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Journal articles on the topic 'Guinea savanna zone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Tofa, Abdullahi I., Uche F. Chiezey, Bashir A. Babaji, Alpha Y. Kamara, Adnan A. Adnan, Aloysius Beah, and Adam M. Adam. "Modeling Planting-Date Effects on Intermediate-Maturing Maize in Contrasting Environments in the Nigerian Savanna: An Application of DSSAT Model." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060871.

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The Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Maize model in Decision Support System for Agricultural Technology Transfer (DSSAT) was calibrated and evaluated with experimental data for simulation of response of two intermediate-maturing maize varieties to different sowing dates in the Nigerian savannas. The calibration experiments involved 14 consecutive field trials conducted in the rainy and dry seasons in Bayero University Kano (BUK), Dambatta, and Zaria between 2014–2019. Two sets of field experiments were conducted simultaneously for model evaluation in Iburu in the southern Guinea savanna zone and Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna zone during 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The experiments for calibration had two maize (SAMMAZ-15 and SAMMAZ-16) varieties planted under optimum conditions with no water and nutrients stresses. The trials for model evaluation were conducted using the same varieties under four different nitrogen (N) rates (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1). A 30-year (1985–2014) term simulation was performed to determine effect of varying sowing dates on yields of two maize varieties (SAMMAZ-15 and SAMMAZ-16) in the Sudan savanna (SS), northern Guinea savanna (NGS), and southern Guinea savanna (SGS) zones. The calibration results showed that the cultivar coefficients of the two maize varieties resulted in simulated growth and development parameters that were in good agreement with observed parameters. Model evaluation showed a good agreement between simulated and observed data for phenology and growth of maize. This demonstrated the potential of the CERES-Maize model to simulate growth and yield of maize in the Nigeria savannas. Results of 30-year sensitivity analysis with 9 different sowing windows showed that in SS, sowing the intermediate maize varieties from early to mid-June produced the highest grain yields. In NGS, the optimum sowing windows were found between late June and late July for the both varieties. In SGS, the optimum sowing window is from early June to late July for SAMMAZ-15 and mid-June to late July for SAMMAZ-16. These planting windows gave the highest long-term average yields for each variety. The variety SAMMAZ-15 was found to be best performing across the three agro-ecologies. Maize performance was generally higher in NGS than in SGS. SS in the Sudan savanna recorded the lowest yield compared with other locations.

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2

Marshall, Adrian G., and R. Moylan Gambles. "Odonata from the Guinea Savanna Zone in Ghana." Journal of Zoology 183, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04180.x.

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3

Twizeyimana, M., P. S. Ojiambo, K. Sonder, T. Ikotun, G. L. Hartman, and R. Bandyopadhyay. "Pathogenic Variation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Infecting Soybean in Nigeria." Phytopathology® 99, no. 4 (April 2009): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-4-0353.

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Soybean rust, caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is an important disease in Nigeria and many other soybean-producing countries worldwide. To determine the geographical distribution of soybean rust in Nigeria, soybean fields were surveyed in the Derived Savanna (DS), Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS), and Southern Guinea Savanna (SGS) agroecological zones in Nigeria between 2004 and 2006. Disease severity in each zone was determined and analyzed using geostatistics. Prevalence of infected fields and disease severity in surveyed fields were significantly (P < 0.05) different between geographical zones with both variables being higher in the DS zone than in either NGS or SGS zones. Geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial influence of disease severity at one location on severity at other locations was between 75 and 120 km. An exponential model best described the relationship between semivariance and lag distance when rust severity was high. Spatial interpolation of rust severity showed that locations in the DS zone were more conducive for the rust epidemic compared to areas in the NGS zone. In the 2005 survey, 116 purified isolates were established in culture on detached soybean leaves. To establish the nature of pathogenic variation in P. pachyrhizi, a set of four soybean accessions with Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3, and Rpp4 resistance genes, two highly resistant and two highly susceptible genotypes were inoculated with single uredinial isolates. Principal component analysis on the number of uredinia per square centimeter of leaf tissue for 116 isolates indicated that an adequate summary of pathogenic variation was obtained using only four genotypes. Of these four, PI 459025B (with Rpp4 gene) and TG× 1485-1D had the lowest and highest number of uredinia per square centimeter, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of the number of uredinia per square centimeter, seven pathotype clusters were determined. Isolates in cluster III were the most virulent, while those in cluster IV were the least virulent. Shannon's index (H) revealed a more diverse pathogen population in the DS zone (H = 1.21) compared to the rust population in SGS and NGS with H values of 1.08 and 0.91, respectively. This work will be useful in breeding and management of soybean rust by facilitating identification of resistant genotypes and targeting cultivars with specific resistance to match prevailing P. pachyrhizi pathotypes in a given geographical zone.

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4

Fairhead, James, and Melissa Leach. "Enriching the landscape: social history and the management of transition ecology in the forest–savanna mosaic of the Republic of Guinea." Africa 66, no. 1 (January 1996): 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161509.

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AbstractThe mosaic of forest and savanna vegetation found along the northern margin of West Africa's moist forest zone has generally been understood in policy circles as a degraded and degrading forest landscape, following savannisation by its farming populations. Some ecologists have suggested that the vegetation mosaic may, however, be more stable, determined by soil differences, and others still that forest may be encroaching on savanna as a result of long-term climatic rehumidification. This article presents historical evidence from Kissidougou which shows that, contrary to scientific and policy orthodoxy there, forest areas have been increasing at the expense of savanna in recent times. The article outlines the local agro-ecological practices which have been enriching the landscape, and examines how the observed course of vegetation change this century can be accounted for in the articulation of these practices with political, economic, demographic and climatic changes. A retheorisation of ecology in the forest–savanna mosaic is offered which, in drawing on non-equilibrium dynamics, offers a better framework for understanding people's impact on forest–savanna ecology.

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5

Aweto, A. O., and D. O. Adejumobi. "Impact of grazing on soil in the southern guinea savanna zone of Nigeria." Environmentalist 11, no. 1 (March 1991): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01263195.

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6

Cumberlidge, Neil. "Sudanonautes kagoroensis, a new species of freshwater crab (Decapoda: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Nigeria." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 7 (July 1, 1991): 1938–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-268.

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A freshwater crab, Sudanonautes kagoroensis n.sp., is described and illustrated on the basis of 57 specimens from seven localities in the guinea savanna zone of central Nigeria. The taxonomic relationship of S. kagoroensis to other freshwater crabs from Nigeria belonging to this genus is discussed and its ecology and distribution are described. Seven species of Sudanonautes Bott, 1955 are now known from Nigeria.

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7

Inusah, Baba I. Y., Wilson Dogbe, Alhassan Lansah Abdulai, Julius Yirzagla, Michael Mawunya, and Abu Safiyanu Issahak. "Yield Gap Survey in Sudanno-Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecological Zones of Ghana." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 1 (January 16, 2015): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n1p127.

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<p>Yield gap survey (YGS) was carried out in nine selected communities in the Sudanno-Guinea Savannah (SGS) rice growing ecologies of Ghana in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons. One lead farmer was selected from each community to host researcher-managed fields. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the causes of yield gaps in rain fed and irrigated ecologies of the SGS of Ghana and to suggest ways by which the gaps can be bridged to enhance the production of the crop in Ghana</p> <p>In both 2012 and 2013 seasons, farmers in the Sudan savannah zone recorded higher gaps in rice yields (average 55%) than their compatriots in the Guinea Savannah (average 49%). The analysis of data collected from YGS indicated that factors such as difficult weather and soil conditions, insufficient access to mechanization services/improper land preparation, lack of fertilizers, the use of unimproved rice seed, untimely field operations and inadequate water and pest (in particular weed) management, were some of the key factors that adversely influence rice yields in the study area<em>.</em></p> <p>Unrestricted access to mechanization services delivery, intensified use of improved rice seed, appropriate melioration with organic and inorganic fertilizers, together with robust soil and water management interventions are essential requirements for bridging experiment-based yield gaps for enhanced rice yields in the Sudanno-Guinea Savannah zones of Ghana.</p>

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8

Buah, S. S. J., and S. Mwinkaara. "Response of Sorghum to Nitrogen Fertilizer and Plant Density in the Guinea Savanna Zone." Journal of Agronomy 8, no. 4 (September 15, 2009): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2009.124.130.

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9

YAMOAH, C. F., P. AY, and A. A. AGBOOLA. "THE USE OFGLIRICIDIA SEPIUMFOR ALLEY CROPPING IN THE SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA ZONE OF NIGERIA." International Tree Crops Journal 3, no. 4 (January 1986): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01435698.1986.9752798.

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10

Salami, S. O., F. A. Makinde, and G. M. Garba. "Foetal wastage in goats slaughtered in Zaria abattoir, Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 37, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v37i1.692.

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The study was carried out with the aim of determining the age and percentage wastage of foetus due to the slaughter of pregnant does in Zango Abattoir, Samaru, Zaria. Out of a total of 680 female goats slaughtered during three months (January to March, 1998), 275 (40.44%) of the were pregnant. From the pregnant uteri, 460 foetuses were recovered and used for the study. Out of the recovered foetuses 41.09, 21.82 and 37.09% were twins, triplets and single respectively. The weight as well as the crown-rump of the foetuses were measured and the results obtained were used to determine their estimated ages. It was found that the highest percentage (46.2%) 0f the foetuses fell within the first trimeter of pregnancy, while the second and third trimesters had 30% and 23.8% respectively. The regression equations and the results of the correlation analysis showed that the gestational age of the local breeds of goats can be accurately estimated by crown-rump measurement. It was concluded that complete lack of pregnancy dignostic test on does before slaughtering in the abattoirs resulted in heavy losses of foetuses which call to question the role of the veterinary personnel at the abattoir with the consequence reduction in the availability of animal protein in the country. The study also gave an insight into the use of two easily measured variables: foetal weight (FW) and crown rump lenght (CRL) as a means for age estimates in goats.

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11

Egbebiyi, Temitope Samuel, Olivier Crespo, Christopher Lennard, Modathir Zaroug, Grigory Nikulin, Ian Harris, Jeff Price, Nicole Forstenhäusler, and Rachel Warren. "Investigating the potential impact of 1.5, 2 and 3 °C global warming levels on crop suitability and planting season over West Africa." PeerJ 8 (May 5, 2020): e8851. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8851.

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West African rainfed agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate variability and change. Global warming is projected to result in higher regional warming and have a strong impact on agriculture. This study specifically examines the impact of global warming levels (GWLs) of 1.5°, 2° and 3 °C relative to 1971–2000 on crop suitability over West Africa. We used 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase5 Global Climate Models (CMIP5 GCMs) downscaled by Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) Rossby Centre’s regional Atmospheric model version 4, RCA4, to drive Ecocrop, a crop suitability model, for pearl millet, cassava, groundnut, cowpea, maize and plantain. The results show Ecocrop simulated crop suitability spatial representation with higher suitability, observed to the south of latitude 14°N and lower suitability to its north for 1971–2000 for all crops except for plantain (12°N). The model also simulates the best three planting months within the growing season from September-August over the past climate. Projected changes in crop suitability under the three GWLs 1.5–3.0 °C suggest a spatial suitability expansion for legume and cereal crops, notably in the central southern Sahel zone; root and tuber and plantain in the central Guinea-Savanna zone. In contrast, projected decreases in the crop suitability index value are predicted to the south of 14°N for cereals, root and tuber crops; nevertheless, the areas remain suitable for the crops. A delay of between 1-3 months is projected over the region during the planting month under the three GWLs for legumes, pearl millet and plantain. A two month delay in planting is projected in the south, notably over the Guinea and central Savanna zone with earlier planting of about three months in the Savanna-Sahel zones. The effect of GWL2.0 and GWL3.0 warming in comparison to GWL1.5 °C are more dramatic on cereals and root and tuber crops, especially cassava. All the projected changes in simulated crop suitability in response to climatic variables are statistically significant at 99% confidence level. There is also an increasing trend in the projected crop suitability change across the three warming except for cowpea. This study has implications for improving the resilience of crop production to climate changes, and more broadly, to food security in West Africa.

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12

Ebenezer Kofi, Sam, Kugbe Xorse Joseph, Adu-Gyamfi Raphael, Odoom Asooming Daniel, Laryea Obodia Kenneth, and Asodewine Peter. "Comparative Assessment of Phosphorus Fertilization and Rhizobia Inoculation on Soybean Production in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 56 (June 10, 2019): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.56.78.86.

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In the Guinea savannah zone of northern Ghana, the soils are reported to be declining for agricultural productivity. In these farming communities that depend on soybean production for their livelihoods, resource-poor farmers are not able to afford purchases of high cost inorganic phosphatic fertilizers to enhance the crop’s production. The need arises to identify efficient practices and strategies and research into alternative means of enhancing soybean production to improve food security. This Randomized Complete Block Design as an experimental tool was employed to carry out a research in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana (Tolon District) to assess the agronomic and economic productivity of rhizobia inoculation use in soybean production. Treatments used for the experiment were sole soybean production, soybean + recommended phosphorus (P) fertilize rate, soybean + inoculums, and soybean + P + inoculum. A planting distance of 60*10cm was used during planting. Each treatment was replicated three times. Growth and yield data were collected on plant height, nodule number and dry weight, shoot dry weight, pods number and dry weight, grain yield, 100 seed weight and nodule effectiveness. The results revealed the existence of significant difference in grain yield between treatments (p = 0.011). Soybean + inoculation + P gave the highest yield of 3.6 t/ha followed by soybean + inoculation (3.17 t/ha), soybean + P (2.97 t/ha) and soybean only (2.6 t/ha) respectively. Significant difference was also observed for number of pods between treatments (p= 0.01), with soybean + inoculation + phosphorus recording the highest followed by soybean + inoculation, soybean + phosphorus and soybean-only treatment respectively. However, use of sole inoculation in soybean production was associated with the least production cost, high revenue generation and high benefit/cost ratio. As rhizobia inoculation of soybean produced higher yields and is comparatively cheaper than phosphorus application, inoculation is suggested for the resource poor farmer in Northern Ghana.

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13

Kankam-Boadu, I., J. Sarkodie-Addo, and F. Amagloh. "Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Maize Productivity in the Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological Zone of Ghana." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 23, no. 3 (May 23, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2018/41305.

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14

Odunze, A. C., E. N. O. Iwuafor, and V. O. Chude. "Maize/Herbaceous Legume Inter-Crops and Soil Properties in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 20, no. 1 (March 26, 2002): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v20n01_04.

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15

Egbebiyi, Crespo, and Lennard. "Defining Crop–climate Departure in West Africa: Improved Understanding of the Timing of Future Changes in Crop Suitability." Climate 7, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7090101.

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The future climate is projected to change rapidly with potentially severe consequences for global food security. This study aims to improve the understanding of future changes in the suitability of crop growth conditions. It proposes a definition of crop realization, of the climate departure from recent historical variability, or crop–climate departure. Four statistically downscaled and bias-corrected Global Climate Models (GCMs): CCCMA, CNRM5, NOAA-GFDL, and MIROC5 performed simulations for the period 1960–2100 under the Representative Concentration Pathway RCP8.5 scenario to compute 20 year moving averages at 5-year increments. These were used to drive a crop suitability model, Ecocrop, for eight different crops across the three Food and Agriculture Organizations (FAO) AgroEcological Zones (AEZs) of West Africa (Guinea, Sahel, and Savanna). Simulations using historical climate data found that all crops except maize had a suitability index value (SIV) ≥0.50 outside the Sahel region, equivalent to conditions being suitable or strongly suitable. Simulations of future climate reveal that warming is projected to constrain crop growth suitability for cassava and pineapple in the Guinea zone. A potential for the northward expansion of maize is projected by the end of the century, suggesting a future opportunity for its growth in the southern Sahel zone. Crop growth conditions for mango and pearl millet remain suitable across all three AEZs. In general, crops in the Savanna AEZ are the most sensitive to the projected changes in climate. The changes in the crop–climate relationship suggests a future constraint in crop suitability, which could be detrimental to future food security in West Africa. Further studies to explore associated short- and long-term adaptation options are recommended.

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16

Akpa, G. N., O. J. Ifut, and F. Mohammed. "Indigenous management of Dystocia in ruminant livestock of northern guinea savanna of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v29i2.1574.

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This study, conducted in Bauchi and Zaria areas of the northern guinea savanna zone of Nigeria involved livestock that encountered problems during parturition Ninety eight Hausa-Fulani livestock holdings involving cattle, sheep and goats were investigated. The study focused on causes of and remedies for dystocia. The study showed that farmers have traditional means of handling difficult birth in ruminants. The identifiable causes of dystocia included age and size of dam, abnormal foetal presentation, poor health, multiple foetuses and weight and sex of the young. The management of this problem included the use of hand to correct foetal position, lubrication of the vulvo-vagina passage with mashed okra fruit for easy passage, and oral administration of solutions from native herbs, snake scales, potash and ashes.

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17

Okutu, Chiweta, Ahmed Abdullahi, Jane Oyidiya, and Jacob Olatunde. "Response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.), to method and rate of cattle kraal manure application at Kadawa and Samaru in Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 56, no. 3 (2011): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas1103173o.

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Field experiments were conducted between June and October 2010 wet season at two different locations. The first was at the Horticultural Research Garden of the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Samaru in the Northern Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone and the second experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Irrigation Research Sub-Station (IRS), Kadawa in the Sudan Savanna agro-ecological zone also of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria to evaluate the response of grain amaranth growth and green edible vegetable yield components to three methods of cattle kraal manure application (broadcasting, side banding and spot placement incorporated) and five rates of cattle kraal manure application (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1), using the variety ?Pure branch?. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Cattle kraal manure application rates significantly (p > 0.05) increased growth of green edible vegetable yield characters of grain amaranth except stem girth at Samaru. Growth and green edible vegetable yield characters were generally not influenced by methods of cattle kraal manure application except for plant height, number of leaves per plant at 12 WAT at Samaru, and plant fresh weight at 12 WAT at Kadawa and dry weight at 4 and 12 WAT at Samaru and 12 WAT at Kadawa. Application of cattle kraal manure of 10 t ha-1 to Amaranthus cruenthus gave the highest mean values which were comparable to those of 15 and 20 t ha-1 rates for all the characters measured such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weights. Thus, the finding suggests that 10 t ha-1 should be recommended to farmers growing Amaranthus in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savanna of Nigerian agro-ecologies.

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18

Bernard, Nouleyeng Baatuuwie, Iddrisu Nasare Latif, and Gameli Tefuttor Edmond. "Biochar as an alternative growth medium for tree seedlings in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana." African Journal of Plant Science 14, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1796.

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19

Adesoji, A. G., I. U. Abubakar, and D. A. Labe. "Economic Performance of Maize under Incorporated Legumes and Nitrogen in Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agricultural Research 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajar.2016.38.46.

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20

Nock, I. H., C. G. Vajime, J. E. Conn, and I. S. Ndams. "PP-170 Incrimination of Anopheles mosquitoes as malaria vectors in guinea savanna zone of central Nigeria." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 15 (July 2011): S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1201-9712(11)60322-6.

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21

Ibiremo, O. S., R. R. Ipinmoroti, M. O. Ogunlade, M. A. Daniel, and G. O. Iremiren. "Assessment of Soil Fertility for Cocoa Production in Kwara State: Southern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 1 (July 2010): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09766898.2010.11884648.

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22

Yakubu, A., L. Dahloum, and E. G. Gimba. "Smallholder cattle farmers’ breeding practices and trait preferences in a tropical Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone." Tropical Animal Health and Production 51, no. 6 (February 14, 2019): 1497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-01836-y.

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23

FANTHORPE, RICHARD. "LIMBA ‘DEEP RURAL’ STRATEGIES." Journal of African History 39, no. 1 (March 1998): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853797007135.

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The established historical view of the Upper Guinea Coast is that this naturally forested region was at first peripheral to the Manding civilization of the savanna zone. The arrival of Europeans on the coast in the fifteenth century then engendered a southward shift in the centre of gravity of historical processes. The Atlantic trade, in which the savanna states were also deeply involved, gave coastal populations vastly expanded opportunities for wealth accumulation and social mobility. In spite of numerous attempts at political centralization, ‘frontier’ conditions persisted in the region up to – and perhaps after – the establishment of colonial states. These conditions have been held to account for the region-wide importance of cultural institutions which either facilitate social accommodation between heterogenous groups (e.g. Islam, Manding and European linguistic creoles, Manding clan names, and secret societies), or reflect such processes (e.g. bilateral kinship, patron–client relations, and pre-colonial urbanization).

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Oteng-Frimpong, Richard, Solomon Pigangsoa Konlan, and Nicholas Ninju Denwar. "Evaluation of Selected Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Lines for Yield and Haulm Nutritive Quality Traits." International Journal of Agronomy 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7479309.

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Groundnut, the most important grain legume in Ghana, is largely cultivated under rainfed conditions within the Guinea savanna zone of the country. The pods and haulms are important sources of income for smallholder farmers in the region. There is an emerging market for groundnut haulms as livestock feed in Ghana. A population of 30 groundnut genotypes were evaluated for yield (pod and haulm) and its components as well as good haulm nutritive value. High significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all agronomic traits. Average pod yield ranged from 1.6 to 5.7 t/ha with SAMNUT 23 and ICGV-IS 13081 being the most productive. Eight out of the 30 genotypes produced haulm yields above 8 t/ha. There was no significant difference among genotypes for in vitro gas production, digestible organic matter, ash, neutral detergent fibre, and metabolizable energy. However, crude protein, crude fibre, and acid detergent fibre were significantly different. Crude protein content was highest (12.53%) in GAF 1723 and lowest (8.00%) in ICGV-IS 08837. Genotypes GAF 1723, ICGV 00064, and ICGV-IS 13998 combined good pod/haulm yield with high haulm nutritive quality. Their utilization will improve farmers’ income and livelihoods in the Guinea savanna of Ghana.

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Olanrewaju, R. M., and A. S. Abubakar. "Effect of Tillage Operations on Soil Moisture Contents in the Southern Guinea Savanna Ecological Zone of Nigeria." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 07, no. 03 (2015): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2015.73015.

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26

Imeokparia, P. O. "Weed control in flooded rice with various herbicide combinations in the Southern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria." International Journal of Pest Management 40, no. 1 (January 1994): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670879409371850.

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27

Yusuf, M. "Performance of single cross quality protein maize hybrids evaluated at Samaru-northern guinea savanna zone of Nigeria." Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 5, no. 12 (November 29, 2013): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/jpbcs09.061.

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28

ZAKARI, Friday Ocheja, Joseph Olusegun AYO, Peter Ibrahim REKWOT, and Mohammed Umar KAWU. "Influence of season on daytime behavioral activities of donkeys in the Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria." Journal of Equine Science 26, no. 4 (2015): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.26.105.

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29

Egbo, C. U., M. A. Adagba, and D. K. Adedzwa. "Responses of soybean genotypes to intercropping with maize in the Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 52, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.52.2004.2.6.

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Field trials were conducted in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Makurdi, Otukpo and Yandev in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the responses of ten soybean genotypes to intercropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design. The genotypes TGX 1807-19F, NCRI-Soy2, Cameroon Late and TGX 1485-1D had the highest grain yield. All the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were higher than unity, indicating that there is great advantage in intercropping maize with soybean. The yield of soybean was positively correlated with the days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and leaf area, indicating that an improvement in any of these traits will be reflected in an increase in seed yield. There was a significant genotype × yield × location interaction for all traits. This suggests that none of these factors acted independently. Similarly, the genotype × location interaction was more important than the genotype × year interaction for seed yield, indicating that the yield response of the ten soybean genotypes varied across locations rather than across years. Therefore, using more testing sites for evaluation may be more important than the number of years.

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30

EWANSIHA, S. U., U. F. CHIEZEY, S. A. TARAWALI, and E. N. O. IWUAFOR. "Potential of Lablab purpureus accessions for crop-livestock production in the West African savanna." Journal of Agricultural Science 145, no. 3 (December 20, 2006): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006599.

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The introduction and use of herbaceous legumes may contribute to agricultural intensification, especially in the context of sustainable crop and livestock production systems. In the context of evaluating different legume species for these systems in moist savanna zone of West Africa, the present study involved the evaluation of 46 accessions of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet between 2000 and 2002 at Samaru, Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to identify accessions with the potential to contribute to grain or forage production and those with the potential for multiple use. Grain yields (0·6–2·4 t/ha) with a mean seed crude protein and phosphorus content of 25·3 and 0·46 g/kg, respectively, were obtained. Dry matter yields (leaf: 0·3–3·1, stem: 0·2–4·6, root: 0·03–0·3 t/ha) were produced between 40 and 140 days after planting. Within this same period up to 1152 kg shoot crude protein/ha, equivalent to 184 kg N/ha, were recorded for accessions. Ten accessions that may contribute to grain production, eight accessions that may contribute to forage production and six accessions with drought tolerance were identified. Some white-seeded accessions (Grif 1246, ILRI 4612 and PI 183451) with good grain and forage yield and high-protein content have the potential to provide more and higher quality food for people and feed for livestock. The observed potential to contribute to grain production for protein-rich food, feed for livestock and green manure for soil N improvement suggests lablab may be an acceptable legume option for use in cereal-legume-livestock systems in the moist savanna zone of West Africa.

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CARSKY, R. J., S. NOKOE, S. T. O. LAGOKE, and S. K. KIM. "MAIZE YIELD DETERMINANTS IN FARMER-MANAGED TRIALS IN THE NIGERIAN NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA." Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (October 1998): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798004074.

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Farmer-managed tests of Striga hermonthica-resistant maize varieties were conducted in 1994 in a moderately intensified zone in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Field history, soil properties, current season fertility management, and crop management observations were recorded for 37 farmer-managed trials. Site averages for maize grain yield varied from 300 to 4000 kg grain ha−1. In spite of the tremendous variability observed, the grain yield was significantly higher for the striga-resistant hybrid 8321-18 compared with an improved open-pollinated variety, STR Syn-W, and the farmers' current variety. Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis of grain yield on measured variables suggested that maize yield was a function of plant density for all three varieties. The rate of nitrogen fertilizer application was an important variable only for the hybrid, while the day of first weeding was most important for the improved varieties. The yield of the local varieties and STR Syn-W was related to the number of emerged striga at harvest in the stepwise regression, and the yield of the local varieties was highly correlated with the striga-damage score on maize. The striga-damage score was significantly lower on 8321-18 than on the other varieties, suggesting some degree of resistance in the hybrid. The number of emerged striga was lower for the hybrid but not significantly different. Farmers were almost unanimous in ranking the hybrid as least damaged by striga and highest yielding. Besides being related to maize variety, striga-damage score was lower if crop residue was observed on the field at the time of site confirmation. Highest yields (approximately 4 t ha−1) were recorded on fields near the homestead (compound fields) where soil organic carbon values were 2.0–2.5%. Realization of maize yield potential in the absence of manure or fertilizer will only be possible on long-term compound fields. Striga-resistant maize can maintain high yields under S. hermonthica infestation.

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32

Y.D. Lawso, Innocent, Israel K. Dzomeku ., Robert Asempa ., and Samuel Benson . "Weed Control in Maize Using Mucuna and Canavalia as Intercrops in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana." Journal of Agronomy 5, no. 4 (September 15, 2006): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2006.621.625.

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Atakora, W., and P. Kwakye. "Measurement and Modeling Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Ferric Luvisols in the Guinea Savanna Agro-ecological Zone of Ghana." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 10, no. 3 (January 10, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2016/24165.

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34

Akapali, Maxwell, Terry Ansah, Ibn Iddriss Abdul-Rahman, Benjamin Alenyorege, and Bernard N. Baatuuwie. "Seasonal changes in pasture biomass and grazing behaviour of cattle in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 35, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2018.1480526.

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35

Adebayo Abayomi, Olowoake, and Ojo James Adebayo. "Effect of Fertilizer Types on the Growth and Yield ofAmaranthus caudatusin Ilorin, Southern Guinea, Savanna Zone of Nigeria." Advances in Agriculture 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/947062.

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Field experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, to evaluate the effect of compost, organomineral, and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield ofAmaranthus caudatusas well as its residual effects.Amaranthuswas grown with compost Grade B (unamended compost), organomineral fertilizer Grade A (compost amended with mineral fertilizer), and NPK 15-15-15 and no fertilizer (control). All the treatments except control were applied at the rate of 100 kg N/ha. The results indicated that theAmaranthusyield of 18.9 t/ha produced from Grade A was significantly (P<0.05) higher than 17.6 t/ha obtained from NPK fertilizer. Residual effect ofAmaranthusgrowth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and yield values obtained from Grade A was also significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of NPK, compost, and control values. Thus, organomineral fertilizer could be used in cultivation ofAmaranthus caudatusin Ilorin and in similar type of soil in similar agroecology.

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36

Igboanugo, A. B. I., J. E. Omijeh, and J. O. Adegbehin. "Pasture floristic composition in different Eucalyptus species plantations in some parts of northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria." Agroforestry Systems 12, no. 3 (December 1990): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00137288.

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37

Tahiru, Fulera, Mathias Fosu, Thomas Gaiser, Mathias Becker, Baba I. Y. Inusah, Abubakari Mutari, S. S. J. Buah, Williams Kwame Atakora, and Askia M. Mohammed. "Fertilizer and Genotype Effects on Maize Production on Two Soils in the Northern Region of Ghana." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 4 (September 7, 2015): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n4p76.

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Soils in the Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Ghana are depleted in major nutrients by continuous cropping and residue removal, resulting in low maize yields. While many studies have assessed the fertilizer requirements for maize, most did not account for the role of the soil type and maize genotype. A study was conducted on Plinthosol and Lixisol in the Tolon district of the Northern Region of Ghana to assess fertilizer and genotype effects on maize productivity. Two maize genotypes (i.e. Obatanpa -110 days to maturity) and (Dodzie - 75 days to maturity) were compared at three fertilizer application rates (i.e. 0-0-0, 60-15-35 and 90-25-50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> N, P K) in a randomized complete block design using four replications, with genotype allocated to the main plots and fertilizer levels to the subplots. Soils were characterized, revealing very low total N and available P concentrations in the top layers. Grain yield was significantly affected by maize genotype, irrespective of the soil type. The longer-duration (Obatanpa) tended to out yield the short duration genotype (Dodzie), and generally outperformed Dodzie in all yield parameters except for the harvest index on Plinthosol. Inorganic fertilizers significantly (P<0.001) increased yield and all yield parameters over the control on both soils, with yield increases of 84 and 90% at 60-15-35 and 90-25-50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> N, P K, respectively. Genotype by fertilizer interaction was highly significant (P<0.001) for grain yield on both soils. We conclude that farmers in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana need to supply nutrients to enhance grain yields of maize, irrespective of the prevailing soil type.

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Ndor, E., S. Amana, and C. Asadu. "Effect of Biochar on Soil Properties and Organic Carbon Sink in Degraded Soil of Southern Guinea Savanna Zone, Nigeria." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 4, no. 3 (January 10, 2015): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2015/12376.

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39

Garjila, Y., J. Shiyam, and Y. Augustine. "Response of Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) to Organic Manures in the Southern Guinea Savanna Agroecological Zone of Nigeria." Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arja/2017/31265.

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40

Gworgwor, N. A., and S. T. O. Lagoke. "Weed control in sorghum—groundnut mixture in the simultaneous system of farming in Northern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria." Tropical Pest Management 38, no. 2 (January 1992): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670879209371670.

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41

Kombiok, J. M., S. S. J. Buah, and I. K. Dzomeku. "Rice Influence on Grain Yield of Maize in Maize/Rice Mixture in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana." Journal of Crop Improvement 26, no. 1 (January 2012): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2011.616265.

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42

Osunde, A. O., S. Gwam, A. Bala, N. Sanginga, and J. A. Okogun. "Responses to rhizobial inoculation by two promiscuous soybean cultivars in soils of the Southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria." Biology and Fertility of Soils 37, no. 5 (April 9, 2003): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-003-0609-2.

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43

Onifade, O. S. "Effect of stocking rate on Rhodes grass-stylo pasture in Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria 3. Chemical composition." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 33, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v33i2.933.

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A grazing trail was conducted to evaluate the effect of five stocking rates 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 sheep/ha) on the chemical composition of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana)- Stylo (Stylosanthes guinanensis) pastures in Nigeria. The pastures were set stocked for 154-210 days over five grazing periods. Stocking rate had no significant (P>0.05) effect on the crude protein (CP), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium Mg) contents of the pasture components. The concentrations of CP, K and Ca declined as plants matured while the levels of CP, P and Ca in the stewm were short of the recommended levela for rams. Acid detergent lignin (ADL) and fibre (ADF) were not affected by stocking rate but the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of the components increased with stocking rate. The non-persistence of Style beyond one grazing period lowered the chemical composition of the pasture thus the need to incorporate more persistent legume(s) with the grass.

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44

Haruna, I. M., and M. S. Abimiku. "Yield of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Influenced by Organic Fertilizers in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria." Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, no. 1 (January 29, 2012): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n1p66.

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Field experiments were carried out during the rainy seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the teaching and research farm of Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Lafia campus in the southern Guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria to assess the effects of poultry manure, cow manure and sheep manure on the performance of sesame crop. Manure application was found to have significantly increased both yield and yield attributes of sesame compared with non application at all. Application of 2.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of poultry manure produced the highest value for all the yield attributes measured. The seed yield per hectare in both years were also optimized with the application of 2.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> of poultry manure (1914.07 and 1933.20 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> in 2008 and 2009 respectively) compared with any other applied rates of sheep and cow manure and is therefore recommended.

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45

Lawson, I., and A. Issahaku,. "Time of planting and weed suppression abilities of some legumes intercropped with maize in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana." Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 4, no. 4 (July 2013): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2013.4.4.358.363.

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46

Ajibola, A. T., I. A. Fasola, and T. O. Modupeola. "Influence of Time of Decomposition of Plants Materials on Okra Performance in Ogbomoso, Guinea Savanna Zone of South-West, Nigeria." Journal of Agronomy 13, no. 3 (June 15, 2014): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2014.122.126.

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47

Konlan, S., J. Sarkodie-Addo, M. Kombiok, E. Asare, and I. Bawah. "Effect of Intercropping on Nitrogen Fixation of Three Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) Genotypes in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 5, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2015/11150.

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48

., I. A. Adeyinka, O. O. Oni ., B. I. Nwagu ., and F. D. Adeyinka . "Components of Variance for Some Economic Traits among Rhode Island Chicken Bred in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria." International Journal of Poultry Science 5, no. 6 (May 15, 2006): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.579.582.

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Lamidi, O. S., O. O. Olabode, C. B. I. Alawa, P. P. Barje, and M. K. Ajala. "Research Note: Over Night Faecal Production by Bunaji Cattle Grazing Natural Pastures in the Northern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria." Asian Journal of Agricultural Research 1, no. 3 (April 15, 2007): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajar.2007.137.141.

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50

O, Olatunji,, S. A. Ayuba, and A. Ali. "Residual effect of nutrient integration on some selected soil chemical properties of the guinea savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria." IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science 7, no. 3 (2014): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/2380-07317377.

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