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1
Indest, Michael Oscar Jr. "Internship for the Metropolitan Opera Guild." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/aa_rpts/4.
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The following report documents the internship performed by Michael Indest, Jr. at the Metropolitan Opera Guild in New York City. Since 1935, the Metropolitan Opera Guild has supported the Metropolitan Opera Association as a separate nonprofit organization in order to ensure the continuing survival of this esteemed opera company. The Guild operates from its office buildings in the Rose Building at 70 Lincoln Center Plaza, in New York City. During his time at the Rose Building, Mr. Indest worked closely with the Development and Education Departments, and was responsible for writing instructional study guides and grant appropriate materials for those departments. This report catalogues the duties performed by Mr. Indest and the scope of his contribution. It discusses issues encountered during that process, and also provides a SWOT analysis of the organization. The report examines the best practices performed by similar organizations and provides practical recommendations to foster increased effectiveness within the Guild. Finally, the report discusses Mr. Indest's contributions as an intern and their short and long-term effects. It should also be noted that Mr. Indest's experience was solely with the Guild, and the statements and analysis included in this report do not in any way reflect the practices of the Metropolitan Opera Association.
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Lewis, Colin A. "The Guild comes of age! Peals and quarters at South African Guild meetings, 1988-2008. Part 1." The Ringing World, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012386.
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The founding meeting of the South African Guild was held in Grahamstown during the first weekend of July 1988. Dedication of the bells and new frame at Grahamstown cathedral marked the completion of the first Guild project to ensure that all rings of bells in South Africa were in good condition. This first part of the article takes us up to the completion of the Grahamstown restoration.Colin Lewis was Professor of Geography at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa from 1989 until his retirement at the end of 2007. In 1990, with the strong support of the incumbent Vice-Chancellor, Dr Derek Henderson, he instigated the Certificate in Change Ringing (Church Bell Ringing) in the Rhodes University Department of Music and Musicology - the first such course to be offered in Africa. Since that date he has lectured in the basic theory, and taught the practice of change ringing. He is the Ringing Master of the Cathedral of St Michael and St George, Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Taylor, G. W. "A.R. Orage, The New Age and Guild Socialism." Thesis, Swansea University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639164.
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This study does not purport to be an intellectual biography of Orage, nor does it claim to comprehend Guild Socialism in all of its forms. It is, rather, an attempt to analyse the influence of A.R. Orage and The New Age upon the development of Guild Socialist ideas. The first part of the study deals with the influence of Orage upon the development of Guild Socialism in The New Age. It concentrates upon the relationship between his philosophical and political ideas, and argues that the tension between his search for the spiritual liberation of the individual and his hopes for the liberation of the national character had significant repercussions on his relations with the guildsmen of The New Age. This is illustrated by focussing upon his dialogues with A.J. Penty, S.G. Hobson, Ramiro de Maeztu and Major C.H. Douglas. We find that Orage travelled through so many forms of Guild Socialism because none of his associates were able to satisfy his philosophical and political aspirations. The thesis then moves on to trace some of the ideas developed by Orage and The New Age and attempts to evaluate their impact upon two other Guild Socialist organisations. This section deals with selected themes and focuses, in particular, upon economic ideas, conceptions of the state, and industrial policies. It begins with an analysis of G.D.H. Cole and the National Guilds League, and concludes with chapters on Maurice Reckitt and the Church Socialist League. It is argued that Orage and his associates in The New Age were important in both the origins and development of Guild Socialism. In particular, they were responsible for developing 'right wing' ideas which attracted influential sections of the movement.
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Sandlin, Elizabeth Ann. "Information use and species interactions in a hummingbird guild." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282865.
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How might an individual's ability to learn environmental information affect competitive interactions among species? Learned behavior can influence foraging decisions. Competition for food resources can influence patterns of species coexistence via habitat selection. I wondered if both learned behavior and competition might act together to influence interactions among species. I used Rosenzweig's shared-preference isoleg theory to predict four possible ways that differences in environmental information could affect density-dependent habitat selection. To test these predictions, I conducted field experiments to examine the foraging behavior of free-living hummingbirds. I studied black-chinned (Archilochus alexandri), blue-throated (Lampornis clemenciae), and magnificent (Eugenes fulgens) hummingbirds where they coexist in the Chiricahua Mts. of Southeastern AZ. I gave hummingbirds two types of habitats (rich and poor feeders) and let them learn to associate colors with feeder quality. I confirmed that learned color associations can increase hummingbird foraging efficiency. All birds shared a preference for the rich feeders. However, they will shift their preference toward poor feeders when competitor densities are high (Pimm et al. 1985). I quantified hummingbirds' preferences for the rich feeders when both competitor densities and information (via learned color cues) varied. The data support my fourth prediction---that birds foraging with complete information enjoy reduced negative effects from competition. Without complete information, the two subordinate species (black-chinned and magnificent) shifted their preference away from rich feeders in response to high densities of the dominant species (blue-throated). Each subordinate shifted in a unique way; the black-chinned reduced its foraging efficiency, while the magnificent reduced its total foraging time. Birds foraging with complete information remained highly selective on rich feeders even with high competitor densities. Thus, learned information affected competitive interactions (for rich feeders) among these species. My results require us to consider the information-gathering (e.g., learning) abilities of individual decision-makers when we evaluate density-dependent habitat selection. These results should help us better explain patterns of species diversity and distribution, especially for cases in which species learn environmental cues. This study provides the first demonstration, either theoretically or empirically, of a link between learned behavior and its cascading effects within a guild of coexisting species.
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Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko. "Regeneration dynamics of a sub-dominant tree Aesculus turbinata in a beechdominated forest : Interactions between large-seeded tree guild and seed/seedling consumer guild." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181995.
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Davies, Matthew P. "The tailors of London and their guild, c.1300-1500." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:577c6a65-92cb-4f30-b4fd-e123096dbf43.
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This thesis examines the roles played by craft organisations or 'guilds' in medieval urban society through a case study of the tailors of London in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Using the records of the City and of the guilds themselves, including the important early records of the Tailors, this study seeks to answer important questions about the nature of these organisations and the impact which they had upon urban society. Far from being the mere 'agents' of municipal governments, craft guilds often performed important and constructive functions on behalf of the artisans themselves. The first two chapters examine the extent to which voluntarism characterized the activities of many of these associations: the guild of London tailors, though unusual in the scale and scope of its spiritual and charitable provision, embodied widely shared principles of association which were not articulated solely through parish guilds. Subsequent chapters look at the ways in which the Tailors' guild expressed and articulated other concerns of their members and those outside the ruling guild: in the sphere of City politics, for instance, the Tailors came to represent the aspirations of many poorer citizens through their struggle for civic prominence. Likewise, in the sphere of economic regulation, this thesis demonstrates the ways in which the Tailors' guild, among others, was able to introduce flexible and pragmatic policies of enforcement, based upon the shared interests of those inside and outside the decision-making groups. The final section of the thesis then examines more closely the limitations of impressions of economic structures derived purely from guild statutes. First, the nature of apprenticeship and servanthood in medieval London is examined with particular emphasis upon the differing perceptions of these 'life-cycle institutions' by all concerned. Secondly, a systematic analysis of the structure of the tailoring industry in London is carried out and explores the remarkable diversity of economic life in the capital.
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Firmiano, Luana Paula Santos da silva. "Impacto da resolução de atributos funcionais de hábito alimentar em padrões de diversidade funcional das assembleias de peixes tropicais." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1482.
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Community descriptors based on attributes have been widely used to make inferences about mounting rules in a community. The level of discrimination used to identify attributes (resolution) influence the estimates of diversity at the community level. Thus, the practical decisions about how the attributes are measured may have repercussions on the patterns of diversity and its correlation with forecast variables. We have developed a framework to evaluate: i) how much information is lost when the resolution on the measurement of performance is reduced, and; II) to what extent the morphological characteristics and phylogeny can be used as a substitute for strategy. We tested also the resolution on the measurement of attributes affects the ability to discriminate different functional diversity marine habitats. We used empirical data from the community of marine fish and correlate with the array of more detailed resolution diet (proportion of food items in the stomach contents of the collected specimens) with matrices (for par) on different resolutions of diet (trophic array based on secondary data; in primary data; primary data of presence and absence of diet food items; primary data as the 0 , 1 and 2 according to itensde foods of importance), eco-morphology and phylogeny. We will then use a functional diversity index (FD) between three regions (influenced by the reef, lagoon and estuary) using different resolutions of attributes, phylogeny and ecomorphology. Phylogeny and ecomorfológicas characteristics were not correlated with the food strategy of the species. However, there was a strong correlation (0.7) between maximum resolution and diet data obtained at the expense of lower resolutions data. Significantly, the resolution was the only one able to discriminate different tropical habitats. These results do not support the use of substitutes for trophic characteristics and highlights the importance the resolution of trophic attributes as a measure to be considered in studies of functional diversity.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Descritores da comunidade baseada em atributos têm sido amplamente utilizados para fazer inferências sobre regras de montagem em uma comunidade. O nível de discriminação usado para identificar atributos (resolução) influencia as estimativas de diversidade ao nível da comunidade. Assim, as decisões práticas sobre como os atributos serão medidos pode ter consequências sobre os padrões de diversidade e sua correlação com variáveis de previsão. Nós desenvolvemos um framework para avaliar: i) quanta informação é perdida quando a resolução na medição de características funcionais é reduzida, e; ii) até que ponto as características morfológicas e filogenia podem ser usados como substitutos de estratégia de alimentação. Nós testamos também se a resolução na medição de atributos afeta a capacidade da diversidade funcional em discriminar diferentes habitats marinhos. Foram utilizados dados empíricos da comunidade de peixes marinhos e correlacionamos com a matriz da resolução mais detalhada de dieta (proporção de itens alimentares no conteúdo estomacal dos exemplares coletados) com as matrizes (par a par) em diferentes resoluções da dieta (matriz trófica com base em dados secundários; em dados primários; dados primários de dieta com presença e ausência de itens alimentares; dados primários como a 0, 1 e 2 de acordo com itensde alimentos de importância), ecomorfologia e filogenia. Nós, então, utilizamos um índice de diversidade funcional (FD) entre três regiões marinhas (influenciado pelo recife, lagoa e estuário) usando diferentes resoluções de atributos, filogenia e ecomorfologia. Filogenia e características ecomorfológicas não foram correlacionadas com a estratégia alimentar das espécies. No entanto, houve uma forte correlação (0,7) entre resolução máxima e dieta obtida por dados, em detrimento a dados de resoluções mais baixas. Significativamente, a resolução foi a única capaz de discriminar diferentes habitats tropicais. Esses resultados não suportam o uso de substitutos para características tróficas e destaca a importância da resolução de atributos tróficos como medida a ser considerada em estudos de diversidade funcional.
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McKercher, Catherine. "From Newspaper Guild to multimedia union, a study in labour convergence." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ47722.pdf.
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Hitchmough, Ruth Wendy. "Studies in the symbolism and spirituality of the arts and crafts movement." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340859.
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Miller, Owen. "The silk merchants of the Myonjujon : Guild and Government in late choson Korea." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497535.
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Field, J. P. "Provisioning strategies, intraspecific parasitism and guild structure in solitary wasps (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae, Pompilidae)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233015.
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Group-living, within the Hymenoptera, is restricted to taxa in which females return to their nests repeatedly with food for their offspring (multiple provisioning), increasing the opportunities for helping (e.g. by guarding the nest). Some solitary wasps provide only one large prey item per cell (single provisioning). Ammophila sabulosa (Sphecidae) females provision half of their cells singly and half multiply. The costs and benefits of these two alternatives are compared in terms of : a. Total weight of prey (caterpillars) provided. b. Time taken to capture and transport prey. c. The probability of intraspecific theft of prey from cells. d. The incidence of parasitism by miltogrammine flies. There is no evidence that either strategy is more successful than the other. An advantage of flexible provisioning is suggested by a study of Anoplius viaticus (Pompilidae), females of which provision all cells singly with spiders. Despite provisioning prey of a smaller size range than does Ammophila, total prey weight in Anoplius cells is more variable and dependent upon seasonal changes in prey availability. Ammophila females steal caterpillars from each others' nests, and both they and Anoplius females brood-parasitize cells of conspecifics. Intraspecific parasitism as an alternative nesting strategy is discussed and compared with work on other solitary wasps. Patterns of resource utilization are documented for the guild of spider-hunting pompilid wasps at one site. Data were collected on : a. Microhabitat utilization. b. Seasonal occurrence. c. Female size distributions. d. Prey species and sizes. Observed patterns of utilization and overlap are compared with 'neutral' models of guild structure in which various aspects of the species x resources utilized matrix are randomized. Some of the results are consistent with the idea that interspecific competition has partly determined pompilid guild structure, but problems of methodology and interpretation are discussed.
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Newton, Russell William Dennis. "Godliness unveiled : William Guild, biblical types, and Reformed Protestantism in Early Modern Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31172.
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This thesis examines how biblical typology was used in early modern Scotland. It focuses on the works of the Aberdonian minister and theologian, William Guild (1586–1657), who was one of the most prominent seventeenth-‐century typological exegetes. His handbook, Moses Unvailed (1620), has been repeatedly noted as one of the key works in the development of Protestant typology. Yet his typological exegesis has not been properly explored. Indeed, detailed analysis of Guild’s life and works has been lacking. This study seeks to address those issues. Chapter One offers an updated biography of Guild, focusing on his intellectual development and religious involvement. Chapter Two provides the first detailed study of the theological influences on, and beliefs undergirding, Moses Unvailed, showing that Guild’s typological exegesis became more Christocentric in the period between 1608 and 1620. Chapters Three and Four explore the varied uses of typology in Guild’s sermons, biblical study aids, polemical works, and political treatises, drawing comparisons with his Scottish contemporaries. Chapter Three examines how typology was used in works addressed to godly audiences, while Chapter Four focuses on how typology was used in works aimed at theological opponents and political authorities. These chapters suggest that typology was consistently used – either directly or indirectly – to edify Reformed Protestants. Chapter Five turns to Guild’s commentaries to consider how typology related to allegorical, moral, and prophetic exegesis. This chapter argues that while typology was rarely Guild’s primary interpretative approach it still served vital functions in allowing him to reinforce, clarify, and expand his expositions. This thesis provides the first study of early modern typology in a Scottish context and also represents the most detailed engagement with Guild’s works to date. It challenges the divisions that have been drawn by scholars between different applications of typology and argues that Guild’s distinction between types and comparisons offers a more helpful way of understanding the varied uses of typology in early modern Scotland. From this analysis a clearer understanding of the functions of typology for early modern exegetes emerges. This thesis argues that while, for Guild and his contemporaries, typology served to demonstrate how the Old Testament reveals Christ, they were frequently drawn to this approach because it also gave them a biblically and providentially grounded means of articulating their vision of Protestant godliness.
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McLeod, Ellen Mary Easton Carleton University Dissertation Art History. "Enterprising women and the early history of the Canadian Handicrafts Guild, 1905-1936." Ottawa, 1994.
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COLLIER, Carolina Alves. "Dinâmica da partilha dos recursos alimentares entre peixes piscívoros numa lagoa do semiárido brasileiro." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2012. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5411.
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The dynamics of resource partitioning among species from the same trophic guild, reduces competition and allows coexistence between them. Such sharing can result from different environmental performance and morphological changes resulting from the differential use of food resources. In this study, we evaluated the dynamic of partitioning of food resources in a guild of piscivorous fish, considering the ecomorphology and feeding of the species. Samples were collected monthly, between March/2007 and February/2008, the pond Curralinho, inserted in the semiaridnortheast. We evaluated the five most abundant species ofpiscivorous guild, and they are Acestrorhynchus lacustris, Acestrorhynchus britskii, Hoplias malabaricus, Pygocentrus piraya e Serrasalmus brandtii. The association of the informations trophics and ecomorphologicals of the evaluated piscivores resulted in similar patterns of clustering, demonstrating that the species that used different food resources, also possessed distinct morphological. The first group focused concentrated the two Serrasalminae species, while the second contained Hoplias malabaricus and two species of Acestrorhynchus. Among the species of Serrasalminae and Acestrorhynchus, morphological changes were not observed. However, among the members of Serrasalminae differences were observed in the strategies and food preferences, indicating a partitioning of resources between them. Such sharing can be evidenced by the intermediate value of dietary overlap between these two species. The food overlap index shows high values just within the group formed by H malabaricus and the two Acestrorhynchus species, however H. malabaricus differed in their strategy and food preference, which can contribute to reducing the potentialcompetitive with Acestrorhynchus. Just between the two species Acestrorhynchus did not show differences in strategy and food preference, indicating that theyhad the highest competitive potential between piscivorous evaluated. We emphasize the importance of the concomitant use of analysis ecomorphological and feeding, which is essential to a better understanding of the real trophic sharing.
A dinâmica da partilha de recursos, entre espécies de uma mesma guilda trófica, reduz a competição e possibilita a coexistência entre elas. Essa partilha pode decorrer do desempenho ecológico diferenciado resultante de variações morfológicas e da utilização diferenciada dos recursos alimentares. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a dinâmica da partilha de recursos alimentares numa guilda de peixes piscívoros, considerando a ecomorfologia e alimentação das espécies. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, entre março/2007 e fevereiro/2008, na lagoa Curralinho, inserida no semiárido nordestino. Foram avaliadas as cinco espécies mais abundantes da guilda dos piscívoros, sendo elas Acestrorhynchus lacustris, Acestrorhynchus britskii, Hoplias malabaricus, Pygocentrus piraya e Serrasalmus brandtii. A associação das informações ecomorfológicas e tróficas dos piscívoros avaliados resultou em padrões similares de agrupamento, demonstrando que as espécies que utilizaram recursos alimentares diferenciados, também possuíram padrões morfológicos distintos. O primeiro grupo concentrou as duas espécies de Serrasalminae, enquanto o segundo conteve Hoplias malabaricus e as duas espécies de Acestrorhynchus. Entre as espécies de Serrasalminae e Acestrorhynchus não foram observadas variações morfológicas. No entanto, entre os integrantes de Serrasalminae, foram observadas diferenças nas estratégias e preferências alimentares, indicando uma partilha dos recursos entre elas. Essa partilha pode ser evidenciada pelo valor intermediário de sobreposição alimentar entre estas duas espécies. O índice de sobreposição alimentar apresentou altos valores apenas dentro do grupo formado por H. malabaricus e as duas espécies de Acestrorhynchus,, entretanto H. malabaricus diferiu em sua estratégia e preferência alimentar, o que pode contribuir para a redução do potencial competitivo com Acestrorhynchus. Apenas entre as duas espécies de Acestrorhynchus não foram evidenciadas diferenças na estratégia e preferência alimentar, indicando que elas apresentaram o mais elevado potencial competitivo entre os piscívoros avaliados. Ressaltamos a importância da utilização concomitante de análises ecomorfológicas e de alimentação, que são indispensáveis para uma melhor compreensão da real partilha trófica.
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Miranda, Botello-Gut Beatrice Miranda Botello-Gut Beatrice Miranda Botello-Gut Beatrice. "Space use of sympatric woodpecker species: Implications for habitat use analysis and guild structure /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16831.
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Hibbard, Perry Richard 1954. "The foraging behavior of a guild of insectivorous birds in three structurally different communities." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278035.
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The foraging behavior of six species of insectivorous foliage-gleaning birds was studied in three different communities in Arizona to examine the role of resource partitioning in coexistence. I recorded data during winter and spring, the harshest seasons. Two to four species coexisted in each community. I recorded plant species, plant life-form, foraging height, plant portion, perch size, capture size, capture technique, and foraging rate. Foraging behavior was compared to the plant distribution profile, interspecifically among sympatric guild members within a season, intraspecifically between seasons, and intraspecifically between communities within a season. Species differed most in plant species selected, foraging height, and capture technique, and varied the least in plant portion, perch site, and capture site. All species overlapped in most behaviors, but differed from other guild members in at least two foraging variables. Permanent residents showed the greatest differences. These findings are consistent with niche complementarity and the idea that competition has led to partitioning of the resources. However, other hypotheses cannot be ruled out.
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Eeles, Robert Martin George. "Abundance, diversity, community structure and mobility of moths in farmland." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387854.
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Changes in macro-moth populations related to habitat creation were monitored using light-traps between 1993 and 1995 on low-lying, previously intensively managed, arable land at College Farm, Long Wittenham, Oxfordshire (grid reference SU 554 939). Research measured the effects of the establishment of set-aside and agro-forestry in farmland on macro-moth abundance, diversity, guild and seral structure. College Farm data from the newly created habitats were compared with unchanging and established ones within the Farm, a nearby Garden (500 metres away at Long Wittenham) sampled concurrently, and data from other farmland, gardens and woodland sites. Mobility was measured within College Farm and between it and the Garden at Long Wittenham. Large numbers of moths, of a comparatively small number of ubiquitous species, were found within College Farm. Abundance, which can be as high as in woodlands, indicated that the farmland environment is less hostile to moths than has been previously thought. Analyses showed rapid and large increases of abundance in the newly created habitats on College Farm related to the establishment of a more diverse and architecturally more complex ground flora. The differences in abundance between the Farm and Garden, where moths were generally more numerous but which were sampled with more effective light traps, progressively decreased throughout the research period. Changes 10 abundance were less marked in the Garden in line with regional population changes. Species richness was low on College Farm in comparison to woodlands and gardens. Within the Farm it was highest along a linear drainage Ditch but increased rapidly in a tree Plantation in association with greater diversity of the ground flora. Species richness was found to be constant between years in the Garden. Both the Farm and Garden and other sites investigated in Oxfordshire and elsewhere in Britain exhibited constant species proportions within the larger families, sub-families and genera. Alpha diversity was constant for the Farm as a whole and for the Garden (and did not increase after the first field season at either site) but was found to increase significantly in a tree Plantation in the second year after its establishment. Removal of vagrant species and individuals from analyses of the Farm and Garden totals showed that alpha diversity increased for the Farm (but not the Garden) between 1993 and 1995. Diversity, dominance, evenness and dissimilarity measures showed distinct habitat differences on the Farm and that the tree Plantation improved to a similar state to that of the permanent Ditch in its second year. These improvements were not associated with the presence of trees but were related to increased herb diversity and complexity. Intensive management in the Plantation in 1995 resulted in reductions in diversity. Analyses of guild structure showed that herb feeding individuals were most abundant in a tree Plantation, associated with the ground flora, and that grass feeders dominated the catches in a Barley-field, along a drainage Ditch and in a field of Set-aside. There were some marked changes between years with grass feeders contributing greater numbers to all habitat totals, being greatest in 1995. Abundance changed asynchronously and disproportionally for herb, grass and polyphagous guilds on the Farm in comparison to the changes in the Garden indicating that habitat creation was the cause. The proportions of herb, grass, woody-plant, polyphagous and other moth species were found to be constant on the Farm and in the Garden and in all other habitats investigated. Species represented by fewer than 10 individuals on the Farm and fewer than 100 individuals in the Garden were found to comprise the vagrant fraction of their, respective, totals. The majority of woody-plant feeding species and the guild 'others' were contained within this fraction. There was no evidence for an increase in abundance or species richness of woody-plant feeders as a consequence of tree planting on the Farm. The majority of individuals on the Farm and in the Garden were representatives from early seral communities. Almost all others were contained within the vagrant fraction of the faunas in these sites. Abundance changed asynchronously and disproportionally for early seres on the Farm in comparison to the changes in the Garden indicating that habitat creation was the cause. Species proportions within all seres were found to be constant on the Farm, in the Garden and in other habitats investigated. Mark-release-recapture studies showed that certain species arc highly mobile in farmland, others are comparatively poorly mobile, and that patterns of mobility change (mobility between Farm habitats increased each year for some species) in association with habitat creation. Moths increasingly remained within the Farm as evidenced by progressive increases in recapture proportions there, progressive decreases in recaptures of Farm marked moths in the Garden, and increasing proportions of multiple recaptures.
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Knight, Kelvin James Nicholas. "The myth of functional representation : neo-corporatism, guild socialism, citizenship and the concept of function." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392616.
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This dissertation is concerned with criticizing the conventional concept of functional representation, and with outlining an alternative concept. The conventional concept of functional representation is criticized for the theoretical inadequacy of its constituent concept of social function, which -derives from apolitical and holistic assumptions. The alternative concept of functional representation is constituted in terms of purposeful associational action within plural societies. Part I includes a critique of neo-corporatist uses of the concept of functional representation, exploring works by Samuel Beer, Alan Cawson, and Charles Anderson. Part II includes a critique of various guild socialist uses of the concept of function elaborated by S. G. Hobson, G. D. H. Cole, R. H. Tawney, and, in particular, Ramiro de Maeztu. Part III outlines a model of functional membership of a purposeful association, using citizenship and the state as its subjects, in the process of which works by Lawrence Mead and certain English philosophical idealists are criticized. An Appendix summarizes some uses of the concept of function in international relations theory.
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Bissett, Charlene. "The feeding and spatial ecologies of the large carnivore guild on Kwandwe Private Game Reserve." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006195.
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The reintroduction of lions, cheetahs and African wild dogs to Kwandwe Private Game Reserve in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa created the opportunity to study the biology and behaviour of these large carnivores in an enclosed system. The research focused on space utilisation and feeding ecology of the predators, using standard observational methods. Changes in the structure of the carnivore guild, and changes in the prey base that occurred during the study were used as natural experiments to examine factors affecting space use and diet. In general, the diets of the predators were similar to previous studies and prey abundance was more important than prey species size in determining prey selection. Changes in the abundance of certain prey species was matched by a dietary switch in lions from kudu to warthog and an increase in the proportion of springbok kills by the cheetahs. There was no significant difference in the proportions of prey species detected by ad hoc or continuous observations. Core areas occupied by the predators were significantly smaller than home ranges except when females were denning. Home ranges overlapped both within and between species, but there was very little overlap of core areas. An increase in the number of lion prides in the area during the study resulted in an increase in overlap of home ranges of lions and cheetahs, but did not result in a change in home range size. Space use by female cheetahs with cubs increased as the cubs grew older. The use of thicket vegetation by cheetahs decreased with an increase in the number of lion prides. Minimum Daily Energy Expenditure, energy intake and net benefit were calculated for the predators using data from continuous observations. All predators exhibited a large net benefit and the net benefit for single female cheetahs was greater than for the members of the coalition. Net benefit for the alpha pair of African wild dogs was lower than that of the pack.
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O'Brien, John William. "The ecology and management of the large carnivore guild on Shamwari Game Reserve, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002604.
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Shamwari Game Reserve was the first enclosed conservation area in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa to reintroduce free ranging lions, cheetahs, leopards and wild dogs back into their historic range. At that time (2000 – 2001), little information was available on the ecology and behaviour of these predators in the habitats of the Eastern Cape, and management decisions were based on assumptions and unfounded comparisons with extant populations but from quite different habitats. The aim of this study was therefore to obtain a better understanding of the feeding ecology and space use of the predator guild, and the carrying capacity of Shamwari Game Reserve to enable more informed management decisions. In addition, the reserve is a photographic based tourism venture and understanding both the ecological and financial sustainability of the predator guild was important. The diets of the predators were similar to those reported in other studies; larger predators killed a greater range of prey species than did smaller predators and a small number of prey species made up the majority of the kills. The larger predators had a higher mean kill mass than the smaller species and prey selection was influenced by prey size, prey abundance and prey habitat preference, and risk associated with hunting the species. Diet was flexible and responded to natural and management induced changes in prey abundance. There was a considerable overlap in space use by the lions, cheetahs and leopards with their core areas being centred on and around the Bushmans River. Space use was driven by resource distribution and landscape attributes, and by the presence of other predators of the same or different species. The long term viability of wild dog within the reserve was explored and the results confirmed that there was neither the required space nor the ecological processes and the wild dogs were removed from the reserve. A carrying capacity of the reserve for the predator guild was determined using the Maximum Sustainable Yield method to assess the potential prey species off take and a resultant density of 3.3 to 6.6 lion female equivalent units per 10 000 ha was established. The natural carrying capacity of the reserve with respect to predators will not sustain the tourism objectives and consequently prey supplementation was necessary to maintain predator density at levels high enough to sustain tourism. Under these conditions the large predator guild is still sustainable financially although careful, responsible management is needed to provide ecological sustainability.
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Tildesley, Matthew Brinton. "The century guild hobby horse and Oscar Wilde : a study of British little magazines, 1884-1897." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2449/.
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This thesis is a detailed examination of subversive aesthetic and decadent British periodicals from 1884 until 1897. Viewed as cultural documents, the magazines The Century Guild Hobby Horse, The Dial, The Yellow Book and The Savoy are explored with particular reference to their positioning of the artist in relation to society. Major secondary sources are the works of Oscar Wilde and Walter Pater's The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry. The Hobby Horse is viewed as being the origin of a particular discourse on the importance of the artist for society at large, and its editorial bias is examined as being a product of certain Hellenic elements in Oxford of the 1860s and 1870s. Wilde's The Picture of Dorian Gray features heavily in the first section. The book is initially used as a touchstone for exploring the issues of the Socratic master-pupil relationships, clandestine and subversive sexuality, the duality of subversive literary texts, and the transition from aestheticism into decadence, after which Wilde's only novel is shown to have been inspired in part by specific writings within the Hobby Horse itself. The second section examines the importance of Catholicism to a renaissance of the Hellenic within artistic communities of the 1880s and '90s, and the third and final section explores the legacy of these elements of the Hobby Horse in the later magazines The Dial, The Yellow Book and The Savoy. Specific attention is paid to the perceived relationship between Oscar Wilde and the Yellow Book in the final chapters, where the erroneous nature of the supposed links between Wilde and the Yellow Book is exposed, and Wilde's true connection with the little-known Century Guild Hobby Horse is revealed.
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Chugg, Christopher Brian David. "Inter and intraspecific resource partitioning and the foraging niche of the Parus guild in Northern Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342426.
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Lesmeister, Damon B. "FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF A CARNIVORE GUILD IN THE CENTRAL HARDWOOD REGION." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/686.
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Ecological communities are most commonly structured by a mixture of bottom-up processes such as habitat or prey, competition within the same trophic level, and top-down forces from higher trophic levels. Carnivore guilds play a vital role in the broader ecological community by stabilizing or destabilizing food webs. Consequently, factors influencing the structure of carnivore guilds can be critical to patterns in ecosystems. Coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) occur sympatrically throughout much of their geographic ranges in North America and overlap in resource use, indicating potential for interspecific interactions. Although much is known about space use, habitat relationships, and activity patterns of the individual species separately, little is known about factors that facilitate coexistence and how interactions within this guild influence distribution, activity, and survival of the smaller carnivores. For example, gray fox populations appear to have declined in Illinois since the early 1990s and it is unknown if the increase in bobcat and coyote populations during the same time period is the cause. I conducted a large-scale non-invasive carnivore survey using an occupancy modeling framework to quantify factors affecting the structure of this widely-occurring carnivore guild. I used baited remote cameras during 3-week surveys to detect carnivores at 1,118 camera-points in 357 2.6-km2 sections (clusters of 3-4 cameras/section) in the 16 southernmost counties of Illinois (16,058 km2) during January-April, 2008-2010. I collected microhabitat data at each camera-point and landscape-level habitat data for each camera-cluster. In a multi-stage approach, I used information-theoretic methods to develop and evaluate models for detection, species-specific habitat occupancy, multi-species co-occupancy, and multi-season (colonization and extinction) occupancy dynamics. I developed hypotheses for each species regarding the occupancy of areas based on anthropogenic features, prey availability, landscape complexity, and vegetative landcover. I used photographic data, Poisson regression, and mixed-model logistic regression to quantify temporal activity of carnivores in the study area and how interspecific factors influence temporal patterns of activity. Of the 102,711 photographs of endothermic animals I recorded photographs of bobcats (n = 412 photographs), coyotes (n = 1,397), gray foxes (n = 546), raccoons (n = 40,029), red foxes (n = 149) and striped skunks (n = 2,467). Bobcats were active primarily during crepuscular periods, and their activity was reduced with precipitation and higher temperatures. The probability of detecting bobcats at a camera point decreased after a bobcat photograph was recorded, suggesting avoidance of remote cameras. Across southern Illinois, bobcat occupancy at the camera-point and camera-cluster scale (point = 0.24 ± 0.04, cluster = 0.75 ± 0.06) was negatively influenced by anthropogenic features and infrastructure. Bobcats had high rates of colonization (0.86) and low rates of extinction (0.07) during the study, suggesting an expanding population, but agricultural land was less likely to be colonized. The number of coyote photographs decreased with increased temperature, but increased with previous coyote photographs, suggesting an attraction to bait in cold weather. Nearly all camera clusters were occupied by coyotes (cluster = 0.95 ± 0.03) during the entire study. At the camera-point scale, coyote occupancy (overall point = 0.58 ± 0.03) was higher in hardwood forest stands with open understories than in other habitats. Similar to coyotes, gray foxes were more likely to be photographed in cold weather and after a previous detection had occurred. However, gray fox occupancy was much lower (point = 0.13 ± 0.01, cluster = 0.29 ± 0.03) at all scales. At the camera-cluster scale, with a buffer-area size that represented 20% of the estimated home-range size of gray foxes, the species selected spatially-complex areas with high proportions of forest, and low proportions of grassland and agriculture land cover. Gray fox occupancy of camera clusters was positively related to anthropogenic features within 100% estimated home-range buffers. Collectively, the results suggest gray fox occupancy was greatest near, but not in, anthropogenic developments. Red foxes occupied a similar proportion of the study area as gray foxes (point = 0.12 ± 0.02, cluster = 0.26 ± 0.04), but were more closely associated with anthropogenic features. Indeed, at all three scales of red fox occupancy analysis, anthropogenic feature models received more support than other hypotheses. Camera-cluster extinction probabilities were higher for both gray foxes (0.57) and red foxes (0.35) than their colonization rates (gray fox = 0.16, red fox = 0.06), suggesting both species may be declining in southern Illinois. I recorded more striped skunk photographs in January and February (i.e., during the breeding period) than in March and April. Striped skunks occupied a large portion of the study area (point = 0.47 ± 0.01, cluster = 0.79 ± 0.03) and were associated primarily with anthropogenic features, especially if the features were surrounded by agricultural land and not forest. Raccoons were essentially ubiquitous within the study area, being photographed in 99% of camera clusters. In some instances, the presence of other carnivores appeared to be an important factor in the occupancy of the 4 smaller species, but in general, habitat models were more supported than co-occurrence models. Habitat had a stronger influence on the occupancy of gray foxes and red foxes than did the presence of bobcats. However, the level of red fox activity, represented by the number of photographs recorded in a camera cluster, was negatively correlated with bobcat activity. Gray fox occupancy and level of activity were reduced in camera-clusters occupied by coyotes, but were not related to bobcat occupancy. When not considering the presence of coyotes, gray foxes appeared to use camera points with fewer hardwood and more conifer trees, which was counter to previous findings. However, when adding the effect of coyote presence, gray fox point models indicated a positive relationship with hardwood stands. Therefore, gray foxes were more likely to occupy camera points in hardwood stands than conifer stands if coyotes were also present; suggesting that hardwood stands may enhance gray fox-coyote coexistence. The 2 fox species appeared to co-occur with each other at the camera-point scale more frequently than expected on the basis of their individual selection of habitat. Similarly, camera-point occupancy of red foxes was higher when coyotes were present. These apparent canid associations may be a response to locally-high prey abundance or an unmeasured habitat variable. Activity levels of raccoons, bobcats, and coyotes were all positively correlated. Collectively, my results suggest that although gray foxes and red foxes currently coexist with bobcats and coyotes, the foxes have reduced activity in the areas occupied by larger carnivores, especially when bobcats and coyotes are highly active. Further, hardwood stands may contain trees with structure that enhances tree-climbing by gray foxes, a behavior that probably facilitates coexistence with coyotes. Therefore, efforts to manage gray foxes should focus on maintaining and increasing the amount of mature oak-hickory forest, which presumably provides a suitable prey base and refugia from intraguild predation. Additionally, the varying results from different scales of analyses underscore the importance of considering multiple spatial scales in carnivore community studies.
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Schonrogge, Karsten. "Dynamics of the guild structure in the parasitoids and inquilines of alien gall wasp, Andricus quercuscalicis Burgsdorf." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11901.
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Robertson, Stuart Charles. "Providing a friend : the Bolton Guild of Help, the poor and the problem of poverty, 1905-1914." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284568.
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Viana, Alessandra da Fonseca. "Hábitos alimentares e análise de sobreposição trófica de elasmobrânquios no litoral sul do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4878.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO presente trabalho analisou o conteúdo estomacal de cinco espécies de elasmobrânquios, sendo 9 estômagos de Psammobatis rutrum, 83 de Psammobatis extenta, 59 de Atlantoraja cyclophora, 112 de Rioraja agassizi e 43 de Rhizoprionodon lalandii, com o objetivo de obter informações sobre os hábitos alimentares dessas espécies, além de verificar a formação de guildas tróficas entre as espécies estudadas. As coletas ocorreram entre janeiro de 2006 e agosto de 2007, no litoral sul do Rio de Janeiro, ao largo da Ilha Grande. Os itens alimentares encontrados foram analisados quanto a Frequência de Ocorrência, Peso Percentual e Índice Alimentar, sendo a dieta de cada espécie avaliada considerando toda amostra, de acordo com o sexo dos indivíduos, estádios de maturidade e épocas do ano. Para investigar a similaridade entre as dietas e verificar a formação de guildas tróficas foi realizada uma Análise de Escalonamento Multidimensional (MDS). As dietas de Psammobatis rutrum e Psammobatis extenta foram consideradas carcino-bentófagas, com grande importância de camarões. O principal item para Atlantoraja cyclophora foi o siri Portunus spinicarpus, sendo a dieta considerada principalmente carcino-bentófaga, mas também com grande importância de teleósteos. Em Rioraja agassizi, a dieta foi considerada principalmente carcino-bentófaga, mas também com forte influência ictiófaga. Já o comportamento alimentar de Rhizoprionodon lalandii foi considerado ictio-bentófago. A dieta entre os sexos apresentou uma alta sobreposição em P. extenta, A. cyclophora e R. lalandii, mas para R. agassizi essa sobreposição foi considerada baixa. Entre os estádios de maturidade a sobreposição foi pequena para P. extenta e R. agassizi, entretanto para A. cyclophora e R. lalandii essa sobreposição foi elevada. Os exemplares maiores, aparentemente apresentaram preferência a se alimentarem de peixes, enquanto que predadores de menor porte se restringem aos invertebrados, basicamente crustáceos. Para todas as espécies foram identificadas alterações sazonais na importância dos itens alimentares, que pode ser explicado pelas oscilações naturais na composição e abundancia das presas potenciais em consequência das variações das massas de água na plataforma continental do sul fluminense. Os resultados indicaram a formação de 2 guildas, sendo a guilda 1 composta por P. rutrum e P extenta e com uma dieta principalmente de crustáceos (camarões) e a guilda 2 composta por A. cyclophora, R. agassizi e R. lalandii apresentando uma alimentação em Crustáceos e em Teleósteos.
This study examined the stomach contents of 9 specimens of Psammobatis rutrum, 83 of Psammobatis extenta, 59 of Atlantoraja cyclophora, 112 of Rioraja agassizi and 43 of Rhizoprionodon lalandii, in order to provide information about the diet of these species, besides verifying the formation of trophic guilds between the species studied. Sampling was carried out off the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro, from January 2006 to August 2007. The food items were analyzed by Frequency of Occurrence, Percentage Weight and Alimentary Index. The diet of each species was evaluated considering the whole sample, according to the sex of the individuals, stages of maturity and seasons. An analysis of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) was performed to investigate the similarity between diets and to verify the formation of trophic guilds among the studied species. Psammobatis rutrum and Psammobatis extenta were considered benthic crustacean feeders. Atlantoraja cyclophora feed mainly in the crab Portunus spinicarpus, but teleosts were also important. The diet of Rioraja agassizi were mainly in crustacean and teleosts and Rhizoprionodon lalandii was considered a benthic teleost feeder. The diet between sexes showed a high overlap for P. extenta, A. cyclophora and R. lalandii, but for R. agassizi this overlap was considered low. Between the maturity stages overlap was low for P. extenta and R. agassizi, however for A. cyclophora and R. lalandii it was high. Apparently, larger specimens showed a preference to feed on fish and smaller predators restricted to invertebrates, mainly crustaceans. For all species were identified seasonal changes in the importance of food items and this can be consequence by natural fluctuations in the composition and abundance of potential prey as a result of variations of water masses on the continental shelf. The results showed that 2 guilds were formed. The guild 1 was composed by P. extenta and P. rutrum, with a diet mainly in crustacea, and the guild 2 was composed by A. cyclophora, R. agassizi and R.lalandii, that feeding on crustacea and teleosts
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Tousseau, Année Vos Tim P. "Framing the writers strike a comparison of newspaper coverage of the 2007-2008 Writers Guild of America strike /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6481.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 19, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Tim P. Vos. Includes bibliographical references.
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Stensson, Einar. "The Social Structure of Massive Multiplayer Online Communities : Investigating the social network of a World of Warcraft guild." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Department of Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-28516.
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The growing role of communication using computers in people’s everyday lives is reflected by the debates about massive multiplayer online role playing games (MMOs) like World of Warcraft and the Internet as a whole. While people may be driven by the same psychological drives that have spurred interaction between people in the past, this interaction is increasingly facilitated with the use of computer mediated communication (CMC). Can strong relations form between people that are separated by great distances in space using CMC? The presence of strong relations in MMOs could open the possibility for MMO communities to thrive.
A social network analysis of a MMO guild with 50 members was conducted using an online survey, which produced a non-response rate of 50 percent. Participants were asked about their age, the time they had spent in the guild and their gender in order to explain the social structure of the networks. They were then asked to state the strength of their relations with each of the other members of the guild on a scale from ―one, neutral‖ to ―five, strong friendship‖. The social network analysis program Pajek was used to investigate the characteristics of the social network using so called sociograms.
The essay concludes that numerous strong relations exist within the guild and that a long time spent in the guild increases the number of strong relations a guild member has. The results show that guilds may form the cohesive backbone of MMO communities and proposes that future research be conducted on the brokerage between guilds in MMO communities in order to produce a comprehensive view of the social structure of MMO communities.
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Kilburn-Toppin, Jasmine. "Crafting artisanal identities in early modern London : the spatial, material and social practices of guild communities c.1560-1640." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2013. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/1356/.
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In recent decades, scholars have begun to substantially reassess the economic and political significance of the craft guilds of sixteenth and seventeenth century London. Revisionist work by economic historians (Epstein and Prak, 2008), has convincingly overturned the notion that guilds were unanimously restrictive of commercial growth, opposed to innovative practices and exploitative of their members. Several political and social studies (Rappaport, 1989; Archer, 1991; Gadd and Wallis, 2002) have demonstrated the dynamic and philanthropic nature of these corporate bodies, which provided avenues for occupational mobility and charitable support; ensuring that London remained stable despite the extraordinary demographic, financial and social pressures of the final decades of the sixteenth century. The longstanding interpretation of ‘guild decline’ in the early modern era has thus been widely problematized and shown to be anachronistic. This thesis proposes a new methodology for examining the craft guilds of late sixteenth and early seventeenth century London, and suggests that the established scholarship has overlooked the significance of artisanal knowledge, skills and identities in the construction of meaningful communities of workshop practitioners, small-scale merchants, and the regulators of the crafts and trades. In this study, the built environments and material artefacts associated with London guilds are considered as active cultural and social agents (Appadurai; Kopytoff, 1986) which both reflected, and in turn reinforced identity formation, and the ritual and political boundaries of communal life. The changing structure of livery halls, their internal configurations and external designs, and the material furnishings and collections gifted, displayed and utilised within these institutional homes, are shown to be essential means through which guildsmen established competing claims for civic authority and professional artisanal accomplishment. Using textual, visual and material evidence from a range of London craft guilds - primarily, but not exclusively, the Goldsmiths’, Armourers’, Carpenters’ and Pewterers’ Companies - this work examines the physical and epistemological place of artisanal cultures, c.1560-1640. It considers the collaborative processes through which workmanship was evaluated by master craftsmen on early modern building sites, and the political and social value of such artisanal skills, techniques and knowledge within their associated livery halls. It is demonstrated that through the donation of visual and material artefacts to company buildings, and their subsequent use in the convivial, political and religious rites of the guilds, craftsmen were able to shape their reputations and post-mortem legacies. Their material gifts and bequests reveal that guild halls were simultaneously sites of memorisation (Archer, 2001), sociability, craft regulation and artisanal innovation. Within communities of living guildsmen, freemen wished to be remembered as affluent civic philanthropists, guardians of illustrious histories and, crucially, as masters of their respective artisanal practices. The changing spatial and material environments of guild halls are shown to be social products of complex organisations, which honoured both commensality and hierarchy; fraternal values and political and epistemological distinctions. The rebuilding projects of the London livery halls are considered in juxtaposition to the strained spatial and political relationships between guild halls and city workshops, and contemporary efforts to uphold the authority of liverymen to inspect artisanal standards and material quality within the wider urban environment.
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Souza, Roseni da Silva. "METAIS TÓXICOS NA ÁGUA E NOS PEIXES EM CURSOS D`ÁGUA PERTENCENTES À BACIA DO RIO TOCANTINS, GOIÁS, BRASIL CENTRAL." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2513.
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-10This study aimed to assess the level of concentration of toxic metals in water (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) and fish (Al, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) from ten sub-basins of the Upper Tocantins River, Goiás State, Central Brazil, from July to August 2008. Each section of the watercourse chosen (50, 500 and 1000m for streams, creeks and rivers, respectively) were georeferenced and demarcated. In these section were sampled water and fish. The water was collected manually at the beginning and end of each section at 50 cm from the surface, then filtered, packaged in bottles and stored at 4 °C. Samples of whole fish or muscle pieces were defrosted, lyophilized, digested and stored in polyethylene bottles previously washed. The determination of the concentration of toxic metals from water samples was performed using the technique of optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICPOES), and this fish was made using the technique of atomic absorption spectrometry method (flame-AAS). After determination of toxic metals in fish muscles, these were classified by trophic guild (omnivorous, invertivorous, detritivorous, piscivorous, insectivorous and herbivorous) through available literature. The Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed no significant differences between the concentrations of toxic metals in water between sub-basins. The comparison of the concentrations of toxic metals present in fish sampled indicated that there were significant differences between the trophic guilds considered for Al (p = 0.0057), Fe (p = 0.0000), Mn (p = 0.0000 ), Pb (p = 0.0001) and Zn (p = 0.0001). The detritivorous had higher concentration of Fe compared to omnivores, and higher concentrations of Al, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in relation to invertivores. The invertivores showed a higher concentration of Mn, Pb, Zn than omnivores. The insectivores have excelled in the concentration of Mn in relation to invertivores and Pb in relation to detritivores. In the case of piscivorous the highest concentration was of Fe and Mn in relation to Mn and detritivorous in relation to omnivores. The correlation analysis between the concentrations of Mn, Pb and Zn indicate that there is no correlation between the water and the fish, whereas positive correlations were observed between the concentrations of Pb and Mn (r = 0. 682834); Zn and Mn (r = 0.716368) and Zn and Pb (r = 0.770089) in sampled fish. It is concluded that the water did not influence directly the contamination of fish by toxic metals, but fish seem to have been contaminated by food, expressed in this study by the trophic guilds.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de concentração de metais tóxicos na água (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb e Zn) e em peixes (Al, Fe, Mn, Pb e Zn) pertencentes a dez sub-bacias do alto rio Tocantins, Goiás, Brasil Central, no período de julho a agosto de 2008. Cada trecho do curso de água escolhido (50, 500 e 1000m para córregos, ribeirões e rios, respectivamente) foi georreferenciado e demarcado. Nesses trechos foram realizadas as coletas de água e peixes. A água foi coletada manualmente no início e no final de cada trecho a 50 cm da superfície, em seguida foi filtrada, acondicionada em frascos e armazenada a 4°C. As amostras de peixes inteiros ou pedaços de músculo foram descongelados e deixados em repouso até atingirem a temperatura ambiente, em seguida foram liofilizados e posteriormente digeridos e estocados em frascos de polietileno previamente lavados. A determinação da concentração dos metais tóxicos das amostras de água foi feita por meio da técnica de espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES), e esta dos peixes foi feito por meio da técnica de espectrometria de absorção atômica modalidade chama (EAA-chama). Após a determinação dos metais tóxicos nos peixes, estes foram classificados por guilda trófica (onívoro, invertívoro, detritívoro, piscívoro, insetívoro e herbívoro) através da literatura. A análise de Kruskal-Wallis indicou que não houve diferenças significativas entre as concentrações de metais tóxicos na água entre as sub-bacias. Já na comparação das concentrações de metais tóxicos existentes nos peixes amostrados verificou-se que houve diferenças significativas entre as guildas tróficas consideradas para Al (p=0,0057); Fe (p= 0,0000); Mn (p=0,0000); Pb (p=0,0001) e Zn (p=0,0001). A guilda dos detritívoros tiveram maior concentração de Fe em relação aos onívoros; e maior concentração de Al, Fe, Mn, Pb e Zn em relação aos invertívoros. Os invertívoros apresentou uma maior concentração de Mn, Pb, Zn que os onívoros. Os insetívoros se destacaram na concentração de Mn em relação aos invertívoros e de Pb em relação aos detritívoros. No caso dos piscívoros a maior concentração foi de Fe e Mn em relação aos detritívoros e Mn em relação aos onívoros. A análise de correlação entre as concentrações dos metais tóxicos Mn, Pb e Zn indicam que não há correlação entre as concentrações dos três metais na água com os peixes, enquanto que são observadas correlações positivas significativas entre as concentrações de Pb e Mn (r=0,682834); Zn e Mn (r=0,716368) e Zn e Pb (r=0,770089) entre os peixes. Neste estudo conclui-se que a água não influenciou diretamente na contaminação dos peixes, os quais parecem terem sido contaminados via alimentação, expressa neste estudo pelas guildas tróficas.
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Beier, Sara. "Bacterial Degradation and Use of Chitin in Aquatic Habitats." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Limnologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-131128.
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Chitin belongs to the most abundant biopolymers on earth where it has an important role as a structural element in crustaceans, insects, fungi and some phytoplankton. Missing evidence for long-term accumulation of chitin in nature implies fast turnover and as chitin is composed of aminosugar subunits it holds central roles in both carbon and nitrogen cycles. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of organic matter cycling by learning more about the diversity, function and ecology of bacteria that degrade chitin. A metagenome-enabled study of the spatial distribution of chitinolytic bacteria in aquatic ecosystems identified salinity as the major environmental factor for shaping their community composition. To address the role of alternative environmental variables controlling chitinolytic communities, a temporally resolved study was completed in a dimictic freshwater lake. Pronounced seasonal change in the indigenous chitinolytic community was observed and parallel measured environmental parameters pointed to the availability and crystalline form of chitin as significant controlling factors. The different ecological niches occupied by microbes that utilize chitin for growth were studied in an experimental study. Single-cell quantification of chitinolytic cells and cells incorporating chitin hydrolysis products suggested that commensal use of chitin hydrolysis products without simultaneous chitinase activity could be an important ecological strategy in freshwater bacterioplankton communities. Members of the ubiquitous and often quantitatively dominant group of freshwater Actinobacteria Ac1 were identified as particularly active in this “cheater” lifestyle. Further experiments based on artificially created gradients in bacterial diversity demonstrated the importance of specific bacterial populations and community composition rather than overall community richness in controlling more specific functions such as chitin and cellulose degradation. To conclude, results of this thesis provide insight into the biogeography, niche-separation and species interactions of the functional community of chitin degraders and the influence of general bacterial diversity to the respective system functioning.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 700
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Hatch, Sarah J. "The governance style of Irl Allison, Sr., as evidenced in documentation of the development of the National Guild of Piano Teachers, 1929-1963." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332797/.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the governance style of Irl Allison, Sr., as evidenced in documentation of the development of the NGPT. The questions guiding the study were to find: (1) how Dr. Allison involved others in the early development of the Guild; (2) whether he resolved issues of importance to the development of the Guild in consultation with others or by himself, and (3) how issues of concern to the membership were resolved.
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Mazanec, Martin. "Kino rekonstrukce filmového prostoru." Doctoral thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-178091.
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Lewis, Colin A. "Book Review: The Hereford Diocesan Guild of Bellringers, 1886-1986: The History of the First Hundred Years by D.John C.Eisel." The Ringing World, 2013. http://ringingworld.co.uk.
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The Hereford DGBR was founded in 1886, mainly at the instigation of two clergymen within the diocese: Rev G. M.Custance of Colwall and Prebendary W. H. Phillott, who was sometime incumbent of Staunton-on-Wye. John Eisel's book traces the formation and development of the Guild. The book also indicates the standard of ringing within the diocesan area before the foundation of the Guild.
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Kautz, Andrea R. "Local Management and Landscape Effects on the Predator Guild in Vegetable Crops, with a Focus on Long-legged Flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437474798.
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Tognini, Melinda. "A struggle for recognition: the War Widows' Guild in Western Australia 1946-1975 ; and, Exegesis: Researching and writing an organisational history." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/486.
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This thesis comprises an organisational history of the War Widow' Guild Australia WA Inc., and an essay about the research and writing process I undertook to construct such a history. The history outlines the development, struggles and achievements of the War Widows’ Guild in Western Australia from 1946 to 1975. While many were celebrating the end of the war in 1945, thousands of war widows faced an uncertain future without their husbands. Although Prime Minister John Curtin addressed the issue of war widows' pensions as part of his Post War Reconstruction initiatives, the pension was well below the basic wage. Many war widows, especially those with small children to support, now lived in near poverty. It was under these circumstances, that Mrs Jessie Mary Vasey, the widow of Major-General George Alan Vasey, established the War Widows' Craft Guild, first in Victoria in November 1945, and then in other states. In Western Australia, the Guild held its first meeting on 29 November 1946. During the early years, members undertook training in weaving and various crafts to supplement their meagre pensions. The Guild also opened tearooms on the Esplanade in Perth, as a form of income and as a central meeting place. For many war widows it was in meeting together that they found support from others who understood their own experiences of grief and loss. At a state and national level, the Guild became a powerful lobby group on behalf of all war widows influencing the government on issues such as accrued recreation leave, pensions, educational benefits and health care. Many of the pensions and benefits war widows receive today are largely due to the work of the early members of this organisation. These women fought for public recognition and expression of their loss. They fought to have war widows' pensions seen as compensation for their husband's lives rather a government handout. They persevered when the organisation faced hurdles, and fought for their rights at a time when men had the louder voices and determined the rules. The essay outlines the research and writing journey that has produced the history. It outlines the wide-ranging research I undertook for each narrative thread. This includes the writing of organisational histories; experiential research in the form of a trip to Gallipoli; archival sources such as newsletters, minutes, correspondence and photographs; contextual history such as war literature, Western Australian history and post-war history; and oral history. I describe some of the difficulties I encountered when searching for particular kinds of information. I also discuss some of the decisions underpinning the selection and shaping of information, particularly in relation to the war widows' stories and embedding an historical context, and some of the tensions at play in that process.
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Magnoni, Ana Paula Vidotto [UNESP]. "Ecologia trófica das assembléias de peixes do reservatório de Chavantes (Medio rio Paranapanema. SP/PR)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106518.
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Este estudo foi conduzido no reservatório de Chavantes, médio rio Paranapanema, SP/PR, Brasil, sendo o seu objetivo avaliar o papel da compartimentalização deste grande reservatório na distribuição das espécies, partilha de recursos e estrutura e organização trófica das assembléias de peixes. Os peixes foram coletados trimestralmente entre outubro/2005 e julho/2006, com redes de espera, redes de arrasto e peneirão em seis trechos ao longo do gradiente longitudinal do reservatório, representado por dois trechos lóticos (ITA e VER), dois trechos intermediários ou de transição (PAR e FAR) e dois trechos lênticos (BAR e RCL). Foram coletadas 57 espécies no reservatório, sendo que no capítulo 1 apresentam-se a distribuição, abundância e biomassa das espécies nos diferentes trechos, as análises de diversidade (H’), Equitabilidade (E) e β diversidade, e ainda do agrupamento dos trechos de acordo com a abundância das espécies. No capítulo 2 estão apresentadas a composição da dieta, organização trófica, amplitude e sobreposição de nicho trófico de 44 espécies das assembléias de peixes. No capítulo 3 foi analisada a estrutura trófica das assembléias, utilizando-se as variações na abundância e biomassa de 36 espécies pertencentes a 9 guildas tróficas. Os resultados indicam que: 1) as assembléias de peixes apresentam diferenças quanto a composição, abundância e diversidade ao longo do gradiente longitudinal 2) a dieta é um fator importante na segregação das espécies entre os trechos, influenciado pelo elevado consumo de detrito, insetos aquáticos e fragmentos vegetais nos trechos lóticos e intermediários e peixe nos trechos lênticos; 3) as maioria das espécies apresentam alta especialização trófica devido aos baixos valores de amplitude de nicho; 4) a baixa sobreposição de nicho trófico entre os pares de espécies indica...
This study was carried out in the Chavantes Reservoir Middle Paranapanema River, SP/PR, Brazil, to evaluate the role of the longitudinal compartmentalization of this large reservoir in the species distribution, resource partitioning and trophic structure of fish assemblages. Fish were collected every three months from October/2005 to July/2006, with gill nets in six sites along the longitudinal gradient of the reservoir, represented by two lotic (ITA and VER), two transitional (PAR e FAR) and two lentic ones (BAR e RCL). We registered 57 fish species in the reservoir. The chapter 1 presents the distribution, abundance and biomass of fish species, with analysis of species diversity (H’), evenness (E), β diversity, and cluster of the six sites based on the abundance of fish species. The chapter 2 presents the diet composition, trophic organization, niche breadth and niche overlap of 44 species from the fish assemblages. In the chapter 3 was evaluated the trophic structure of assemblages, based in the variation of abundance and biomass of 36 species belonging to 9 trophic guilds. The results indicate that 1) fish assemblages differ in species composition, abundance and diversity along the longitudinal gradient; 2) the diet of fish species is important in their segregation along the sites, affected by the high consumption of detritus, aquatic insects and vegetal matter in the lotic and transitional sites and by fish in the lentic ones; 3) great number of species present high trophic specialization, due to the low values of niche breadth; 4) the low niche overlap observed between pairs indicate that species partition food resources, with no evidence of competition; 5) the high abundance of detritivorous and insectivorous sustain great biomass of piscivorous in many sites. All the results reinforce that longitudinal compartmentalization and environmental aspects of each site are important... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ezdani, Khan Sabil. "Fantasy eller verklighet? : En studie om individers upplevelser av den interaktion som äger rum inom Guilds i ett online spel." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102114.
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Studien undersöker spelares sociala upplevelse inom online dataspelet World of Warcraft (Blizard entertainment 2004). Detta görs genom att studera de designförändringar som sker med verktyget "Guild" från 2004 fram tills Juni 2013.Verktyget "Guild" är avsett för att ge spelare ett sätt att skapa grupper, så kallade "guilder" som kan närmast efterlikna föreningar inom verkliga livet. Studien har haft som syfte att försöka förstå den sociala interaktionen som kan äga rum i olika "Guilder". Det är sedan planerat att använda sig av Simmels teori om interaktion och artikeln "The Metropolis and Mental Life” (1903) för att förstå spelarens upplevelse. Materialet består av tre djupa intervjuer, händelselogg av tekniska förändringar samt två fokus intervjuer från en tidigare studie. Resultatet visar att respondenternas upplevelse kan relateras till tre olika teman som bygger upp funktionen, Medlemskap och Tillgänglighet, Guild identitet samt en instrumentell karaktär. Den instrumentella karaktären beror på den starka sammankopplingen som finns till karaktärsutvecklingen, där de används som ett verktyg för att klara av de aktiviteter som kräver flera spelare. En gruppidentitet skapas i Guilds med hjälp av visuella ändringar, där t.ex. Guild namnet finns ovanför karaktären. Medlemskap samt Tillgänglighet är hur spelare måste gå tillväga för att få ett medlemskap. Samtliga teman har sedan används för att förstå utvecklingen av Guild verktyget. Studien fann att den sociala upplevelsen minskades för respondenterna med utvecklingen av verktyget. Guild verktyget visade sig också förknippas starkt med spelarens karaktärs utveckling. Detta kan bero på att ökningen av potentiella nätverk som Guild funktionen tillför skapar ett behov av automatiska strukturer. Interaktionsprocesser minskar med utvecklingen av verktyget vilket kan göra att den sociala upplevelsen minskar. Guild verktyget har också en design som uppmuntrar ett Instrumentellt användande samtidigt som det ger möjlighet till social interaktion. Denna design leder till att verktyget främst används för interaktionsformer som innefattar Exchange snarare än Sociability.
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Darmon, Clara. "L'union des cinéastes (soyouz kinematografistov) : la condition des agents du cinéma en URSS et en Russie (1957-2007)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030092.
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Cette recherche se propose d'étudier le rôle et l'évolution de l'union des cinéastes en urss puis dans la nouvelle russie pour comprendre ses effets sur la gestion du cinéma, ses modes d'intervention à différents moments clés de l'urss pour reconstituer à la fois l'aspect macro-social de cette union des cinéastes, son véritable rôle et fonctionnement et l'aspect micro-social, le parcours de ses membres au travers de l'évolution de certaines carrières à la fois emblématiques comme anonymes. Ces deux terrains d'études seront menés conjointement. il s'agira de comprendre comment l'union des cinéastes a contribué sur 50 ans (2 générations) à structurer tout un champ entre 1957 et 2009 ; quels ont été les modes d'adhésion comme d'exclusion; quels ont été les acteurs collectifs impliqués dans le processus ; quels ont été les principaux clivages ou coalitions à différents moments de cette histoire ; quels types de ressources ont été mobilisés au-delà même de ce que représente le cinéma et sa fonction en urss? Dans quelle mesure l'union des cinéastes a pu agir ou pas sur les transformations intervenues en russie sur cette période, au regard aussi du rôle qu'a pu jouer le cinéma dans la société soviétique et post-soviétique ? Comment mesurer à postériori l'impact réel de l'union dans l'organisation de la vie de ses membres au quotidien et comprendre comment ses différents acteurs ont été directement impliqués par cette organisation, s'y sont mobilisés ou même opposés à certains moments de l'histoire soviétique pour l'infléchir ? Nous nous demanderons enfin comment l'union des cinéastes peut être réévaluée à partir d'une recherche de terrain qui permettra de comprendre les ressorts de l'activité cinématographique en urss et en russie, le passage à la professionnalisation et sa légitimation par l'union, les processus de décomposition et recomposition organisationnelsThe Filmmakers Union was created in 1957 at the request of film professionals : by joining forces, they aimed atbringing the Party to recognize the collective aspect of their sphere of activity. This Union gradually gatheredall the professionals of the cinematographic sphere in addition to the sole filmmakers (critiques, teachers at theVGIK, technicians . . .). However it was quickly exploited by the Communist Party, who tried hard to controlfilmmakers more efficiently once they were grouped in a single structure. Thus, the Union members had tobalance their status of civil servant and that of representative of the artistic intelligentsia. The history of theFilmmakers Union, from its institutionalization until now can first be seen as a struggle to influence decisionson film production, and to obtain more freedom in the sphere of collective creation.Despite the internal conflicts stirred up by this ambiguous status, engaging the various actors involved in thesystem, within the framework of the Soviet and post-Soviet history, the Filmmakers Union survived on newfoundations inherited from the past. Its history enables us to understand the existence of a consensus beyondthe question of the work of art. The cinema agents, divided by the conflicts, are held together by their professionalismand by their vocation. The Union provides them with a strong identity within the Russian and Sovietsociety. Through some analysis of movies, emblematic of this period, and using our field research in Russia,the intention is to trace the history of this specific organization in order to put Soviet and Russian cinema intoperspective with a different approach
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Fang, Wei-Ta. "A landscape approach to reserving farm ponds for wintering bird refuges in Taoyuan, Taiwan." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3984.
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Man-made farm ponds are unique geographic features of the Taoyuan Tableland.
Besides irrigation, they provide refuges for wintering birds. The issue at hand is that
these features are disappearing and bring with it the loss of this refuge function. It is
ecologically significant because one fifth of all the bird species in Taiwan find a home
on these ponds. This study aims at characterizing the diversity of bird species associated
with these ponds whose likelihood of survival was assessed along the gradient of land
development intensities. Such characterization helps establish decision criteria needed
for designating certain ponds for habitat preservation and developing their protection
strategies.
A holistic model was developed by incorporating logistic regression with error
back-propagation into the paradigm of artificial neural networks (ANN). The model
considers pond shape, size, neighboring farmlands, and developed areas in calculating
parameters pertaining to their respective and interactive influences on avian diversity,
among them the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (HÂ). Results indicate that ponds with
regular shape or the ones with larger size possess a strong positive correlation with HÂ. Farm ponds adjacent to farmland benefited waterside bird diversity. On the other hand,
urban development was shown to cause the reduction of farmland and pond numbers,
which in turn reduced waterside bird diversity. By running the ANN model with four
neurons, the resulting HÂ index shows a good-fit prediction of bird diversity against pond
size, shape, neighboring farmlands, and neighboring developed areas with a correlation
coefficient (r) of 0.72, in contrast to the results from a linear regression model (r < 0.28).
Analysis of historical pond occurrence to the present showed that ponds with
larger size and a long perimeter were less likely to disappear. Smaller (< 0.1 ha) and
more curvilinear ponds had a more drastic rate of disappearance. Based on this finding, a
logistic regression was constructed to predict pond-loss likelihood in the future and to
help identify ponds that should be protected. Overlaying results from ANN and form
logistic regression enabled the creation of pond-diversity maps for these simulated
scenarios of development intensities with respective to pond-loss trends and the
corresponding dynamics of bird diversity.
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Hjältén, Alexander. "Storspiggens (Gasterosteus aculeatus) påverkan på abborryngel (Perca fluviatilis) via storleksberoende predation." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118551.
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The costal populations of perch (Perca fluviatilis) in some parts of the Baltic Sea have been in decline for about two decades. Recruitment failure in the early larval stages has been put forward as a possible cause and the decline has also been suggested to coincide with increases in three-pined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) densities. The aim of this study was to study the effects of growth and survival of newly hatched perch larvae in the presence of the three-pined stickleback, and if possible determine the main mechanism behind any negative effects the perch may suffer under such conditions. Using large scale experimental ponds as a controlled habitat, an experiment was conducted where perch larvae were being exposed to sticklebacks under four different stages of their development. Results showed that the three- spine stickleback can have a strong negative effect on the survival of young perch. This effect was strongest in the earliest stage of perch development and decreased as they grew bigger. The zooplankton densities didn't differ between the controls and stickleback treatments, suggesting that the young perch didn't suffer from food limitation. Instead predation was identified as the main mechanism behind the high mortality. The results of this study highlight the potential danger of the observed patterns of decreasing predator populations in conjunction with increasing populations of smaller prey species in the Baltic Sea.
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Albuquerque, Ana Cláudia Alexandre de [UNESP]. "Estudos helmintológicos em quirópteros no bioma Amazônia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136341.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A Amazônia é o maior Bioma brasileiro, com uma das maiores biodiversidades mundial. Foram descritas 167 espécies de morcegos no Brasil, com 120 espécies registradas no Estado do Pará, das quais 10 têm registro exclusivo neste estado. Entretanto, apesar da elevada diversidade, são raros os estudos voltados para a descrição de endoparasitas em quirópteros pertencentes a este Bioma. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo estudar a helmintofauna de diferentes espécies de quirópteros amazônicos, calcular os índices de infecção comparando-os com aspectos fenotípicos dos hospedeiros e avaliar os índices ecológicos populacionais e de cada guilda alimentar. Para tal, foram utilizados 67 morcegos de 21 espécies provenientes de várias cidades do Estado do Pará. Os animais foram separados em guildas alimentares e necropsiados. Os parasitas obtidos foram identificados taxonomicamente e quantificados. Dos animais estudados, 20,89% (14/67) encontraram-se parasitados. No total, foram recuperados 182 exemplares de helmintos das seguintes espécies: Anenterotrema eduardocaballeroi, Anenterotrema liliputianum, Ochoterenatrema caballeroi, Tricholeiperia sp., Parahistiostrongylus octacanthus, Litomosoides guiterasi, Litomosoides brasiliensis, Capillariinae gen. sp. e Hymenolepididae gen. sp. Pelos resultados obtidos verificou-se que não houve impacto do endoparasitismo na condição corporal dos quirópteros e não foram observadas diferenças entre a intensidade parasitária de machos e de fêmeas. A guilda alimentar que apresentou maior prevalência e intensidade média parasitária foi os onívoros. De acordo com a literatura, animais pertencentes a regiões mais próximas a linha do Equador tendem a apresentar maior riqueza de espécies de parasitas, fato este que não foi observado no presente estudo, no qual foram observadas baixas diversidade e riqueza de espécies. Constatou-se que os quirópteros estudados não seguiram o padrão ecológico observado em outros grupos de animais.
Amazonia, the largest Brazilian Biomes, is one of the most biodiverse Biomes around the world. Considering the Brazilian chiropteran species, 120 of out 167 are registered in Pará State, with 10 endemic species. Despite the high diversity of bats in Amazonia, studies on their parasites, especially on helminths, are scarce. Therefore, the present study aims to study the helminthfauna of different bat species from the Pará State, Amazon Biome, determine the descriptors of infection and evaluate the host-parasite relationship, as well as evaluate diferences in ecological indexes in accord to the alimentary guilds. The study was developed on 67 bats of 21 species captured in several áreas of the Pará State. The animals were identified, divided in alimentary guilds and necropsied. The parasites obtained were identified and quantified. Parasites were found in 20.89% of the bats, a total of 182 specimens belonging to Anenterotrema eduardocaballeroi, Anenterotrema liliputianum, Ochoterenatrema caballeroi, Tricholeiperia sp., Parahistiostrongylus octacanthus, Litomosoides guiterasi, Litomosoides brasiliensis, Capillariinae gen. sp. and Hymenolepididae gen. sp. The results indicate that there was no impact of endoparasitism on host body condition and no relationship between sex and parasite intensity. In relation to the alimentary guilds, the omnivores showed higher prevalence and mean intensity. Animals from regions closer to the equator tend to have greater richness parasites species, but the present study revealed low diversity and richness species. In conclusion, bats studied did not follow the ecological pattern observed in other animal groups.
CNPq: 156973/2014-6
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Savage, Matthew B. "A NON-NATIVE FOREST INVADER ALTERS FOREST STRUCTURE AND THE ASSOCIATED ARTHROPOD COMMUNITY." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/41.
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The emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a non-native wood boring beetle that is causing extensive ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality in eastern North America, affecting both urban and wildland forests and drastically altering forest structure and composition. As EAB-induced ash mortality progresses, native arthropod associates of ash forests are impacted by the effects of rapid and broad scale tree mortality. These include loss of food source, increased canopy gap formation, alterations in litter inputs causing shifting temperature and moisture regimes on the forest floor, and significant accumulation of coarse woody debris.
I assessed the sub-canopy arthropod community in five forests, all in different stages of the invasion process, from introduction through impact. Additionally, I assessed the ground level arthropod community in a post EAB-invaded forest with 100% mature ash mortality. Arthropod communities were assessed at the ordinal level, and with a focus on coleopterans, they were further classified to families and trophic guilds to analyze abundance, richness, and diversity. Due to their overwhelming abundance, I identified scolytines collected in the post EAB-invaded forest to species to see if the EAB-invasion was part of a greater invasional meltdown. My results indicate that the EAB-invasion in North America is affecting the native coleopteran communities associated with these forests.
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Moring, J. Bruce (James Bruce). "Habitat Partitioning by a Riparian Cursorial Spider Guild, and Intraspecific Behaviors of the Wolf Spider Pardosa valens (LYCOSIDAE) and the Stonefly Hydroperla crosbyi (PERLODIDAE)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332792/.
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Members of a guild of cursorial spiders (Pardosa spp. and Alopecosa spp.) spatially segregated among five discrete habitats, from a streamside cobble habitat grading laterally along a successional gradient to the leaf litter zone of a transition or climax riparian forest. Seasonal activity peaked in midsummer for all guild members. Spiders were active diurnally earlier in the streamside habitats, and levels of activity were positively correlated with light intensity. Guild members Pardosa tristis and Pardosa uncata were most different in habitat selection and periods of diurnal activity. Males and females of all guild species differed in their distribution among habitats and over months of collection. Measures of guild species diversity and evenness were variable between habitats, and were largely influenced by the relatively high abundance of one or two guild species, particularly in the streamside habitats.
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Moncayo-Estrada, Rodrigo Lind Owen T. "Coexistence in a chirostoma species flock niche analysis and the role of water-level fluctuation on the structure and function of the zooplanktivorous guild /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5353.
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Magnoni, Ana Paula Vidotto. "Ecologia trófica das assembléias de peixes do reservatório de Chavantes (Medio rio Paranapanema. SP/PR) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106518.
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Resumo: Este estudo foi conduzido no reservatório de Chavantes, médio rio Paranapanema, SP/PR, Brasil, sendo o seu objetivo avaliar o papel da compartimentalização deste grande reservatório na distribuição das espécies, partilha de recursos e estrutura e organização trófica das assembléias de peixes. Os peixes foram coletados trimestralmente entre outubro/2005 e julho/2006, com redes de espera, redes de arrasto e peneirão em seis trechos ao longo do gradiente longitudinal do reservatório, representado por dois trechos lóticos (ITA e VER), dois trechos intermediários ou de transição (PAR e FAR) e dois trechos lênticos (BAR e RCL). Foram coletadas 57 espécies no reservatório, sendo que no capítulo 1 apresentam-se a distribuição, abundância e biomassa das espécies nos diferentes trechos, as análises de diversidade (H'), Equitabilidade (E) e β diversidade, e ainda do agrupamento dos trechos de acordo com a abundância das espécies. No capítulo 2 estão apresentadas a composição da dieta, organização trófica, amplitude e sobreposição de nicho trófico de 44 espécies das assembléias de peixes. No capítulo 3 foi analisada a estrutura trófica das assembléias, utilizando-se as variações na abundância e biomassa de 36 espécies pertencentes a 9 guildas tróficas. Os resultados indicam que: 1) as assembléias de peixes apresentam diferenças quanto a composição, abundância e diversidade ao longo do gradiente longitudinal 2) a dieta é um fator importante na segregação das espécies entre os trechos, influenciado pelo elevado consumo de detrito, insetos aquáticos e fragmentos vegetais nos trechos lóticos e intermediários e peixe nos trechos lênticos; 3) as maioria das espécies apresentam alta especialização trófica devido aos baixos valores de amplitude de nicho; 4) a baixa sobreposição de nicho trófico entre os pares de espécies indica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract:This study was carried out in the Chavantes Reservoir Middle Paranapanema River, SP/PR, Brazil, to evaluate the role of the longitudinal compartmentalization of this large reservoir in the species distribution, resource partitioning and trophic structure of fish assemblages. Fish were collected every three months from October/2005 to July/2006, with gill nets in six sites along the longitudinal gradient of the reservoir, represented by two lotic (ITA and VER), two transitional (PAR e FAR) and two lentic ones (BAR e RCL). We registered 57 fish species in the reservoir. The chapter 1 presents the distribution, abundance and biomass of fish species, with analysis of species diversity (H'), evenness (E), β diversity, and cluster of the six sites based on the abundance of fish species. The chapter 2 presents the diet composition, trophic organization, niche breadth and niche overlap of 44 species from the fish assemblages. In the chapter 3 was evaluated the trophic structure of assemblages, based in the variation of abundance and biomass of 36 species belonging to 9 trophic guilds. The results indicate that 1) fish assemblages differ in species composition, abundance and diversity along the longitudinal gradient; 2) the diet of fish species is important in their segregation along the sites, affected by the high consumption of detritus, aquatic insects and vegetal matter in the lotic and transitional sites and by fish in the lentic ones; 3) great number of species present high trophic specialization, due to the low values of niche breadth; 4) the low niche overlap observed between pairs indicate that species partition food resources, with no evidence of competition; 5) the high abundance of detritivorous and insectivorous sustain great biomass of piscivorous in many sites. All the results reinforce that longitudinal compartmentalization and environmental aspects of each site are important... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Edmir Daniel Carvalho
Coorientador: Mário Luis Orsi
Banca: Rosemara Fugi
Banca: Virgínia Uieda
Banca: José Marcelo Rocha Aranha
Banca: Katharina Eichbaum Esteves
Doutor
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Boström, Arvid. "Den Ensamme Datorspelaren? : En studie om datorspelens inverkan på det sociala kapitalet." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71441.
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Walker, Michael John. "The extent of the guild control of trades in England, c. 1660-1820 : a study based on a sample of provincial towns and London companies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250881.
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Hung, Li Ping, and 李柄寰. "Legal Research Of Ancestor Worship Guild." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71206979814168590873.
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Chi, Jung, and 鄭榮基. ""Guild" in Massive Multi-player Online Role Playing Game: An Exploratory Study of Gulid in "World of Warcraft"." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25197478090706665428.
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碩士國立中正大學
電訊傳播研究所
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“Guild” in Massive Multi-player Online Role Playing Game : An Exploratory Study of Guild in “World of Warcraft” Student: Jung Chi Cheng Advisor: Chiann-Ru Song Ph.D. 《Abstract》 ‘Guild’ is an important online community in Massive Multi-player Online Role Playing Game (MMORPG), which helps online game players to maintain their relationships. The players with a common goal in “World of Warcraft” (WOW) organize Guild by themselves. It also has a relation with a lot of game activities in WOW. However “Guild” is a brand-new kind of online community, the relevant research is still extremely rare now. The study attempted to investigate players’ characteristics, sociability, and organizational commitment in Guild of WOW. Through the purposive sampling, a total of 715 valid samples responded to the online survey. The majority of participants were students, with the largest response being from males between the ages of 19-26 with a collage education or higher. Most of them joined the large-scale guild in WOW. The findings of this study indicated that the participants’ age, level of education, income per month, and the scale of guild were positively correlated to their spending time and money in WOW. The bigger the guild the participants joined, the higher “continuance commitment” they had. Fewer guilds the participants changed resulted in to a higher “affective commitment”, “normative commitment” and “moral commitment”. The participants who are males or the members of guilds have higher “perceived community value” compared with those of female participants, or non-members of guilds. The scale of guild, playing time per week, spending on WOW per month, experience of WOW, and experience of joining the guild in WOW, are also positively correlated their “perceived community value”. Players with higher “perceived community value” also tend to have higher “affective commitment”. The participants who are females have higher “interactive communication” compared with those of males. The participants with less money per month tend to have higher “interactive communication”. Players with higher “interactive communication” tend to have lower “affective commitment” and “moral commitment”. The members of guilds have higher “support for communication” compared to those who were non-members of guilds. The numbers of guilds, which players had joined, were negatively correlated in their “support for communication”. The participants with higher “support for communication” also tended to have higher “affective commitment” and “normative commitment”.