gain full control when filling mosaic surfaces. These algorithms allow you to create mosaic fillings based on linear patterns without color and tonal design, which is impossible for existing algorithms. The authors proposed the construction of the topology of classical mosaics using vector guides. When forming the algorithm, vector guide lines or “power lines” are taken as a basis, on which mosaic elements (tesserae) are subsequently placed. Variants of using existing algorithms at each stage of the solution of the problem are proposed. Algorithms and results of filling a mosaic panel with a line-by-line and equidistant method are presented. This technology will allow not only creating mosaic surfaces, but also using it as a tool for creating real art projects for implementation in design and art. The possibility of using existing technologies in this technique is commented.
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VEKSTEIN, G. E., N. A. BOBROVA, and S. V. BULANOV. "On the motion of charged particles in a sheared force-free magnetic field." Journal of Plasma Physics 67, no. 2-3 (2002): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377801001520.
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This paper considers single-particle trajectories in a planar sheared force-free magnetic field. A specific feature of this magnetic configuration is the absence of both gradient and curvature magnetic drifts, as well as a diamagnetic force along field lines. Therefore, in the framework of the drift approximation, the motion of the particle guiding centre does not feel the magnetic field's non-uniformity. Here we discuss how the latter affects actual particle trajectories, making them quite different from simple circular gyromotion even when the Larmor radius is small. It is also shown how magnetic confinement ceases to work when the Larmor radius becomes comparable to the spatial scale of the field variation.
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Schmidt, Tim. "The Expression of Silence in Franz Schubert’s «Mein Traum»." Studia austriaca 32 (June 24, 2024): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/1593-2508/23735.
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Silence is commonly understood as a void – in this sense, there is no silence. The figure of thought – silence, calibrates meaning within relationships. I argue that the meaning of several writings in Franz Schubert’s diary has a much larger impact than is commonly understood to this day. Specific tones and ‘beep’ sequences evoke emotions and a deep layer of melancholy, all of which serve as the guiding force in Schubert’s music. In contrast, silence – the moment in which meaning becomes elusive – impoverishes that moment within the lines of the diary note Mein Traum.
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Zhang, Zhijin, Xinhan Qiao, Shenghuan Yang, and Xingliang Jiang. "Non-Uniform Distribution of Contamination on Composite Insulators in HVDC Transmission Lines." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 1962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101962.
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In recent years, the air particulate pollutants formed by the combustion of fossil fuels and the emission of industrial waste gases have constantly been produced, and the polluted particles deposit also seriously affects social production and people’s lives. For instance, pollution-induced flashover is seriously threatening the safe operation of the power system, while insulator pollution non-uniformity has great influence on the flashover voltage of insulators. Therefore, in this paper both field contamination experiments of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) transmission lines and wind tunnel contamination simulation tests were conducted, and pollution non-uniformity coefficient KT/B, KW/L and KH/M were proposed and obtained. The results showed that the degree of contamination on top surface and leeward side is heavier than that on bottom surface and windward side. Thus, in the DC energized condition, contamination along the string is also non-uniform, and serious pollution occurs mainly in the high voltage terminal. In order to explain the uneven distribution phenomenon along the string, the coupling-physics model of composite insulator string was established and using the finite element method, the electric field around the insulator was simulated. Furthermore, basing on the field charging theory, the value of electric field force on particles around the insulator surface was calculated and the mechanism of non-uniformity along the insulator sting was then explained. The results are very important for guiding insulation design and field anti-pollution works.
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Danowski, B. A. "Fibroblast contractility and actin organization are stimulated by microtubule inhibitors." Journal of Cell Science 93, no. 2 (1989): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.93.2.255.
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Despite considerable evidence that cytoplasmic microtubules play some role in guiding or controlling the locomotion of tissue cells, the nature of this control is not understood. In particular, little is known about the role of microtubules in the exertion of propulsive ‘traction’ forces, or about microtubule effects on the organization of the cytoplasmic actin stress fibers. In this study, the silicone rubber substratum technique was used in combination with fluorescence microscopy in order to observe the effects of microtubule-depolymerizing drugs on the contractile strength and organization of cytoplasmic actin networks. Perfusion with a variety of microtubule poisons (either colcemid, nocodazole or vinblastine) was found to cause a rapid and substantial strengthening of fibroblast contractility. This was demonstrated in two established fibroblast cell lines, as well as in primary cultures of rat gingival fibroblasts and embryonic chick heart fibroblasts. Treatment with the drug taxol, which promotes microtubule assembly, was found to prevent the strengthening effects of the microtubule inhibitors. It was also found that the disruption of actin stress fibers by the phorbol ester tumor promoter, TPA, is reversed by microtubule poisons: stress fibers reform within 30 min of the addition of the microtubule drugs, despite the continued presence and activity of the TPA. Several possible mechanisms are considered, including the idea that microtubule assembly normally exerts a pushing force, which counterbalances part of the contractile force exerted by the actin stress fibers. However, the mechanism that seems best to account for the observations is that microtubules modulate, in an inhibitory fashion, the contractility and the state of organization of cytoplasmic actin.
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Shilov, Vladimir Kuz'mich, Aleksandr Nikolaevich Filatov, and Aleksandr Evgen'evich Novozhilov. "Focusing Properties of a Modified Retarding Structure for Linear Electron Accelerators." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 2 (2017): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp741-747.
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When using accelerators in industry and medicine, important are the dimensions of the device used, especially the radial ones. In the linear electron accelerators based on a biperiodic retarding structure, which operates in the standing wave mode, there is a possibility to provide focusing of the accelerated particles with the help of high-frequency fields without the use of external focusing elements. In the accelerating cell, due to the presence of the far protruding drift sleeves, the electric field lines become strongly curved, which leads to the appearance in the regions adjacent to these sleeves of a substantial in magnitude radial component of the electric field. The particles entering the accelerating gap experience the action of a force directed toward the axis of the system, and at the exit, of a force directed away from the axis. Under certain conditions, alternation of the focusing and defocusing fields can lead to a general focusing effect. In the paper we study the focusing properties of a modified biperiodic structure with standing wave. The main attention is paid to the possibility of using the focusing properties of the electromagnetic accelerating field for guiding the electron beam through the aperture of the accelerating system, which will lead to a significant reduction in the accelerator sizes. The proposed method can be applied in the calculation and design of linear electron accelerators.
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Vladimir, Kuz'michShilov, Nikolaevich Filatov Aleksandr, and Evgen'evich Novozhilov Aleksandr. "Focusing Properties of a Modified Retarding Structure for Linear Electron Accelerators." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 2 (2017): 741–47. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp741-747.
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When using accelerators in industry and medicine, important are the dimensions of the device used, especially the radial ones. In the linear electron accelerators based on a biperiodic retarding structure, which operates in the standing wave mode, there is a possibility to provide focusing of the accelerated particles with the help of high-frequency fields without the use of external focusing elements. In the accelerating cell, due to the presence of the far protruding drift sleeves, the electric field lines become strongly curved, which leads to the appearance in the regions adjacent to these sleeves of a substantial in magnitude radial component of the electric field. The particles entering the accelerating gap experience the action of a force directed toward the axis of the system, and at the exit, of a force directed away from the axis. Under certain conditions, alternation of the focusing and defocusing fields can lead to a general focusing effect.In the paper we study the focusing properties of a modified biperiodic structure with standing wave. The main attention is paid to the possibility of using the focusing properties of the electromagnetic accelerating field for guiding the electron beam through the aperture of the accelerating system, which will lead to a significant reduction in the accelerator sizes. The proposed method can be applied in the calculation and design of linear electron accelerators.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Guiding lines of force"
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Oliveira, Raphael Pereira de. "Understanding And Guiding Software Product Lines Evolution Based On Requirements Engineering Activities." Instituto de Matemática, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/22846.
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2015_Thesis_Final_v01.pdf: 25381943 bytes, checksum: cf9b5a7ab05c5f433c6abe06c7c8815e (MD5)<br>Software Product Line (SPL) has emerged as an important strategy to cope with the increasing demand of large-scale products customization. SPL has provided companies with an efficient and effective means of delivering products with higher quality at a lower cost, when compared to traditional software engineering strategies. However, such benefits do not come for free.
There is a necessity in SPL to deal with the evolution of its assets to support changes within the environment and user needs. These changes in SPL are firstly represented by requirements. Thus, SPL should manage the commonality and variability of products by means of a “Requirements Engineering (RE) - change management” process. Hence, besides dealing with the reuse and evolution of requirements in an SPL, the RE for SPL also needs an approach to represent explicitly the commonality and variability information (e.g., through feature models and use cases).
To understand the evolution in SPL, this Thesis presents two empirical studies within industrial SPL projects and a systematic mapping study on SPL evolution. The two empirical studies evaluated Lehman’s laws of software evolution in two industrial SPL projects,demonstrating that most of the laws are supported by SPL environments. The systematic mapping study on SPL evolution identified approaches in the area and revealed gaps for researching, such as, that most of the proposed approaches perform the evolution of SPL requirements in an ad-hoc way and were evaluated through feasibility studies.
These results led to systematize, through guidelines, the SPL processes by starting with the SPL requirements. Thus, it was proposed an approach to specify SPL requirements called Feature-Driven Requirements Engineering (FeDRE). FeDRE specifies SPL requirements in a systematic way driven by a feature model. To deal with the evolution of FeDRE requirements, a new approach called Feature-Driven Requirements Engineering Evolution (FeDRE2) was presented. FeDRE2 is responsible for guiding, in a systematic way, the SPL evolution based on activities from RE.
Both proposed approaches, FeDRE and and FeDRE2, were evaluated and the results, besides being preliminaries, shown that the approaches were perceived as easy to use and also useful, coping with the improvement and systematization of SPL processes.
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Couch, Marshall. "Effects of Curved Lines on Force-Directed Graphs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/64.
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The most common methods for simplifying force-directed graphs are edge-bundling and edge routing. Both of these methods can be done with curved, rather than straight, lines which some researchers have argued. Curved lines have been offered as a solution for clarifying edge resolution. Curved lines were originally thought to be more aesthetically pleasing. 32 computer science students were surveyed and asked questions about straight and curved line graphs. Research conducted by Xu et al. and this study suggests that curved lines make a graph more difficult to understand and slower to read. Research also suggests that curved lines are no more aesthetically pleasing than straight lines. Situations may exist where curved lines are beneficial to a graph’s readability, but it is unclear due to uncontrolled variables in this study. Further study could reveal circumstances when curved lines would be beneficial.
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Behnke, Ulf Erich. "Dynamische Spannungsmessungen an Submikrometerleitungen mittels der elektrischen Kraftmikroskopie - Dynamic voltage measurements on Submicrometer conducting lines by means of the electric force microscopy." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2003. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-02012003-145358/.
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The capability of todays electronics bases on the use of integrated circuits, which contain millions of electronic structures. The trend towards decreasing structure width and increasing working frequencies of the integrated circuits produces a demand for special test techniques for function and failure analysis of new developed integrated circuits. The electric force microscopy (EFM) is a promising new test technique for contact-less, chip-internal voltage measurements with simultaneous high temporal and high spatial resolution. In this thesis the behaviour of the EFM measurement signal is investigated regarding dynamic voltage measurements on parallel sub-micrometer conducting lines. Therefore, the influence of the structure width, the probe geometry and of cross-talk on the measurement signal is analysed by means of measurements, calculations and simulations. Furthermore, a broad overview about the properties and possibilities of different EFM-measurement set-ups is given and the suitability of the so called "heterodyne mixing technique" for the measurement of periodic digital voltage is investigated.
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Stano, Pavol. "FTC řízení průmyslových robotů a jeho aplikace v oblasti přímého navádění robotu v prostoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229177.
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Diploma thesis deals with an application of Force-Torque control in connection with industrial robot for direct guiding in space. It contains a summary of different kinds of FT control and various conceptions of robot-sensor connection and a description of Schunk FTC-50. The practical part is focused on the problem of setting-up the communication and setting-up of all devices used in this work, robot movement control to a desired position and compensation of forces and torques in relation to direct guiding in space.
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Satteson, Doug. "From The Ground Up." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212003-130234/.
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Komati, Bilal. "Automated microassembly using an active microgripper with sensorized end-effectors and hybrid force / position control." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2066/document.
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La thèse propose l’utilisation d’une pince active instrumentée en force pour automatiser l’assemblage des MOEMS 3D hybrides. Chacun des doigts de la pince instrumentée est composé d’un actionneur piézo-électrique et d’un capteur de force piézorésistif intégré. Le capteur de force intégré présente des performances innovantes par rapport aux capteurs existants dans l’ état de l’art. Cette pince offre la possibilité de mesurer les forces de serrage appliquées par la pince pour saisir un micro composant et d’estimer les forces de contact entre le micro composant et le substrat de micro-assemblage.Un modèle dynamique et non linéaire est développé pour la pince instrumentée. Une commande hybride force/position est utilisée pour automatiser le micro-assemblage. Dans cette commande, certains axes sont commandés en position et les autres sont commandés en force. Pour les axes commandés en force, une nouvelle commande fondée sur une commande en impédance avec suivi de référence est proposée selon un principe de commande non linéaire par mode glissant avec estimation des paramétres en lignes. En utilisant le schéma de commande hybride force/position proposé, une automatisation de toutes les tâches de micro-assemblage est réalisée avec succès, notamment sur un composant flexible à guider dans un rail<br>This work proposes the use of an active microgripper with sensorized end-effectors for the automationof the microassembly of 3D hybrid MOEMS. Each of the two fingers of the microgripper is composedof a piezoelectric actuator with an integrated piezoresistive force sensor. The integrated force sensorpresents innovative performances compared to the existing force sensors in literature. The forcesensors provide the ability to measure the gripping forces applied by the microgripper to grasp a microcomponentand estimated the contact forces between the microcomponent and the substrate ofmicroassembly. A dynamic nonlinear model of the microgripper is developed. A hybrid force/positioncontrol is used for the automation of the microassembly. In the hybrid force/position control formulation,some axes are controlled in position and others are controlled in force. For the force controlledaxes, a new nonlinear force control scheme based on force tracking sliding mode impedance controlis proposed with parameter estimation. Using the proposed hybrid force/position control scheme, fullautomation of the microassembly is performed, notably for the guiding of a flexible component in arail
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Andrade, Leo Agapejev de. "Lugares incertos: os andarilhos de Samuel Rawet." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8158/tde-25062013-100444/.
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A escrita de Samuel Rawet é formada por peculiaridades que demandam um leitor atento e crítico quanto à forma de abordagem e interpretação do texto, de maneira que suas linhas de força (Waldman, 2004) sejam entrevistas como potencialidades de sentidos. O lugar-comum rawetiano, conceito inevitavelmente impreciso formulado a partir dos contos analisados, mostra ser uma forma de abordagem frutífera e coerente ao texto rawetiano em geral, ao privilegiar elementos textuais e se juntar a outras abordagens à obra de Rawet, trazendo questões como identidade, alteridade, literatura judaica e autoria, dentre outras. Como pontos de partida problematizantes são tomados a figura de Ahasverus em Crônica de um vagabundo, a estrutura aberta e a metalinguagem em Kelevim, o conto dentro do conto em Reinvenção de Lázaro, e o sonho em Sôbolos rios que vão. Algumas dessas questões permeiam mais de um dos contos, como a autoria (Crônica..., Sobolos..., Kelevim). A estrutura aberta de Kelevim, por sua vez, permite análises comparativas com o ensaio-crônica Diário de um candango, sobre o livro de memórias de Marques da Silva, que leva o mesmo título. Ao final, as linhas de força são seguidas ainda mais longe, e arrisca-se uma rápida aproximação com as artes plásticas que conclui este trabalho com uma abertura que atesta a riqueza e validade da obra de Rawet.<br>The writing of Samuel Rawet consists of peculiarities that demand a careful and critical reader who could approach to and interpretate his writings, in order to realize its \"lines of force\" (Waldman, 2004) as potential paths of meanings. The rawetian commonplace, inevitably imprecise concept formulated from the short stories analyzed, shows a fruitful and coherent approach to rawetian text, privileging the textual elements and joinning to the other approaches to Rawets work, bringing up issues like identity, otherness, Jewish literature and authorship, among others. As controversial themes, I focus on Ahasverus in \"Chronicle of a tramp\", the open structure and metalanguage in \"Kelevim\", the story within the story on \"Reinvention of Lazarus,\" and dream on \"Over the flowing rivers\". Some of these issues goes along more than one story, such as authorship (\"Chronicle\", Over...\",\"Kelevim\"). The open structure of \"Kelevim\", on the other hand, allows comparative analyzes with the chronicle-essay \"Diary of a candango\", about the same-titled memoirs of Marques da Silva. Finally, the lines of foces are followed even further, and I dare a quick approximation to the visual arts that ends this thesis with an aperture that attests the wealthy and valuable works by Rawet.
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Rocha, Cinthia Cristina Morais. "Atenuação de cargas estáticas em modelo reduzido de linha de ancoragem de sistema offshore." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/109160.
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O desenvolvimento de pesquisas relativas ao comportamento das estruturas offshore são de fundamental importância para as atividades de exploração de petróleo a fim de permitir uma análise mais precisa do desempenho do sistema de ancoragem. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o comportamento das linhas de ancoragem submetidas a esforços de tração bem como avaliar e quantificar a atenuação das cargas ao longo do trecho enterrado determinando assim as forças que efetivamente chegam à estaca torpedo. Inicialmente foram projetados e construídos os equipamentos, em modelo reduzido, para a realização dos ensaios experimentais de carregamento estático conduzidos na escala de 1:40. As argilas empregadas nos ensaios foram produzidas em laboratório com o objetivo de obter um solo com propriedades físicas similares à da argila típica do leito marinho, a partir da mistura caulim, bentonita e água, sendo definida a composição em massa seca de 85% de caulim, 15% de bentonita e teores de 100% de umidade para a mistura denominada como argila A, e 120% de umidade para a mistura referida como argila B. Após a caracterização geotécnica concluiu-se que a argila B se assemelha às condições de campo. A força que chega ao ponto de ancoragem, equivalente ao que seria o ponto de fixação da amarra ao torpedo, foi medida experimentalmente através de uma célula de carga para duas componentes (vertical e horizontal) instalada no piso do tanque. A catenária invertida formada pela amarra foi registrada em alguns pontos não visíveis através de um sensor por ultrassom. O carregamento da linha de ancoragem foi produzido para diferentes ângulos de incidência, em ciclos de carga e descarga. Os resultados mostram que, mesmo em uma abordagem estática, flutuações de carga na linha de ancoragem não são inteiramente transmitidas ao ponto de ancoragem (torpedo), sendo parcialmente absorvidas ao longo do trecho enterrado da amarra. A atenuação de carga na argila A foi de 24%, enquanto que a atenuação apresentada na argila B variou entre 14 %, 6% e tendendo a 0 nos ensaios realizados respectivamente nas alturas de solo de 72 cm, 48 cm e 24 cm. Verificou-se também que a qualidade dos critérios de similaridade inicialmente adotados foi satisfatória.<br>The research development on the behavior of offshore structures is fundamentaly important for the exploration of oil in order to allow a more precise analysis of the performance of offshore mooring systems. In this sense, the present work aims to analyze the behavior of embedded mooring lines subjected to tensile stresses and to evaluate and quantify the attenuation of loads along the stretch buried thus determining the forces that effectively reach the torpedo pile. Initially, the equipment were designed and built, in a reduced model, so the experimental tests of conducted static load on the scale of 1:40 could be conducted. The clays used in the tests were produced in the laboratory in order to obtain a soil with similar physical properties to the typical clay seabed, from mixing kaolin, bentonite and water, the composition being set on dry matter of 85% kaolin 15% bentonite content and 100% humidity for mixing clay called as A, and 120% humidity for mixing said clay as B. After geotechnical characterization, it was found that the clay B is similar to field conditions. The force that reaches the anchor point, equivalent to what would be the point of attachment of mooring the torpedo, was experimentally measured by a load cell for two components (vertical and horizontal) installed on the floor of the tank. The reverse catenary formed by the embedded mooring line was recorded in some not visible spots through an ultrasound sensor. The load of the anchor line has been produced for different incidence angles, in loading and unloading cycles. The results show that, even in a static approach, load fluctuations in the anchor line are not fully transmitted to the anchor point (torpedo). Partially absorbed along the stretch of mooring buried. The attenuation of the load on the clay A was 24%, while the attenuation shown in clay B ranged from 14%, 6% and approaches 0 in the tests performed respectively on the ground heights of 72 cm, 48 cm and 24 cm. It was also found that the quality of similarity criteria adopted initially was satisfactory.
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Silva, Elton Cesar da. "Efeitos da geometria toroidal na atuação de campos helicoidais ressonantes em Tokamaks." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-09102012-151302/.
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Neste trabalho, consideramos os efeitos de um campo magnético ressonante externo sobre o plasma confinado em um tokamak. Este campo magnético pode ser produzido quer por condutores helicoidais ou por um limitador magnético caótico. O principal propósito desse campo magnético ressonante é criar uma região de linhas de força caóticas na borda da coluna de plasma que pode melhorar o confinamento do plasma. O campo magnético de equilíbrio foi obtido resolvendo-se a equação de GRAD-SHAFRANOV em um sistema de coordenadas intrinsecamente toroidal (as coordenadas polares toroidais). Obtivemos o campo magnético, gerado pelos condutores helicoidais, através da solução explícita da equação de LAPLACE no mesmo sistema de coordenadas. A partir desse campo magnético, tomando o termo de mais baixa ordem, obtivemos analiticamente um mapa estroboscópico simplético para um conjunto de anéis limitadores magnéticos caóticos. Calculamos esse mapa estroboscópico simplético usando uma formulação hamiltoniana e adotando a. ação dos limitadores magnéticos caóticos como uma sequência de pulsos do tipo função delta. Com esse mapa estroboscópico simplético, caracterizamos algumas ilhas magnéticas ressonantes e a transição para um regime de caos global através da superposição das mesmas. Usamos esse mapa estroboscópico simplético para estudar o transporte das linhas de força na borda da coluna de plasma. A perda de linhas de força caóticas, que atingem a parede interna do tokamak, segue uma distribuição de POISSON. Calculamos, ainda, o número médio de voltas, ao redor da câmara de vácuo, necessárias para que uma linha de força caótica atinja a parede da câmara.<br>In this work, we have considered the effects of an external resonant magnetic field on the plasma confined in a tokamak. This resonant field can be produced by helical windings or by a chaotic magnetic limiter. The main purpose of this resonant magnetic field is to create a region of chaotic field lines at the edge of the plasma that can improve the confinement of the plasma. The equilibrium tokamak field was obtained by solving the GRAD-SHAFRANOV equation in an intrinsically toroidal coordinate system (the toroidal polar coordinates). We have obtained the magnetic field which has been generated by helical windings through an explicit solution of the LAPCACE equation in the same coordinate system. From this magnetic field, taken in its lowest order, we have analytically obtained a sympletic stroboscopic map for a set of chaotic magnetic limiters. We have calculated this sympletic stroboscopic map by using a Hamiltonian formulation and by supposing the action of the chaotic magnetic limiters as a sequence of delta-function pulses. With this sympletic stroboscopic map we have characterized some resonant magnetic islands and the onset of global chaos through their overlap. We have used this sympletic stroboscopic map in order to study the transport of the field lines at the edge of the plasma. The loss of chaotic field lines that reach the inner wall of the tokamak follows a POISSON distribution. We have also calculated the average number of toroidal turns for a chaotic field line to reach the inner wall of the tokamak.
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Maluleke, Tiyeselani Clara. "The relationship between poverty and inflation in Sharpeville / Tiyeselani Clara Maluleke." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10303.
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All over the world, the level of poverty is increasing. In South Africa it is mainly concentrated in rural areas and differs significantly from whether considering race, sex, provinces or community areas. This dissertation studies the relationship between poverty and inflation in Sharpeville by determining the impact of rising prices on the poor households in Sharpeville. The study focuses on three areas, namely the theoretical background of poverty and inflation, the impact of rising prices in expenditure patterns and the relationship
to poverty. There are different approaches in defining poverty. Poverty can either be
absolute or relative. For the purpose of this study, poverty is defined as absolute. Thus the study defines individuals as poor due to their inability to attain a minimum material standard of living. This minimal standard of living is normally referred to as the poverty line. Inflation may be defined in different ways. For the purpose of this dissertation, inflation is defined as the rise in the general price levels over a specific period of time. Changes in expenditure patterns are caused by an increase in inflation. This study uses the regression model to determine the impact of inflation on poverty in Sharpeville. According to the macroeconomic theory’s implication, the same level of inflation on the same basket of commodities has a different level of effect on each household. Accordingly, in this study, all households are
assumed to be faced with the same inflation rate. Household size is positively related to poverty gap squared. This means that the more members there were in a household in Sharpeville the poorer they were. Households with the highest number of members were poorer than those with few members. Statistically, the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between household size and poverty gap is rejected, even at the 1% level of significance. EXPINFL is negatively related to poverty gap. The correlation matrix confirms the results in the regression analysis. The correlation coefficient between The relationship between poverty and inflation in Sharpeville Page EXPINFL and PGAP is -0.34467. Although it is relatively weak, the fact that there is a negative correlation confirms that inflation negatively affects poverty. Finally, the study recommends that government provides more job opportunities for the individuals without any source of income in Sharpeville. The government could also provide business funding to the unemployed individuals to enable them to start their own businesses. This would enable those individuals to create additional employment. In addition, measures should be introduced to determine the effect of inflation on those households who are not employed (that is, not receiving any form of income, not even through any form of grant), but do benefit from some form of feeding scheme administered by either government or non-profit organisations.<br>MCom, Economics, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
Books on the topic "Guiding lines of force"
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Underground, Maryland Task Force to Study Moving Overhead Utility Lines. Task Force to Study Moving Overhead Utility Lines Underground. Dept. of Legislative Services, Office of Policy Analysis, 2003.
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Cracken, L. William. Between the lines: Reflections on war and peacetime. Taylor Publ. Co., 1998.
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Press, Karen. Bird heart stoning the sea ; Krotoa's story ; Lines of force : a small murder mystery. Buchu Books, 1990.
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Dale, Blooodgood V., and Langley Research Center, eds. A comparison of analytical and experimental data for a magnetic actuator. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2000.
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Groom, Nelson J. A comparison of analytical and experimental data for a magnetic actuator. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2000.
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Twentieth Century Fund. Task Force on the Military and the Media., ed. Battle lines: Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on the Military and the Media. Priority Press Publications, 1985.
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International Economic Conference (1995 Bratislava, Slovak Republic). Slovakia within the lines of force of Europe and the world at the threshold of the third millenium. [s.n.], 1995.
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Roberts, E. M. A flying fighter: An American above the lines in France. Greenhill, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Guiding lines of force"
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Warnken, Nadine, and Lena Zentner. "Compliant Constant Force Guiding Mechanism." In Mechanisms and Machine Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83357-1_2.
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Priest, E. R. "Reconnection of Magnetic Lines of Force." In Solar and Astrophysical Magnetohydrodynamic Flows. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0265-7_8.
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Smith, Gordon B. "The CPSU: The Guiding Force in Soviet Society." In Soviet Politics. Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19172-7_4.
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Guevara-García, Alfredo, Paul W. Ayers, Samantha Jenkins, Steven R. Kirk, Eleonora Echegaray, and Alejandro Toro-Labbe. "Electronic Stress as a Guiding Force for Chemical Bonding." In Electronic Effects in Organic Chemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2011_193.
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Petrović-Lotina, Goran. "Tension: A Guiding Force in Performance, Philosophy, and Politics." In Choreographing Agonism. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79446-0_6.
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Belzner, Fabian, Carsten Thorenz, and Mario Oertel. "A Modernized Safety Concept for Ship Force Evaluations During Lock Filling Processes." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_24.
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AbstractA ship in a lock chamber is exposed to forces acting on the hull during the filling and emptying processes. These forces accelerate the ship and lead to a displacement. To avoid a collision of the ship with the lock structure, it is moored with mooring lines, which can be strained up to a certain breaking load. The force acting in the mooring lines is called the mooring line force and must be distinguished from the ship force. If the mooring line force exceeds the breaking load, the mooring line will fail and the tension energy will abruptly be transformed into kinetic energy. A snap-back of the mooring line ends can produce great forces and the mooring staff is at risk for major injuries. Furthermore, the ship will start to move and could damage the structure and itself. Thus, the mooring line force must be limited during the locking process. The mooring line force depends on the ship force and, furthermore, on the properties of ship and mooring lines. Due to the number of possible parameter combinations the given ship force alone might not be sufficient to judge on the mooring line safety. In this paper a statistical approach to determine the relations between mooring line configuration, mooring line forces and ship force based on Monte Carlo simulations is shown.
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Rechnitzer, Tanja. "Precautionary Principles." In Applying Reflective Equilibrium. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04333-8_4.
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AbstractThis chapter introduces the main idea and motivation behind precautionary principles (PPs) and gives an overview of different PP interpretations according to their functions: action-guiding, epistemic, procedural, and integrated interpretations are distinguished. The chapter then describes the main lines of arguments that have been presented in favor of PPs before presenting the most important objections that PPs face, along with possible rejoinders.
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Dollinger, Christiane, and Gunther Reinhart. "A Competence Based Approach to Support the Working Force Within Assembly Lines." In Advances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing: Managing the Enterprise of the Future. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41697-7_48.
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Rusakov, A. I. "Force Method for Construction of Influence Lines and Analysis of Space Systems." In Fundamentals of Structural Mechanics, Dynamics, and Stability. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429155291-23.
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Kuenkel, Petra. "Collective Stewardship Towards Life Economies." In Transformation Literacy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93254-1_21.
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AbstractThis chapter explores how different actors, who drive an urgently needed economic systems change, can become part of a more coherent transformation system by focusing on a unifying future narrative: creating economiesin service to life. The understanding of what gives life to systems is an overarching guiding force of the manifold transformative efforts that already exist. Based on an extensive literature review of new economic approaches, the chapter introduces a combination of guiding principles for new economies that would safeguard planetary and human integrity, while allowing for different interpretations and manifestations. It shows that for most principles, implementation strategies already exist. However, the so urgent systems transformations require combined efforts and an approach of collective stewardship by multiple actors, across societal sectors, cultures and institutions. The chapter elaborates how the adoption of a systems aliveness approach informs collective stewardship. The conscious choice of a constellation of strategic drivers, if applied together, increases the leverage of transformative efforts. The chapter concludes with deliberations on how to use the guiding principles and strategic drivers as an entry point for creating pathways towards regenerative civilizations, in which planetary life-support systems are as much valued as the dignity of people.
Conference papers on the topic "Guiding lines of force"
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Wu, Zeyi, and Qingsong Xu. "Design and Analysis of a Compliant Constant-Force Guiding Mechanism With Quasi-Zero Reaction Force." In 2024 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarm62033.2024.10715947.
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Bernardi, Paolo, Renato Cicchetti, and Antonio Faraone. "Guiding and Radiation Characteristics of Planar Interconnecting Lines in Gridded Ground Structures." In 1996_EMC-Europe_Roma. IEEE, 1996. https://doi.org/10.23919/emc.1996.10783756.
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Wu, Shan, Yaorong Hu, Jiangshun Yu, Qi Liu, Rong Yu, and Dandan Liu. "Research on image recognition algorithm for monitoring external force damage of transmission lines." In 2024 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Electromechanical Automation (AIEA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiea62095.2024.10692852.
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Chen, Jianping, Yaosheng Huang, Shangbin Yang, et al. "Research on Warning Technology for External Force Damage Targets of Transmission Lines in Inland Waterways." In 2024 International Conference on the Frontiers of Electronic, Electrical and Information Engineering (ICFEEIE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icfeeie64494.2024.00022.
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Zhang, Fei, Defa Jin, Jianru Xiong, Jiahao Rao, and Jianqi An. "An Algorithm Based on Image and Point Cloud Data Fusion for Detection of Transmission Lines External Force Damage Risk." In 2024 43rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ccc63176.2024.10662846.
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Luo, Lanxin, Limin Sun, Yixian Li, and Yong Xia. "Hybrid Physics Data-driven Modeling for Structural Nonlinear Boundary Condition Identification." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0729.
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<p>The identification of nonlinear boundary conditions in operational structures is essential. Current physics-based methods only identify nonlinear parameters from known patterns, while data-driven approaches solely focus on load-response relationships at the structural level. To this end, this study introduces a hybrid physics-data-driven strategy for identifying nonlinear boundary conditions. Nonlinear behavior is modeled by multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), while linear structural elements are modeled by the finite element method. These components are assembled to form the global stiffness matrix and restoring force vector. Discrepancies between measured and model-predicted responses are formulated as the loss function, guiding the indirect training of MLPs. Three numerical cases are employed to verify the proposed method in identifying elastic, and hysteretic nonlinear boundary conditions without prior knowledge of the nonlinearity type.</p>
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Chung, Byunghoon, and Sooyong Lee. "Robotic Assembly Based on Human Perception and Action." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/dsc-24619.
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Abstract Force guided assembly is a control scheme to guide a workpiece based on a stored map from forces to a correction of motion. Based on the geometry of the workpiece and its kinematic behavior in interacting with the environment, the functional map relating the correction of motion to force measurements is generated and stored as a control law. Central to the design of force guided control is how to synthesize this functional map. Although these explicit force-guided controls are a useful concept, particularly for the monitoring of assembly processes, there are inherent difficulties in applying it to real world problems. In real assembly lines, pipe insertion task, for instance, has been performed only by human workers. Skilled workers insert pipes by perturbing the pipes in order to avoid jamming as well as to determine which way to correct the motion. According to them, the skilled workers monitor obstructing forces in response to the applied perturbation, and modify their motion accordingly. The proposed perturbation/correlation method was motivated by this human perception and action : perturbing the pipe, observing the reaction to the perturbation and correcting the trajectory. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for acquiring effective force information despite sensor noise and friction. Instead of simply receiving force signals from the process, we give perturbation to the robot and measure the reaction forces to the perturbation. By taking the correlation between the perturbation signal and the reaction forces, reliable and useful information for guiding the robot would be extracted. It is expected that this perturbed force measurement provides much richer force information than that of stationary measurement. The perturbation/Correlation method presented in this paper is not only effective for reducing friction, but also effective for obtaining useful information for guiding the robot towards a desired direction. Preliminary experimental results with one directional perturbation are shown in this paper. Extensive mathematical analysis shows the potential application to assemblies in higher dimension.
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Bagci, Cemil. "Complete Balancing of Linkages Using Complete Dynamical Equivalents of Floating Links: CDEL Method." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0415.
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Abstract Partially dynamically equivalent link concept has been used for partial shaking force balancing of the slider-crank mechanisms of engines for a long time. The article offers methods of forming complete dynamically equivalent link (CDEL) for floating binary, ternary, and quaternary links by which a mechanism can be completely balanced eliminating shaking force and shaking moment. Developments and applications are simple. Four-bar and slider-crank mechanisms, Walt’s and Stephenson’s type six-bar mechanisms and some eight-bar mechanisms are completely balanced to illustrate different forms of CDEL in different mechanisms. CDEL uses auxiliary masses and mass moments of inertia on a floating link. The use of the auxiliary masses is illustrated in numerical examples. A Watt’s type body guiding six-bar mechanism interacting with a robot is completely balanced in an application example.
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Kurnool, Sirihari, and Cemil Bagci. "Elastodynamics of Horizontally Body-Guiding Cam-Driven Linkages Interacting With Robots, and Elastic Error Compensation for Robot Positioning." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/mech-1174.
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Abstract Common industrial applications of body-guiding linkages occur with robot (or CNC machine) interaction at workstations in automated production and assembly lines in industry. A linkage in such cases is generally operated horizontally where large deflections at the body location occur creating positioning and orientation errors of the body. These errors must be delivered to the interacting robot to program its motions and operating geometries to eliminate effects of errors on the performed tasks at the workstations. Driving the linkage at high speed, generating dwells at workstations, experiencing efficient dynamic behaviors is an important phase of its design. In this article, a four-bar linkage guides the body. A disk cam with translating roller follower drives a slider-crank loop driving the body guiding linkage providing dynamically efficient motion of the guided-body along its path and the mechanism. Processes of programming motion of the rigid-body along its path, obtaining the corresponding motions of the links of the mechanism, designing the cam-follower mechanism, determnine elastic errors and their correction and minimization, and performing the elastodynamics of the system are offered. A three-dimensional isoparametric beam element and matrix exponential method are used to perform the elastodynamics of the cam-link mechanism, determining dynamic stresses, elastic errors, bearing forces, frequencies, and response with and without vibratory motion effects, and furnishing data for the interacting robot. Numerical results for a system are given.
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Liu, Pengbo, and Peng Yan. "Modeling and Analysis of Beam Flexure Based Double Parallel Guiding Mechanisms: A Modified Pseudo-Rigid-Body Approach." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59897.
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In the present paper, we take the complaint double parallel guiding mechanism as a particular case study to investigate a modified pseudo-rigid-body (MPRB) modeling approach for beam flexure based mechanisms by considering the nonlinear effects of the center-shift and the load-stiffening. In particular, through incorporating the elastic stretch of the beam flexure into the linear Bernoulli-Euler equation, a more accurate model of the beam flexure is derived. Accordingly an MPRB model for a beam flexure is established, which consists of two rigid links joined at a revolute joint and a torsional spring along the beam. Different from traditional PRB model, the location of the torsion spring is not only determined by the characteristic radius factor, but also a purely elastic stretch under the action of the axial force. Meanwhile, both the characteristic radius factor and the equivalent stiffness of the beam flexure are no longer constant values, but affected by the applied general tip load, especially the axial force. Based on the analysis results of a beam flexure, we obtain a more accurate model of the double parallel guiding mechanisms, which is further verified by the finite element analysis (FEA) results. The proposed MPRB model provides a more parametric method to predict the performance characteristics such as deformation capability, stiffness variation, as well as error motions of the beam flexure based complaint mechanisms, and offers a new look into the design and optimization of beam-based compliant mechanisms.
Reports on the topic "Guiding lines of force"
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Ludtke, W. P. Force Distribution in the Suspension Lines of Cross Parachutes. Defense Technical Information Center, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262414.
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Viall, Kenneth E. Big Blue Arrows: Lines of Information and the Transformation Force. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392266.
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Morgado, Andrew. Reconstitution as a Guiding Principle to US Army Force Structure: High Risk or Prudent Hedge? Defense Technical Information Center, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611995.
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LI, Peng, Junhong Ren, and Yan Li. Lung ultrasound guided therapy for heart failure: an updated meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0124.
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Review question / Objective: We aim to evaluate the effect of lung ultrasound (LU) guided therapy on the rates of adverse cardiac events (MACE) in heart failure (HF) patients. Condition being studied: Previous studies have found that B-lines assessed by lung ultrasound can be used for risk stratification in patients with HF and to predict the occurrence of adverse cardiac events. Therefore, similar to BNP, lung ultrasound has clinical value in guiding the management of patients with HF. However, the role of LU in guiding HF therapy is still controversial. Moreover, previous study's samples are too small to explain the over clinical outcomes. Besides, previous meta-analyses study did not perform meta-regression and/or subgroup analyses, or further analyze other parameters, such as heart function, quality of life and length of hospital stay.
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Or, Dani, Shmulik Friedman, and Jeanette Norton. Physical processes affecting microbial habitats and activity in unsaturated agricultural soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587239.bard.
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experimental methods for quantifying effects of water content and other dynamic environmental factors on bacterial growth in partially-saturated soils. Towards this end we reviewed critically the relevant scientific literature and performed theoretical and experimental studies of bacterial growth and activity in modeled, idealized and real unsaturated soils. The natural wetting-drying cycles common to agricultural soils affect water content and liquid organization resulting in fragmentation of aquatic habitats and limit hydraulic connections. Consequently, substrate diffusion pathways to soil microbial communities become limiting and reduce nutrient fluxes, microbial growth, and mobility. Key elements that govern the extent and manifestation of such ubiquitous interactions include characteristics of diffusion pathways and pore space, the timing, duration, and extent of environmental perturbations, the nature of microbiological adjustments (short-term and longterm), and spatial distribution and properties of EPS clusters (microcolonies). Of these key elements we have chosen to focus on a manageable subset namely on modeling microbial growth and coexistence on simple rough surfaces, and experiments on bacterial growth in variably saturated sand samples and columns. Our extensive review paper providing a definitive “snap-shot” of present scientific understanding of microbial behavior in unsaturated soils revealed a lack of modeling tools that are essential for enhanced predictability of microbial processes in soils. We therefore embarked on two pronged approach of development of simple microbial growth models based on diffusion-reaction principles to incorporate key controls for microbial activity in soils such as diffusion coefficients and temporal variations in soil water content (and related substrate diffusion rates), and development of new methodologies in support of experiments on microbial growth in simple and observable porous media under controlled water status conditions. Experimental efforts led to a series of microbial growth experiments in granular media under variable saturation and ambient conditions, and introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) to study cell size, morphology and multi-cell arrangement at a high resolution from growth experiments in various porous media. The modeling efforts elucidated important links between unsaturated conditions and microbial coexistence which is believed to support the unparallel diversity found in soils. We examined the role of spatial and temporal variation in hydration conditions (such as exist in agricultural soils) on local growth rates and on interactions between two competing microbial species. Interestingly, the complexity of soil spaces and aquatic niches are necessary for supporting a rich microbial diversity and the wide array of microbial functions in unsaturated soils. This project supported collaboration between soil physicists and soil microbiologist that is absolutely essential for making progress in both disciplines. It provided a few basic tools (models, parameterization) for guiding future experiments and for gathering key information necessary for prediction of biological processes in agricultural soils. The project sparked a series of ongoing studies (at DTU and EPFL and in the ARO) into effects of soil hydration dynamics on microbial survival strategy under short term and prolonged desiccation (important for general scientific and agricultural applications).
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TETINA, S. V., Yu V. GUTROVA, I. E. ZHIDKOVA, et al. BUSINESS DIDACTIC GAME "INDIVIDUAL METHODOLOGICAL STYLE OF TEACHER'S ACTIVITY". SIB-Expertise, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0543.17032022.
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Abstract: the proposed business didactic game is aimed at developing the creative attitude of the teacher to his own professional activity. The motivational material of a business didactic game allows the teacher to understand that his activity has sometimes elusive pedagogical algorithms and strategies, the totality of which can be called such a concept as an individual methodological style of activity. In addition to pedagogical strategies, this concept reflects the unique psychological qualities of the individual, which allow the teacher to influence the quality of the acquired knowledge. It is also emphasized that the concept of an individual style of activity is the result of the teacher's internal hard work, the result of a long search, value. On this basis, the individual style of activity rejects the concept of "charisma", since it is self-sufficient and does not need to be theatrically announced to any audience. All the value bases of an individual methodological style of activity are aimed not at narcissism, but at helping students in mastering the internal content of a particular academic subject. The leading sign of the formation of an individual methodological style of activity is the ability to correctly combine one's original author's position on the content principles of the taught subject with the guiding and prescriptive lines of the work program. The author's position of the teacher, which combines the emotional and rational components, is also reflected in external behavioral mechanisms. At the same time, expressive forms of behavior are not a mandatory feature of the individual style of methodological activity. A special style of preparing educational material, a list of methods and forms of teaching is structured on the basis of a situational understanding of the subtle mechanisms of teaching, educating and developing schoolchildren
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Wan, Wilfred, and Nivedita Raju. Escalation Risks at the Space–Nuclear Nexus. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/fzdw6296.
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Space systems are essential for nuclear and non-nuclear missions for China, Russia and the United States, with the space domain central in their national security strategies. Amid the strategic competition and rivalry between the three states, their threat perceptions exhibit unprecedented levels of worst-case scenario thinking, signalling a preparedness to respond with force in case of attacks or incidents involving space systems. Escalation risks in outer space, even possibly extending to the use of nuclear weapons, thus appear to be growing, especially as the deterrent role of such weapons is expanding to account for more capabilities with strategic effect. While different variables will impact escalation dynamics at the intersection of outer space, nuclear weapons and related systems (the ‘space–nuclear nexus’), some factors clearly contribute to the risk of escalation. These include strategic ambiguity and unclear red lines on what actions could result in potential nuclear retaliation. These fuzzy red lines are further blurred by the many uncertainties in space operations, such as congestion of orbits, considerations of potential civilian harm, the role of commercial actors in space, and the integration of artificial intelligence into space systems. Additional space–nuclear-related risk reduction measures are therefore vital. This paper proposes measures at the multilateral, bilateral and unilateral levels for China, Russia and the USA to consider.
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Price, Roz. Climate Adaptation: Lessons and Insights for Governance, Budgeting, and Accountability. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.008.
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This rapid review draws on literature from academic, policy and non-governmental organisation sources. There is a huge literature on climate governance issues in general, but less is known about effective support and the political-economy of adaptation. A large literature base and case studies on climate finance accountability and budgeting in governments is nascent and growing. Section 2 of this report briefly discusses governance of climate change issues, with a focus on the complexity and cross-cutting nature of climate change compared to the often static organisational landscape of government structured along sectoral lines. Section 3 explores green public financial management (PFM). Section 4 then brings together several principles and lessons learned on green PFM highlighted in the guidance notes. Transparency and accountability lessons are then highlighted in Section 5. The Key findings are: 1) Engaging with the governance context and the political economy of climate governance and financing is crucial to climate objectives being realised. 2) More attention is needed on whether and how governments are prioritising adaptation and resilience in their own operations. 3) Countries in Africa further along in the green PFM agenda give accounts of reform approaches that are gradual, iterative and context-specific, building on existing PFM systems and their functionality. 4) A well-functioning “accountability ecosystem” is needed in which state and non-state accountability actors engage with one another. 5) Climate change finance accountability systems and ecosystems in countries are at best emerging. 6) Although case studies from Nepal, the Philippines and Bangladesh are commonly cited in the literature and are seen as some of the most advanced developing country examples of green PFM, none of the countries have had significant examples of collaboration and engagement between actors. 7) Lessons and guiding principles for green PFM reform include: use the existing budget cycle and legal frameworks; ensure that the basic elements of a functional PFM system are in place; strong leadership of the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and clear linkages with the overall PFM reform agenda are needed; smart sequencing of reforms; real political ownership and clearly defined roles and responsibilities; and good communication to stakeholders).
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Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.
Full textAbstract:
To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.