Journal articles: 'Guido in Speyer'

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Herkenrath, Rainer Maria. "Burkhard, Scholaster von St. Guido zu Speyer." Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung 94, no. 1-2 (June 1986): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/miog.1986.94.12.1.

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McGough, Greta. "Our Speaker Today – A Guide to Effective LecturingOur Speaker Today – A Guide to Effective Lecturing." Nursing Standard 25, no. 37 (May 18, 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.05.25.37.30.b1206.

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Kubota, Hiroshi. "Sound wave guide structure for speaker system and horn speaker." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 128, no. 6 (2010): 3821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3544378.

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Shin, Joung-Youl, and Byung-Wan Han. "Plane speaker having coil plate guide device." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 126, no. 2 (2009): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3204329.

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McQueenie, Jim. "Health and safety managers: a user's guide." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10079.

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CEOs and line managers are keenly aware of the importance of effective health and safety management in major hazard industries such as oil and gas and their moral and legal accountability for health and safety at work. This speaker presents a “users guide” to leaders describing how to select, scope, direct and monitor the health and safety function in order to ensure the “health” of the health and safety function, ensure risks are effectively identified and prioritised, monitor implementation and progress and ensure events and trends are appropriately flagged and actioned. The speaker seeks to provide leaders with a self check capability to ensure obligations are discharged.

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Baker, Don. "Review of American speaker: Your guide to successful speaking." Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 22, no. 3 (1999): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0095222.

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Suman, M., K. Harish, K. Manoj Kumar, and S. Samrajyam. "Speech Recognition Using MFCC and VQLBG." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v4.i4.pp151-156.

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Speaker Recognition is the computing task of confirmatory a user’s claimed identity mistreatment characteristics extracted from their voices. This technique is one of the most helpful and in style biometric recognition techniques in the world particularly connected to areas in that security could be a major concern. It are often used for authentication, police work, rhetorical speaker recognition and variety of connected activities. The method of Speaker recognition consists of two modules particularly feature extraction and have matching. Feature extraction is that the method during which we have a tendency to extract a tiny low quantity of knowledge from the voice signal that will later be used to represent every speaker. Feature matching involves identification of the unknown speaker by scrutiny the extracted options from his/her voice input with those from a collection of identified speakers. Our projected work consists of truncating a recorded voice signal, framing it, passing it through a window perform, conniving the Short Term FFT, extracting its options and Matching it with a hold on guide. Cepstral constant Calculation and Mel frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) area unit applied for feature extraction purpose.VQLBG (Vector Quantization via Linde-Buzo-Gray) algorithmic rule is used for generating guide and feature matching purpose.

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Martinez, Ronald L. "Guido Cavalcanti's “Una figura della donna mia” and the Specter of Idolatry Haunting the Stilnovo." Exemplaria 15, no. 2 (January 2003): 297–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/exm.2003.15.2.297.

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Stock, Hayli R., Susan A. Graham, and Craig G. Chambers. "Generic language and speaker confidence guide preschoolers’ inferences about novel animate kinds." Developmental Psychology 45, no. 3 (2009): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015359.

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Sung, Young Hwan. "Sound guide for speaker and handset for mobile communication using the same." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 5 (2010): 3289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3432278.

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Wardle, Stephen P., and A. Michael Weindling. "Peripheral fractional oxygen extraction and other measures of tissue oxygenation to guide blood transfusions in preterm infants." Seminars in Perinatology 25, no. 2 (April 2001): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/sper.2001.23200.

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Fisher Williams, Clare L. "Appropriating rhetoric: a beginner’s guide." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 64, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v64i3.359.

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This paper examines the importance of the speaker – the agent – in the construction of dialogue. Within the rhetoric used by each agent are power constructs which display the speaker’s position in society (role). The rhetoric used by that agent in the process of fulfilling that social role is particular to that setting in spacetime. However, what happens when another agent in a different social position appropriates that rhetoric? The framing of the dialogue changes and the hidden power structures revealed and altered. To what extent does the new agent appropriate the first speaker’s normative authority? What impact does this have on the rhetoric itself ? In this discussion I take a real-life example of the appropriation of rhetoric from the ongoing Eurozone downgrade debates. I use McCloskey’s theory of rhetoric, or ‘sweet talk’, to uncover the normative bias of the discourse, and set the dialogue within Giddens’ structuration framework to highlight the importance oflanguage, locale and the agent. The analysis highlights power differentials that are indicative of conflicts of interest in the regulation of credit-rating agencies and the debate asks what this means for future action.

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McGough, Greta. "Our speaker today – a guide to effective lecturing Allan Gaw Our speaker today – a guide to effective lecturing SA Press (www.allangaw.com) 162pp £12.99 + £1.50p+p 978 0 9563242 1 4 0956324215." Nursing Standard 25, no. 37 (May 18, 2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.25.37.30.s37.

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Beltrama, Andrea, and Florian Schwarz. "Imprecision, personae, and pragmatic reasoning." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 31 (January 5, 2022): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v31i0.5107.

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Recent work at the interface of semantics and sociolinguistics showed that listeners reason about the semantic/pragmatic properties of linguistic utterances to draw social inferences about the speaker (Acton and Potts 2014; Beltrama 2018; Jeong 2021). These findings raise the question of whether reverse effects exist as well, i.e., whether (and how) social meanings can also impact the interpretation of semantic/pragmatic meanings. Using (im)precision as a case study, we provide experimental evidence that (i) numerals receive stricter interpretations when utteredbyNerdy(vs. Chill) speakers; and that (ii) this effect is stronger for comprehenders who don’t (strongly) identify with the speaker, suggesting that pragmatic reasoning is crucially shaped by social information about both the speaker and the comprehender. These findings suggest that different layers of meanings inform one another in a bi-directional fashion – i.e., semantic information can invite social inferences, and Misocial information can guide meaning interpretation.

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Derdemezis, Ekaterini, Houri K. Vorperian, Ray D. Kent, Marios Fourakis, Emily L. Reinicke, and Daniel M. Bolt. "Optimizing Vowel Formant Measurements in Four Acoustic Analysis Systems for Diverse Speaker Groups." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 25, no. 3 (August 2016): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_ajslp-15-0020.

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Purpose This study systematically assessed the effects of select linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis parameter manipulations on vowel formant measurements for diverse speaker groups using 4 trademarked Speech Acoustic Analysis Software Packages (SAASPs): CSL, Praat, TF32, and WaveSurfer. Method Productions of 4 words containing the corner vowels were recorded from 4 speaker groups with typical development (male and female adults and male and female children) and 4 speaker groups with Down syndrome (male and female adults and male and female children). Formant frequencies were determined from manual measurements using a consensus analysis procedure to establish formant reference values, and from the 4 SAASPs (using both the default analysis parameters and with adjustments or manipulations to select parameters). Smaller differences between values obtained from the SAASPs and the consensus analysis implied more optimal analysis parameter settings. Results Manipulations of default analysis parameters in CSL, Praat, and TF32 yielded more accurate formant measurements, though the benefit was not uniform across speaker groups and formants. In WaveSurfer, manipulations did not improve formant measurements. Conclusions The effects of analysis parameter manipulations on accuracy of formant-frequency measurements varied by SAASP, speaker group, and formant. The information from this study helps to guide clinical and research applications of SAASPs.

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Quaas, Jurgen. "Construction of sound converter in sound guide especially for loudspeakers, for example speaker boxes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 6 (June 1991): 3031–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.400800.

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Pérez, Diana I. "The Will to Communicate." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 45, no. 133 (December 11, 2013): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2013.722.

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In this paper I discuss Rodriguez-Pereyra’s claim according to which analytical philosophy should be published exclusively in English. I focus my reply on three issues: (1) the implicit conception of philosophy and of the philosophical practice that underlies his argument, (2) the myth of the “native speaker” and (3) some values that should guide philosophy and which I propose to highlight.

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OWENS, Sarah J., Justine M. THACKER, and Susan A. GRAHAM. "Disfluencies signal reference to novel objects for adults but not children." Journal of Child Language 45, no. 3 (November 16, 2017): 581–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000917000368.

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AbstractSpeech disfluencies can guide the ways in which listeners interpret spoken language. Here, we examined whether three-year-olds, five-year-olds, and adults use filled pauses to anticipate that a speaker is likely to refer to a novel object. Across three experiments, participants were presented with pairs of novel and familiar objects and heard a speaker refer to one of the objects using a fluent (“Look at the ball/lep!”) or disfluent (“Look at thee uh ball/lep!”) expression. The salience of the speaker's unfamiliarity with the novel referents, and the way in which the speaker referred to the novel referents (i.e., a noun vs. a description) varied across experiments. Three- and five-year-olds successfully identified familiar and novel targets, but only adults’ looking patterns reflected increased looks to novel objects in the presence of a disfluency. Together, these findings demonstrate that adults, but not young children, use filled pauses to anticipate reference to novel objects.

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McMeekin, Abigail. "L1-L2 speaker interaction in a study abroad setting." Study Abroad to, from, and within Asia 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 263–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sar.16011.mcm.

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Abstract Analyzing approximately nine hours of video-recorded naturally-occurring conversations over eight weeks of study abroad between three L2 speakers of Japanese and their L1 speaker host family members, the present study uses conversation analysis to explore how the participants manage intersubjectivity using communication strategies in word searches. Specifically the study explores the following: (a) how participants deploy, manipulate, and respond to communication strategies as interactional resources used to co-construct meaning and progressively disambiguate the referent sought; (b) how strategies are used within the sequential organization of word searches to guide the trajectory of the search on a turn-by-turn basis; (c) how linguistic and non-linguistic resources such as intonation and eye gaze are used in conjunction with strategies to organize participant structure and relevant action in the unfolding talk; and (d) how a microanalytic, interactional approach can redefine our understanding of how strategic mechanisms are used and labeled in interaction.

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Berlinger, Nancy. "HOUSING, AGING, AND HEALTH: NEW FINDINGS AND FRAMEWORKS FROM HOUSING-FOCUSED RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF COVID-19." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1329.

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Abstract Older adults have been the most vulnerable population to severe illness, hospitalization, or death from COVID-19. During the pandemic, housing became a site of health and safety for some, while reinforced inequities for others due to underlying problems of affordability, accessibility, safety, and service access. This symposium showcases five housing-focused studies reflecting the pandemic context, including research by early-career investigators. The first speaker will present findings from a study of materials preserving promising practices and policy ideas generated by housing-focused pandemic responses to middle-income and low-income community-dwelling older adults. The second speaker will discuss narrative lessons from “avoidance hotels” – an infection-reduction strategy that transferred older adults from shelters to hotel rooms – with potential to guide planning for the needs of older adults facing homelessness and serious illness. The third speaker will analyze findings from multi-city research on the pandemic housing experiences of lower-income Black women, who faced severe intersectional threats to housing security. The fourth speaker will share data from a qualitative study of a Medicare-financed home care program for residents of HUD housing, including recommendations for improving experiences of participants and providers. The fifth speaker will describe the evolution of the pandemic-response roles of HUD service coordinators, based on findings from surveys in 2020 and 2021. We will conclude with audience discussion about ways for age-focused researchers to collaborate in crafting policy solutions and effective public narratives about housing equity in America's aging society.

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Yue, Huanjing, Wenxin Duo, Xiulian Peng, and Jingyu Yang. "Reference-Based Speech Enhancement via Feature Alignment and Fusion Network." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 10 (June 28, 2022): 11648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i10.21419.

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Speech enhancement aims at recovering a clean speech from a noisy input, which can be classified into single speech enhancement and personalized speech enhancement. Personalized speech enhancement usually utilizes the speaker identity extracted from the noisy speech itself (or a clean reference speech) as a global embedding to guide the enhancement process. Different from them, we observe that the speeches of the same speaker are correlated in terms of frame-level short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) spectrogram. Therefore, we propose reference-based speech enhancement via a feature alignment and fusion network (FAF-Net). Given a noisy speech and a clean reference speech spoken by the same speaker, we first propose a feature level alignment strategy to warp the clean reference with the noisy speech in frame level. Then, we fuse the reference feature with the noisy feature via a similarity-based fusion strategy. Finally, the fused features are skipped connected to the decoder, which generates the enhanced results. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed FAF-Net is close to state-of-the-art speech enhancement methods on both DNS and Voice Bank+DEMAND datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/HieDean/FAF-Net.

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Gropp, Kathryn E., and Michael C. Boyle. "A Brief Overview of the STP 36th Annual Symposium: Musculoskeletal System." Toxicologic Pathology 45, no. 7 (October 2017): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623317738211.

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The title of the 2017 Society of Toxicologic Pathology symposium was “Musculoskeletal System.” A brief overview of the General Scientific Symposium is presented herein and describes the topics presented by each speaker. Symposium speakers addressed subjects pertinent to musculoskeletal system toxicologic pathology and drug development ranging from molecular biology of bone homeostasis to regulatory agency requirements and considerations for registration of bone therapeutics. This overview serves to summarize sessions and is intended as a guide to the individual submissions by speakers and symposium contributors.

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Dionne, Timothy, Lauren Little, and Megan E. Gately. "Understanding Service Delivery Decisions: More Than a Digital Divide." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): 7610510148p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po148.

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Abstract Date Presented 04/01/2022 Postpandemic, OT practitioners must make clinical judgments about the continuation of telehealth for specific clients. However, there is a lack of research on the factors that influence both practitioners’ and clients’ decision-making processes in using telehealth and promote success. The purpose of this research was to uncover ways in which OT practitioners drew from clinical reasoning, expertise, and resilience to guide service delivery modality decision making. Primary Author and Speaker: Timothy Dionne Additional Authors and Speakers: Lauren Little, Megan E. Gately

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Humphrey, Casey, and Renee Causey-Upton. "Can OT Students Be Too Perfect? The Impact of Perfectionism on Academic and Psychosocial Factors." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): 7610505072p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po72.

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Abstract Date Presented 04/01/2022 Perfectionism among students who are future health care providers could negatively affect academic performance, health outcomes, future career burnout, and poor work performance. This study determined rates of perfectionism among graduate OT, speech-language pathology, and physical therapy students and explored the impact of perfectionism on academic and psychosocial outcomes. Results may help guide the development of resources to support academic success and mental health for students in rigorous academic programs. Primary Author and Speaker: Casey Humphrey Additional Authors and Speakers: Renee Causey-Upton

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Suardiana, I. Wayan. "Building Entrepreneurship Environment For Students Through Balinese Speaking Skills." Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH) 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2018.v02.i02.p01.

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Efforts to innovate in language care is done by developing a model of skills that can be used as a provision of life by the speaker. Balinese language skills that will be offered in oral level such as mapidarta art (speech / orator), become ugrawakya/MC (Master of Ceremony), madarmawacana art (sermon), art of masatua (telling) Bali, as broadcaster (radio and TV); in the level of writing covers the art of writing opinion, writing reportoar in relation as a journalist. In this study only disclosed about the guide (model) of art into ugrawakya/MC (Master of Ceremony). This research data is a qualitative data that is extracted from the relevant books to guide or direct someone to be able to become a ugrawakya (MC) well. Methods of data collection is done by library study assisted by the technique of record. Data were analyzed by analytic descriptive method with deductive-inductive technique, and presented by informal method.

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Lambdin-Pattavina, Carol, Molly Arruda, Samantha Belanger, Robyn Barrett, Madeline Gendron, and Lauren O. N. Fedorchak. "OT Practitioners’ Perceptions of the Impact of Academic and Professional Education and Training on Burnout and Compassion Fatigue." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 76, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): 7610505058p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2022.76s1-po58.

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Abstract Date Presented 04/01/2022 Prevalence of burnout and compassion fatigue has risen in health care workers as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 and increased awareness of ongoing injustices. Yet, little is known about these constructs in relation to OT practitioners. This mixed-methods study explored OT practitioners’ perceptions of education and training regarding burnout and compassion fatigue. Results can serve to guide thinking about effective academic and professional programming to prevent or mitigate burnout and compassion fatigue. Primary Author and Speaker: Carol Lambdin-Pattavina Additional Authors and Speakers: Molly Arruda, Samantha Belanger, Robyn Barrett, Madeline Gendron, Lauren O. N. Fedorchak

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Conti, Diego de Melo. "Interview with John Elkington." Sustentabilidade: Diálogos Interdisciplinares 2 (August 25, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24220/2675-7885v2e2021a5422.

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John Elkington, Founder & Chief Pollinator at Volans, is one of the founders of the global sustainability movement, an experienced advisor to business, and a highly regarded keynote speaker and contributor, from conferences to boards and advisory boards. John tackles some of the world's most challenging problems, helping key actors move from the responsibility agenda through resilience to regeneration. He has inspired a number of Volans’ inquiries, including Project Breakthrough, Tomorrow’s Capitalism Inquiry and the Green Swans Observatory. He has worked with an A-to-Z of businesses worldwide, now helping the Volans team guide multinational companies to transform towards a regenerative future

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Tolerton, Alan. "Stalling in speech." Volume 3 3 (January 1, 1986): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.3.04tol.

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This paper examines some aspects of Stalling in the spontaneous speech production of two learners of English. The major purpose is to provide some control data for further examination of their (and others’) L2 speech production. Some data from previous published studies of hesitation in native speakers are provided, to serve as a rough guide to the native-speaker norm, if there is one. Both subjects are found to hesitate most frequently and for the longest time before the first word of clauses. This is consistent with the norm found for native speakers. No particularly long or frequent Stalling was found in any environment within the clause, except where there was an accompanying syntactic disruption, that is, Repair.

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Mouaz, Bezoui, Cherif Walid, Beni-Hssane Abderrahim, and Elmoutaouakkil Abdelmajid. "A new framework based on KNN and DT for speech identification through emphatic letters in Moroccan dialect." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 3 (March 10, 2021): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1417-1423.

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Arabic dialects differ substantially from modern standard arabic and each other in terms of phonology, morphology, lexical choice and syntax. This makes the identification of dialects from speeches a very difficult task. In this paper, we introduce a speech recognition system that automatically identifies the gender of speaker, the emphatic letter pronounced and also the diacritic of these emphatic letters given a sample of author’s speeches. Firstly we examined the performance of the single case classifier hidden markov models (HMM) applied to the samples of our data corpus. Then we evaluated our proposed approach KNN-DT which is a hybridization of two classifiers namely decision trees (DT) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN). Both models are singularly applied directly to the data corpus to recognize the emphatic letter of the sound and to the diacritic and the gender of the speaker. This hybridization proved quite interesting; it improved the speech recognition accuracy by more than 10% compared to state-of-the-art approaches.

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Ganapathy, Neetu. "Why do I Need a Teacher When I've got Google? The Essential Guide to the Big Issues for Every 21^st Century Teacher." SDMIMD Journal of Management 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2015/3964.

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'Why do I need a teacher when I've got Google' is a thought provoking book by Ian Gilbert on the changes in the field of education in the 21 st century and the chal - lenges faced by teachers under the circumstances. The author is an educational innovator, writer, entrepreneur, founder of 'Independent Thinking' and an inspirational speaker. He trains teachers in schools and colleges in the UK and across the world to become better teachers who have the important task of bringing out the best in their students.

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Yeh, Meng, and Xian Zhang. "Corpus-based instruction." Chinese as a Second Language (漢語教學研究—美國中文教師學會學報). The journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association, USA 53, no. 1 (October 19, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/csl.17019.yeh.

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Abstract The aim of this study is two-fold. First, it demonstrates the use of learner and native speaker spoken Chinese corpora to identify learners’ non-use of the discourse-linking jiu in the narration of stories. To guide students to notice and practice jiu in spoken narrative contexts, we designed and implemented four 50-minute classes of corpus-based instruction. Second, this study investigates the effect of the corpus-based instruction in teaching discourse-linking jiu. Evaluation of the oral production of story narration from the pretest and posttest reveals that the students in the experimental group outperformed the control group. The results suggest that the corpus-based instruction had a positive effect on students’ learning of jiu in storytelling.

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Ni Kadek Ria Safitri and Gede Sutrisna. "POLITENESS STRATEGIES USED BY ENGLISH NATIVE TEACHER: A CASE STUDY IN BILINGUAL PRE-KINDERGARTEN." KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 6, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.6.2.4894.

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The study aimed at describing types of politeness strategies used in Bilingual Pre-Kindergarten in Denpasar-Bali. The research was designed as a qualitative study by employing four instruments which included the researcher as the main instrument, observation sheets, video recorder and interview guide. The finding showed that the English-Native-Speaker (ENS) teacher dominantly used positive politeness strategy in order to motivate the students in teaching and learning process with the closer relationship compared with bald on-record strategy, off-record strategy and negative politeness strategy. However, saying-nothing strategy (Don’t do the FTA) could not be found due to the age and the needs of the students in which they needed an active communication environment because it influenced their social-emotional development.

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Hacquard, Valentine. "Bootstrapping attitudes." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 24 (April 5, 2015): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v24i0.2434.

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This paper explores two classic problems at the semantics-pragmatics interface from a learner’s perspective. First, the meaning that speakers convey often goes beyond the literal meaning of the sentences they utter. Second, not all content encoded in utterances has equal standing: some is foregrounded, some backgrounded. Yet a sentence does not formally distinguish what a speaker asserts from what she presupposes or merely implicates. For this reason, the child acquiring a language has a daunting task. She must both extract the literal meaning from the overall message, and separate the background assumptions that are linguistically required from those that are incidental. This paper discusses the ways in which the syntax might guide the child with this daunting task, through a few case studies on children’s acquisition of attitude verbs.

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Asnita, Nadia, and Rike Febriyanti. "Kemampuan Pemelajar Bahasa Jepang dalam Melafalkan Bunyi Nasal /n/ yang Diikuti Konsonan Bilabial /p/." JLA (Jurnal Lingua Applicata) 5, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jla.68352.

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Japanese has a variety of sounds with very interesting features, but these features can cause mispronunciation, especially by foreign students. This study aims to determine the ability of Indonesian Japanese learners to pronounce the nasal consonant /n/ when followed by a bilabial consonant (両唇音) especially /p/. This study uses the descriptive qualitative method, conducted to 10 Japanese language students at Brawijaya University by analyzing their voices using Praat when reciting 3 Japanese sentences which contains [shinpai], [tenpura], and [kanpeki]. We also recorded the voice of Japanese native speakers when reciting the same sentences and use it as a research guide during data analyzing process. From the analysis of pronunciation by native speaker, it is found that the nasal sound produced is a labiodental nasal sound /ɱ/, and there was a stop without vibration when the mouth was closed or in Japanese known as “heisa” (閉鎖) which caused a bilabial popping sound when pronouncing the /p/ sound after the nasal. While for students, it is found that they had several pronunciations similar to the native speaker, but most of them are different pronunciations. The different pronunciations were found in the form of nasal sounds pronounced /n/ only or /m/ only. Some even spell /ng/, and some did not produce pops at the bilabial sound /p/, and other distinct pronunciation were also found in this research.

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Pai, Neng-Sheng, Hua-Jui Kuang, Ting-Yuan Chang, Ying-Che Kuo, and Chun-Yuan Lai. "Implementation of a Tour Guide Robot System Using RFID Technology and Viterbi Algorithm-Based HMM for Speech Recognition." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/262791.

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This paper applied speech recognition and RFID technologies to develop an omni-directional mobile robot into a robot with voice control and guide introduction functions. For speech recognition, the speech signals were captured by short-time processing. The speaker first recorded the isolated words for the robot to create speech database of specific speakers. After the speech pre-processing of this speech database, the feature parameters of cepstrum and delta-cepstrum were obtained using linear predictive coefficient (LPC). Then, the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) was used for model training of the speech database, and the Viterbi algorithm was used to find an optimal state sequence as the reference sample for speech recognition. The trained reference model was put into the industrial computer on the robot platform, and the user entered the isolated words to be tested. After processing by the same reference model and comparing with previous reference model, the path of the maximum total probability in various models found using the Viterbi algorithm in the recognition was the recognition result. Finally, the speech recognition and RFID systems were achieved in an actual environment to prove its feasibility and stability, and implemented into the omni-directional mobile robot.

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Gaggiotti, Hugo, and Diana Marre. "The words leader/líder and their resonances in an Italo-Latin American multinational corporation." Leadership 13, no. 2 (March 16, 2017): 194–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715017696610.

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The problems of ‘lost in translation’ are well known. Yet some terms of English managerial vocabulary, which are perfectly translatable in other languages, remain untranslated. One explanation of this phenomenon is what Linguistic anthropology call negative semantic resonances. Semantic resonances focused on the issue of which meanings can or cannot be expressed by a single word in different cultures. In this paper, based on an organisational ethnography of Latin American expatriates working for an Italo-Latin-American multinational corporation (Tubworld), we analyse the resonances of the word leader/líder and director, direttore, capo, guida, coordinador, caudillo among a group of expatriates; all Italian, Spanish or multilingual speakers who use English as a second language in their everyday interactions. The paper explains how the different uses contribute to create a meaning of what a leader should and should not be; someone who leads without leading, sometimes a manager. The authors, an Italian native speaker who learnt Spanish during childhood and use English as his everyday language and a Spanish native speaker, argue that Italian or Spanish speakers not only avoid the words duce and caudillo (the vernacular vocabulary for leader, not in use due to the political and cultural meaning) but also the word leader/líder itself, as it resonate to the other two (violent, authoritarian, autocratic, antidemocratic leadership) but furthermore because the word, a lexical loan from English, failed to encapsulate the complexity of leading multilingual organisations like Tubworld.

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Meliani, Putu Ega, Ni Made Ratminingsih, and Gede Mahendrayana. "CODE MIXING AS LANGUAGE STYLE IN COMMUNICATION THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA TWITTER." Yavana Bhasha : Journal of English Language Education 4, no. 2 (August 24, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/yb.v4i2.2775.

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This paper aims to recognize the types of code-mixing and factors influencing code-mixing by Twitter users. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research design. The subject of this study is Twitter users who post tweets that contained code-mixing. The researcher uses documentation and interview as data collection methods. The data for identifying the types of code-mixing were collected by documenting the tweets posted previously by Twitter users on the Twitter platform. The interview guide was used to ask questions to respondents about the factors influencing the use of code-mixing in communication as language style. The data were analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion: verifying. The data collected from documentation and interview showed that insertion code-mixing became the dominant type used among Twitter users. It is influenced by several factors from within of language speaker and external factors.

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Huang, Hung-Tzu, and Yu-Jung Chang. "Applying Genre-based and L2 Pragmatic Instruction to Teaching Oral Presentations on the Web." International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 5, no. 4 (October 2015): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2015100105.

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This article describes the development of an Internet-based instructional platform, which aims to guide EFL college students in learning and practicing oral presentation skills. Genre-based instruction and insights from L2 pragmatic instructional research inspired the platform's design. The instructional units in the online platform engage learners in a comparative analysis of rhetorical and language features at both expert speaker and learner speech levels and scaffold the learners in utilizing these features to deliver practice presentations. Documenting the four EFL students' experiences using the platform, the user reports show how the guided tasks expanded the students' understanding of ‘good presentations.' For learners whose language-learning goals are directed towards participating in a global community, it is suggested that key factors in developing web-based oral presentations materials are corpus selection and pedagogical tasks, which consider the learners' subjectivity in determining rhetorical and pragmatic norms.

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Pozza, Marianna, and Sara Civale. "Between Synchrony and Diachrony: The Multimodal Nature of Phonaesthemes." International Journal of Linguistics 14, no. 4 (July 14, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v14i4.20177.

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Knowledge about phonaesthesia has particularly been deepened since 1930 until now. Starting from John Wallis’ first thoughts on the subject in 1653 via the contributions from John Rupert Firth’s post-1930s’ studies, the phenomenon has seen a growing interest as the result of the consolidated – but still to some extent arbitrary – interactions between meaning and sound over time. This paper focuses on some relevant issues in the field of diachronic linguistics, especially in connection with etymological reconstruction, to evaluate phenomena that, in a certain sense, appear to be correlated with the idea of a posteriori re-motivation by the speaker, investigating phonaesthemes’ conceptual organization around some meaningful morpho-phonological clusters derived from Proto Indo-European, always connected with analogical associations. It also reasons about the stability of the root itself, due to fundamental characteristics of human cognition and broader social contexts in which language is used. Besides diachrony, the psycholinguistic relevance of phonaesthemic clusters is synchronically highlighted both in productivity – especially within the Germanic branch, English above all – and in comprehension processes, because their faciliatory priming effect seems to guide the speaker towards a better experience of understanding and to ease the progressive and natural addition of patterned neologisms after an existing word, in order to make them compatible with the original sets. The purpose of this contribution is to offer a general overview of the issue, trying, at the same time, to show how the phenomenon of phonaesthesia can also be read in the interaction between synchrony and diachrony, even if synchrony, for obvious reasons, remains the privileged investigation filter.

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Vilímek, Vítězslav. "Denominations of Herbs in Těšín Silesia motivated by their therapeutic effects." Slavic Almanac, no. 3-4 (2020): 270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2020.3-4.3.03.

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This study focuses on the names of medicinal plants which are used in the linguistic area of Těšín Silesia and which have been derived from their eff ects known in folk human and veterinary medicine. The etymol-ogy of the names of these plants was transparent to the average speaker of the language and acted as a clear guide on how to use them. It is therefore a suitable source of ethnolinguistic knowledge. We identify four typical types of motivation: the organ or part of body for which the plant is used; the disease against which the plant is used; the eff ect; the person or animal for whose treatment the plant is used. Each type is documented using specifi c examples and aided by analyses of the origin of the name of the plant and its therapeutic use as it is known in Těšín Silesia. In interesting cases, comparison with contemporary Czech and other Slavic languages is also carried out.

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Baldwin, Dare A. "Interpersonal Understanding Fuels Knowledge Acquisition." Current Directions in Psychological Science 9, no. 2 (April 2000): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00057.

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Beginning in infancy, humans acquire knowledge at a pace far outstripping that found in any other species. Recent evidence indicates that interpersonal understanding—in particular, skill at inferring others' intentions—plays a pivotal role in this achievement. Infants as young as 12 to 18 months actively utilize clues to others' intentions to guide their interpretation of language, emotion, and action more generally. In the language domain, for example, on hearing a new word, infants spontaneously check the speaker for intentional clues such as gaze direction, emotional expression, gestures, and body posture, and interpret the word in light of such information. By capitalizing on information about intentions, infants are able to avoid a wide range of potential errors, and to quickly learn relevant new skills. Current research is exploring the origins and developmental course of such early-emerging interpersonal skill, ultimately with an eye to understanding how disruptions in such abilities affect children's cognitive and social development.

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Pólos, László, and Michael T. Hannan. "4. Reasoning with Partial Knowledge." Sociological Methodology 32, no. 1 (August 2002): 133–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9531.00114.

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We investigate how sociological argumentation differs from classical first-order logic. We focus on theories about age dependence of organizational mortality. The overall pattern of argument does not comply with the classical monotonicity principle: Adding premises overturns conclusions in an argument. The cause of nonmonotonicity is the need to derive conclusions from partial knowledge. We identify metaprinciples that appear to guide the observed sociological argumentation patterns, and we formalize a semantics to represent them. This semantics yields a new kind of logical consequence relation. We demonstrate that this new logic can reproduce the results of informal sociological theorizing and lead to new insights. It allows us to unify existing theory fragments, and it paves the way toward a complete classical theory. Observed inferential patterns which seem “wrong” according to one notion of inference might just as well signal that the speaker is engaged in correct execution of another style of reasoning. —Johan van Benthem (1996)

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Thompson, Caleb. "Philosophy and Corruption of Language." Philosophy 67, no. 259 (January 1992): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100039802.

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Most people are acquainted with the abuse of language that is involved in political propaganda. They accept that even in the best of times politicians aim, in part, to deceive their listeners, to put a good face on the worst of failures, to play down the successes of their opponents. In a general way, political language aims to guide people's perceptions of conditions and events in a way that is favourable to the interests of a politician and his party, interests which may or may not be consistent with the interest of his listeners. Such language is not meant to engender consideration of issues, but rather to free them from the burden of consideration. In the worst of times there is little or no interest in the fidelity between a speaker and his words and between words and things. The accuracy of language is abandoned in favour of its effect; truth is subordinated to ambition.

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Shelena Soosay Nathan, Kuan Jung Ying, Lim Hui Wen, and Lim Xin Weoi. "Design of Smart Walking Shoe for Visually Impaired People." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 101, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/aram.101.1.5361.

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Technology helps disabled people to get things done easier and in the case of visually impaired people, technology surely enables them to communicate to the surrounding environment independently. The purpose of this study is to propose design of smart walking shoe for the visually impaired people that incorporated with multi sensors. The main purpose of the proposed smart walking shoe is to guide the visually impaired people in a smarter way rather than using traditional method of walking stick. The smart walking shoe is proposed to be integrated with components such as moisture sensor, ultrasonic sensors, button, DF Player and speaker and Agile method will be used in the development process that involves Brainstorm, Design, Development, Quality Assurance and Deployment phase. The pre-evaluation testing shows that the smart walking shoe is shown to be effective as guiding tool to the visually impaired people to navigate independently. The future studies will be conducted by development and tested in actual environments.

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Oyefeso, Babatunde Olayinka, Akintunde Akintola, Monisola Grace Afolabi, Clement Adesoji Ogunlade, Oluwaseyi Kayode Fadele, and Oluwaseye Micheal Odeniyi. "Influence of the moisture content and speed on the cutting force and energy of tannia cormels." Research in Agricultural Engineering 67, No. 3 (September 27, 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/79/2020-rae.

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This study investigated the influence of the moisture content and speed on the cutting force and energy of tannia cormels using the response surface methodology (RSM). The moisture content and cutting speed were varied over five levels each [95.79, 113.68, 136.68, 168.42, 242.11% moisture content (dry basis) and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mm×min–1, respectively]. The highest and lowest cutting forces were 114.09 and 63.99 N at the corresponding moisture contents of 168.42 and 113.68% and at cutting speeds of 10 and 20 mm×min–1, respectively. The highest and lowest cutting energies of 0.92 and 0.49 J were both obtained at a 136.68% moisture content, at the 10 and 20 mm×min–1 cutting speeds, respectively. The regression models for predicting the cutting force and energy as a function of the cutting speed and moisture content showed that there was no linear relationship between the investigated properties and the independent variables considered which could be attributed to the non-homogeneous nature of tannia cormels. The optimum cutting force and energy were 72.89 N and 0.60 J, respectively, at a 95.79% moisture content and a 22.33 mm×min–1 speed with a desirability of 0.80. These findings could serve as a guide for the development of chipping and cutting machines for tannia cormels.

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Iacobucci, Ilaria, Anna Ferrari, Margherita Perricone, Valentina Robustelli, Cristina Papayannidis, Roberta Zuntini, Maria Chiara Abbenante, et al. "Adult B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BC-ALL) Negative For Recurrent Fusion Genes Are Characterized By a High Complex Genetic Heterogeneity Influencing Prognosis." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2622.2622.

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Abstract Introduction High-resolution genome-wide profiling analysis of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) samples has identified many novel somatic genetic alterations, several of which have clear implications for risk stratification or future therapeutic targeting. However, most of the studies focused on children and therefore a deep molecular characterization of adults is still challenging, especially for those cases lacking recurrent fusion genes. Subjects and Methods In order to shed light on the molecular features of this ALL subgroup, we retrospectively analyzed 28 newly diagnosed BCR-ABL1-negative BCP-ALL subjects (19 males/9 females; median age 41.5 years; negative for known fusion genes) and 28 BCR-ABL1-positive BCP-ALL subjects as a comparison group, since it represents the most frequent genetic subgroup in adults with ALL. In BCR-ABL1-negative ALL karyotype was normal in 10/28 (36%), showed abnormalities in 5/28 (18%) and failed or was not available in 13/28 (46%) cases. The overall survival rate was very poor with a median of 14 months (range, 1-75). We analyzed copy number alterations (CNA) of IKZF1, CDKN2A/B, PAX5, EBF1, ETV6, BTG1, RB1, and genes within PAR1: CRLF2, CSF2RA, IL3RA by the SALSA MLPA kit P335 IKZF1 (MRC Holland). In addition, mutation status was assessed for TP53, CRLF2, JAK2, LEF1, PAX5 and IL7R by next-generation deep-sequencing (NGS) (Roche Applied Science; IRON-II study oligonucleotide primer plates). Positivity for newly described BCR-JAK2, PAX5-JAK2, ETV6-ABL1, EBF1-PDGFRB, NUP-ABL1 gene fusions occurring in BCR-ABL1-like ALL (Roberts KG et al., Cancer Cell. 2012) was assessed by PCR amplification and sequencing. Finally, SNP arrays (SNP 6.0, Affymetrix) and gene expression profile analyses (GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0) were performed to more fully assess genomic complexity. Results Overall, 76% of BCR-ABL1-negative subjects showed an abnormality of at least one of the analyzed genes: 7 (25%) had one, 4 (14%) had two, 6 (21%) had three, and 6 (21%) had four or more alterations. In subjects showing no abnormalities, SNP arrays analysis revealed amplifications of chromosome 1q in 2/6 cases (33%). Deletions of CDKN2A/B were the most frequent (39%) and in 73%, they occurred together with other abnormalities, suggesting that multiple events are needed to induce the full leukemia phenotype. Other common CNA included: deletions of IKZF1 (25%), ETV6 (25%), PAX5 (14%), EBF1 (11%), PAR1 region (11%) and RB1 (7%). NGS showed mutations of TP53 in 18% of cases (W147*, V172L/G, G245C, Del244-246, D259Y), while JAK2 and CRLF2 were mutated in 7% (R683S/G) and 4% (F232C), respectively. No positivity for newly described fusion genes activating tyrosine kinase was confirmed. Importantly, subjects with no abnormalities showed better survival rates compared to those with one or more molecular alterations (p < 0.01). The BCR-ABL1-positive subgroup shared the same CNA of BCR-ABL1-negative cases, such as deletions of IKZF1 (71%), CDKN2A/B (21%), PAX5 (14%), BTG1 (11%), EBF1 (11%), and ETV6 (4%), but they did not show mutations in the analyzed genes. Conclusions BCP-ALL lacking recurrent fusion genes is a highly heterogeneous and complex disease. Current diagnostic procedures need to be revised to improve risk assessment and to guide therapeutic decisions. Supported by AIL, AIRC, PRIN 2010-2011, Programma Ricerca Regione-Università 2010-2012, FP7 “NGS-PTL” project. Disclosures: Soverini: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; ARIAD: Consultancy. Chiaretti:Roche Diagnostics: Research Support Other. Kohlmann:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment; Roche Diagnostics: Honoraria. Martinelli:Novartis: Consultancy, Speaker fees Other; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Speaker fees, Speaker fees Other; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speaker fees, Speaker fees Other; Ariad: Consultancy, Speaker fees, Speaker fees Other.

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Carubbi, F., P. Bosch, P. M. Machado, C. A. Scirè, A. Alunno, X. Baraliakos, and C. Dejaco. "AB1083 CURRENT PRACTICE AND OPINIONS ON IMAGING-GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES IN RHEUMATIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES: INTERIM RESULTS OF A MULTINATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY SURVEY TO INFORM EULAR POINTS TO CONSIDER." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1830.2–1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6070.

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Background:maging is widely used for diagnostic purposes in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). In recent years, it is increasingly used also to guide interventional procedures. However, the extent of imaging application for this purpose as well as the different technical standards employed across Europe are not known.Objectives:To learn how much imaging is used for interventional procedures in RMDs. To explore the technical standards employed in different settings and how important they are rated by users.Methods:As part of the work of a multidisciplinary EULAR Task Force to develop recommendations for the use of imaging to guide interventional procedures in patients with RMDs, a survey was developed. The survey explored aspects of different interventional procedures (e.g. joint aspiration/injection) such as the use of imaging guide and the technical standards. Respondents provided also a 0-10 rating of how important they considered the same conditions/items with regard to each procedure. The survey was distributed to: rheumatologists across Europe, USA, Central America, South America, Asia and Pacific Area, HPs across Europe, European and American associations of other specialities (e.g. radiology, anaesthesiology). The survey was launched in December 2019. Interim results after 4 weeks are presented.Results:200 responses from 36 countries were collected. The respondents were mainly rheumatologists (90%) (Figure 1). 90% of respondents performed interventional procedures related to RMDs and of these, 76% use imaging guide. Ultrasonography (US) is the most commonly used technique (96%) followed by X-ray/fluoroscopy (13%). Among respondents using imaging guide, 60% received training on both imaging and imaging-guided procedures, 20% only on imaging and 16% no training. 49% of respondents perform the whole procedure using direct image guidance, 21% use imaging to find the appropriate anatomical landmark and then perform the procedure blindly. Air and contrast agent to control needle placement are rarely used (≤20%). Respondents provided also a rating (0-10) of how important they considered different technical conditions/items for each procedure and an estimate on a Likert scale of how often they used them for each of the procedures (Figure 1 shows an example). In most cases respondents use always/most of the times the conditions/items that they considered important. Discrepancies were mainly due to barriers at their own center.Conclusion:Imaging, mainly US, is widely used to guide interventional procedures. However, training is not homogeneous and the use of imaging guide as well as technical conditions are based on the operator’s opinion/experience. This survey will inform the EULAR points to consider for the use of imaging to guide interventional procedures in patients with RMDs.Table 1.Characteristics of respondents (n=200) NN%Age≤ 30381931 –35562836 – 39502540 - 493316.5≥ 502311.5GenderFemale8944.5Male11155.5Specialty/PositionRheumatology18090Radiology115Physical medicine and rehabilitation31.5Pediatrics42Non-clinical researcher31.5Health professionals31.5Other31.5Disclosure of Interests:Francesco Carubbi Speakers bureau: Francesco Carubbi received speaker honoraria from Abbvie and Celgene outside this work., Philipp Bosch: None declared, Pedro M Machado Consultant of: PMM: Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Speakers bureau: PMM: Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Carlo Alberto Scirè: None declared, Alessia Alunno: None declared, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Christian Dejaco: None declared

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Pandung, Maria Ariyanti, and I. Nyoman Sukma Arida. "Praktik Ekowisata Di Kampung Waerebo Kabupaten Manggarai, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 5, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2017.v05.i01.p15.

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The purpose of this research was to determine ecotourism practice in Wae Rebo Village and to determine involvement of stakeholder such as local community, government, and investor. This research was conducted in Wae Rebo village with a survey method. Data was collected through observation and in-depth interviews to the informan. Speaker retrieval method is random with interviewing stackeholders such as adviser of LPBW (Lembaga Pelestarian Budaya Waerebo) all at once representation of young generation and owner of travel agent, representation of guide community, representation of souvenir seller community, representation of local community, representation of homestay owner, and representation of tourism departement as a section head of tourism destination development. The data were analyzed using the ecotourism concept according to Fennel (Arida, 2009) and World Conservation Union (WCU in Arida, 2009). These results indicate that ecotourism practices in Wae Rebo Village have happened agree with ecotourism concept and ecotourism principle. Local community have a big role in the management of that gets a lot of help from various travel agent in promoting Wae Rebo. Keywords: ecotourism, organizer, local community

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Lim, Rex A., and Riceli C. Mendoza. "Speech Acts Analysis of the Utterances in the Game of Thrones." Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences 17 (January 1, 2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.57200/apjsbs.v17i2599-4891.225.

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Understanding how speech acts works in conversation is significant. A positiveexpression may be deemed an insult depending on the shared background knowledgeof the interlocutors. Thus, this study aimed to identify the speech acts embedded in theutterances of the characters of the Game of Thrones. A descriptive qualitative research wasused employing speech acts theory as a guide for analysis. The locutionary acts found in theutterances dominantly indicated a fall intonation contour despite the change of intentionof the speaker which indicates that the characters are conscious of the utterance, arearistocrats and are educated who know how to hold their temper in worst circumstances.The illocutionary acts in the utterances are dominantly assertive, followed by commissive,directive, expressive, and declarative. This implies that the characters of the Game of Thronesoften express a statement of either fact or opinion and less of a declaration. The actualperceived perlocutionary acts are dependent on the interpretation of the interlocutors inthe utterances of the characters. These findings revealed that the discourse elements of theGame of Thrones resemble daily communicative acts of actual interactions.

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Shriberg, Elizabeth. "To ‘errrr’ is human: ecology and acoustics of speech disfluencies." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 31, no. 1 (June 2001): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100301001128.

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Unlike read or laboratory speech, spontaneous speech contains high rates of disfluencies (e.g. repetitions, repairs, filled pauses, false starts). This paper aims to promote ‘disfluency awareness’ especially in the field of phonetics –which has much to offer in the way of increasing our understanding of these phenomena. Two broad claims are made, based on analyses of disfluencies in different corpora of spontaneous American English speech. First, an Ecology Claim suggests that disfluencies are related to aspects of the speaking environments in which they arise. The claim is supported by evidence from task effects, location analyses, speaker effects and sociolinguistic effects. Second, an Acoustics Claim argues that disfluency has consequences for phonetic and prosodic aspects of speech that are not represented in the speech patterns of laboratory speech. Such effects include modifications in segment durations, intonation, voice quality, vowel quality and coarticulation patterns. The ecological and acoustic evidence provide insights about human language production in real-world contexts. Such evidence can also guide methods for the processing of spontaneous speech in automatic speech recognition applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Guido in Speyer'

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